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Soltani L, Ghaneialvar H, Abbasi N, Bayat P, Nazari M. Chitosan/alginate scaffold enhanced with Berberis vulgaris extract for osteocyte differentiation of ovine fetal stem cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3924. [PMID: 38269507 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Designing biocompatible polymers using plant derivatives can be extremely useful in tissue engineering, nanomedicine, and many other fields of medicine. In this study, it was first looked into how chitosan/alginate scaffolds were made and characterized in the presence of berberine and barberry fruit extract. Second, the process of proliferation and differentiation of ovine fetal BM-MSCs (bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells) was assessed on these scaffolds after BM-MSCs were extracted and confirmed by developing into osteocyte and adipose cells. To investigate the differentiation, treatment groups include (1) ovine fetal BM-MSCs were plated in Dulbecco's modified eagle medium culture medium with high glucose containing 10% fetal bovine serum and antibiotics (negative control), (2) ovine fetal BM-MSCs were plated in osteogenic differentiation medium (positive control group), (3) positive control group + barberry fruit extract, (4) positive control group + berberine, (5) ovine fetal BM-MSCs were plated in osteogenic differentiation medium on chitosan/alginate scaffold (hydrogel group), (6) ovine fetal BM-MSCs were plated in osteogenic differentiation medium on chitosan/alginate/barberry fruit extract scaffold (hydrogel group containing barberry fruit extract), and (7) ovine fetal BM-MSCs were plated in osteogenic differentiation medium on chitosan/alginate/berberine scaffold (hydrogel group containing berberine). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme concentrations, mineralization rate using a calcium kit, and mineralization measurement by alizarin staining quantification were all found after 21 days of culture. In addition, real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the expression of the ALP, COL1A2, and Runx2 genes. Days 5 and 7 had the lowest water absorption by the hydrogel scaffold containing barberry extract, which was significant in comparison to other groups (p < .05). Among the hydrogel scaffolds under study, the one containing barberry extract exhibited the lowest tensile strength, and this difference was statistically significant (p < .05). The chitosan/alginate hydrogel has the highest tensile strength of all of them. In comparison to the control and other treatment groups, the inclusion of berberine in the chitosan/alginate hydrogel significantly increased the expression of the ALP, Runx2, and COL1A2 genes (p < .05). The osteocyte differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in in vitro settings appears to have been enhanced by the inclusion of berberine in the chitosan/alginate scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Soltani
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hori Ghaneialvar
- Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical School, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Naser Abbasi
- Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Bayat
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Ilam, Iran
| | - Maryam Nazari
- Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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Enayati A, Ghojoghnejad M, Roufogalis BD, Maollem SA, Sahebkar A. Impact of Phytochemicals on PPAR Receptors: Implications for Disease Treatments. PPAR Res 2022; 2022:4714914. [PMID: 36092543 PMCID: PMC9453090 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4714914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the ligand-dependent nuclear receptor family. PPARs have attracted wide attention as pharmacologic mediators to manage multiple diseases and their underlying signaling targets. They mediate a broad range of specific biological activities and multiple organ toxicity, including cellular differentiation, metabolic syndrome, cancer, atherosclerosis, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammation related to their up/downstream signaling pathways. Consequently, several types of selective PPAR ligands, such as fibrates and thiazolidinediones (TZDs), have been approved as their pharmacological agonists. Despite these advances, the use of PPAR agonists is known to cause adverse effects in various systems. Conversely, some naturally occurring PPAR agonists, including polyunsaturated fatty acids and natural endogenous PPAR agonists curcumin and resveratrol, have been introduced as safe agonists as a result of their clinical evidence or preclinical experiments. This review focuses on research on plant-derived active ingredients (natural phytochemicals) as potential safe and promising PPAR agonists. Moreover, it provides a comprehensive review and critique of the role of phytochemicals in PPARs-related diseases and provides an understanding of phytochemical-mediated PPAR-dependent and -independent cascades. The findings of this research will help to define the functions of phytochemicals as potent PPAR pharmacological agonists in underlying disease mechanisms and their related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesheh Enayati
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mobina Ghojoghnejad
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Basil D. Roufogalis
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Seyed Adel Maollem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, Iraq
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Expatiating the Pharmacological and Nanotechnological Aspects of the Alkaloidal Drug Berberine: Current and Future Trends. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123705. [PMID: 35744831 PMCID: PMC9229453 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, herbal compounds have been the focus of scientific interest for the last several centuries, and continuous research into their medicinal potential is underway. Berberine (BBR) is an isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from plants that possess a broad array of medicinal properties, including anti-diarrheal, anti-fibrotic, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, antihyperlipidemic, antihypertensive, antiarrhythmic, antidepressant, and anxiolytic effects, and is frequently utilized as a traditional Chinese medicine. BBR promotes metabolisms of glucose and lipids by activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, stimulating glycolysis and inhibiting functions of mitochondria; all of these ameliorate type 2 diabetes mellitus. BBR has also been shown to have benefits in congestive heart failure, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and polycystic ovary syndrome. BBR has been investigated as an interesting pharmacophore with the potential to contribute significantly to the research and development of novel therapeutic medicines for a variety of disorders. Despite its enormous therapeutic promise, the clinical application of this alkaloid was severely limited because of its unpleasant pharmacokinetic characteristics. Poor bioavailability, limited absorption, and poor water solubility are some of the obstacles that restricted its use. Nanotechnology has been suggested as a possible solution to these problems. The present review aims at recent updates on important therapeutic activities of BBR and different types of nanocarriers used for the delivery of BBR in different diseases.
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Interactions between gut microbiota and berberine, a necessary procedure to understand the mechanisms of berberine. J Pharm Anal 2021; 12:541-555. [PMID: 36105164 PMCID: PMC9463479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Berberine (BBR), an isoquinoline alkaloid, has been found in many plants, such as Coptis chinensis Franch and Phellodendron chinense Schneid. Although BBR has a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects, its oral bioavailability is extremely low. In recent years, gut microbiota has emerged as a cynosure to understand the mechanisms of action of herbal compounds. Numerous studies have demonstrated that due to its low bioavailability, BBR can interact with the gut microbiota, thereby exhibiting altered pharmacological effects. However, no systematic and comprehensive review has summarized these interactions and their corresponding influences on pharmacological effects. Here, we describe the direct interactive relationships between BBR and gut microbiota, including regulation of gut microbiota composition and metabolism by BBR and metabolization of BBR by gut microbiota. In addition, the complex interactions between gut microbiota and BBR as well as the side effects and personalized use of BBR are discussed. Furthermore, we provide our viewpoint on future research directions regarding BBR and gut microbiota. This review not only helps to explain the mechanisms underlying BBR activity but also provides support for the rational use of BBR in clinical practice. Low bioavailability enables interactions between berberine and the gut microbiota. Berberine can shape the composition and metabolism of the gut microbiota. Gut microbiota can metabolize and transform berberine. Personalized use of berberine can reduce the occurrence of side effects.
