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Kim SK, Avila JJ, Massett MP. Strain survey and genetic analysis of vasoreactivity in mouse aorta. Physiol Genomics 2016; 48:861-873. [PMID: 27764765 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00054.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the genetic influence on vascular reactivity is important for identifying genes underlying impaired vascular function. The purpose of this study was to characterize the genetic contribution to intrinsic vascular function and to identify loci associated with phenotypic variation in vascular reactivity in mice. Concentration response curves to phenylephrine (PE), potassium chloride (KCl), acetylcholine (ACh), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were generated in aortic rings from male mice (12 wk old) from 27 inbred mouse strains. Significant strain-dependent differences were found for both maximal responses and sensitivity for each agent, except for SNP Max (%). Strain differences for maximal responses to ACh, PE, and KCl varied by two- to fivefold. On the basis of these large strain differences, we performed genome-wide association mapping (GWAS) to identify loci associated with variation in responses to these agents. GWAS for responses to ACh identified four significant and 19 suggestive loci. Several suggestive loci for responses to SNP, PE, and KCl (including one significant locus for KCl EC50) were also identified. These results demonstrate that intrinsic endothelial function, and more generally vascular function, is genetically determined and associated with multiple genomic loci. Furthermore, these results are supported by the finding that several genes residing in significant and suggestive loci for responses to ACh were previously identified in rat and/or human quantitative trait loci/GWAS for cardiovascular disease. This study represents the first step toward the unbiased comprehensive discovery of genetic determinants that regulate intrinsic vascular function, particularly endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Kyum Kim
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Joshua J Avila
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Michael P Massett
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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Adefurin A, Ghimire LV, Kohli U, Muszkat M, Sofowora GG, Li C, Paranjape SY, Stein CM, Kurnik D. Genetic variation in the α1A-adrenergic receptor and phenylephrine-mediated venoconstriction. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2015; 15:310-5. [PMID: 25421140 PMCID: PMC4442768 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2014.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
There is large interindividual variability and ethnic differences in phenylephrine-mediated vasoconstriction. We tested the hypothesis that genetic variation in ADRA1A, the α1A adrenergic receptor gene, contributes to the variability and ethnic differences. We measured local dorsal hand vein responses to increasing doses of phenylephrine in 64 Caucasians and 42 African-Americans and genotyped for 32 ADRA1A single nucleotide polymorphisms. The ED50 ranged from 11 to 5442 ng min(-1), and the Emax ranged from 13.5-100%. The rs574647 variant was associated with a trend towards lower logED50 in each race and in the combined cohort (P=0.008). In addition, rs1079078 was associated with a trend to higher logED50 in each race and in the combined cohort (P=0.011). Neither variant accounted for the ethnic differences in response. None of the ADRA1A haplotypes was associated with the outcomes. In conclusion, ADRA1A variants do not contribute substantially to the marked interindividual variability or ethnic differences in phenylephrine-mediated venoconstriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiodun Adefurin
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Laxmi V. Ghimire
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Utkarsh Kohli
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mordechai Muszkat
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Gbenga G. Sofowora
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sachin Y. Paranjape
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - C. Michael Stein
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Daniel Kurnik
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
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Holliday SF, Kane-Gill SL, Empey PE, Buckley MS, Smithburger PL. Interpatient variability in dexmedetomidine response: a survey of the literature. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:805013. [PMID: 24558330 PMCID: PMC3914598 DOI: 10.1155/2014/805013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifty-five thousand patients are cared for in the intensive care unit (ICU) daily with sedation utilized to reduce anxiety and agitation while optimizing comfort. The Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) released updated guidelines for management of pain, agitation, and delirium in the ICU and recommended nonbenzodiazepines, such as dexmedetomidine and propofol, as first line sedation agents. Dexmedetomidine, an alpha-2 agonist, offers many benefits yet its use is mired by the inability to consistently achieve sedation goals. Three hypotheses including patient traits/characteristics, pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients, and clinically relevant genetic polymorphisms that could affect dexmedetomidine response are presented. Studies in patient traits have yielded conflicting results regarding the role of race yet suggest that dexmedetomidine may produce more consistent results in less critically ill patients and with home antidepressant use. Pharmacokinetics of critically ill patients are reported as similar to healthy individuals yet wide, unexplained interpatient variability in dexmedetomidine serum levels exist. Genetic polymorphisms in both metabolism and receptor response have been evaluated in few studies, and the results remain inconclusive. To fully understand the role of dexmedetomidine, it is vital to further evaluate what prompts such marked interpatient variability in critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha F. Holliday
