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Chen J, Chen W, Zhang J, Zhao H, Cui J, Wu J, Shi A. Dual effects of endogenous formaldehyde on the organism and drugs for its removal. J Appl Toxicol 2024; 44:798-817. [PMID: 37766419 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous formaldehyde (FA) is produced in the human body via various mechanisms to preserve healthy energy metabolism and safeguard the organism. However, endogenous FA can have several negative effects on the body through epigenetic alterations, including cancer growth promotion; neuronal, hippocampal and endothelial damages; atherosclerosis acceleration; haemopoietic stem cell destruction and haemopoietic cell production reduction. Certain medications with antioxidant effects, such as glutathione, vitamin E, resveratrol, alpha lipoic acid and polyphenols, lessen the detrimental effects of endogenous FA by reducing oxidative stress, directly scavenging endogenous FA or promoting its degradation. This study offers fresh perspectives for managing illnesses associated with endogenous FA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Wenhui Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Jinjia Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Ji Cui
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Junzi Wu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Department of Basic Medical, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Anhua Shi
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Department of Basic Medical, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
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Oskuye ZZ, Mehri K, Mokhtari B, Bafadam S, Nemati S, Badalzadeh R. Cardioprotective effect of antioxidant combination therapy: A highlight on MitoQ plus alpha-lipoic acid beneficial impact on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in aged rats. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28158. [PMID: 38524576 PMCID: PMC10957437 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective (s): Considering the poor prognosis of ischemic heart disease and the diminished effectiveness of cardioprotective interventions in the elderly, it becomes necessary to investigate the interaction of aging with protection during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). This study was conducted to assess the impact of mitoquinone (MitoQ) and alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) preconditioning on cardioprotection following IRI in aged rats. Methods Fifty aged male Wistar rats (22-24 months old) were divided into five groups including Sham, IR, and treatment groups receiving ALA and/or MitoQ. Treatment groups were received 100 mg/kg/day ALA by oral gavage and/or 10 mg/kg/day MitoQ by intraperitoneal injection for 14 consecutive days. An in vivo model of myocardial IRI was established through ligation of coronary artery for 30 min and it's reopening for 24 h. The left ventricles were removed at the end of reperfusion to assess oxidative stress indicators, mitochondrial function, and expression of mitochondrial dynamic genes. Myocardial infarct size (IS), hemodynamic parameters, and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level were also measured. Results Combination of MitoQ and ALA reduced oxidative stress, LDH level, and IS in aged hearts subjected to IRI. It also enhanced mitochondrial function and upregulated Mfn1, Mfn2, and Foxo1 and downregulated Drp1 and Fis1 gene expression. Co-administration of MitoQ and ALA partially restored IRI-induced hemodynamic changes to normal state. In all measured parameters, the effect of combined treatment was greater than monotherapies. Conclusion The combination therapy of MitoQ and ALA demonstrated considerable therapeutic potential in protecting the aging heart against IRI by improving oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and dynamics in aged rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Zavvari Oskuye
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Keyvan Mehri
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Behnaz Mokhtari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Soleyman Bafadam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Samira Nemati
- Physiology Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Reza Badalzadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Zhang J, Guo Y, Zhao X, Pang J, Pan C, Wang J, Wei S, Yu X, Zhang C, Chen Y, Yin H, Xu F. The role of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 in cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2023; 20:495-509. [PMID: 36781974 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00839-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is a mitochondrial enzyme involved in the detoxification of alcohol-derived acetaldehyde and endogenous aldehydes. The inactivating ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism, present in up to 8% of the global population and in up to 50% of the East Asian population, is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular conditions such as coronary artery disease, alcohol-induced cardiac dysfunction, pulmonary arterial hypertension, heart failure and drug-induced cardiotoxicity. Although numerous studies have attributed an accumulation of aldehydes (secondary to alcohol consumption, ischaemia or elevated oxidative stress) to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), this accumulation alone does not explain the emerging protective role of ALDH2 rs671 against ageing-related cardiac dysfunction and the development of aortic aneurysm or dissection. ALDH2 can also modulate risk factors associated with atherosclerosis, such as cholesterol biosynthesis and HDL biogenesis in hepatocytes and foam cell formation and efferocytosis in macrophages, via non-enzymatic pathways. In this Review, we summarize the basic biology and the clinical relevance of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic, tissue-specific roles of ALDH2 in CVD, and discuss the future directions in the research and development of therapeutic strategies targeting ALDH2. A thorough understanding of the complex roles of ALDH2 in CVD will improve the diagnosis, management and prognosis of patients with CVD who harbour the ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chest Pain Center, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Yunyun Guo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chest Pain Center, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangkai Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chest Pain Center, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Jiaojiao Pang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chest Pain Center, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Chang Pan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chest Pain Center, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chest Pain Center, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Shujian Wei
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chest Pain Center, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
- Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Yuguo Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chest Pain Center, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China.
| | - Huiyong Yin
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chest Pain Center, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China.
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Wu SY, Chu SJ, Tang SE, Pao HP, Liao WI. Alda-1 ameliorates air embolism-induced acute lung injury. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2023; 37:3946320231223005. [PMID: 38113877 PMCID: PMC10734354 DOI: 10.1177/03946320231223005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence suggests that aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) offers protection against damage caused by oxidative stress in diverse rodent models. Nonetheless, the effect of Alda-1, a compound that activates ALDH2, on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by air embolism (AE) remains unclear. The objective of this study was to explore the protective effects of Alda-1 in ALI induced by AE. METHODS A rat model of in situ isolated perfused lung was established to investigate AE-induced ALI. Air was infused into the pulmonary artery at 0.25 mL/min for 1 minute. Before inducing AE, different doses (10, 20, or 30 mg/kg) of Alda-1 were given through intraperitoneal injection. Pathological changes in lung tissue were assessed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. We performed Western blot analysis to assess the protein levels of ALDH2,4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (4-HNE), Bcl-2, caspase-3, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, IκB-α, and nuclear NF-κB. RESULTS Notably, AE results were demonstrated as harmful to the lungs, which is evidenced by intensified lung edema and disruption of lung tissue structure. Furthermore, AE caused a decrease in ALDH2 expression, increased accumulation of 4-HNE and MDA, infiltration of neutrophils, increased production of inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis, and upregulation of the PI3K/Akt and NF-κB signaling pathways within the lungs. Administration of a 20 mg/kg dose of Alda-1 alleviated the detrimental effects induced by AE. CONCLUSION Alda-1 shows promise in mitigating AE-induced ALI, possibly through the upregulation of ALDH2 expression and suppression of the PI3K/Akt and NF-κB signaling pathways. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and to explore their translational potential in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yu Wu
- Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Jye Chu
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-En Tang
- Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ping Pao
- The Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-I Liao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Liu R, Huang SS, Shi H, Chang S, Ge J. Alpha-lipoic acid protects against aortic aneurysm and dissection by improving vascular smooth muscle cell function. Life Sci 2022; 311:121159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Qi B, Zheng Y, Gao W, Qi Z, Gong Y, Liu Y, Wang Y, Cheng X, Ning M, Lang Y, Feng J, Li T. Alpha-lipoic acid impedes myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, myocardial apoptosis, and oxidative stress by regulating HMGB1 expression. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 933:175295. [PMID: 36152839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis contribute to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/RI). Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) plays a critical role in I/RI by impeding apoptosis and inflammation. Here, we aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms of ALA after I/RI. METHODS The left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was ligated, and H9c2 cells were exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) to establish an I/RI model. Prior to this, H9c2 cells and rats were treated using an appropriate amount of ALA. The cardiac function, inflammatory factors, and myocardial pathology were assessed in vitro. We detected cell viability, apoptosis, and oxidative stress-related factors in vivo. Moreover, proteins of the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway were detected both in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS We observed that ALA increased cell viability in vitro and decreased apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. ALA inhibited reactive oxygen species production, decreased malondialdehyde, and increased superoxide dismutase activity to resist oxidative stress in vitro. ALA also reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) in vivo. ALA also suppressed the levels of the apoptotic protein, Bax, and increased the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we observed that ALA significantly inhibited the cytoplasmic localization of HMGB1, which might attenuate MI/RI or H/R via HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB pathway. CONCLUSION ALA regulates HMGB1 translocation and attenuates I/R via the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, thus impeding apoptosis, oxidation, and inflammation, and might be a potential target for myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingcai Qi
- Department of Heart Center, The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300170, China; Department of Heart Center, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China; Nankai University Affiliated Third Center Hospital, No. 83, Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China; Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yue Zheng
- Department of Heart Center, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China; School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Nankai University Affiliated Third Center Hospital, No. 83, Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China; Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenqing Gao
- Department of Heart Center, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China; Nankai University Affiliated Third Center Hospital, No. 83, Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China; Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China.
| | - Zhenchang Qi
- Department of Heart Center, The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300170, China; Department of Heart Center, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China; Nankai University Affiliated Third Center Hospital, No. 83, Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China; Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Yijie Gong
- Department of Heart Center, The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300170, China; Department of Heart Center, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China; Nankai University Affiliated Third Center Hospital, No. 83, Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China; Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanwu Liu
- Department of Heart Center, The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300170, China; Department of Heart Center, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China; Nankai University Affiliated Third Center Hospital, No. 83, Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China; Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuchao Wang
- Department of Heart Center, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China; School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Nankai University Affiliated Third Center Hospital, No. 83, Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China; Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Xian Cheng
- Department of Heart Center, The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300170, China; Department of Heart Center, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China; Nankai University Affiliated Third Center Hospital, No. 83, Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China; Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Ning
- Department of Heart Center, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China; Nankai University Affiliated Third Center Hospital, No. 83, Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China; Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuheng Lang
- Department of Heart Center, The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300170, China; Department of Heart Center, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China; Nankai University Affiliated Third Center Hospital, No. 83, Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China; Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianyu Feng
- Department of Heart Center, The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300170, China; Department of Heart Center, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China; Nankai University Affiliated Third Center Hospital, No. 83, Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China; Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Heart Center, The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300170, China; Department of Heart Center, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China; School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Nankai University Affiliated Third Center Hospital, No. 83, Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China; Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China.