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Zhao Y, Li Z, Lu E, Sheng Q, Zhao Y. Berberine exerts neuroprotective activities against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through up-regulating PPAR-γ to suppress NF-κB-mediated pyroptosis. Brain Res Bull 2021; 177:22-30. [PMID: 34517069 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Berberine (BBR) is an anti-inflammatory alkaloid compound extracted from herbs. The purpose of this study is to probe the possible effect and the mechanism of BBR against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS In vitro oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) model was established on neurons from rat hippocampus, which was then subjected to BBR, IVA337 (PPAR-γ agonist), or GW9662 (PPAR-γ antagonist) treatment, to identify their effects on neuronal pyroptosis. MTT assay was utilized to determine cell survival rates, TUNEL staining for observation of β-tubulin and MAP2 expressions, qRT-PCR for detection of mRNA expression of PPAR-γ, Western blot for assessment of protein expressions of PPAR-γ and pyroptosis-related proteins (AIM2, NLPR3, ASC, cleaved-Caspase-1, GSDMD, and GSDMD-N), and ELISA for examination of IL-18 and IL-1β expressions. RESULTS OGD modeling induced neuron pyroptosis, as evidenced by increased expression levels of pyroptosis-related proteins as well as IL-1β and IL-18, and elevated cell apoptosis rate. In addition, OGD exposure led to PPAR-γ up-regulation and NF-κB activation. Overexpression of PPAR-γ ameliorated cell pyroptosis, while knockdown of PPAR-γ intensified neuron pyroptosis that could be reversed by BBR. Furthermore, either BBR could block the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway through PPAR-γ. CONCLUSION BBR protects rats from cerebral I/R injury by up-regulating PPAR-γ to restrain NF-κB-mediated pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Zhao
- Department of Neurology (Six), The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, PR China
| | - Zengkun Li
- Department of Neurology, Harbin First Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, PR China
| | - Enrong Lu
- Department of Neurology (Six), The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, PR China
| | - Qi Sheng
- Department of Neurology, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, PR China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Neurology (Six), The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, PR China.
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Berberine attenuates the inflammatory response by activating the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway in bovine endometrial epithelial cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107738. [PMID: 33984720 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Endometritis is a common inflammatory disease that disturbs the rapid development of dairy farming. In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of berberine on the LPS-induced inflammatory response in bovine endometrial epithelial cells (bEECs) and the participation of the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway in this process. Berberine treatment significantly reduced the LPS-induced expression levels of CRP, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in bEECs. The Nrf2 signaling pathway in these cells was also activated by berberine. We further evaluated the effects of Nrf2 activators and inhibitors on the downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines. The activator of Nrf2 significantly inhibited the production of these proinflammatory cytokines that was induced by LPS. However, an inhibitor of Nrf2 only partially inhibited the anti-inflammatory effects of berberine on the LPS-induced inflammatory response in bEECs. In conclusion, our findings suggest that berberine exerts anti-inflammatory effects partially by activating the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Cole LK, Zhang M, Chen L, Sparagna GC, Vandel M, Xiang B, Dolinsky VW, Hatch GM. Supplemental Berberine in a High-Fat Diet Reduces Adiposity and Cardiac Dysfunction in Offspring of Mouse Dams with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. J Nutr 2021; 151:892-901. [PMID: 33484149 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are few evidence-based strategies to attenuate the risk of metabolic syndrome in offspring exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Berberine (BBR) is an isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from Chinese herbs and exhibits glucose lowering properties. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that dietary BBR would improve health outcomes in the mouse offspring of GDM dams. METHODS Wild-type C57BL/6 female mice were fed either a Lean-inducing low-fat diet (L-LF,10% kcal fat, 35% kcal sucrose) or a GDM-inducing high-fat diet (GDM-HF, 45% kcal fat, 17.5% sucrose) for 6 wk prior to breeding with wild-type C57BL/6 male mice throughout pregnancy and the suckling period. The resulting Lean and GDM-exposed male and female offspring were randomly assigned an LF (10% kcal fat, 35% kcal sucrose), HF (45% kcal fat, 17.5% sucrose), or high-fat berberine (HFB) (45% kcal fat, 17.5% sucrose diet) containing BBR (160 mg/kg/d, HFB) at weaning for 12 wk. The main outcome was to evaluate the effects of BBR on obesity, pancreatic islet function, and cardiac contractility in GDM-exposed HF-fed offspring. Significance between measurements was determined using a 2 (gestational exposure) × 3 (diet) factorial design by a 2- way ANOVA using Tukey post-hoc analysis. RESULTS In the GDM-HF group, body weights were significantly increased (16%) compared with those in baseline (L-LF) animals (P < 0.05). Compared with the L-LF animals, the GDM-HF group had a reduction in pancreatic insulin glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (74%) and increased cardiac isovolumetric contraction time (IVCT; ∼150%) (P < 0.05). Compared with GDM-HF animals, the GDM-HFB group with the dietary addition of BBR had significantly reduced body weight (16%), increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic islets (254%), and reduced systolic heart function (46% IVCT) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In a mouse model of GDM, dietary BBR treatment provided protection from obesity and the development of pancreatic islet and cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Cole
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Genevieve C Sparagna
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, USA
| | - Marilyne Vandel
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Bo Xiang
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Vernon W Dolinsky
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Grant M Hatch
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Center for Research and Treatment of Atherosclerosis, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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8
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Adefegha SA, Dada FA, Oyeleye SI, Oboh G. Effects of berberine on cholinesterases and monoamine oxidase activities, and antioxidant status in the brain of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 33:389-397. [PMID: 33725758 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several studies had been conducted to examine the link between diabetes and diabetes encephalopathy. This study was conducted to examine the potency of berberine (BER) on the restoration of impaired neurochemicals in the brain of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Wistar rats. METHODS Fifty-six (56) adult rats weighing between 200 and 230 g were randomly divided into seven groups (n=8) as follows; Group I is normal control; Groups II and III were normal rats treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg respectively; Group IV-VII were STZ-induced rats, but Groups V-VII were treated with acarbose (25 mg/kg), 50 and 100 mg/kg of BER, respectively. RESULTS The result of the study showed that untreated STZ-induced diabetic rats have increased acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), monoamine oxidase (MAO) activities, and malonylaldehyde (MDA) level, with concomitant decrease of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, and glutathione (GSH) level. However, daily treatment with 50 and 100 mg/kg BER and ACA significantly reversed these effects. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study clearly indicated that BER possesses neuro-protective and antioxidative potentials and normalize neurochemical impairment distort by diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Adefegha
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Felix A Dada
- Science Laboratory Technology Department (Biochemistry Unit), Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Sunday I Oyeleye
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
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Mohi-Ud-Din R, Mir RH, Mir PA, Farooq S, Raza SN, Raja WY, Masoodi MH, Singh IP, Bhat ZA. Ethnomedicinal uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Aspects of the Genus Berberis Linn: A Comprehensive Review. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2020; 24:624-644. [PMID: 33143603 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323999201102141206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genus Berberis (family Berberidaceae), which contains about 650 species and 17 genera worldwide, has been used in folklore and various traditional medicine systems. Berberis Linn. is the most established group among genera with around 450-500 species across the world. This comprehensive review will not only help researchers for further evaluation but also provide substantial information for future exploitation of species to develop novel herbal formulations. OBJECTIVE The present review is focussed to summarize and collect the updated review of information of Berberis species reported to date regarding their ethnomedicinal information, chemical constituents, traditional/folklore use, and reported pharmacological activities on more than 40 species of Berberis. CONCLUSION A comprehensive survey of the literature reveals that various species of the genus possess various phytoconstituents mainly alkaloids, flavonoid based compounds isolated from different parts of a plant with a wide range of pharmacological activities. So far, many pharmacological activities like anti-cancer, anti-hyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, antiinflammatory both in vitro and in vivo and clinical study of different extracts/isolated compounds of different species of Berberis have been reported, proving their importance as a medicinal plant and claiming their traditional use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohi Mohi-Ud-Din
- Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006, Kashmir, India
| | - Reyaz Hassan Mir
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190006, Kashmir, India
| | - Prince Ahad Mir
- Pharmaceutics Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190006, Kashmir, India
| | - Saeema Farooq
- Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006, Kashmir, India
| | - Syed Naiem Raza
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali-160062, Punjab, India
| | - Weekar Younis Raja
- Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006, Kashmir, India
| | - Mubashir Hussain Masoodi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190006, Kashmir, India
| | - Inder Pal Singh
- Amritsar Pharmacy College, 12 KM stone Amritsar Jalandhar GT Road, Mandwala-143001, India
| | - Zulfiqar Ali Bhat
- Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006, Kashmir, India
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El-Zeftawy M, Ghareeb D, ElBealy ER, Saad R, Mahmoud S, Elguindy N, El-Kott AF, El-Sayed M. Berberine chloride ameliorated PI3K/Akt-p/SIRT-1/PTEN signaling pathway in insulin resistance syndrome induced in rats. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e13049. [PMID: 31512260 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The liver is the main organ involved in lipid metabolism process and it helps in drug detoxification. Insulin resistance is considered one of risk reasons which lead to several metabolic diseases. Currently, berberine (BER) occupies a huge challenge against multiple diseases with no toxic effect. The present work was aimed to identify, does BER-chloride has a poisonous influence on the liver? and investigating the outcome of BER-chloride on PI3K/Akt-p/SIRT-1/PTEN pathway during insulin resistance syndrome. The insulin resistance model was achieved in experimental female rats via high-fat diet (HFD). Glucose, insulin, lipid profiles, and hepatic oxidative stress parameters were assessed. PI3K, AKt-p, SIRT-1, and PTEN levels in hepatic tissue were determined at genome and protein levels. Further adiponectin concentration was performed in serum, hepatic, and white adipose tissues. Molecular study of fold alteration in insulin, insulin receptor, and retinol binding protein-4 (RBP4) in liver was done. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Obesity syndrome causes multiple obstacles in modern years. The current results revealed elevation the body weight of rats, plasma glucose, homeostatic model assessment, glycated hemoglobin, insulin, and lipid profiles concentrations in a group of rats, which nourished HFD for 8 weeks and this rise, was diminished after 2 weeks from BER-chloride administration. Further, BER-chloride improved transaminases enzymes, pro-oxidant, and antioxidant defense system, PI3K, AKt-p, SIRT-1, and PTEN in the liver, with downregulation of hepatic RBP4. Hence, these data provide a crucial message that BER-chloride enhanced both hepatic function and insulin signaling pathways that might be of therapeutic importance to insulin resistance with no harmful effect on the liver. BER-chloride is predicted to be a drug of choice for obesity complications cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa El-Zeftawy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, The New Valley University, New Valley, Egypt.,Biological Screening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Doaa Ghareeb
- Biological Screening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Center, General Authority of City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eman R ElBealy
- Biology Department, College of Science for girls, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha Saad
- Biological Screening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Salma Mahmoud
- Biological Screening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nihal Elguindy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Attalla F El-Kott
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Zoology Department, College of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Sayed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Du Y, Li X, Su C, Wang L, Jiang J, Hong B. The human gut microbiome - a new and exciting avenue in cardiovascular drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:1037-1052. [PMID: 31315489 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1638909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Over the past decade, numerous research efforts have identified the gut microbiota as a novel regulator of human metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease (CVD). With the elucidation of underlying molecular mechanisms of the gut microbiota and its metabolites, the drug-discovery process of CVD therapeutics might be expedited. Areas covered: The authors describe the evidence concerning the impact of gut microbiota on metabolic disorders and CVD and summarize the current knowledge of the gut microbial mechanisms that underlie CVD with a focus on microbial metabolites. In addition, they discuss the potential impact of the gut microbiota on the drug efficacy of available cardiometabolic therapeutic agents. Most importantly, the authors review the role of the gut microbiome as a promising source of potential drug targets and novel therapeutics for the development of new treatment modalities for CVD. This review also presents the various effective strategies to investigate the gut microbiome for CVD drug-discovery approaches. Expert opinion: With the elucidation of its causative role in cardiometabolic disease and atherosclerosis, the human gut microbiome holds promises as a reservoir of novel potential therapeutic targets as well as novel therapeutic agents, paving a new and exciting avenue in cardiovascular drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Du
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics , Beijing , China
| | - Xingxing Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics , Beijing , China.,CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology for Drug Innovation, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Chunyan Su
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics , Beijing , China
| | - Li Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics , Beijing , China
| | - Jiandong Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics , Beijing , China
| | - Bin Hong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics , Beijing , China.,CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology for Drug Innovation, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
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Wu A, Bao Y, Yu H, Zhou Y, Lu Q. Berberine Accelerates Odontoblast Differentiation by Wnt/β-Catenin Activation. Cell Reprogram 2019; 21:108-114. [PMID: 30969881 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2018.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Berberine, a Chinese medical herbal extract, plays a key role in antidiabetic, antiangiogenesis, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, and antihypercholesterolemic. Our previous studies revealed that berberine exerted odontoprotective effect by increasing odontoblast differentiation. However, the mechanisms involved in the odontoprotective effect of berberine have not been fully explored. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is involved in odontoblast differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). If β-catenin is nuclear translocation, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is activation. In this study, DPSCs were treated with or without berberine. Then, we examined the accelerative effects of berberine on odontoblast differentiation and mineralized nodules formation by real-time polymerase chain reaction, alizarin red S staining, and alkaline phosphatase staining. In addition, while treated with berberine, β-catenin translocated to the nucleus evaluated by western blot and immunofluorescent staining. Our results revealed that berberine functions as a promoter of odontoblast differentiation by promoting Wnt/β-catenin pathway, suggesting that it may be useful in guiding therapeutic strategies for the treatment of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqian Wu
- 1 Department of Implantology, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yueqi Bao
- 2 Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongqiang Yu
- 1 Department of Implantology, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- 1 Department of Implantology, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,3 Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Qi Lu
- 4 Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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Hu XM, Li RT, Zhang MM, Wu KY, Li HH, Huang NH, Sun B, Chen JX. Phenanthroline-linked berberine dimer and fluorophore-tagged DNA conjugate for the selective detection of microRNA-185: Experimental and molecular docking studies. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1051:153-159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zhao Y, Tian X, Liu G, Wang K, Xie Y, Qiu Y. Berberine protects myocardial cells against anoxia-reoxygenation injury via p38 MAPK-mediated NF-κB signaling pathways. Exp Ther Med 2018; 17:230-236. [PMID: 30651787 PMCID: PMC6307361 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is a leading cause of mortality and occurs due to coronary arterial atherosclerosis, vascular cavity stenosis and occlusion. It has previously been demonstrated that berberine treatment may ameliorate and help to prevent cardiovascular diseases due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects in myocardial cells. However, the potential signaling mechanisms mediated by berberine in the progression of myocardial injury remain to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of berberine and its potential mechanism in a mouse model of myocardial cell injury. The results revealed that berberine treatment downregulated the serum expression of inflammatory factors, including interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-10 and IL-17A in mice with anoxia-reoxygenation injury. Berberine treatment also decreased myocardial cell apoptosis following anoxia-reoxygenation injury via regulating the expression of apoptosis-associated genes. Histological analysis revealed that the area, circumference fragmentation and segmentation of myocardial cells were significantly decreased by berberine treatment compared with the control group. The body weight, blood lipid levels, blood pressure and heart rate were markedly improved in mice with anoxia-reoxygenation injury following berberine treatment compared with untreated mice. The expression of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB expression was downregulated in myocardial cells from in mice with anoxia-reoxygenation injury following berberine treatment compared with untreated mice. However, p38 MAPK overexpression ameliorated the berberine-induced decrease in NF-κB activity and expression, as well as the berberine-induced inhibition of myocardial apoptosis in myocardial cells isolated from experimental mice. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that berberine is able to decrease the expression of inflammatory cytokines expression and inhibit myocardial cell apoptosis via downregulating the p38 MAPK-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway. These results suggest that berberine may be an effective treatment for anoxia-reoxygenation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Cadre Ward, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150010, P.R. China
