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Ko SY. Therapeutic Potential of Ginsenosides on Bone Metabolism: A Review of Osteoporosis, Periodontal Disease and Osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5828. [PMID: 38892015 PMCID: PMC11172997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Ginsenosides, bioactive compounds from the genus Panax, have potential therapeutic effects on diverse ailments, including diabetes. Emerging evidence suggests their involvement in bone metabolism. The present review summarizes the current understanding of the effects of ginsenosides on osteoporosis, periodontal disease, and osteoarthritis. Their mechanisms of action include effects on osteoblasts, osteoclasts, periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs), and chondrocytes, which are pivotal in maintaining bone, periodontal tissue, and cartilage homeostasis. Ginsenosides may exert their beneficial effects by enhancing PDLF and osteoblast activity, suppressing osteoclast function, augmenting chondrocyte synthesis in the cartilage matrix, and mitigating connective tissue degradation. Moreover, they possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anti-pyroptotic properties. Their efficacy in increasing bone density, ameliorating periodontitis, and alleviating osteoarthritis symptoms has been demonstrated in preclinical studies using animal models. In terms of their mechanism of action, ginsenosides modulate cellular differentiation, activity, and key signaling pathway molecules, such as mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), while also regulating various mediators. Furthermore, the symptomatic relief observed in animal models lends further credence to their therapeutic utility. However, to translate these preclinical findings into clinical practice, rigorous animal and clinical investigations are imperative to ascertain the safety, efficacy, and optimal dosing regimens in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Yle Ko
- Department of Oral Biochemistry and Institute of Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
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Aghili SM, Sahebari M, Salari M, Noorabadi P. Efficacy of Herbal Medicine in Hand Osteoarthritis: A Narrative Review. Curr Rheumatol Rev 2024; 20:39-45. [PMID: 37691222 DOI: 10.2174/1573397119666230907112401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent joint disorders in the world that has placed an enormous economic and social burden on governments and healthcare sectors in many countries. Hand OA (HOA) is the most common peripheral arthritis, which is less investigated than knee and hip OA. Due to limited approved drug choices and adverse effects of long-term use of current regimens, we aimed to review the existing evidence that were used as oral herbal medicine to treat HOA. METHODS The PubMed database was searched for both observational and interventional studies that have investigated herbal medicine safety and efficacy in HOA, written in English and published between 2010 and 2022. RESULTS A total of 5 original articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and each article assessed a different herbal regimen. Overall, it seems desirable to add specific herbal treatments to the regimen of HOA patients, specifically in case of early stages of HOA. CONCLUSION Currently, the need for a low-risk alternative treatment in HOA patients is felt more than ever. There are reliable references relating to the safety of Korean red ginseng, GCSB-5, XLGB, and GS-GCu in these patients, although their efficacy was limited. Additionally, herbs like curcumin and Boswellia serrata have positively affected patients with knee osteoarthritis. However, there is a lack of strong evidence supporting their effectiveness in hand osteoarthritis (HOA). This emphasizes the potential benefits that these herbs may have for HOA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Mehrnaz Aghili
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Maryam Sahebari
- Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Salari
- Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parisa Noorabadi
- Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Lu Z, Mao T, Chen K, Chai L, Dai Y, Liu K. Ginsenoside Rc: A potential intervention agent for metabolic syndrome. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:1375-1387. [PMID: 38223453 PMCID: PMC10785250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rc, a dammarane-type tetracyclic triterpenoid saponin primarily derived from Panax ginseng, has garnered significant attention due to its diverse pharmacological properties. This review outlined the sources, putative biosynthetic pathways, extraction, and quantification techniques, as well as the pharmacokinetic properties of ginsenoside Rc. Furthermore, this study explored the pharmacological effects of ginsenoside Rc against metabolic syndrome (MetS) across various phenotypes including obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and osteoarthritis. It also highlighted the impact of ginsenoside Rc on multiple associated signaling molecules. In conclusion, the anti-MetS effect of ginsenoside Rc is characterized by its influence on multiple organs, multiple targets, and multiple ways. Although clinical investigations regarding the effects of ginsenoside Rc on MetS are limited, its proven safety and tolerability suggest its potential as an effective treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjie Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Tongyun Mao
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Kaiqi Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Longxin Chai
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yongguo Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