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Alpha-Lipoic Acid Protects Against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity by Regulating Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2022; 22:879-891. [PMID: 35930219 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-022-09766-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
As a widely used anti-tumor anthracycline, the accumulation of Doxorubicin (DOX) in body causes irreparable cardiomyocyte damage and therefore is limited in clinical application. Strategies to prevent from DOX-associated cardiotoxicity are urgent for patients who undergo DOX-based chemotherapy. Since oxidative stress injury being the major reason for myocardial toxicity of DOX, here we demonstrated that, Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), which is a reductive agent, plays a cardioprotective role in attenuating DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) expression. In vivo, the beneficial effect of ALA was evidenced by increased survival rate, mechanical contraction, and oxidative phosphorylation, while decreased reactive oxidative species (ROS) and apoptosis. In vitro, PDK4 overexpression remarkably increased DOX-induced apoptosis and ROS production in H9C2 cells. Notably, the protective effect of ALA was abrogated by PDK4 overexpression. We further used PDK4 knockout mice to identify the role of PDK4 in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Results elicited that PDK4 deficiency showed a consistent effect in protecting DOX cardiotoxicity as ALA treatment, which was evidenced by restored redox homeostasis and mitochondrial metabolism, finally inhibited myocardial injury. In conclusion, the cardioprotective role of ALA against DOX cardiotoxicity was dependent on PDK4-mediated regulation of oxidative stress and mitochondria metabolism.
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Gholami S, Mokhtari B, Badalzadeh R. Alpha-lipoic acid potentiates the anti-arrhythmic effects of ischemic postconditioning in the setting of cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetic rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022; 21:707-716. [PMID: 35673476 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-01034-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Prevention of lethal ventricular arrhythmias induced by myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in diabetic patients is the major goal of cardioprotective strategies. Here, we aimed to examine the anti-arrhythmic effect of ischemic postconditioning (IPostC) and alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) in myocardial I/R injury of type-II diabetic rats, focusing on the involvement of connexin-43 and nitric oxide (NO) in this context. Methods Diabetes (duration of 12 weeks) was induced by high-fat diet and low dose of streptozotocin in thirty male Wistar rats (12 weeks old, 200-250 g). After mounting the hearts on the Langendorff apparatus, I/R was induced by the ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery for 35 min, and reperfusion for 60 min. ALA (100 mg/kg/day) was administered orally in diabetic rats for five weeks before I/R. IPostC was applied immediately at early reperfusion. The arrhythmias were evaluated according to the Lambeth convention. Connexin-43 expression and NO levels were assessed by western blotting and Griess calorimetric method, respectively. Results IPostC could not significantly decrease the number, duration, and incidence of premature ventricular contraction, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation, also the severity of arrhythmias in diabetic hearts. However, IPostC in combination with ALA-preconditioning significantly decreased the above mentioned parameters compared with untreated or monotherapies-received diabetic rats (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001). Furthermore, this combination therapy significantly increased connexin-43 expression and NO levels, compared with untreated diabetic rats (P < 0.01). Conclusion Preconditioning with ALA restored anti-arrhythmic effect of IPostC in diabetic hearts. Increased connexin-43 expression and NO levels may be the key players in this cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Gholami
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Behnaz Mokhtari
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Reza Badalzadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran.,Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
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9
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Mao Y, Ren J, Yang L. FUN14 Domain Containing 1 (FUNDC1): A Promising Mitophagy Receptor Regulating Mitochondrial Homeostasis in Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:887045. [PMID: 35645834 PMCID: PMC9136072 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.887045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, the intracellular organelles for cellular aerobic respiration and energy production, play an important role in the regulation of cell metabolism and cell fate. Mitophagy, a selective form of autophagy, maintains dynamic homeostasis of cells through targeting long-lived or defective mitochondria for timely clearance and recycling. Dysfunction in mitophagy is involved in the molecular mechanism responsible for the onset and development of human diseases. FUN14 domain containing 1 (FUNDC1) is a mitochondrial receptor located in the outer mitochondria membrane (OMM) to govern mitophagy process. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that levels and phosphorylation states of FUNDC1 are closely related to the occurrence, progression and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases, indicating a novel role for this mitophagy receptor in the regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis in cardiovascular system. Here we review mitophagy mediated by FUNDC1 in mitochondria and its role in various forms of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- *Correspondence: Jun Ren, ; Lifang Yang,
| | - Lifang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xi’an Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Ren, ; Lifang Yang,
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10
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Gao J, Hao Y, Piao X, Gu X. Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 as a Therapeutic Target in Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases: Post-Translational Modifications Deserve More Attention. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052682. [PMID: 35269824 PMCID: PMC8910853 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) has both dehydrogenase and esterase activity; its dehydrogenase activity is closely related to the metabolism of aldehydes produced under oxidative stress (OS). In this review, we recapitulate the enzyme activity of ALDH2 in combination with its protein structure, summarize and show the main mechanisms of ALDH2 participating in metabolism of aldehydes in vivo as comprehensively as possible; we also integrate the key regulatory mechanisms of ALDH2 participating in a variety of physiological and pathological processes related to OS, including tissue and organ fibrosis, apoptosis, aging, and nerve injury-related diseases. On this basis, the regulatory effects and application prospects of activators, inhibitors, and protein post-translational modifications (PTMs, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, S-nitrosylation, nitration, ubiquitination, and glycosylation) on ALDH2 are discussed and prospected. Herein, we aimed to lay a foundation for further research into the mechanism of ALDH2 in oxidative stress-related disease and provide a basis for better use of the ALDH2 function in research and the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.G.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yue Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.G.); (Y.H.)
| | - Xiangshu Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Xianhong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.G.); (Y.H.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Effects of Lipoic Acid on Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5093216. [PMID: 34650663 PMCID: PMC8510805 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5093216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury often occurred in some pathologies and surgeries. I/R injury not only harmed to physiological functions of corresponding organ and tissue but also induced multiple tissue or organ dysfunctions (even these in distant locations). Although the reperfusion of blood attenuated I/R injury to a certain degree, the risk of secondary damages was difficult to be controlled and it even caused failures of these tissues and organs. Lipoic acid (LA), as an endogenous active substance and a functional agent in food, owns better safety and effects in our body (e.g., enhancing antioxidant activity, improving cognition and dementia, controlling weight, and preventing multiple sclerosis, diabetes complication, and cancer). The literature searching was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and SCOPUS from inception to 20 May 2021. It had showed that endogenous LA was exhausted in the process of I/R, which further aggravated I/R injury. Thus, supplements with LA timely (especially pretreatments) may be the prospective way to prevent I/R injury. Recently, studies had demonstrated that LA supplements significantly attenuated I/R injuries of many organs, though clinic investigations were short at present. Hence, it was urgent to summarize these progresses about the effects of LA on different I/R organs as well as the potential mechanisms, which would enlighten further investigations and prepare for clinic applications in the future.
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12
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Mauerhofer C, Grumet L, Schemmer P, Leber B, Stiegler P. Combating Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury with Micronutrients and Natural Compounds during Solid Organ Transplantation: Data of Clinical Trials and Lessons of Preclinical Findings. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910675. [PMID: 34639016 PMCID: PMC8508760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although extended donor criteria grafts bear a higher risk of complications such as graft dysfunction, the exceeding demand requires to extent the pool of potential donors. The risk of complications is highly associated with ischemia-reperfusion injury, a condition characterized by high loads of oxidative stress exceeding antioxidative defense mechanisms. The antioxidative properties, along with other beneficial effects like anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic or antiarrhythmic effects of several micronutrients and natural compounds, have recently emerged increasing research interest resulting in various preclinical and clinical studies. Preclinical studies reported about ameliorated oxidative stress and inflammatory status, resulting in improved graft survival. Although the majority of clinical studies confirmed these results, reporting about improved recovery and superior organ function, others failed to do so. Yet, only a limited number of micronutrients and natural compounds have been investigated in a (large) clinical trial. Despite some ambiguous clinical results and modest clinical data availability, the vast majority of convincing animal and in vitro data, along with low cost and easy availability, encourage the conductance of future clinical trials. These should implement insights gained from animal data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Mauerhofer
- Department of Science and Product Development, pro medico HandelsGmbH, Liebenauer Tangente 6, 8041 Graz, Austria; (C.M.); (L.G.)
| | - Lukas Grumet
- Department of Science and Product Development, pro medico HandelsGmbH, Liebenauer Tangente 6, 8041 Graz, Austria; (C.M.); (L.G.)
| | - Peter Schemmer
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University, 8036 Graz, Austria; (P.S.); (B.L.)
| | - Bettina Leber
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University, 8036 Graz, Austria; (P.S.); (B.L.)
| | - Philipp Stiegler
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University, 8036 Graz, Austria; (P.S.); (B.L.)