| | - Xuefeng Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150056, P.R. China
| | - Gengfeng Liu
- Cadre Ward, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150010, P.R. China
| | - Kuijing Wang
- Cadre Ward, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150010, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- Cadre Ward, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150010, P.R. China
| | - Yuxuan Qiu
- Cadre Ward, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150010, P.R. China
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Dong S, Zhang S, Chen Z, Zhang R, Tian L, Cheng L, Shang F, Sun J. Berberine Could Ameliorate Cardiac Dysfunction via Interfering Myocardial Lipidomic Profiles in the Rat Model of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1042. [PMID: 30131709 PMCID: PMC6090155 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is considered to be a distinct clinical entity independent of concomitant macro- and microvascular disorders, which is initiated partly by disturbances in energy substrates. This study was to observe the dynamic modulations of berberine in DCM rats and explore the changes of lipidomic profiles of myocardial tissue. Methods: Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were fed high-sucrose and high-fat diet (HSHFD) for totally 22 weeks and intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with 30 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ) at the fifth week to induce DCM. Seventy-two hours after STZ injection, the rats were orally given with berberine at 10, 30 mg/kg and metformin at 200 mg/kg, respectively. Dynamic changes of cardiac function, heart mass ratios and blood lipids were observed at f 4, 10, 16, and 22, respectively. Furthermore, lipid metabolites in myocardial tissue at week 16 were profiled by the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a quadruple time of flight mass spectrometer (UPLC/Q-TOF/MS) approach. Results: Berberine could protect against cardiac diastolic and systolic dysfunctions, as well as cardiac hypertrophy, and the most effective duration is with 16-week of administration. Meanwhile, 17 potential biomarkers of phosphatidylcholines (PCs), phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) and sphingolipids (SMs) of DCM induced by HSFD/STZ were identified. The perturbations of lipidomic profiles could be partly reversed with berberine intervention, i.e., PC (16:0/20:4), PC (18:2/0:0), PC (18:0/18:2), PC (18:0/22:5), PC (20:4/0:0), PC (20:4/18:0), PC (20:4/18:1), PC (20:4/20:2), PE (18:2/0:0), and SM (d18:0/16:0). Conclusions: These results indicated a close relationship between PCs, PEs and SMs and cardiac damage mechanisms during development of DCM. The therapeutic effects of berberine on DCM are partly caused by interferences with PCs, PEs, and SMs metabolisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifen Dong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuofeng Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhirong Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Linyue Tian
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Long Cheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Shang
- Department of Pharmacology, Analysis and Testing Center, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jianning Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Update on the Benefits and Mechanisms of Action of the Bioactive Vegetal Alkaloid Berberine on Lipid Metabolism and Homeostasis. CHOLESTEROL 2018; 2018:7173920. [PMID: 30057809 PMCID: PMC6051272 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7173920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Elevation of circulating levels of blood cholesterol, especially LDL cholesterol, and/or the decrease of HDL cholesterol levels have long been recognized as primary risk factors for developing atherosclerosis that leads to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Hypertriglyceridemia is an independent risk factor that is known to contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. Thus, various interventional efforts aimed at reducing hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia have been practiced clinically for decades to reduce morbidity and mortality risk associated with deleterious cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. As such, many drugs have been developed and clinically used to treat hypocholesteremia and/or hypertriglyceridemia; however, dietary approaches including supplements along with changes in nutrition and lifestyle have become increasingly attractive and acceptable methods used to control borderline or moderately increased levels of blood cholesterol and triacylglycerols. In this regard, the use of a plant/herbal bioactive compound, berberine (BBR), has recently been studied extensively in terms of its efficacy as well as its mechanisms of action and safety as an alternative intervention that beneficially modulates blood lipids. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive update on BBR research, new concepts and directions in terms of product development and current challenges, and future prospects of using BBR to manage diseases and complications associated with dyslipidemia.
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Yu F, Ao M, Zheng X, Li N, Xia J, Li Y, Li D, Hou Z, Qi Z, Chen XD. PEG-lipid-PLGA hybrid nanoparticles loaded with berberine-phospholipid complex to facilitate the oral delivery efficiency. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:825-833. [PMID: 28509588 PMCID: PMC8241132 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1321062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural product berberine (BBR), present in various plants, arouses great interests because of its numerous pharmacological effects. However, the further development and application of BBR had been hampered by its poor oral bioavailability. In this work, we report on polymer–lipid hybrid nanoparticles (PEG–lipid–PLGA NPs) loaded with BBR phospholipid complex using a solvent evaporation method for enhancing the oral BBR efficiency. The advantage of this new drug delivery system is that the BBR–soybean phosphatidylcholine complex (BBR–SPC) could be used to enhance the liposolubility of BBR and improve the affinity with the biodegradable polymer to increase the drug-loading capacity and controlled/sustained release. The entrapment efficiency of the PEG–lipid–PLGA NPs/BBR–SPC was observed to approach approximately 89% which is more than 2.4 times compared with that of the PEG–lipid–PLGA NPs/BBR. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on using polymer material for effective encapsulation of BBR to improve its oral bioavailability. The prepared BBR delivery systems demonstrated a uniform spherical shape, a well-dispersed core-shell structure and a small particle size (149.6 ± 5.1 nm). The crystallographic and thermal analysis has indicated that the BBR dispersed in the PEG–lipid–PLGA NPs matrix is in an amorphous form. More importantly, the enhancement in the oral relative bioavailability of the PEG–lipid–PLGA NPs/BBR–SPC was ∼343% compared with that of BBR. These positive results demonstrated that PEG–lipid–PLGA NPs/BBR–SPC may have the potential for facilitating the oral drug delivery of BBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yu
- a Fujian Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Organ Transplantation Institute, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Mingtao Ao
- b School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University , Xiamen , China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- c Cancer Research Center, Medical College, Xiamen University , Xiamen , China
| | - Nini Li
- d School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Junjie Xia
- a Fujian Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Organ Transplantation Institute, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yang Li
- e Department of Biomaterials , College of Materials , and
| | - Donghui Li
- c Cancer Research Center, Medical College, Xiamen University , Xiamen , China
| | - Zhenqing Hou
- e Department of Biomaterials , College of Materials , and
| | - Zhongquan Qi
- a Fujian Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Organ Transplantation Institute, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiao Dong Chen
- f Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen , China