- University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, 3501 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Sandra L. Kane-Gill
- Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, 3501 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Philip E. Empey
- Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, 3501 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Mitchell S. Buckley
- Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center, Department of Pharmacy, 1111 E. McDowell Road, Phoenix, AZ 85006, USA
| | - Pamela L. Smithburger
- Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, 3501 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Adefurin A, Ghimire LV, Kohli U, Muszkat M, Sofowora GG, Paranjape SY, Stein CM, Kurnik D. Response to Is Creatine Kinase the Intrinsic Factor of Smooth Muscle Enhancing Vascular Contractility in Subjects of African Ancestry? Hypertension 2013. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.01859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abiodun Adefurin
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Laxmi V. Ghimire
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Utkarsh Kohli
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Mordechai Muszkat
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Gbenga G. Sofowora
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Sachin Y. Paranjape
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - C. Michael Stein
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Daniel Kurnik
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
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A polymorphism in the protein kinase C gene PRKCB is associated with α2-adrenoceptor-mediated vasoconstriction. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2013; 23:127-134. [PMID: 23337848 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0b013e32835d247f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES α2-Adrenoceptors (α2-AR) mediate both constriction and dilatation of blood vessels. There is considerable interindividual variability in dorsal hand vein (DHV) constriction responses to α2-AR agonist activation. Genetic factors appear to contribute significantly to this variation. The present study was designed to identify the genetic factors contributing toward the interindividual variability in α2-AR-mediated vascular constriction induced by the selective α2-AR agonist dexmedetomidine. METHODS DHV constriction responses to a local infusion of dexmedetomidine were assessed by measuring changes in vein diameter with a linear variable differential transformer. The outcome variable for constriction was log-transformed dexmedetomidine ED50. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 433 378 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was carried out for determining the sensitivity of DHV responses in 64 healthy Finnish individuals. Twenty SNPs were selected on the basis of the GWAS results and their associations with the ED50 of dexmedetomidine were tested in an independent North American study population of 68 healthy individuals. RESULTS In both study populations (GWAS and replication samples), the SNP rs9922316 in the gene for protein kinase C type β was consistently associated with dexmedetomidine ED50 for DHV constriction (unadjusted P=0.00016 for the combined population). CONCLUSION Genetic variation in protein kinase C type β may contribute toward the interindividual variation in DHV constriction responses to α2-AR activation by the agonist dexmedetomidine.
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Adefurin A, Ghimire LV, Kohli U, Muszkat M, Sofowora GG, Paranjape SY, Stein CM, Kurnik D. Blacks have a greater sensitivity to α1-adrenoceptor-mediated venoconstriction compared with whites. Hypertension 2013; 61:915-20. [PMID: 23399717 PMCID: PMC3627527 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Blacks have increased hemodynamic responses to both physiological and pharmacological adrenergic stimulation compared with whites, and this may contribute to the greater prevalence of hypertension in this ethnic group. A small study suggested enhanced α1-adrenoreceptor-mediated arterial vasoconstriction in the forearm vasculature of blacks compared with whites, but it is unknown whether this reflects a generalized vascular phenomenon. The objective of this study was to examine the hypothesis that there are ethnic differences in venous α1-adrenoreceptor responsiveness. Using a linear variable differential transformer, we measured local dorsal hand vein responses to increasing doses of the selective α1-adrenoreceptor agonist, phenylephrine, in 106 subjects (64 whites and 42 blacks). There was wide interindividual variability in responses to phenylephrine. The dose that produced 50% of maximal constriction (ED50) ranged from 11 to 5442 ng/min, and maximal venoconstriction (Emax) ranged from 13.5% to 100%. Blacks (geometric mean ED50 =172 ng/min; 95% confidence interval, 115-256 ng/min) were more sensitive to phenylephrine than whites (310 ng/min; 95% confidence interval, 222-434 ng/min; unadjusted P=0.026; adjusted P=0.003). Median Emax was slightly higher in blacks (89%; interquartile range, 82% to 98%) compared with whites (85%; interquartile range, 75% to 95%; P=0.07). Taken together with previous findings in arterial vessels, our results suggest a generalized increased sensitivity to α1-adrenoreceptor-mediated vasoconstriction in blacks. Increased vascular α-adrenoreceptor sensitivity could predispose to hypertension, and future studies addressing the contribution of this mechanism to ethnic differences in the prevalence of hypertension will be of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiodun Adefurin
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Laxmi V. Ghimire
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Utkarsh Kohli
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mordechai Muszkat
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Gbenga G. Sofowora
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sachin Y. Paranjape
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - C. Michael Stein
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Daniel Kurnik
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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