- Correspondence: (P.S.)
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Artemether confers neuroprotection on cerebral ischemic injury through stimulation of the Erk1/2-P90rsk-CREB signaling pathway. Redox Biol 2021; 46:102069. [PMID: 34303216 PMCID: PMC8327154 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability among adults. Despite the economic burden of the disease, available treatment options are still very limited. With the exception of anti-thrombolytics and hypothermia, current therapies fail to reduce neuronal injury, neurological deficits and mortality rates, suggesting that the development of novel and more effective therapies against ischemic stroke is urgent. In the present study, we found that artemether, which has been used in the clinic as an anti-malarial drug, was able to improve the neurological deficits, attenuate the infarction volume and the brain water content in a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) animal model. Furthermore, artemether treatment significantly suppressed cell apoptosis, stimulated cell proliferation and promoted the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), P90rsk and cAMP responsive element-binding protein (CREB). Artemether protective effect was attenuated by PD98059, an ERK1/2 inhibitor, administration. Similarly, in oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/RP) cell models, artemether pre-treatment induced the suppression of the intracellular ROS, the down-regulation of LDH activity, the reduction of caspase 3 activity and of the apoptosis cell rate and reversed the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential. As with MCAO animal model, artemether promoted the activation of Erk1/2-P90rsk-CREB signaling pathway. This effect was blocked by the inhibition or knock-down of ERK1/2. The present study provides evidences of the neuroprotective effect of artemether unravelling its potential as a new therapeutic candidate for the prevention and treatment of stroke. Artemether conferred neuroprotection in a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) animal model. Artemether conferred neuroprotection on oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced cell injury model. Artemether promoted the activation of Erk1/2-P90rsk-CREB signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo.
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14
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SUPPORT-1 (Subjects Undergoing PCI and Perioperative Reperfusion Treatment): A Prospective, Randomized Trial of CMX-2043 in Patients Undergoing Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 76:189-196. [PMID: 32769849 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The natural molecule α-lipoic acid has been shown to be partially cytoprotective through antioxidant and antiapoptotic mechanisms. To obtain an initial assessment of the safety and potential efficacy of a synthetic derivative, CMX-2043, in preventing ischemic complications of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) we conducted the Subjects Undergoing PCI and Perioperative Reperfusion Treatment (SUPPORT-1) trial, the first patient experience with this agent. METHODS AND RESULTS SUPPORT-1 was a phase 2a, 6-center, international, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind trial. A total of 142 patients were randomized to receive a single intravenous bolus dose of drug or placebo administered 15-60 minutes before PCI. Cardiac biomarker assessments included serial measurements of creatine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB) at 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours after PCI and a single measurement of troponin T (TnT) at 24 hours. Peak concentrations of CK-MB and TnT were significantly reduced in the 2.4 mg/kg group compared with placebo (P = 0.05 and 0.03, respectively). No subject administered 2.4 mg/kg of CMX-2043 had an increase of CK-MB to ≥3X upper limit of normal versus 16% for placebo (P = 0.02); 16% of the 2.4-mg/kg dose group developed an elevation of TnT to ≥3X upper limit of normal versus 39% in the placebo group (P = 0.05). No drug-related serious adverse events were observed in any group. CONCLUSION These data suggest that CMX-2043 may reduce PCI periprocedural myonecrosis and support further clinical evaluation of this novel agent for its potential cytoprotective effects.
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15
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Sun X, Gao R, Li W, Zhao Y, Yang H, Chen H, Jiang H, Dong Z, Hu J, Liu J, Zou Y, Sun A, Ge J. Alda-1 treatment promotes the therapeutic effect of mitochondrial transplantation for myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:2058-2069. [PMID: 33511307 PMCID: PMC7809100 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial damage is a critical driver in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and can be alleviated via the mitochondrial transplantation. The efficiency of mitochondrial transplantation is determined by mitochondrial vitality. Because aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) has a key role in regulating mitochondrial homeostasis, we aimed to investigate its potential therapeutic effects on mitochondrial transplantation via the use of ALDH2 activator, Alda-1. Our present study demonstrated that time-dependent internalization of exogenous mitochondria by cardiomyocytes along with ATP production were significantly increased in response to mitochondrial transplantation. Furthermore, Alda-1 treatment remarkably promoted the oxygen consumption rate and baseline mechanical function of cardiomyocytes caused by mitochondrial transplantation. Mitochondrial transplantation inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by the hypoxia-reoxygenation exposure, independent of Alda-1 treatment. However, promotion of the mechanical function of cardiomyocytes exposed to hypoxia-reoxygenation treatment was only observed after mitochondrial Alda-1 treatment and transplantation. By using a myocardial I/R mouse model, our results revealed that transplantation of Alda-1-treated mitochondria into mouse myocardial tissues limited the infarction size after I/R injury, which was at least in part due to increased mitochondrial potential-mediated fusion. In conclusion, ALDH2 activation in mitochondrial transplantation shows great potential for the treatment of myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Rifeng Gao
- Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wenjia Li
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yongchao Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Heng Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Hang Chen
- Heart Center of Fujian Province, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 29 Xin-Quan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhen Dong
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jingjing Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yunzeng Zou
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Aijun Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Alpha-lipoic acid protects against pressure overload-induced heart failure via ALDH2-dependent Nrf1-FUNDC1 signaling. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:599. [PMID: 32732978 PMCID: PMC7393127 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02805-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-lipoic acid (α-LA), a well-known antioxidant, was proved to active ALDH2 in nitrate tolerance and diabetic animal model. However, the therapeutic advantage of α-LA for heart failure and related signaling pathway have not been explored. This study was designed to examine the role of α-LA–ALDH2 in heart failure injury and mitochondrial damage. ALDH2 knockout (ALDH2−/−) mice and primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) were subjected to assessment of myocardial function and mitochondrial autophagy. Our data demonstrated α-LA significantly reduced the degree of TAC-induced LV hypertrophy and dysfunction in wild-type mice, not in ALDH2−/− mice. In molecular level, α-LA significantly restored ALDH2 activity and expression as well as increased the expression of a novel mitophagy receptor protein FUNDC1 in wild-type TAC mice. Besides, we confirmed that ALDH2 which was activated by α-LA governed the activation of Nrf1–FUNDC1 cascade. Our data suggest that α-LA played a positive role in protecting the heart against adverse effects of chronic pressure overload.
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17
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Effects of alpha-lipoic acid on skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.764953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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18
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Therapeutic Efficacy of Alpha-Lipoic Acid against Acute Myocardial Infarction and Chronic Left Ventricular Remodeling in Mice. Cardiol Res Pract 2020; 2020:6759808. [PMID: 32411448 PMCID: PMC7199633 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6759808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We hypothesized that daily administration of a potent antioxidant (α-lipoic acid: ALA) would protect the heart against both acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and left ventricular remodeling (LVR) post-AMI. Methods and Results Two separate studies were conducted. In the AMI study, C57Bl/6 mice were fed ALA daily for 7 d prior to a 45-minute occlusion of the left coronary artery (LCA). Mean infarct size in control mice (fed water) was 60 ± 2%. Mean infarct size in ALA-treated mice was 42 ± 3% in the 15 mg/kg·d group and 39 ± 3% in the 75 mg/kg·d group (both P < 0.05 vs. control). In the LVR study, AMI increased LV end-systolic volume (LVESV) and reduced LV ejection fraction (LVEF) to a similar extent in both groups when assessed by cardiac MRI 1 day after a 2-hour LCA occlusion. Treatment with ALA (75 mg/kg·d) or H2O was initiated 1 day post-AMI and continued until study's end. Both LVESV and LVEF in ALA-treated mice were significantly improved over control when assessed 28 or 56 days post-AMI. Furthermore, the survival rate in ALA-treated mice was 63% better than in control mice by 56 days post-AMI. Conclusions Daily oral ingestion of ALA not only protects mice against AMI but also attenuates LVR and preserves contractile function in the months that follow.