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Fu D, Yu JY, Connell AR, Yang S, Hookham MB, McLeese R, Lyons TJ. Beneficial Effects of Berberine on Oxidized LDL-Induced Cytotoxicity to Human Retinal Müller Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 57:3369-79. [PMID: 27367504 PMCID: PMC4961062 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-19291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Limited mechanistic understanding of diabetic retinopathy (DR) has hindered therapeutic advances. Berberine, an isoquinolone alkaloid, has shown favorable effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in animal and human studies, but effects on DR are unknown. We previously demonstrated intraretinal extravasation and modification of LDL in human diabetes, and toxicity of modified LDL to human retinal Müller cells. We now explore pathogenic effects of modified LDL on Müller cells, and the efficacy of berberine in mitigating this cytotoxicity. Methods Confluent human Müller cells were exposed to in vitro–modified ‘highly oxidized, glycated (HOG-) LDL versus native-LDL (N-LDL; 200 mg protein/L) for 6 or 24 hours, with/without pretreatment with berberine (5 μM, 1 hour) and/or the adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor, Compound C (5 μM, 1 hour). Using techniques including Western blots, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection assay, and quantitative real-time PCR, the following outcomes were assessed: cell viability (CCK-8 assay), autophagy (LC3, Beclin-1, ATG-5), apoptosis (cleaved caspase 3, cleaved poly-ADP ribose polymerase), oxidative stress (ROS, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, glutathione peroxidase 1, NADPH oxidase 4), angiogenesis (VEGF, pigment epithelium-derived factor), inflammation (inducible nitric oxide synthase, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α), and glial cell activation (glial fibrillary acidic protein). Results Native-LDL had no effect on cultured human Müller cells, but HOG-LDL exhibited marked toxicity, significantly decreasing viability and inducing autophagy, apoptosis, oxidative stress, expression of angiogenic factors, inflammation, and glial cell activation. Berberine attenuated all the effects of HOG-LDL (all P < 0.05), and its effects were mitigated by AMPK inhibition (P < 0.05). Conclusions Berberine inhibits modified LDL-induced Müller cell injury by activating the AMPK pathway, and merits further study as an agent for preventing and/or treating DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Fu
- Centre for Experimental Medicine School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Y Yu
- Centre for Experimental Medicine School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Anna R Connell
- Centre for Experimental Medicine School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Shihe Yang
- Section of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Michelle B Hookham
- Centre for Experimental Medicine School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca McLeese
- Centre for Experimental Medicine School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J Lyons
- Centre for Experimental Medicine School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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Dong S, Zhang R, Liang Y, Shi J, Li J, Shang F, Mao X, Sun J. Changes of myocardial lipidomics profiling in a rat model of diabetic cardiomyopathy using UPLC/Q-TOF/MS analysis. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2017; 9:56. [PMID: 28736579 PMCID: PMC5520292 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-017-0249-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious cardiac dysfunction induced by changes in the structure and contractility of the myocardium that are initiated in part by alterations in energy substrates. The underlying mechanisms of DCM are still under controversial. The observation of lipids, especially lipidomics profiling, can provide an insight into the know the biomarkers of DCM. The aim of our research was to detect changes of myocardial lipidomics profiling in a rat model of diabetic cardiomyopathy. METHODS Diabetic cardiomyopathy was induced by feeding a high-sucrose/fat diet (HSFD) for 28 weeks and streptozotocin (30 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). The ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to quadruple time-of flight (QTOF) mass spectrometer was used to acquire and analyze the lipidomics profiling of myocardial tissue. Meanwhile, parameters of cardiac function were collected using cardiac catheterization, and the cardiac index was calculated, and fasting blood glucose and lipid levels were measured by an ultraviolet spectrophotometric method. RESULTS We detected 3023 positive ion peaks and 300 negative ion peaks. Levels of phosphatidylcholine (PC) (22:6/18:2), PC (22:6/18:1), PC (20:4/16:1), PC (16:1/18:3), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) (20:4/18:2), and PE (20:4/16:0) were down-regulated, and PC (20:2/18:2), PC (18:0/16:0), and PC (20:4/18:0) were up-regulated in DCM model rats, when compared with control rats. Cardiac functions signed as values of left ventricular systolic pressure, maximal uprising velocity of left ventricular pressure and maximal decreasing velocity of left ventricular pressure were injured by 21-44%, and the cardiac index was increased by 25%, and fasting blood glucose and lipids were increased by 34-368%. Meanwhile, the cardiac lipid-related biomarkers have significant correlation with changes of cardiac function and cardiac index. CONCLUSIONS UPLC/Q-TOF/MS analysis data suggested changes of some potential lipid biomarkers in the development of cardiac dysfunction and hypertrophy of diabetic cardiomyopathy, which may serve as potential important targets for clinical diagnosis and therapeutic intervention of DCM in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifen Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Wang Jing Zhong Huan South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102 China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Wang Jing Zhong Huan South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102 China
| | - Yaoyue Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Wang Jing Zhong Huan South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102 China
| | - Jiachen Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Wang Jing Zhong Huan South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102 China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Wang Jing Zhong Huan South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102 China
| | - Fei Shang
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Xuezhou Mao
- Biostatistics and Programming, Sanofi U.S., Bridgewater, NJ 08807 USA
| | - Jianning Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Wang Jing Zhong Huan South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102 China
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Negishi H, Sugahama S, Kawakami A, Kondo J, Nishigaki Y, Yoshikawa M, Ueyama T, Ikeda K. Effect of Angelica acutiloba Extract on Blood flow Regulation in Stroke-prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Nat Prod Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1601101018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa (Yamato Toki) is a herbal medicine known to exhibit various health effects. In this study, we used a rat model to examine the effects of two different Yamato Toki extracts on the blood flow response of the instep of the hind paw. Twelve-week- old male stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) were orally given 200 mg of a water extract of Yamato Toki (n=6), 200 mg of an ethanol extract of Yamato Toki (n = 6), 30 mg/kg of nicardipine (n = 6) as a positive control and saline (n = 6) as a negative control. Blood flow was monitored continuously for 0, 1, 3, 6 and 24 hours after treatment. Rats given 200 mg of the ethanol extract of Yamato Toki demonstrated significantly greater blood flow compared with control rats at 1 hour after treatment. An ethanol extract of Yamato Toki from Nara administrated orally can increase blood flow in SHRSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Negishi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Sari Sugahama
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Ayaka Kawakami
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Junna Kondo
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Yuriko Nishigaki
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | | | - Taketeru Ueyama
- Nara Prefectural Pharmaceutical Research Center, Nara, Japan
| | - Katsumi Ikeda
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
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Imenshahidi M, Hosseinzadeh H. Berberis Vulgaris and Berberine: An Update Review. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1745-1764. [PMID: 27528198 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid present in several plants, including Coptis sp. and Berberis sp. Berberine is a customary component in Chinese medicine, and is characterized by a diversity of pharmacological effects. An extensive search in electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, Wiley, ProQuest, ISI, and Science Direct) were used to identify the pharmacological and clinical studies on Berberis vulgaris and berberine, during 2008 to 2015, using 'berberine' and 'Berberis vulgaris' as search words. We found more than 1200 new article studying the properties and clinical uses of berberine and B. vulgaris, for treating tumor, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, inflammation, bacterial and viral infections, cerebral ischemia trauma, mental disease, Alzheimer disease, osteoporosis, and so on. In this article, we have updated the pharmacological effects of B. vulgaris and its active constituent, berberine. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Imenshahidi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Tao K, Xiao D, Weng J, Xiong A, Kang B, Zeng H. Berberine promotes bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells osteogenic differentiation via canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Toxicol Lett 2016; 240:68-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Pirillo A, Catapano AL. Berberine, a plant alkaloid with lipid- and glucose-lowering properties: From in vitro evidence to clinical studies. Atherosclerosis 2015; 243:449-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kishimoto A, Dong SF, Negishi H, Yasui N, Sun JN, Ikeda K. Effects of Berberine on Adipose Tissues and Kidney Function in 3T3-L1 Cells and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501000914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effect of berberine on adipose tissues, as well as its effect on renal injury in 3T3-L1 cells and spontaneously hypertensive rats. 3T3-L1 cells were cultured and treated with berberine (5–20 μM) from days 3 to 8. Berberine added to the cultured medium could significantly down-regulate transcription factors, including CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, and suppress peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor target genes, such as adipocyte fatty acid binding protein and fatty acid synthase, and inhibit 3T3-L1 fibroblast differentiation to adipocytes. Male spontaneously hypertensive rats received either 150 mg/day of berberine or saline orally for 8 weeks. Compared with the control, berberine-treated rats exhibited significant reductions in body weight gain ( p<0.05), as well as retroperitoneal and mesenteric adipose tissues ( p<0.05). Berberine-treated rats significantly decreased urinary albumin excretion, a marker of renal injury ( p<0.05). Long-term treatment with berberine decreased the adipose tissues weight and attenuated renal injury in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Based on these results, berberine has an important role in regulating adipose tissues. These results suggest the protective effect of berberine on metabolic syndrome related diseases, such as renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Kishimoto