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Chen J, Huang L, Liao X. Protective effects of ginseng and ginsenosides in the development of osteoarthritis (Review). Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:465. [PMID: 37664679 PMCID: PMC10468808 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disease. Traditional chinese medicine provides a resource for drug screening for OA treatment. Ginseng and the associated bioactive compound, ginsenosides, may reduce inflammation, which is considered a risk factor for the development of OA. Specifically, ginsenosides may exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress activities, and inhibit extracellular matrix degradation by suppressing the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Notably, specific ginsenosides, such as compound K and Rk1, may physically interact with IκB kinase and inhibit the associated phosphorylation. Thus, ginsenosides exhibit potential as therapeutic candidates in the management of OA. However, the low water solubility limits the clinical applications of ginsenosides. Numerous effective strategies have been explored to improve bioavailability; however, further investigations are still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincai Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
| | - Lin Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ganzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
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Panossian A, Abdelfatah S, Efferth T. Network Pharmacology of Ginseng (Part III): Antitumor Potential of a Fixed Combination of Red Ginseng and Red Sage as Determined by Transcriptomics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15111345. [PMID: 36355517 PMCID: PMC9696821 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to assess the effect of a fixed combination of Red Ginseng and Red Sage (RG–RS) on the gene expression of neuronal cells to evaluate the potential impacts on cellular functions and predict its relevance in the treatment of stress and aging-related diseases and disorders. Methods: Gene expression profiling was conducted by transcriptome-wide mRNA microarray analyses of murine HT22 hippocampal cell culture after treatment with RG–RS preparation. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) was performed with datasets of significantly upregulated or downregulated genes and the expected effects on the physiological and cellular function and the diseases were identified. Results: RG–RS deregulates 1028 genes associated with cancer and 139 with metastasis, suggesting a predicted decrease in tumorigenesis, the proliferation of tumor cells, tumor growth, metastasis, and an increase in apoptosis and autophagy by their effects on the various signaling and metabolic pathways, including the inhibition of Warburg’s aerobic glycolysis, estrogen-mediated S-phase entry signaling, osteoarthritis signaling, and the super-pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis. Conclusion: The results of this study provide evidence of the potential efficacy of the fixed combination of Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Mey.) and Red Sage/Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge) in cancer. Further clinical and experimental studies are required to assess the efficacy and safety of RG–RS in preventing the progression of cancer, osteoarthritis, and other aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Panossian
- EuroPharma USA Inc., Green Bay, WI 54311, USA
- Phytomed AB, 58344 Vastervick, Sweden
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (T.E.)
| | - Sara Abdelfatah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (T.E.)
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Tseng SH, Lee CJ, Chen SH, Chen CH, Tsai PW, Hsieh MS, Chu JS, Wang CC. Cinnamic aldehyde, an anti-inflammatory component in Du-Huo-Ji-Sheng-Tang, ameliorates arthritis in II collagenase and monosodium iodoacetate induced osteoarthritis rat models. J Tradit Complement Med 2022; 13:51-61. [PMID: 36685080 PMCID: PMC9845653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Du-Huo-Ji-Sheng-Tang (DHJST) is a Chinese herbal formula used for arthralgia and arthritis treatment clinically. This study aims to evaluate the joint-protecting efficacy of DHJST and to identify the active constituents as the evaluation marker. Experimental procedure DHJST can be categorized into three recipes: Blood-tonifying-herbs Si-Wu-Tang (SWT), Wind-dampness-dispelling-herbs (WDH) and Qi-tonifying-herbs (TH). All formulas were used to explore the joint-protecting efficacies. Results and conclusion s: Firstly, DHJST could decrease the arthritis progression in the monosodium-iodoacetate-induced rat and cure arthritis in the type II collagenase-induced rat. Further, in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, DHJST, TH and Cinnamomum cassia (CC), an ingredient in TH, were the most potent nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) inhibitors. The major components, cinnamic aldehyde, showed the strongest NO and PGE2 inhibition. Up-regulated inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 were inhibited by DHJST, TH, CC, and cinnamic aldehyde. In interleukin-1β-stimulated primary chondrocytes, upregulated iNOS was inhibited by DHJST, TH, Cinnamomum cassia, and cinnamic aldehyde. Upregulated matrix metalloprotease-13 was only inhibited by DHJST and TH and Eucommia ulmoides (EU) extract. Results suggest that DHJST presented joint-protective and cure arthritis effects. TH presented equal joint-protective effects as DHJST. The major anti-inflammatory ingredient in TH was Cinnamomum cassia in TH. And cinnamic aldehyde was the potent anti-inflammatory active compound in Cinnamomum cassia. Therefore, this study may facilitate the modern use of DHJST with TH as a simplified version but equally effective anti-osteoarthritic agents with cinnamic aldehyde as a quality control marker of DHJST and TH in osteoarthritis prevention or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hui Tseng
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Lee
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- PhD Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy Science, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Han Chen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hsin Chen
- Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Management, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Wei Tsai
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Science Industry, College of Health Science, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shium Hsieh
- Orthopedics Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jan-Show Chu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chiung Wang
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- PhD Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy Science, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Management, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Orthopedics Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Corresponding author. School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
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Kim GO, Kim N, Song GY, Bae JS. Inhibitory Activities of Rare Ginsenoside Rg4 on Cecal Ligation and Puncture-Induced Sepsis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810836. [PMID: 36142743 PMCID: PMC9505814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is an uncontrolled response to inflammatory infection and is associated with high levels of mortality and morbidity. Rg4 is a rare ginsenoside mainly found in the leaves of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer and the major protopanaxatriol-type ginsenoside of black ginseng. In this study, we determined whether Rg4 affects cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis. Animals were separated into the following six groups: control group, CLP-operated group, CLP plus maslinic acid (MA), and CLP plus Rg4 (5, 10, or 15 mg/kg). Survival rate, body weight changes, inflammatory cytokines, and histological analyses were assessed. Human endothelial cells were activated with the high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein and Rg4. Cell viability was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analysis were used to assess inflammation and gene expression, respectively. After CLP surgery, the Rg4-administered group exhibited a higher survival rate and body weight compared with the untreated control group. Rg4 treatment reduced cytokine levels, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β, as well as nitric oxide (NO) levels and renal inflammation. After Rg4 treatment of HMGB1-activated cells, the expressions of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and TNF-α were decreased, and the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling increased cell viability. In summary, Rg4 inhibited inflammation and exhibited a protective effect against CLP-induced sepsis, thereby reinforcing cell survival against septic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Oun Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Nayeon Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Gyu Yong Song
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejon 34134, Korea
- Correspondence: (G.Y.S.); (J.-S.B.); Tel.: +82-42-821-5926 (G.Y.S.); +82-53-950-8570 (J.-S.B.); Fax: +82-42-823-6566 (G.Y.S.); +82-53-950-8557 (J.-S.B.)
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: (G.Y.S.); (J.-S.B.); Tel.: +82-42-821-5926 (G.Y.S.); +82-53-950-8570 (J.-S.B.); Fax: +82-42-823-6566 (G.Y.S.); +82-53-950-8557 (J.-S.B.)
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Zhou P, Yu W, Zhang C, Chen K, Tang W, Li X, Liu Z, Xia Q. Tiao-bu-fei-shen formula promotes downregulation of the caveolin 1-p38 mapk signaling pathway in COPD - Associated tracheobronchomalacia cell model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 293:115256. [PMID: 35367574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Tiao-bu-fei-shen (TBFS) formula, extensively used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), can enhance therapeutic efficacy and reduce the frequency of acute exacerbations of lung-kidney Qi deficiency in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). According to both TCM theory and long-term observation of practice, TBFS has become an effective treatment for COPD-associated tracheobronchomalacia (TBM). AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the mechanism of the TBFS formula in treating COPD-associated TBM based on caveolin 1-p38 MAPK signaling and apoptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A rat COPD model was prepared by exposure to smoking combined with tracheal lipopolysaccharide injection. The trachea or bronchus chondrocytes from COPD rats were isolated, cultured, and treated with 10 ng/mL IL-1β for 24 h to develop a model of COPD-associated TBM. Normal rats were administered TBFS to prepare drug-containing serum, and CCK8 assays were used to screen the optimal drug-containing serum concentration and SB203580 dose. TBFS drug-containing serum and SB203580 were processed separately for the control, model, drug-containing serum, blocker, and drug-containing serum combined with blocker groups. Flow cytometry and CCK8 assays were used to detect apoptosis and proliferative activity. Toluidine blue staining and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze the chondrocyte proteoglycan and type II collagen content. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of caveolin 1, p-p38 MAPK, TNF-α, IL-1β, MMP-13, Bax, and Bcl-2 proteins. Quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of caveolin 1, p38 MAPK, IL-1β, MMP-13, Bax, Bcl-2, and miR-140-5p. RESULTS The isolation and identification of bronchial chondrocytes from COPD rats revealed that 10 ng/mL IL-1β can produce a stable COPD-associated TBM model. Screened via the CCK8 method, fourth-generation bronchial chondrocytes were determined as the optimal cells, and 5 μM SB203580 and 5% low-dose drug-containing serum were the optimal intervention doses. The experimental chondrocytes of each group were treated separately for 48 h. Toluidine blue staining and immunohistochemical analysis revealed that TBFS drug-containing serum, SB203580, and TBFS drug-containing serum combined with SB203580 can effectively increase the proteoglycan and type II collagen content