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Xia P, Zhang F, Yuan Y, Chen C, Huang Y, Li L, Wang E, Guo Q, Ye Z. ALDH 2 conferred neuroprotection on cerebral ischemic injury by alleviating mitochondria-related apoptosis through JNK/caspase-3 signing pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:1303-1323. [PMID: 32210721 PMCID: PMC7085232 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.38962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Past studies have indicated that the dysregulation of Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is related to the pathogenesis of acute stroke. However, the underlying mechanisms of ALDH2-mediated acute stroke are still not well understood. Thus, our study was designed to explore the influence of ALDH2 in acute stroke and determine whether its related mechanisms are involved in regulating mitochondria-associated apoptosis modulating JNK/caspase-3 pathway. In vitro analysis on the gain and loss of ALDH2 and JNK function were performed to explore its influence on OGD/R injury and relevant signaling pathways. Our findings suggested that ALDH2 expression was significantly down-regulated in rats suffering from acute stroke and also in primary cortical cultured neurons and PC12 cells upon OGD/R stimulation. ALDH2 overexpression markedly decreased infarct size and improved neurological outcomes. Furthermore, ALDH2 overexpression significantly suppressed stroke-induced mitochondria-associated apoptosis and inhibited p-JNK activation and p-JNK/caspase-3 complex formation. Similarly, in in vitro OGD/R models, ALDH2 reintroduction not only promoted cellular viability and moderated LDH release, but also inhibited mitochondria-related apoptosis. Moreover, JNK inhibition relieved OGD/R-induced cellular injury and apoptosis while JNK activation aggravated them. Furthermore, ALDH2 overexpression and JNK inhibition significantly reduced caspase-3 activation and transcription which was triggered by OGD/R damage. Caspase-3 activation and transcription also re-elevated during activation of JNK in ALDH2-reintroduced cells. Finally, ChIP assay revealed that p-JNK was bound to caspase-3 promoter. Collectively, ALDH2 overexpression led to a significant reduction in mitochondria-related apoptosis via JNK-mediated caspase-3 activation and transcription in both in vitro and in vivo cerebral ischemia models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan Province, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan Province, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Yajing Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan Province, China
| | - Longyan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan Province, China
| | - E Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan Province, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Qulian Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan Province, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan Province, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, P. R. China
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Can Medicinal Plants and Bioactive Compounds Combat Lipid Peroxidation Product 4-HNE-Induced Deleterious Effects? Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010146. [PMID: 31963301 PMCID: PMC7022924 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxic reactive aldehyde 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) belongs to the advanced lipid peroxidation end products. Accumulation of 4-HNE and formation of 4-HNE adducts induced by redox imbalance participate in several cytotoxic processes, which contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of oxidative stress-related human disorders. Medicinal plants and bioactive natural compounds are suggested to be attractive sources of potential agents to mitigate oxidative stress, but little is known about the therapeutic potentials especially on combating 4-HNE-induced deleterious effects. Of note, some investigations clarify the attenuation of medicinal plants and bioactive compounds on 4-HNE-induced disturbances, but strong evidence is needed that these plants and compounds serve as potent agents in the prevention and treatment of disorders driven by 4-HNE. Therefore, this review highlights the pharmacological basis of these medicinal plants and bioactive compounds to combat 4-HNE-induced deleterious effects in oxidative stress-related disorders, such as neurotoxicity and neurological disorder, eye damage, cardiovascular injury, liver injury, and energy metabolism disorder. In addition, this review briefly discusses with special attention to the strategies for developing potential therapies by future applications of these medicinal plants and bioactive compounds, which will help biological and pharmacological scientists to explore the new vistas of medicinal plants in combating 4-HNE-induced deleterious effects.
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Alpha-Lipoic Acid Protects Cardiomyocytes against Heat Stroke-Induced Apoptosis and Inflammatory Responses Associated with the Induction of Hsp70 and Activation of Autophagy. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:8187529. [PMID: 31885498 PMCID: PMC6914879 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8187529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stroke (HS) is a life-threatening illness and defined as when body temperature elevates above 40°C accompanied by the systemic inflammatory response syndrome that results in multiple organ dysfunctions. α-Lipoic acid (ALA) acts as a cofactor of mitochondrial enzymes and exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in a variety of diseases. This study investigates the beneficial effects of ALA on myocardial injury and organ damage caused by experimental HS and further explores its underlying mechanism. Male Wistar rats were exposed to 42°C until their rectal core temperature reached 42.9°C and ALA was pretreared 40 or 80 mg/kg (i.v.) 1.5 h prior to heat exposure. Results showed that HS-induced lethality and hypothermia were significantly alleviated by ALA treatment that also improved plasma levels of CRE, LDH, and CPK and myocardial injury biomarkers myoglobin and troponin. In addition, ALA reduced cardiac superoxide anion formation and protein expression of cleaved caspase 3 caused by HS. Proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α and NF-κB pathways were significantly reduced by ALA treatment which may be associated with the upregulation of Hsp70. ALA significantly increased the Atg5-12 complex and LC3B II/LC3B I ratio, whereas the p62 and p-mTOR expression was attenuated in HS rats, indicating the activation of autophagy by ALA. In conclusion, ALA ameliorated the deleterious effects of HS by exerting antioxidative and anti-inflammatory capacities. Induction of Hsp70 and activation of autophagy contribute to the protective effects of ALA in HS-induced myocardial injury.
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Alpha Lipoic Acid Improves Endothelial Function and Oxidative Stress in Mice Exposed to Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4093018. [PMID: 31093313 PMCID: PMC6481039 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4093018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by recurrent airway collapse that causes chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH). OSA is associated with systemic inflammation and oxidative stress resulting in endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) is a potent antioxidant with anti-inflammatory properties. We hypothesized that dietary ALA can improve endothelial function of mice exposed to CIH. Methods Mice were exposed to either CIH or intermittent air (IA) and treated with dietary ALA (0.2% w/w) or a regular chow diet for 8 weeks. Endothelial function, endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) uncoupling, systemic oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, aortic expression of inflammatory cytokines, and antioxidant enzymes were measured after 8 weeks. Results Mice exposed to CIH exhibited endothelial dysfunction accompanied by systemic oxidative stress and inflammation as well as increased aortic expression of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, CIH led to eNOS uncoupling. Treatment with dietary ALA reversed endothelial dysfunction in mice exposed to CIH, lowered systemic oxidative stress and inflammation, prevented the increases of inflammatory cytokine gene expression, increased the expression of antioxidant enzymes, and preserved eNOS in a coupled state. Conclusion ALA attenuates endothelial dysfunction by preventing oxidative stress and inflammation and restoring nitric oxide bioavailability in mice exposed to CIH. Our data suggests the potential beneficial use of ALA as adjunctive therapy in OSA.
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Abuyassin B, Badran M, Ayas NT, Laher I. The antioxidant α-lipoic acid attenuates intermittent hypoxia-related renal injury in a mouse model of sleep apnea. Sleep 2019; 42:5382296. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bisher Abuyassin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mohammad Badran
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Najib T Ayas
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ismail Laher
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Yasue H, Mizuno Y, Harada E. Association of East Asian Variant Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Genotype (ALDH2*2*) with Coronary Spasm and Acute Myocardial Infarction. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1193:121-134. [PMID: 31368101 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-6260-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Coronary spasm plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic heart disease, including angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), silent myocardial ischemia, and sudden death. The prevalence of coronary spasm is higher among East Asians probably due to genetic as well as environmental factors. ALDH2 eliminates toxic aldehydes including 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) derived from lipid peroxidation and acrolein in tobacco smoking as well as ethanol-derived acetaldehyde and thereby protects tissues and cells from oxidative damage. Deficient variant ALDH2*2 genotype is prevalent among East Asians and is a significant risk factor for both coronary spasm and AMI through accumulation of toxic aldehydes, thereby contributing to oxidative stress, endothelial damage, vasoconstriction, and thrombosis. Toxic aldehydes are thus identified as risk factors to be targeted for the treatment of coronary spasm and AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Yasue
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital, Kumamoto Aging Research Institute, Kumamoto City, Japan.
| | - Yuji Mizuno
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital, Kumamoto Aging Research Institute, Kumamoto City, Japan
| | - Eisaku Harada
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital, Kumamoto Aging Research Institute, Kumamoto City, Japan
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Dorokhov YL, Sheshukova EV, Bialik TE, Komarova TV. Human Endogenous Formaldehyde as an Anticancer Metabolite: Its Oxidation Downregulation May Be a Means of Improving Therapy. Bioessays 2018; 40:e1800136. [PMID: 30370669 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201800136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Malignant cells are characterized by an increased content of endogenous formaldehyde formed as a by-product of biosynthetic processes. Accumulation of formaldehyde in cancer cells is combined with activation of the processes of cellular formaldehyde clearance. These mechanisms include increased ALDH and suppressed ADH5/FDH activity, which oncologists consider poor and favorable prognostic markers, respectively. Here, the sources and regulation of formaldehyde metabolism in cancer cells are reviewed. The authors also analyze the participation of oncoproteins such as fibulins, FGFR1, HER2/neu, FBI-1, and MUC1-C in the control of genes related to formaldehyde metabolism, suggesting the existence of two mutually exclusive processes in cancer cells: 1) production and 2) oxidation and elimination of formaldehyde from the cell. The authors hypothesize that the study of the anticancer properties of disulfiram and alpha lipoic acid - which affect the balance of formaldehyde in the body - may serve as the basis of future anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri L Dorokhov
- N.I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics of RAS, 119991, Moscow, Russia.,A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Tatiana E Bialik
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115478, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Komarova
- N.I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics of RAS, 119991, Moscow, Russia.,A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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26
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Sun XQ, Chen S, Wang LF, Chen ZW. Total flavones of Rhododendron simsii Planch flower protect isolated rat heart from ischaemia-reperfusion injury and its mechanism of UTR-RhoA-ROCK pathway inhibition. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 70:1713-1722. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Total flavones of Rhododendron simsii Planch flower (TFR) are an effective part extracted from the flower. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of TFR in isolated rat heart following global ischaemia-reperfusion and the possible underlying mechanisms.