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68, Nishinomiya 663-8179, Japan
| | - Shi-fen Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hiroko Negishi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68, Nishinomiya 663-8179, Japan
| | - Naomi Yasui
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68, Nishinomiya 663-8179, Japan
| | - Jian-ning Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Katsumi Ikeda
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68, Nishinomiya 663-8179, Japan
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Li XY, Zhao ZX, Huang M, Feng R, He CY, Ma C, Luo SH, Fu J, Wen BY, Ren L, Shou JW, Guo F, Chen Y, Gao X, Wang Y, Jiang JD. Effect of Berberine on promoting the excretion of cholesterol in high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic hamsters. J Transl Med 2015; 13:278. [PMID: 26310319 PMCID: PMC4549888 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0629-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Berberine (BBR), as a new medicine for hyperlipidemia, can reduce the blood lipids in patients. Mechanistic studies have shown that BBR activates the extracellular-signal regulated kinase pathway by stabilizing low-density-lipoprotein receptor mRNA. However, aside from inhibiting the intestinal absorption of cholesterol, the effects of BBR on other metabolic pathways of cholesterol have not been reported. This study aimed to investigate the action of BBR on the excretion of cholesterol in high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic hamsters. Methods Golden hamsters were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks to induce hyperlipidemia, followed by oral treatment with 50 and 100 mg/kg/day of BBR or 10 and 30 mg/kg/day of lovastatin for 10 days, respectively. The levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), transaminases, and total bile acid in the serum, liver, bile and feces were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The cholesterol (as well as coprostanol) levels in the liver, bile and feces were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Results The HFD hamsters showed significantly hyperlipidemic characteristics compared with the normal hamsters. Treatment with BBR for 10 days reduced the serum TC, TG and LDL-C levels in HFD hamsters by 44–70, 34–51 and 47–71 %, respectively, and this effect was both dose- and time-dependent. Initially, a large amount of cholesterol accumulated in the hyperlipidemic hamster livers. After BBR treatment, reductions in the liver cholesterol were observed by day 3 and became significant by day 7 at both doses (P < 0.001). Meanwhile, bile cholesterol was elevated by day 3 and significantly increased at day 10 (P < 0.001). BBR promoted cholesterol excretion from the liver into the bile in hyperlipidemic hamsters but not in normal hamsters, and these results provide a link between the cholesterol-lowering effect of BBR with cholesterol excretion into the bile. Conclusions We conclude that BBR significantly promoted the excretion of cholesterol from the liver to the bile in hyperlipidemic hamsters, which led to large decreases in the serum TC, TG and LDL-C levels. Additionally, compared with lovastatin, the BBR treatment produced no obvious side effects on the liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Zhen-Xiong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Min Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Ru Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Chi-Yu He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Chao Ma
- Beijing Analytical Application Center, Shimadzu (China) Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Shi-Heng Luo
- Beijing Analytical Application Center, Shimadzu (China) Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Jie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Bao-Ying Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Long Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Jia-Wen Shou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Fang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Yangchao Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China. .,Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Ragab SMM, Abd Elghaffar SK, El-Metwally TH, Badr G, Mahmoud MH, Omar HM. Effect of a high fat, high sucrose diet on the promotion of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in male rats: the ameliorative role of three natural compounds. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:83. [PMID: 26228038 PMCID: PMC4520282 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0087-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multifactorial disease with a complex pathophysiology. The clinical features of NAFLD include obesity, insulin resistance (IR) and dyslipidemia. Consumption of a diet high in saturated fats and sucrose is an important factor in the increasing occurrence of these metabolic disorders, primarily NAFLD and IR. We sought to assess the role of a high-fat, high-sucrose (HFS) diet in the promotion of NAFLD and to evaluate the effects of quercetin (Q), berberine (BB) and o-coumaric acid (CA) on modulation of these disorders. METHODS Fifty male rats were divided into 2 main groups as follows: group 1 comprised 10 rats fed a standard diet (SD), and group 2 comprised 40 rats fed an HFS diet for 6 weeks and then subdivided equally into 4 groups; one of these groups served as the HFS diet and each of the other three groups received daily supplementation with either Q, CA or BB for 6 weeks. RESULTS In the present study, several metabolic disorders were induced in our laboratory animal model, as evidenced by histological and biochemical changes. These alterations included serum and hepatic dyslipidemia (i.e., increased triglyceride, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels and decreased high-density lipoprotein levels), alterations in metabolic enzyme activities (lipase, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase), histological changes in the liver (micro- and macrovesicular steatosis) and the downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in adipose tissue and the liver. Daily oral supplementation with Q, CA or BB for 6 weeks after NAFLD induction had a hypolipidemic action and modulated metabolic markers. CONCLUSION We showed that an HFS diet is able to promote NAFLD, and our results suggest that CA and BB are promising complementary supplements that can ameliorate the metabolic disorders associated with an HFS diet; however, Q requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohair M M Ragab
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
| | - Sary Kh Abd Elghaffar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Tarek H El-Metwally
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Gamal Badr
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed H Mahmoud
- Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. .,Food Science and Nutrition Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Hossam M Omar
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
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Dong SF, Yasui N, Negishi H, Kishimoto A, Sun JN, Ikeda K. Increased Oxidative Stress in Cultured 3T3-L1 Cells was Attenuated by Berberine Treatment. Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501000626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The 3T3-L1 cell line is one of the most well-characterized and reliable models for studying adipocytes. Increased oxidative stress in accumulated fat was found in 3T3-L1 cells. Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, could suppress fat deposition in 3T3-L1 cells; however, whether berberine suppresses increased oxidative stress is not well known. In this study, we observed the effect of berberine on increased oxidative stress in 3T3-L1 cells. 3T3-L1 cells were cultured and treated with berberine (5–20μM) from day 3 to day 8. We confirmed that berberine markedly inhibited fat accumulation and lipid droplets in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and decreased triglyceride content. Berberine inhibited increased oxidative stress in 3T3-L1 cells by suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and increased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) gene expression and GPx activity. Berberine also markedly reduced adipokines secreted by adipocytes, including leptin and resistin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Fen Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Naomi Yasui
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11–68, Nishinomiya 663–8179, Japan
| | - Hiroko Negishi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11–68, Nishinomiya 663–8179, Japan
| | - Aya Kishimoto
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11–68, Nishinomiya 663–8179, Japan
| | - Jian-Ning Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Katsumi Ikeda
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11–68, Nishinomiya 663–8179, Japan
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Therapeutic potential of berberine against neurodegenerative diseases. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2015; 58:564-9. [PMID: 25749423 PMCID: PMC5823536 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-015-4829-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Berberine (BBR) is an organic small molecule isolated from various plants that have been used in traditional Chinese medicine. Isolation of this compound was its induction into modern medicine, and its usefulness became quickly apparent as seen in its ability to combat bacterial diarrhea, type 2 diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, inflammation, heart diseases, and more. However, BBR’s effects on neurodegenerative diseases remained relatively unexplored until its ability to stunt Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression was characterized. In this review, we will delve into the multi-faceted defensive capabilities and bio-molecular pathways of BBR against AD, Parkinson’s disease (PD), and trauma-induced neurodegeneration. The multiple effects of BBR, some of which enhance neuro-protective factors/pathways and others counteract targets that induce neurodegeneration, suggest that there are many more branches to the diverse capabilities of BBR that have yet to be uncovered. The promising results seen provide a convincing and substantial basis to support further scientific exploration and development of the therapeutic potential of BBR against neurodegenerative diseases.