after chondrocyte degradation. Flow cytometry of cells treated with SB203580 and TBFS drug-containing serum combined with SB203580 revealed significantly reduced cell apoptosis and enhanced cell proliferation activity. Western blot and qPCR analyses revealed that the TBFS drug-containing serum, SB203580, and TBFS drug-containing serum combined with SB203580 effectively inhibit the expression of caveolin 1, p-p38 MAPK, MMP-13, IL-1β, TNF-α, and Bax proteins while promoting Bcl -2 protein expression. Treatment with TBFS drug-containing serum and SB203580 effectively inhibited the expression of MMP-13, p38 MAPK, caveolin 1, and Bax genes, and promoted the expression of Bcl-2 and miR-140-5p genes. CONCLUSIONS A concentration of 10 ng/mL of IL-1β can generate a stable COPD-associated TBM cell model. TBFS can improve the proteoglycan and type II collagen content, increase cell activity, and reduce the amount of chondrocyte apoptosis. The role of TBFS may be related to mechanisms of inhibiting the expression of the key signaling molecules caveolin 1 and p-p38 MAPK in the caveolin 1-p38 MAPK signaling pathway, thereby reducing the expression of the downstream effector products MMP-13, IL-1β, and TNF-α, while inhibiting the expression of the apoptotic gene Bax and improving the expression of Bcl-2 and miR-140-5p genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan province, PR China.
| | - Wei Yu
- Clinical Medical School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan province, PR China.
| | - Chuantao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan province, PR China.
| | - Keling Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan province, PR China.
| | - Wenjun Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan province, PR China.
| | - Xuelian Li
- Department of Emergency, Sichuan Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan province, PR China.
| | - Zijun Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Sichuan Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan province, PR China.
| | - Qianming Xia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan province, PR China.
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Yang N, Zhang X, Li L, Xu T, Li M, Zhao Q, Yu J, Wang J, Liu Z. Ginsenoside Rc Promotes Bone Formation in Ovariectomy-Induced Osteoporosis In Vivo and Osteogenic Differentiation In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116187. [PMID: 35682866 PMCID: PMC9181096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rc is one of the active components used in traditional Chinese medicine. We aim to explore how ginsenoside Rc can be used in the treatment of osteoporosis. Micro-CT demonstrated that the treatment of ovariectomized (OVX) mice with ginsenoside Rc significantly inhibited the decrease in bone mineral density, bone volumetric fraction, and trabecular number, and the increase in trabecular separation. Histological staining, qRT-PCR, and Western blot demonstrated that ginsenoside Rc enhances the microstructure of trabecular bone, and promotes the expression of bone formation-related genes. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, Alizarin Red staining, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting demonstrated that ginsenoside Rc dose-dependently promoted the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. A ginsenoside Rc-induced increase in the expression of β-catenin, p-GSK-3β, collagen-1, ALP, and RUNX-2 family transcription factor-2 was significantly attenuated upon 10 μM XAV-939 treatment, while the decrease in the expression of GSK-3β and p-β-catenin was significantly enhanced. Ginsenoside Rc promotes bone formation in ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in vivo and promotes osteogenic differentiation in vitro via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhihui Liu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-431-8879-6018
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Ginsenoside Rg3 Attenuates TNF-α-Induced Damage in Chondrocytes through Regulating SIRT1-Mediated Anti-Apoptotic and Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121972. [PMID: 34943075 PMCID: PMC8750552 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The upregulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a common event in arthritis, and the subsequent signaling cascade that leads to tissue damage has become the research focus. To explore a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent cartilage degradation, we tested the effect of ginsenoside Rg3, a bioactive component of Panax ginseng, on TNF-α-stimulated chondrocytes.TC28a2 Human Chondrocytes were treated with TNF-α to induce damage of chondrocytes. SIRT1 and PGC-1a expression levels were investigated by Western blotting assay. Mitochondrial SIRT3 and acetylated Cyclophilin D (CypD) were investigated using mitochondrial isolation. The mitochondrial mass number and mitochondrial DNA copy were studied for mitochondrial biogenesis. MitoSOX and JC-1 were used for the investigation of mitochondrial ROS and membrane potential. Apoptotic markers, pro-inflammatory events were also tested to prove the protective effects of Rg3. We showed Rg3 reversed the TNF-α-inhibited SIRT1 expression. Moreover, the activation of the SIRT1/PGC-1α/SIRT3 pathway by Rg3 suppressed the TNF-α-induced acetylation of CypD, resulting in less mitochondrial dysfunction and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, we demonstrated that the reduction of ROS ameliorated the TNF-α-elicited apoptosis. Furthermore, the Rg3-reverted SIRT1/PGC-1α/SIRT3 activation mediated the repression of p38 MAPK, which downregulated the NF-κB translocation in the TNF-α-treated cells. Our results revealed that administration of Rg3 diminished the production of interleukin 8 (IL-8) and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) in chondrocytes via SIRT1/PGC-1α/SIRT3/p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling in response to TNF-α stimulation. Taken together, we showed that Rg3 may serve as an adjunct therapy for patients with arthritis.