Methods
Langendorff perfusion apparatus was used to perfuse isolated rat heart which was subjected to global ischaemia-reperfusion. The hemodynamic parameters were continuously monitored. Coronary flow as well as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase-MB (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in coronary effluents was measured. RhoA activity and urotensin receptor (UTR) and Rho-related coiled-coil-forming protein kinase (ROCK) protein expressions in rat myocardium were examined, respectively. Cardiac dysfunction was indicated by the alterations of hemodynamic parameters and the reduced coronary flow.
Key findings
Total flavones of Rhododendron simsii Planch flower significantly improved ischaemia-reperfusion–induced cardiac dysfunction and leakages of LDH, CK-MB and cTnI, and inhibited myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion–increased RhoA activity and UTR, ROCK1 and ROCK2 protein expressions. The improvement of TFR in the cardiac dysfunction and the leakage of LDH, CK-MB and cTnI were markedly attenuated under the UTR blockade and ROCK inhibition. TFR-inhibited RhoA activity was decreased under the UTR blockade.
Conclusions
Total flavones of Rhododendron simsii Planch flower had a protective effect on ischaemia-reperfusion injury in isolated rat heart, which may be attributed to the blocking of UTR and subsequent inhibition of the RhoA-ROCK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Physiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Liang-Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhi-Wu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Cardiac-specific overexpression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 exacerbates cardiac remodeling in response to pressure overload. Redox Biol 2018; 17:440-449. [PMID: 29885625 PMCID: PMC5991908 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological cardiac remodeling during heart failure is associated with higher levels of lipid peroxidation products and lower abundance of several aldehyde detoxification enzymes, including aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2). An emerging idea that could explain these findings concerns the role of electrophilic species in redox signaling, which may be important for adaptive responses to stress or injury. The purpose of this study was to determine whether genetically increasing ALDH2 activity affects pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction. Mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) for 12 weeks developed myocardial hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction, which were associated with diminished ALDH2 expression and activity. Cardiac-specific expression of the human ALDH2 gene in mice augmented myocardial ALDH2 activity but did not improve cardiac function in response to pressure overload. After 12 weeks of TAC, ALDH2 transgenic mice had larger hearts than their wild-type littermates and lower capillary density. These findings show that overexpression of ALDH2 augments the hypertrophic response to pressure overload and imply that downregulation of ALDH2 may be an adaptive response to certain forms of cardiac pathology.
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Zhang T, Zhao Q, Ye F, Huang CY, Chen WM, Huang WQ. Alda-1, an ALDH2 activator, protects against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats via inhibition of oxidative stress. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:629-638. [PMID: 29589772 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1459042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have proved that activation of aldehyde dehydrogenase two (ALDH2) can attenuate oxidative stress through clearance of cytotoxic aldehydes, and can protect against cardiac, cerebral, and lung ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injuries. In this study, we investigated the effects of the ALDH2 activator Alda-1 on hepatic I/R injury. Partial warm ischemia was performed in the left and middle hepatic lobes of Sprague-Dawley rats for 1 h, followed by 6 h of reperfusion. Rats received either Alda-1 or vehicle by intravenous injection 30 min before ischemia. Blood and tissue samples of the rats were collected after 6-h reperfusion. Histological injury, proinflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), cellular apoptosis, ALDH2 expression and activity, 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (4-HNE) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. BRL-3A hepatocytes were subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). Cell viability, ROS, and mitochondrial membrane potential were determined. Pretreatment with Alda-1 significantly alleviated I/R-induced elevations of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate amino transferase, and significantly blunted the pathological injury of the liver. Moreover, Alda-1 significantly inhibited ROS and proinflammatory cytokines production, 4-HNE and MDA accumulation, and apoptosis. Increased ALDH2 activity was found after Alda-1 administration. No significant changes in ALDH2 expression were observed after I/R. ROS was also higher in H/R cells than in control cells, which was aggravated upon treatment with 4-HNE, and reduced by Alda-1 treatment. Cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential were inhibited in H/R cells, which was attenuated upon Alda-1 treatment. Activation of ALDH2 by Alda-1 attenuates hepatic I/R injury via clearance of cytotoxic aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- a Department of Anesthesiology , the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- b Organ transplantation center , the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Fang Ye
- a Department of Anesthesiology , the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Chan-Yan Huang
- a Department of Anesthesiology , the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Wan-Mei Chen
- a Department of Anesthesiology , the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Wen-Qi Huang
- a Department of Anesthesiology , the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
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29
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Ambrosi N, Guerrieri D, Caro F, Sanchez F, Haeublein G, Casadei D, Incardona C, Chuluyan E. Alpha Lipoic Acid: A Therapeutic Strategy that Tend to Limit the Action of Free Radicals in Transplantation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010102. [PMID: 29300330 PMCID: PMC5796052 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ replacement is an option to mitigate irreversible organ damage. This procedure has achieved a considerable degree of acceptance. However, several factors significantly limit its effectiveness. Among them, the initial inflammatory graft reaction due to ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) has a fundamental influence on the short and long term organ function. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during the IRI actively participates in these adverse events. Therapeutic strategies that tend to limit the action of free radicals could result in beneficial effects in transplantation outcome. Accordingly, the anti-oxidant α-lipoic acid (ALA) have been proved to be protective in several animal experimental models and humans. In a clinical trial, ALA was found to decrease hepatic IRI after hepatic occlusion and resection. Furthermore, the treatment of cadaveric donor and recipient with ALA had a protective effect in the short-term outcome in simultaneous kidney and pancreas transplanted patients. These studies support ALA as a drug to mitigate the damage caused by IRI and reinforce the knowledge about the deleterious consequences of ROS on graft injury in transplantation. The goal of this review is to overview the current knowledge about ROS in transplantation and the use of ALA to mitigate it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nella Ambrosi
- CEFYBO-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1199ABB, Argentina.
| | - Diego Guerrieri
- CEFYBO-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1199ABB, Argentina.
| | - Fiorella Caro
- CEFYBO-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1199ABB, Argentina.
| | - Francisco Sanchez
- CEFYBO-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1199ABB, Argentina.
| | - Geraldine Haeublein
- CEFYBO-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1199ABB, Argentina.
| | - Domingo Casadei
- Instituto de Nefrología de Buenos Aires, Nephrology, Buenos Aires C1199ABB, Argentina.
| | - Claudio Incardona
- GADOR SA, Buenos Aires C1199ABB, Argentina.
- Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires C1199ABB, Argentina.
| | - Eduardo Chuluyan
- CEFYBO-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1199ABB, Argentina.
- Instituto de Nefrología de Buenos Aires, Nephrology, Buenos Aires C1199ABB, Argentina.
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Shindyapina AV, Komarova TV, Sheshukova EV, Ershova NM, Tashlitsky VN, Kurkin AV, Yusupov IR, Mkrtchyan GV, Shagidulin MY, Dorokhov YL. The Antioxidant Cofactor Alpha-Lipoic Acid May Control Endogenous Formaldehyde Metabolism in Mammals. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:651. [PMID: 29249928 PMCID: PMC5717020 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The healthy human body contains small amounts of metabolic formaldehyde (FA) that mainly results from methanol oxidation by pectin methylesterase, which is active in a vegetable diet and in the gastrointestinal microbiome. With age, the ability to maintain a low level of FA decreases, which increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease and dementia. It has been shown that 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoic acid or alpha lipoic acid (ALA), a naturally occurring dithiol and antioxidant cofactor of mitochondrial α-ketoacid dehydrogenases, increases glutathione (GSH) content and FA metabolism by mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) thus manifests a therapeutic potential beyond its antioxidant property. We suggested that ALA can contribute to a decrease in the FA content of mammals by acting on ALDH2 expression. To test this assumption, we administered ALA in mice in order to examine the effect on FA metabolism and collected blood samples for the measurement of FA. Our data revealed that ALA efficiently eliminated FA in mice. Without affecting the specific activity of FA-metabolizing enzymes (ADH1, ALDH2, and ADH5), ALA increased the GSH content in the brain and up-regulated the expression of the FA-metabolizing ALDH2 gene in the brain, particularly in the hippocampus, but did not impact its expression in the liver in vivo or in rat liver isolated from the rest of the body. After ALA administration in mice and in accordance with the increased content of brain ALDH2 mRNA, we detected increased ALDH2 activity in brain homogenates. We hypothesized that the beneficial effects of ALA on patients with Alzheimer's disease may be associated with accelerated ALDH2-mediated FA detoxification and clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia V Shindyapina
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry of Nucleoproteins, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Komarova
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry of Nucleoproteins, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Sheshukova
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry of Nucleoproteins, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia M Ershova
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry of Nucleoproteins, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Ildar R Yusupov
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Garik V Mkrtchyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry of Nucleoproteins, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Murat Y Shagidulin
- Academician V. I. Schumakov Federal Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri L Dorokhov
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry of Nucleoproteins, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Abstract
α-Lipoic acid has been shown to provide cytoprotection in some tissues through antioxidant and antiapoptotic mechanisms. We have enhanced these properties by synthetic modification, resulting in a new chemical entity, CMX-2043, with proven efficacy in an animal model of cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. The present studies compare cytoprotective cellular pathways of R-α-lipoic acid and CMX-2043. Biochemical and cellular assays were used to compare antioxidant potency, tyrosine kinase activation, and protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation. CMX-2043 was more effective than lipoic acid in antioxidant effect, activation of insulin receptor kinase, soluble tyrosine kinase, and Akt phosphorylation. Activation of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor was similar for both. CMX-2043 stimulation of Akt phosphorylation was abolished by the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002. Consistent with Akt activation, CMX-2043 reduced carbachol-induced calcium overload. The S-stereoisomer of CMX-2043 was less active in the biochemical assays than the R-isomer. These results are consistent with cytoprotection through activation of Akt and antioxidant action. CMX-2043 may thus provide a pharmacological approach to cytoprotection consistent with established anti-apoptotic mechanisms.