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Srivastava S, Srivastava M, Misra A, Pandey G, Rawat AKS. A review on biological and chemical diversity in Berberis (Berberidaceae). EXCLI JOURNAL 2015; 14:247-67. [PMID: 26535033 PMCID: PMC4614447 DOI: 10.17179/excli2014-399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Berberis is an important genus and well known in the Indian as well as European systems of traditional medicine. It is used since ancient times for curing eye disease, fever, jaundice, rheumatism, vomiting during pregnancy, kidney and gall balder stones and various other ailments due to the presence of biologically active alkaloid berberine. Action of the root extracts of few species are believed to be as powerful as quinine in the treatment of malarial fever. A plethora of literature pertaining to the taxonomy, biology, chemistry, traditional and ethnic uses of Berberis in different countries and indigenous cultures was collected by both offline (library, journals, textbooks etc.) and online mode (electronic search of available databases). In addition to this, books on traditional medicine and ethno pharmacological knowledge were also referred to extract ancient uses of Berberis in different traditional medicine systems. Most of the folklore, traditional and ethno botanical claims about Berberis species were validated by broad spectrum in vitro and vivo pharmacological studies. The present article summarizes its usage in eye and liver disorder, fever, kidney and gall stones along with anticancer activity. This comprehensive review will not only help researchers for further evaluation but also provide substantial information for future exploitation of species to develop novel herbal formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharad Srivastava
- Pharmacognosy and Ethno pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Manjoosha Srivastava
- Pharmacognosy and Ethno pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Ankita Misra
- Pharmacognosy and Ethno pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Garima Pandey
- Pharmacognosy and Ethno pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - AKS Rawat
- Pharmacognosy and Ethno pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
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Visnagri A, Kandhare AD, Bodhankar SL. Renoprotective effect of berberine via intonation on apoptosis and mitochondrial-dependent pathway in renal ischemia reperfusion-induced mutilation. Ren Fail 2015; 37:482-93. [DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2014.996843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Li XX, Li CB, Xiao J, Gao HQ, Wang HW, Zhang XY, Zhang C, Ji XP. Berberine Attenuates Vascular Remodeling and Inflammation in a Rat Model of Metabolic Syndrome. Biol Pharm Bull 2015; 38:862-8. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b14-00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xing Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University
- Department of Geriatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University
| | - Chuan-Bao Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University
- Department of Emergency, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University
| | - Jie Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University
| | - Hai-Qing Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University
| | - He-Wen Wang
- Department of Paediatrics, Rizhao People’s Hospital
| | - Xin-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University
| | - Xiao-Ping Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University
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Chen K, Li G, Geng F, Zhang Z, Li J, Yang M, Dong L, Gao F. Berberine reduces ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial apoptosis via activating AMPK and PI3K-Akt signaling in diabetic rats. Apoptosis 2014; 19:946-57. [PMID: 24664781 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-0977-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Berberine (BBR), an isoquinoline alkaloid used in Chinese medicine, exerts anti-diabetic effect by lowering blood glucose and regulating lipid metabolism. It has been reported that BBR decreases mortality in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. However, the molecular mechanisms of these beneficial effects are incompletely understood. In the present study, we sought to determine whether BBR exerts cardioprotective effect against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in diabetic rats and the underlying mechanisms. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with low dose streptozotocin and fed with a high-fat diet for 12 weeks to induce diabetes. The diabetic rats were intragastrically administered with saline or BBR (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/d) starting from week 9 to 12. At the end of week 12, all rats were subjected to 30 min of myocardial ischemia and 3 h of reperfusion. BBR significantly improved the recovery of cardiac systolic/diastolic function and reduced myocardial apoptosis in diabetic rats subjected to myocardial I/R. Furthermore, in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, BBR (50 μmol/L) reduced hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced myocardial apoptosis, increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio and decreased caspase-3 expression, together with enhanced activation of PI3K-Akt and increased adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and eNOS phosphorylation. Pretreatment with either PI3K/Akt inhibitor wortmannin or AMPK inhibitor Compound C blunted the anti-apoptotic effect of BBR. Our findings demonstrate that BBR exerts anti-apoptotic effect and improves cardiac functional recovery following myocardial I/R via activating AMPK and PI3K-Akt-eNOS signaling in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Chen
- Department of Physiology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
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Anti-hyperlipidemic and Anti-oxidative Effects of Gelsemine in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Rabbits. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 71:337-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0203-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Tan XS, Ma JY, Feng R, Ma C, Chen WJ, Sun YP, Fu J, Huang M, He CY, Shou JW, He WY, Wang Y, Jiang JD. Tissue distribution of berberine and its metabolites after oral administration in rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77969. [PMID: 24205048 PMCID: PMC3815028 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine (BBR) has been confirmed to have multiple bioactivities in clinic, such as cholesterol-lowering, anti-diabetes, cardiovascular protection and anti- inflammation. However, BBR's plasma level is very low; it cannot explain its pharmacological effects in patients. We consider that the in vivo distribution of BBR as well as of its bioactive metabolites might provide part of the explanation for this question. In this study, liquid chromatography coupled to ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/MS(n)-IT-TOF) as well as liquid chromatography that coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used for the study of tissue distribution and pharmacokinetics of BBR in rats after oral administration (200 mg/kg). The results indicated that BBR was quickly distributed in the liver, kidneys, muscle, lungs, brain, heart, pancreas and fat in a descending order of its amount. The pharmacokinetic profile indicated that BBR's level in most of studied tissues was higher (or much higher) than that in plasma 4 h after administration. BBR remained relatively stable in the tissues like liver, heart, brain, muscle, pancreas etc. Organ distribution of BBR's metabolites was also investigated paralleled with that of BBR. Thalifendine (M1), berberrubine (M2) and jatrorrhizine (M4), which the metabolites with moderate bioactivity, were easily detected in organs like the liver and kidney. For instance, M1, M2 and M4 were the major metabolites in the liver, among which the percentage of M2 was up to 65.1%; the level of AUC (0-t) (area under the concentration-time curve) for BBR or the metabolites in the liver was 10-fold or 30-fold higher than that in plasma, respectively. In summary, the organ concentration of BBR (as well as its bioactive metabolites) was higher than its concentration in the blood after oral administration. It might explain BBR's pharmacological effects on human diseases in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Shan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Yi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ru Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Peng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Min Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chi-Yu He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Wen Shou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Yi He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (YW); (JDJ)
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (YW); (JDJ)