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Kim HI, Chon SJ, Seon KE, Seo SK, Choi YR. Clinical Effects of Korean Red Ginseng in Postmenopausal Women With Hand Osteoarthritis: A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:745568. [PMID: 34858175 PMCID: PMC8630590 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.745568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although many menopausal Asian women use herbal remedies for joint pain, there are no studies evaluating the efficacy of Korean red ginseng on osteoarthritis symptoms in postmenopausal women. The purpose of this study is to analyze antioxidant enzyme activity, oxidative stress markers, and pain scores before and after red ginseng consumption, to assess its effect in postmenopausal women. Methods. This prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial enrolled 52 postmenopausal women who presented with hand edema and/or pain and were diagnosed as degenerative arthritis of the hand. Patients were randomly assigned to the red ginseng (RG) group (supplemented with 3 g/d of RG for 12 weeks) or the placebo group. Changes in pain and Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) scores, antioxidant enzyme, oxidative stress markers, serum estradiol levels, and endometrial thickness were analyzed. Results. The pain score and DASH score were significantly improved in the RG group (both p < 0.05). The improvement of pain score at rest, during work or sport, and DASH score was significant compared to that of the placebo group. The superoxide dismutase level increased (p < 0.05) and the malondialdehyde level decreased (p < 0.05) significantly in the RG group, while none of the antioxidative factors showed a significant change in the placebo group. Serum estradiol levels and endometrial thickness were not affected by RG supplementation. Conclusion. RG may be an effective dietary supplement for postmenopausal women with degenerative osteoarthritis of the hand. It may relieve pain and improve antioxidative activity without the risk of endometrial thickening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye In Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Joo Chon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gil Hospital, Graduate School of Medicine, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Inchon, South Korea
| | - Ki Eun Seon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok Kyo Seo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun-Rak Choi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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12
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Lee YH, Choi HJ, Kim JY, Kim JE, Lee JH, Cho SH, Yun MY, An S, Song GY, Bae S. Ginsenoside Rg4 Enhances the Inductive Effects of Human Dermal Papilla Spheres on Hair Growth Via the AKT/GSK-3β/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:933-941. [PMID: 34099599 PMCID: PMC9706015 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2101.01032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg4 is a rare ginsenoside that is naturally found in ginseng, and exhibits a wide range of biological activities including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in several cell types. The purpose of this study was to use an in vivo model of hair follicle (HF)-mimic based on a human dermal papilla (DP) spheroid system prepared by three-dimensional (3D) culture and to investigate the effect of Rg4 on the hair-inductive properties of DP cells. Treatment of the DP spheroids with Rg4 (20 to 50 μg/ml) significantly increased the viability and size of the DP spheres in a dose-dependent manner. Rg4 also increased the mRNA and protein expression of DP signature genes that are related to hair growth including ALP, BMP2, and VCAN in the DP spheres. Analysis of the signaling molecules and luciferase reporter assays further revealed that Rg4 induces the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and the inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK3β, which activates the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway. These results correlated with not only the increased nuclear translocation of β-catenin following the treatment of the DP spheres with Rg4 but also the significant elevation of mRNA expression of the downstream target genes of the WNT/β-catenin pathway including WNT5A, β-catenin, and LEF1. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that ginsenoside Rg4 promotes the hair-inductive properties of DP cells by activating the AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway in DP spheres, suggesting that Rg4 could be a potential natural therapy for hair growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hee Lee
- Research Institute for Molecular-Targeted Drugs, Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui-Ji Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yea Kim
- Research Institute for Molecular-Targeted Drugs, Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hyun Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Yun
- Department of Beauty Science, Kwangju Women’s University, Gwangju 62396, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkwan An
- Research Institute for Molecular-Targeted Drugs, Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Yong Song
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejon 34134, Republic of Korea,
G.Y. Song Phone: +82-42-821-5926 Fax: +82-42-823-6566 E-mail:
| | - Seunghee Bae
- Research Institute for Molecular-Targeted Drugs, Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors S. Bae Phone: +82-2-450-0463 E-mail:
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Anti-Metastatic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibition by Ginsenosides. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020198. [PMID: 33671187 PMCID: PMC7921986 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes which cleave extracellular matrix (ECM) and other substrates. They are deeply involved in both cancer metastasis and human chronic inflammatory diseases such as osteoarthritis and Crohn’s disease. Regulation of MMPs is closely associated with signaling molecules, especially mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including three representative kinases, extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERK), p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK). Ginseng (Panax sp.) is a plant which has been traditionally used for medicinal applications. Ginsenosides are major metabolites which have potentials to treat various human diseases. In this review, the pharmacological effects of ginsenosides have been rigorously investigated; these include anti-metastatic and anti-inflammatory activities of ginsenosides associated with suppression of MMPs via regulation of various signaling pathways. This will highlight the importance of MMPs as therapeutic targets for anti-metastatic and anti-inflammatory drug development based on ginsenosides.