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Leppert U, Gillespie A, Orphal M, Böhme K, Plum C, Nagorsen K, Berkholz J, Kreutz R, Eisenreich A. The impact of α-Lipoic acid on cell viability and expression of nephrin and ZNF580 in normal human podocytes. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 810:1-8. [PMID: 28606850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Human podocytes (hPC) are essential for maintaining normal kidney function and dysfunction or loss of hPC play a pivotal role in the manifestation and progression of chronic kidney diseases including diabetic nephropathy. Previously, α-Lipoic acid (α-LA), a licensed drug for treatment of diabetic neuropathy, was shown to exhibit protective effects on diabetic nephropathy in vivo. However, the effect of α-LA on hPC under non-diabetic conditions is unknown. Therefore, we analyzed the impact of α-LA on cell viability and expression of nephrin and zinc finger protein 580 (ZNF580) in normal hPC in vitro. Protein analyses were done via Western blot techniques. Cell viability was determined using a functional assay. hPC viability was dynamically modulated via α-LA stimulation in a concentration-dependent manner. This was associated with reduced nephrin and ZNF580 expression and increased nephrin phosphorylation in normal hPC. Moreover, α-LA reduced nephrin and ZNF580 protein expression via 'kappa-light-chain-enhancer' of activated B-cells (NF-κB) inhibition. These data demonstrate that low α-LA had no negative influence on hPC viability, whereas, high α-LA concentrations induced cytotoxic effects on normal hPC and reduced nephrin and ZNF580 expression via NF-κB inhibition. These data provide first novel information about potential cytotoxic effects of α-LA on hPC under non-diabetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Leppert
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CC02, Institut für Physiologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Allan Gillespie
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CC04, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Miriam Orphal
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CC04, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karen Böhme
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CC04, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Plum
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CC04, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kaj Nagorsen
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CC02, Institut für Physiologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janine Berkholz
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CC02, Institut für Physiologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinhold Kreutz
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CC04, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Eisenreich
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CC04, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Berlin, Germany.
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Pretreatment with the ALDH2 agonist Alda-1 reduces intestinal injury induced by ischaemia and reperfusion in mice. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:1123-1136. [PMID: 28325855 PMCID: PMC5434792 DOI: 10.1042/cs20170074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Many studies demonstrate that activation of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) protects against oxidative stress via detoxification of cytotoxic aldehydes, and could attenuate cardiac, cerebral, lung and renal ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injuries. However, the effect of ALDH2 in intestinal I/R is unknown. The present study was set up to determine whether an ALDH2 agonist, Alda-1, could alleviate intestinal injury after gut I/R. In a mouse model of intestinal I/R injury, histological grading, proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, cellular apoptosis, chemokine contents, ALDH2 activity, 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (4-HNE) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were evaluated. The results indicated that I/R treatment conferred elevation in pathological scores, proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, cellular apoptosis and chemokine levels, accompanied by accumulated 4-HNE and MDA. No significant changes in ALDH2 activity were observed after I/R. However, Alda-1 pretreatment significantly decreased these injurious indicators, concomitant with up-regulated ALDH2 activity, and lessened 4-HNE and MDA accumulation. Taken together, our results implicate activation of ALDH2 by Alda-1 in the significant abatement intestinal I/R injury.
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34
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Liu XZ, Sun X, Shen KP, Jin WJ, Fu ZY, Tao HR, Xu ZX. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 overexpression inhibits neuronal apoptosis after spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:1166-1171. [PMID: 28852401 PMCID: PMC5558498 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.211198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is an important factor in inhibiting oxidative stress and has been shown to protect against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Therefore, we hypothesized that ALDH2 could reduce spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury. Spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury was induced in rats using the modified Zivin's method of clamping the abdominal aorta. After successful model establishment, the agonist group was administered a daily consumption of 2.5% alcohol. At 7 days post-surgery, the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan score significantly increased in the agonist group compared with the spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury group. ALDH2 expression also significantly increased and the number of apoptotic cells significantly decreased in the agonist group than in the spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury group. Correlation analysis revealed that ALDH2 expression negatively correlated with the percentage of TUNEL-positive cells (r = −0.485, P < 0.01). In summary, increased ALDH2 expression protected the rat spinal cord against ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Zhen Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang-Ping Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Jie Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Yi Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Rong Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Xing Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Li M, Zhang P, Wei HJ, Li MH, Zou W, Li X, Gu HF, Tang XQ. Hydrogen Sulfide Ameliorates Homocysteine-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction by Inhibition of Reactive Aldehydes Involving Upregulation of ALDH2. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 20:305-315. [PMID: 27988490 PMCID: PMC5409037 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyw103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homocysteine, a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, induces cognitive dysfunction. Reactive aldehydes play an important role in cognitive dysfunction. Aldehyde-dehydrogenase 2 detoxifies reactive aldehydes. Hydrogen sulfide, a novel neuromodulator, has neuroprotective effects and regulates learning and memory. Our previous work confirmed that the disturbance of hydrogen sulfide synthesis is invovled in homocysteine-induced defects in learning and memory. Therefore, the present work was to explore whether hydrogen sulfide ameliorates homocysteine-generated cognitive dysfunction and to investigate whether its underlying mechanism is related to attenuating accumulation of reactive aldehydes by upregulation of aldehyde-dehydrogenase 2. METHODS The cognitive function of rats was assessed by the Morris water maze test and the novel object recognition test. The levels of malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal, and glutathione as well as the activity of aldehyde-dehydrogenase 2 were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; the expression of aldehyde-dehydrogenase 2 was detected by western blot. RESULTS The behavior experiments, Morris water maze test and novel objects recognition test, showed that homocysteine induced deficiency in learning and memory in rats, and this deficiency was reversed by treatment of NaHS (a donor of hydrogen sulfide). We demonstrated that NaHS inhibited homocysteine-induced increases in generations of MDA and 4-HNE in the hippocampus of rats and that hydrogen sulfide reversed homocysteine-induced decreases in the level of glutathione as well as the activity and expression of aldehyde-dehydrogenase 2 in the hippocampus of rats. CONCLUSION Hydrogen sulfide ameliorates homocysteine-induced impairment in cognitive function by decreasing accumulation of reactive aldehydes as a result of upregulations of glutathione and aldehyde-dehydrogenase 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Neurology, Nanhua Affiliated Hospital (Ms Li, Mr Zhang, Ms Li, Mr Zou, and Dr Tang), and
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanhua Affiliated Hospital (Ms Li, Mr Zhang, Ms Li, Mr Zou, and Dr Tang), and
| | - Hai-jun Wei
- Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College (Mr Wei, Dr Gu, and Dr Tang),,University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, PR China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, Hunan, PR China (Mr Wei and Dr Tang)
| | - Man-Hong Li
- Department of Neurology, Nanhua Affiliated Hospital (Ms Li, Mr Zhang, Ms Li, Mr Zou, and Dr Tang), and
| | - Wei Zou
- Department of Neurology, Nanhua Affiliated Hospital (Ms Li, Mr Zhang, Ms Li, Mr Zou, and Dr Tang), and
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, PR China (Mr Li)
| | - Hong-Feng Gu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College (Mr Wei, Dr Gu, and Dr Tang)
| | - Xiao-Qing Tang
- Department of Neurology, Nanhua Affiliated Hospital (Ms Li, Mr Zhang, Ms Li, Mr Zou, and Dr Tang), and,Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College (Mr Wei, Dr Gu, and Dr Tang),,University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, PR China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, Hunan, PR China (Mr Wei and Dr Tang)
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Li JH, Ju GX, Jiang JL, Li NS, Peng J, Luo XJ. Lipoic acid protects gastric mucosa from ethanol-induced injury in rat through a mechanism involving aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 activation. Alcohol 2016; 56:21-28. [PMID: 27814791 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies demonstrate that reactive aldehydes are highly toxic and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2)-mediated detoxification of reactive aldehydes is thought as an endogenous protective mechanism against reactive aldehydes-induced cell injury. This study aims to explore whether lipoic acid, a potential ALDH2 activator, is able to protect gastric mucosa from ethanol-induced injury through a mechanism involving clearance of reactive aldehydes. The rats received 60% of acidified ethanol through intragastric administration and held for 1 h to establish a mucosal injury model. Lipoic acid (10 or 30 mg/kg) or Alda-1 (a positive control, 10 mg/kg) was given 45 min before the ethanol treatment. The gastric tissues were collected for analysis of gastric ulcer index, cellular apoptosis, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, and ALDH2 activity. The results showed that acute administration of ethanol led to an increase in gastric ulcer index, cellular apoptosis, 4-HNE and MDA contents concomitant with a decrease in ALDH2 activity; these phenomena were reversed by lipoic acid or Alda-1. The gastric protection of lipoic acid was attenuated in the presence of ALDH2 inhibitor. Based on these observations, we conclude that lipoic acid exerts the beneficial effects on ethanol-induced injury through a mechanism involving, at least in part, ALDH2 activation. As a dietary supplement or a medicine already in some countries, lipoic acid can be used to treat the ethanol - induced gastric mucosal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Gui-Xia Ju
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Jun-Lin Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Nian-Sheng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Xiu-Ju Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