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Cai Z, Yan Y, Wang Y. Minocycline alleviates beta-amyloid protein and tau pathology via restraining neuroinflammation induced by diabetic metabolic disorder. Clin Interv Aging 2013; 8:1089-95. [PMID: 23983461 PMCID: PMC3749817 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s46536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compelling evidence has shown that diabetic metabolic disorder plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, including increased expression of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) and tau protein. Evidence has supported that minocycline, a tetracycline derivative, protects against neuroinflammation induced by neurodegenerative disorders or cerebral ischemia. This study has evaluated minocycline influence on expression of Aβ protein, tau phosphorylation, and inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α) in the brain of diabetic rats to clarify neuroprotection by minocycline under diabetic metabolic disorder. METHOD An animal model of diabetes was established by high fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin. In this study, we investigated the effect of minocycline on expression of Aβ protein, tau phosphorylation, and inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α) in the hippocampus of diabetic rats via immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS These results showed that minocycline decreased expression of Aβ protein and lowered the phosphorylation of tau protein, and retarded the proinflammatory cytokines, but not amyloid precursor protein. CONCLUSION On the basis of the finding that minocycline had no influence on amyloid precursor protein and beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 which determines the speed of Aβ generation, the decreases in Aβ production and tau hyperphosphorylation by minocycline are through inhibiting neuroinflammation, which contributes to Aβ production and tau hyperphosphorylation. Minocycline may also lower the self-perpetuating cycle between neuroinflammation and the pathogenesis of tau and Aβ to act as a neuroprotector. Therefore, the ability of minocycline to modulate inflammatory reactions may be of great importance in the selection of neuroprotective agents, especially in chronic conditions like diabetes and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyou Cai
- Department of Neurology, the Lu'an Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an People's Hospital, Lu'an, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang X, Wu C, Wu H, Sheng L, Su Y, Zhang X, Luan H, Sun G, Sun X, Tian Y, Ji Y, Guo P, Xu X. Anti-hyperlipidemic effects and potential mechanisms of action of the caffeoylquinic acid-rich Pandanus tectorius fruit extract in hamsters fed a high fat-diet. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61922. [PMID: 23613974 PMCID: PMC3628350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is considered to be one of the greatest risk factors contributing to the prevalence and severity of cardiovascular diseases. In this work, we investigated the anti-hyperlipidemic effect and potential mechanism of action of the Pandanus tectorius fruit extract in hamsters fed a high fat-diet (HFD). The n-butanol fraction of the P. tectorius fruit ethanol extract (PTF-b) was rich in caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs). Administration of PTF-b for 4 weeks effectively decreased retroperitoneal fat and the serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) and hepatic TC and TG. The lipid signals (fatty acids, and cholesterol) in the liver as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were correspondingly reduced. Realtime quantitative PCR showed that the mRNA levels of PPARα and PPARα-regulated genes such as ACO, CPT1, LPL and HSL were largely enhanced by PTF-b. The transcription of LDLR, CYP7A1, and PPARγ was also upregulated. Treatment with PTF-b significantly stimulated the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as well as the activity of serum and hepatic lipoprotein lipase (LPL). Together, these results suggest that administration of the PTF-b enriched in CQAs moderates hyperlipidemia and improves the liver lipid profile. These effects may be caused, at least in part, by increasing the expression of PPARα and its downstream genes and by upregulation of LPL and AMPK activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopo Zhang
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chongming Wu
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haifeng Wu
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yan Su
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Research Centre on Life Sciences and Environment Sciences, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Research Centre on Life Sciences and Environment Sciences, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Hong Luan
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Research Centre on Life Sciences and Environment Sciences, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Guibo Sun
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yubin Ji
- Research Centre on Life Sciences and Environment Sciences, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (PG); (XX)
| | - Xudong Xu
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (PG); (XX)
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Chen XW, Di YM, Zhang J, Zhou ZW, Li CG, Zhou SF. Interaction of herbal compounds with biological targets: a case study with berberine. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:708292. [PMID: 23213296 PMCID: PMC3504405 DOI: 10.1100/2012/708292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Berberine is one of the main alkaloids found in the Chinese herb Huang lian (Rhizoma Coptidis), which has been reported to have multiple pharmacological activities. This study aimed to analyze the molecular targets of berberine based on literature data followed by a pathway analysis using the PANTHER program. PANTHER analysis of berberine targets showed that the most classes of molecular functions include receptor binding, kinase activity, protein binding, transcription activity, DNA binding, and kinase regulator activity. Based on the biological process classification of in vitro berberine targets, those targets related to signal transduction, intracellular signalling cascade, cell surface receptor-linked signal transduction, cell motion, cell cycle control, immunity system process, and protein metabolic process are most frequently involved. In addition, berberine was found to interact with a mixture of biological pathways, such as Alzheimer's disease-presenilin and -secretase pathways, angiogenesis, apoptosis signalling pathway, FAS signalling pathway, Hungtington disease, inflammation mediated by chemokine and cytokine signalling pathways, interleukin signalling pathway, and p53 pathways. We also explored the possible mechanism of action for the anti-diabetic effect of berberine. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the mechanisms of action of berberine using systems biology approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Southern Medical University, Shunde, Guangdong 528300, China
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Cao Y, Bei W, Hu Y, Cao L, Huang L, Wang L, Luo D, Chen Y, Yao X, He W, Liu X, Guo J. Hypocholesterolemia of Rhizoma Coptidis alkaloids is related to the bile acid by up-regulated CYP7A1 in hyperlipidemic rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 19:686-692. [PMID: 22554715 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study is to investigate the cholesterol-lowering effect and the new mode of action of coptis alkaloids on high lipid diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Coptis alkaloids extract (CAE) was prepared by alcohol extraction from Rhizoma Coptidis that have been quality-controlled according to the protocol. The cholesterol-lowering effect of CAE was evaluated on SD rats fed with high-lipid diet. Serum level of lipid, Bile acid and cholesterol in the liver and feces of the rats were measured using colorimetric assay kit. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to analyze the mRNA and protein expression of cholesterol metabolism-related genes including cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα) and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in the livers of the rats. A HPLC analysis was used to assess the activity of CYP7A1. The results showed that CAE reduced the levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). CYP7A1 gene expression and its activity was up-regulated dose-dependently accompanying with the increased level of bile acid and the reduced cholesterol level in the livers of the CAE treated hyperlipidemic rats. Meanwhile, the mRNA expression of PPARα was also up-regulated in dose-dependent way accompanying the down-modulation of the FXR mRNA expression in the livers of the CAE treated hyperlipidemic rats. The results indicate that the cholesterol-lowering effect of coptis alkaloid extract is at least partly attributed to its promoting the cholesterol conversion into bile acids by up-regulating the gene expression of CYP7A1 and thus increasing its activity in the liver of the hyperlipidemic rats, which might related to the positive regulation of PPARα and the negative modulation of FXR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cao
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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