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14
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Pérez-Lozano ML, Cesaro A, Mazor M, Esteve E, Berteina-Raboin S, Best TM, Lespessailles E, Toumi H. Emerging Natural-Product-Based Treatments for the Management of Osteoarthritis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:265. [PMID: 33572126 PMCID: PMC7914872 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex degenerative disease in which joint homeostasis is disrupted, leading to synovial inflammation, cartilage degradation, subchondral bone remodeling, and resulting in pain and joint disability. Yet, the development of new treatment strategies to restore the equilibrium of the osteoarthritic joint remains a challenge. Numerous studies have revealed that dietary components and/or natural products have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-bone-resorption, and anabolic potential and have received much attention toward the development of new therapeutic strategies for OA treatment. In the present review, we provide an overview of current and emerging natural-product-based research treatments for OA management by drawing attention to experimental, pre-clinical, and clinical models. Herein, we review current and emerging natural-product-based research treatments for OA management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Luisa Pérez-Lozano
- Laboratory I3MTO, EA 4708, Université d’Orléans, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France; (M.-L.P.-L.); (A.C.); (E.L.)
- Plateforme Recherche Innovation Médicale Mutualisée d’Orléans, Centre Hospitalier Régional d’Orléans, 14 Avenue de l’Hôpital, 45100 Orléans, France
| | - Annabelle Cesaro
- Laboratory I3MTO, EA 4708, Université d’Orléans, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France; (M.-L.P.-L.); (A.C.); (E.L.)
- Plateforme Recherche Innovation Médicale Mutualisée d’Orléans, Centre Hospitalier Régional d’Orléans, 14 Avenue de l’Hôpital, 45100 Orléans, France
| | - Marija Mazor
- Center for Proteomics, Department for Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, B. Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Eric Esteve
- Service de Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional d′Orléans, 14 Avenue de l’Hôpital, 45100 Orléans, France;
| | - Sabine Berteina-Raboin
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique ICOA, Université d’Orléans-Pôle de Chimie, UMR CNRS 7311, Rue de Chartres-BP 6759, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France;
| | - Thomas M. Best
- Department of Orthopedics, Division of Sports Medicine, Health Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA;
| | - Eric Lespessailles
- Laboratory I3MTO, EA 4708, Université d’Orléans, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France; (M.-L.P.-L.); (A.C.); (E.L.)
- Plateforme Recherche Innovation Médicale Mutualisée d’Orléans, Centre Hospitalier Régional d’Orléans, 14 Avenue de l’Hôpital, 45100 Orléans, France
- Centre Hospitalier Régional d’Orléans, Institut Département de Rhumatologie, 45067 Orléans, France
| | - Hechmi Toumi
- Laboratory I3MTO, EA 4708, Université d’Orléans, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France; (M.-L.P.-L.); (A.C.); (E.L.)