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Zhang J, McCullough PA. Lipoic Acid in the Prevention of Acute Kidney Injury. Nephron Clin Pract 2016; 134:133-140. [DOI: 10.1159/000448666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Walters JW, Amos D, Ray K, Santanam N. Mitochondrial redox status as a target for cardiovascular disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2016; 27:50-5. [PMID: 26894468 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are major players in cellular energetics, oxidative stress and programmed cell death. Mitochondrial dynamics regulate and integrate these functions. Mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in cardiac hypertrophy, hypertension and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Reactive oxygen species generation is modulated by the fusion-fission pathway as well as key proteins such as sirtuins that act as metabolic sensors of cellular energetics. Mitochondrial redox status has thus become a good target for therapy against cardiovascular diseases. Recently, there is an influx of studies garnered towards assessing the beneficial effects of mitochondrial targeted antioxidants, drugs modulating the fusion-fission proteins, sirtuins, and other mitochondrial processes as potential cardio-protecting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Walters
- School of Arts & Sciences, Bluefield State College, Basic Science Building B213, 219 Rock Street, Bluefield, WV 24701, USA
| | - Deborah Amos
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Toxicology, Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, One John Marshall Dr, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Kristeena Ray
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Toxicology, Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, One John Marshall Dr, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Nalini Santanam
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Toxicology, Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, One John Marshall Dr, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
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Shaghaghi H, Kadlecek S, Siddiqui S, Pourfathi M, Hamedani H, Clapp J, Profka H, Rizi R. Ascorbic acid prolongs the viability and stability of isolated perfused lungs: A mechanistic study using 31P and hyperpolarized 13C nuclear magnetic resonance. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:62-71. [PMID: 26165188 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) has recently shown promise as a means of more accurately gauging the health of lung grafts and improving graft performance post-transplant. However, reperfusion of ischemic lung promotes the depletion of high-energy compounds and a progressive loss of normal mitochondrial function, and it remains unclear how and to what extent the EVLP approach contributes to this metabolic decline. Although ascorbate has been used to mitigate the effects of ischemia-reperfusion injury, the nature of its effects during EVLP are also not clear. To address these uncertainties, this study monitored the energy status of lungs during EVLP and after the administration of ascorbate using (31)P and hyperpolarized (13)C NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance). Our experiments demonstrated that the oxidative phosphorylation capacity and pyruvate dehydrogenase flux of lungs decline during ex vivo perfusion. The addition of ascorbate to the perfusate prolonged lung viability by 80% and increased the hyperpolarized (13)C bicarbonate signal by a factor of 2.7. The effect of ascorbate is apparently due not to its antioxidant quality but rather to its ability to energize cellular respiration given that it increased the lung's energy charge significantly, whereas other antioxidants (glutathione and α-lipoic acid) did not alter energy metabolism. During ascorbate administration, inhibition of mitochondrial complex I with rotenone depressed energy charge and shifted the metabolic state of the lung toward glycolysis; reenergizing the electron transport chain with TMPD (N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine) recovered metabolic activity. This indicates that ascorbate slows the decline of the ex vivo perfused lung's mitochondrial activity through an independent interaction with the electron transport chain complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoora Shaghaghi
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephen Kadlecek
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sarmad Siddiqui
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mehrdad Pourfathi
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hooman Hamedani
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Justin Clapp
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Harrilla Profka
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rahim Rizi
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Wang WM, Liu Z, Liu AJ, Wang YX, Wang HG, An D, Heng B, Xie LH, Duan JL, Liu YQ. The Zinc Ion Chelating Agent TPEN Attenuates Neuronal Death/apoptosis Caused by Hypoxia/ischemia Via Mediating the Pathophysiological Cascade Including Excitotoxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation. CNS Neurosci Ther 2015; 21:708-17. [PMID: 26190227 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We aim to determine the significant effect of TPEN, a Zn(2+) chelator, in mediating the pathophysiological cascade in neuron death/apoptosis induced by hypoxia/ischemia. METHODS We conducted both in vivo and in vitro experiments in this study. PC12 cells were used to establish hypoxia/ischemia model by applying oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). SHR-SP rats were used to establish an acute ischemic model by electrocoagulating middle cerebral artery occlusion. The effect of TPEN on neuron death/apoptosis was evaluated. In addition, the relative biomarks of excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation reactions in hypoxia/ischemia PC12 cell model as well as in SHR-SP rat hypoxia/ischemia model were also assessed. RESULTS TPEN significantly attenuates the neurological deficit, reduced the cerebral infarction area and the ratio of apoptotic neurons, and increased the expression of GluR2 in the rat hypoxia/ischemia brain. TPEN also increased blood SOD activity, decreased blood NOS activity and blood MDA and IL-6 contents in rats under hypoxia/ischemia. In addition, TPEN significantly inhibited the death and apoptosis of cells and attenuated the alteration of GluR2 and NR2 expression caused by OGD or OGD plus high Zn(2+) treatments. CONCLUSIONS Zn(2+) is involved in neural cell apoptosis and/or death caused by hypoxia/ischemia via mediating excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ming Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ai-Jun Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong-Gang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Di An
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Heng
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lai-Hua Xie
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jun-Li Duan
- Department of Gerontology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Qiang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Dorokhov YL, Shindyapina AV, Sheshukova EV, Komarova TV. Metabolic methanol: molecular pathways and physiological roles. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:603-44. [PMID: 25834233 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00034.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Methanol has been historically considered an exogenous product that leads only to pathological changes in the human body when consumed. However, in normal, healthy individuals, methanol and its short-lived oxidized product, formaldehyde, are naturally occurring compounds whose functions and origins have received limited attention. There are several sources of human physiological methanol. Fruits, vegetables, and alcoholic beverages are likely the main sources of exogenous methanol in the healthy human body. Metabolic methanol may occur as a result of fermentation by gut bacteria and metabolic processes involving S-adenosyl methionine. Regardless of its source, low levels of methanol in the body are maintained by physiological and metabolic clearance mechanisms. Although human blood contains small amounts of methanol and formaldehyde, the content of these molecules increases sharply after receiving even methanol-free ethanol, indicating an endogenous source of the metabolic methanol present at low levels in the blood regulated by a cluster of genes. Recent studies of the pathogenesis of neurological disorders indicate metabolic formaldehyde as a putative causative agent. The detection of increased formaldehyde content in the blood of both neurological patients and the elderly indicates the important role of genetic and biochemical mechanisms of maintaining low levels of methanol and formaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri L Dorokhov
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; and N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia V Shindyapina
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; and N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Sheshukova
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; and N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Komarova
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; and N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
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Li G, Gao L, Jia J, Gong X, Zang B, Chen W. α-Lipoic acid prolongs survival and attenuates acute kidney injury in a rat model of sepsis. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 41:459-68. [PMID: 24738479 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury is a frequent and serious complication in patients with severe sepsis. α-Lipoic acid (ALA), a naturally occurring dithiol compound, has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. In the present study we investigated whether ALA could attenuate acute kidney injury and improve survival in a rat model of sepsis. Rats were subjected to caecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to induce sepsis. α-Lipoic acid (200 mg/kg) was administered by oral gavage either immediately (early treatment) or 12 h after the surgical procedure (delayed treatment). Both early and delayed ALA treatment effectively prolonged survival, improved pathological damage in kidney tissues and reduced serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels in CLP-induced septic rats. Furthermore, early treatment with ALA markedly inhibited the release of tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β into the serum and reduced mRNA and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and high mobility group box 1 in kidney tissues from CLP-induced rats. Finally, CLP-induced nuclear factor-κB activation in kidney tissues was significantly suppressed by early ALA treatment. Together, the results indicate that ALA is able to reduce mortality and attenuate acute kidney injury associated with sepsis, possibly by anti-inflammatory actions. α-Lipoic acid may be a promising novel agent for the treatment of conditions associated with septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofu Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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McCarty MF, DiNicolantonio JJ. The Molecular Biology and Pathophysiology of Vascular Calcification. Postgrad Med 2015; 126:54-64. [DOI: 10.3810/pgm.2014.03.2740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Shoeb M, Ansari NH, Srivastava SK, Ramana KV. 4-Hydroxynonenal in the pathogenesis and progression of human diseases. Curr Med Chem 2014; 21:230-7. [PMID: 23848536 DOI: 10.2174/09298673113209990181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metastable aldehydes produced by lipid peroxidation act as 'toxic second messengers' that extend the injurious potential of free radicals. 4-hydroxy 2-nonenal (HNE), a highly toxic and most abundant stable end product of lipid peroxidation, has been implicated in the tissue damage, dysfunction, injury associated with aging and other pathological states such as cancer, Alzheimer, diabetes, cardiovascular and inflammatory complications. Further, HNE has been considered as a oxidative stress marker and it act as a secondary signaling molecule to regulates a number of cell signaling pathways. Biological activity of HNE depends on its intracellular concentration, which can differentially modulate cell death, growth and differentiation. Therefore, the mechanisms responsible for maintaining the intracellular levels of HNE are most important, not only in the defense against oxidative stress but also in the pathophysiology of a number of disease processes. In this review, we discussed the significance of HNE in mediating various disease processes and how regulation of its metabolism could be therapeutically effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shoeb
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas -77555, USA.