- Plateforme Recherche Innovation Médicale Mutualisée d’Orléans, Centre Hospitalier Régional d’Orléans, 14 Avenue de l’Hôpital, 45100 Orléans, France
- Centre Hospitalier Régional d’Orléans, Institut Département de Rhumatologie, 45067 Orléans, France
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Molecular Targets of Natural Products for Chondroprotection in Destructive Joint Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144931. [PMID: 32668590 PMCID: PMC7404046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common type of arthritis that occurs in an aged population. It affects any joints in the body and degenerates the articular cartilage and the subchondral bone. Despite the pathophysiology of OA being different, cartilage resorption is still a symbol of osteoarthritis. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are important proteolytic enzymes that degrade extra-cellular matrix proteins (ECM) in the body. MMPs contribute to the turnover of cartilage and its break down; their levels have increased in the joint tissues of OA patients. Application of chondroprotective drugs neutralize the activities of MMPs. Natural products derived from herbs and plants developed as traditional medicine have been paid attention to, due to their potential biological effects. The therapeutic value of natural products in OA has increased in reputation due to their clinical impact and insignificant side effects. Several MMPs inhibitor have been used as therapeutic drugs, for a long time. Recently, different types of compounds were reviewed for their biological activities. In this review, we summarize numerous natural products for the development of MMPs inhibitors in arthritic diseases and describe the major signaling targets that were involved for the treatments of these destructive joint diseases.
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16
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Yang N, Liu D, Zhang X, Li J, Wang M, Xu T, Liu Z. Effects of ginsenosides on bone remodelling for novel drug applications: a review. Chin Med 2020; 15:42. [PMID: 32391072 PMCID: PMC7201946 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00323-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ginsenosides are pharmacologically active compounds that are often extracted from the Panax plant for their medicinal properties. Ginsenosides have multiple effects, including antitumor effects which have been widely studied. In recent years, studies have found that ginsenosides promote proliferation and osteogenesis of osteoblast-related cells, as well as inhibit the activity of osteoclasts. MAIN BODY We briefly introduces the molecules and BMP, WNT, and RANKL signalling pathways involved in bone formation and bone resorption. Next, recent studies on the mechanism of action of ginsenosides in bone remodelling are reviewed from three perspectives: the effects on proliferation of osteoblast-related cells, effects on osteogenesis and effects on osteoclasts. To expedite the development of drugs containing ginsenosides, we summarize the multiple beneficial roles of various types of ginsenosides in bone remodelling; including the promotion of bone formation, inhibition of bone resorption, and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. CONCLUSION Many ginsenosides can promote bone formation and inhibit bone resorption, such as Rb1, Rb2 and Re. Ginsenosides have the potential to be new drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis, promote fracture healing and are strong candidates for cytokines in the tissue-engineered bone. This review provides a theoretical basis for clinical drug applications and proposes several future directions for exploring the beneficial role of ginseng compounds in bone remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatology Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin China
| | - Dingkun Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatology Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatology Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin China
| | - Jianing Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatology Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin China
| | - Mi Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatology Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin China
| | - Tongtong Xu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatology Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatology Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin China
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Kang YH, Lee HJ, Lee CJ, Park JS. Natural Products as Sources of Novel Drug Candidates for the Pharmacological Management of Osteoarthritis: A Narrative Review. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2019; 27:503-513. [PMID: 31646842 PMCID: PMC6824629 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2019.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative articular disorder. Formation of bone spurs, synovial inflammation, loss of cartilage, and underlying bone restructuring have been reported to be the main pathologic characteristics of osteoarthritis symptoms. The onset and progression of osteoarthritis are attributed to various inflammatory cytokines in joint tissues and fluids that are produced by chondrocytes and/or interact with chondrocytes, as well as to low-grade inflammation in intra-articular tissues. Disruption of the equilibrium between the synthesis and degradation of the cartilage of the joint is the major cause of osteoarthritis. Hence, developing a promising pharmacological tool to restore the equilibrium between the synthesis and degradation of osteoarthritic joint cartilage can be a useful strategy for effectively managing osteoarthritis. In this review, we provide an overview of the research results pertaining to the search for a novel candidate agent for osteoarthritis management via restoration of the equilibrium between cartilage synthesis and degradation. We especially focused on investigations of medicinal plants and natural products derived from them to shed light on the potential pharmacotherapy of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hoon Kang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Changwon Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jae Lee
- Smith Liberal Arts College and Department of Addiction Science, Graduate School, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Jae Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sung Park
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