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Yang H, Song Z, Yang GP, Zhang BK, Chen M, Wu T, Guo R. The ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism affects post-stroke epilepsy susceptibility and plasma 4-HNE levels. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109634. [PMID: 25313998 PMCID: PMC4196934 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated the protective effect of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) in cardiovascular diseases. Increased levels of the potential ALDH2 substrate 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) are involved in myocardial/cerebral ischemia accompanied by a high level of oxidative stress. In this investigation, we first performed a case-control study to explore the potential association of ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism and post-stroke epilepsy (PSE). Then, we performed an in vitro study to determine whether the overexpression of ALDH2 could decrease the level of oxidative stress and the apoptosis ratio induced by 4-HNE. There was a significant difference in the distribution of the allele and genotype frequencies of the rs671 polymorphism between PSE patients and ischemic stroke (IS) patients. Individuals with the rs671 A allele showed significantly higher levels of plasma 4-HNE. The overexpression of ALDH2 partially blocked the increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis ratio induced by 4-HNE and also partially restored the ALDH2 activity in PC12 cells; these effects were reversed in the presence of εV1-2. Our results suggest that the ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism is associated with PSE susceptibility and affects the 4-HNE levels. Targeting ALDH2 might be a useful strategy for the treatment or prevention of PSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi Song
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guo-Ping Yang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bi-Kui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tian Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ren Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- * E-mail:
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Jiang S, Zhu W, Wu J, Li C, Zhang X, Li Y, Cao K, Liu L. α-Lipoic acid protected cardiomyoblasts from the injury induced by sodium nitroprusside through ROS-mediated Akt/Gsk-3β activation. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 28:1461-73. [PMID: 25193743 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Revised: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
It has been long noted that cardiac cell apoptosis provoked by excessive production of nitric oxide (NO) plays important roles in the pathogenesis of variant cardiac diseases. Attenuation of NO-induced injury would be an alternative therapeutic approach for the development of cardiac disorders. This study investigated the effects of α-lipoic acid (LA) on the injury induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a widely used NO donor, in rat cardiomyoblast H9c2 cells. SNP challenge significantly decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis, as evidenced by morphological abnormalities, nuclear condensation and decline of mitochondrial potential (ΔΨm). These changes induced by SNP were significantly attenuated by LA pretreatment. Furthermore, LA pretreatment prevented the SNP-triggered suppression of Akt and Gsk-3β activation. Blockade of Akt activation with triciribin (API) completely abolished the cytoprotection of LA against SNP challenge. In addition, LA moderately increased intracellular ROS production. Interestingly, inhibition of ROS with N-acetylcysteine abrogated Akt/Gsk-3β activation and the LA-induced cytoprotection following SNP stimulation. Taken together, the results indicate that LA protected the SNP-induced injury in cardiac H9c2 cells through, at least in part, the activation of Akt/Gsk-3β signaling in a ROS-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surong Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Weina Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chuanfu Li
- Department of Surgery, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States
| | - Xiaojin Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yuehua Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Kejiang Cao
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
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α-Lipoic acid inhibits Helicobacter pylori-induced oncogene expression and hyperproliferation by suppressing the activation of NADPH oxidase in gastric epithelial cells. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:380830. [PMID: 25210229 PMCID: PMC4152957 DOI: 10.1155/2014/380830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperproliferation and oncogene expression are observed in the mucosa of Helicobacter pylori- (H. pylori-) infected patients with gastritis or adenocarcinoma. Expression of oncogenes such as β-catenin and c-myc is related to oxidative stress. α-Lipoic acid (α-LA), a naturally occurring thiol compound, acts as an antioxidant and has an anticancer effect. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of α-LA on H. pylori-induced hyperproliferation and oncogene expression in gastric epithelial AGS cells by determining cell proliferation (viable cell numbers, thymidine incorporation), levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), NADPH oxidase activation (enzyme activity, subcellular levels of NADPH oxidase subunits), activation of redox-sensitive transcription factors (NF-κB, AP-1), expression of oncogenes (β-catenin, c-myc), and nuclear localization of β-catenin. Furthermore, we examined whether NADPH oxidase mediates oncogene expression and hyperproliferation in H. pylori-infected AGS cells using treatment of diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase. As a result, α-LA inhibited the activation of NADPH oxidase and, thus, reduced ROS production, resulting in inhibition on activation of NF-κB and AP-1, induction of oncogenes, nuclear translocation of β-catenin, and hyperproliferation in H. pylori-infected AGS cells. DPI inhibited H. pylori-induced activation of NF-κB and AP-1, oncogene expression and hyperproliferation by reducing ROS levels in AGS cells. In conclusion, we propose that inhibiting NADPH oxidase by α-LA could prevent oncogene expression and hyperproliferation occurring in H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells.
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Chen AH, Zhang P, Yin WL, Wang L, Zou W, Tang XQ. Role of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 in 1-methy-4-phenylpyridinium ion-induced aldehyde stress and cytotoxicity in PC12 cells. Neurochem Res 2014; 39:1767-75. [PMID: 25005621 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1376-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aldehyde stress contributes to molecular mechanisms of cell death and the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). The neurotoxin 1-Methy-4-Phenylpyridinium Ion (MPP(+)) is commonly used to model PD. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is an important enzyme detoxifying aldehydes. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether MPP(+)-induced neurotoxicity is involved in aldehyde stress by modulation of ALDH2. Our results demonstrated that treatment of PC12 cells with MPP(+) leads to aldehyde stress by increasing in loads of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal, which indicated that MPP(+)-induced aldehyde stress contributes to its cytotoxicity in PC12 cells. We also showed that MPP(+) up-regulates the expression and activity of ALDH2 in PC12 cells and that inhibition of ALDH2 by its specific inhibitor daidzin prevents MPP(+)-induced decrease in cell viability and increases in apoptosis, oxidative stress and aldehyde stress in PC12 cells. These findings suggest that aldehyde stress contributes to MPP(+)-induced toxicity in PC12 cells by upregulation of ALDH2. This study provides a novel insight into the role of ALDH2 in the neurotoxicity of MPP(+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Hua Chen
- Department of Neurology, Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, 336 E Dongfeng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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YU YING, JIA XIANJIE, ZONG QIAOFENG, ZHANG GUANJUN, YE HONGWEI, HU JIE, GAO QIN, GUAN SUDONG. Remote ischemic postconditioning protects the heart by upregulating ALDH2 expression levels through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:536-42. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Dudek M, Knutelska J, Bednarski M, Nowiński L, Zygmunt M, Bilska-Wilkosz A, Iciek M, Otto M, Żytka I, Sapa J, Włodek L, Filipek B. Alpha lipoic acid protects the heart against myocardial post ischemia-reperfusion arrhythmias via KATP channel activation in isolated rat hearts. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 66:499-504. [PMID: 24905530 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The cardiovascular effects of alpha lipoic acid were evaluated in isolated rat hearts exposed to ischemia-reperfusion injury in vitro. Alpha-lipoic acid raised the level of sulfane sulfur playing an important role in the release of hydrogen sulfide. H2S was shown to prevent the post-reperfusion arrhythmias and to protect the cardiomyocytes from death caused by hypoxia. The activation of potassium ATP-sensitive channels (K(ATP) channels) is one of the most important mechanisms of action of hydrogen sulfide in the cardiovascular system. The aim of this study was to investigate whether alpha lipoic acid can prevent the occurrence of post-reperfusion arrhythmias in vitro using a Langendorff model of ischemia-reperfusion in rats affecting the K(ATP) channels. Alpha lipoic acid significantly improved post-reperfusion cardiac function (reducing incidence of arrhythmias), especially in a dose of 10(-7)M. These cardiovascular effects of this compound on the measured parameters were reversed by glibenclamide, a selective K(ATP) blocker. Alpha lipoic acid increased the level of sulfane sulfur in the hearts. This may suggest that the positive effects caused by alpha lipoic acid in the cardiovascular system are not only related to its strong antioxidant activity, and the influence on the activity of such enzymes as aldehyde dehydrogenase 2, as previously suggested, but this compound can affect K(ATP) channels. It is possible that this indirect effect of alpha lipoic acid is connected with changes in the release of sulfane sulfur and hydrogen sulfide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Dudek
- Department of Pharmacodynamids, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Joanna Knutelska
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Bednarski
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Leszek Nowiński
- Department of Pharmacodynamids, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Zygmunt
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Bilska-Wilkosz
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Iciek
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Otto
- Department of Pharmacodynamids, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Iwona Żytka
- Department of Pharmacodynamids, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jacek Sapa
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Lidia Włodek
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Filipek
- Department of Pharmacodynamids, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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