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Pulmonary Protective Functions of Rare Ginsenoside Rg4 on Particulate Matter-induced Inflammatory Responses. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-019-0096-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Lee JH, Min DS, Lee CW, Song KH, Kim YS, Kim HP. Ginsenosides from Korean Red Ginseng ameliorate lung inflammatory responses: inhibition of the MAPKs/NF-κB/c-Fos pathways. J Ginseng Res 2018; 42:476-484. [PMID: 30337808 PMCID: PMC6187099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Korean Red Ginseng (steamed and dried white ginseng, Panax ginseng Meyer) is well known for enhancing vital energy and immune capacity and for inhibiting cancer cell growth. Some clinical studies also demonstrated a therapeutic potential of ginseng extract for treating lung inflammatory disorders. This study was conducted to establish the therapeutic potential of ginseng saponins on the lung inflammatory response. METHODS From Korean Red Ginseng, 11 ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg1, Rg2, Rg3, and Rh2) were isolated. Their inhibitory potential and action mechanism were evaluated using a mouse model of lung inflammation, acute lung injury induced by intranasal lipopolysaccharide administration. Their anti-inflammatory activities were also examined in lung epithelial cell line (A549) and alveolar macrophage (MH-S). RESULTS All ginsenosides orally administered at 20 mg/kg showed 11.5-51.6% reduction of total cell numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Among the ginsenosides, Rc, Re, Rg1, and Rh2 exhibited significant inhibitory action by reducing total cell numbers in the BALF by 34.1-51.6% (n = 5). Particularly, Re showed strong and comparable inhibitory potency with that of dexamethasone, as judged by the number of infiltrated cells and histological observations. Re treatment clearly inhibited the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, nuclear factor-κB, and the c-Fos component in the lung tissue (n = 3). CONCLUSION Certain ginsenosides inhibit lung inflammatory responses by interrupting these signaling molecules and they are potential therapeutics for inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Suk Min
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Woo Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Ho Song
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Shik Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Pyo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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Gurău F, Baldoni S, Prattichizzo F, Espinosa E, Amenta F, Procopio AD, Albertini MC, Bonafè M, Olivieri F. Anti-senescence compounds: A potential nutraceutical approach to healthy aging. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 46:14-31. [PMID: 29742452 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The desire of eternal youth seems to be as old as mankind. However, the increasing life expectancy experienced by populations in developed countries also involves a significantly increased incidence of the most common age-related diseases (ARDs). Senescent cells (SCs) have been identified as culprits of organismal aging. Their number rises with age and their senescence-associated secretory phenotype fuels the chronic, pro-inflammatory systemic state (inflammaging) that characterizes aging, impairing the regenerative ability of stem cells and increasing the risk of developing ARDs. A variegated class of molecules, including synthetic senolytic compounds and natural compounds contained in food, have been suggested to possess anti-senescence activity. Senolytics are attracting growing interest, and their safety and reliability as anti-senescence drugs are being assessed in human clinical trials. Notably, since SCs spread inflammation at the systemic level through pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory signals, foods rich in polyphenols, which exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions, have the potential to be harnessed as "anti-senescence foods" in a nutraceutical approach to healthier aging. We discuss the beneficial effects of polyphenol-rich foods in relation to the Mediterranean diet and the dietary habits of long-lived individuals, and examine their ability to modulate bacterial genera in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Gurău
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Simone Baldoni
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Emma Espinosa
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Amenta
- School of Medicinal Sciences and Health Products, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Antonio Domenico Procopio
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Massimiliano Bonafè
- DIMES- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna, Italy; Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Forlì, Italy.
| | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute, Ancona, Italy.
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21
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Han YK, Kim SY, Ahn JY, Baek JU. An analysis of the combination frequencies of constituent medicinal herbs in prescriptions for the treatment of bone and joint disorder in Korean medicine: determination of a group of candidate prescriptions for universal use. Integr Med Res 2018; 6:344-353. [PMID: 29296561 PMCID: PMC5741390 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to select prescriptions (mixtures of medicinal herbs) used in the treatment of bone and joint disorders in Korean medicine, and through the analysis of medicinal herb combination frequencies, select a high-frequency medicinal herb combination group for further experimental and clinical research. Methods We systematically searched for terms related to bone and joint disorder in the “Dongeuibogam (Dong yibaojian)”, a seminal Korean medicine book. We reviewed the results of published papers regarding the effects in bone and joint disorders (especially in osteoporosis, osteomalacia, osteopenia, rheumatoid arthritis, and degenerative arthritis). Results In total, 34 candidates of a medicinal herb combination for the treatment of bone and joint disorders(CMHCTBJDs) and nine candidates of a medicinal herb for the treatment of bone and joint disorders(CMHTBJDs) were selected. Conclusion : The candidates of a medicinal herb combination for the treatment of bone and joint disorders (CMHCTBJDs) and candidates of a medicinal herb for the treatment of bone and joint disorders(CMHTBJDs) proposed in this study can be useful material for text mining to develop natural products with the effects in BJDs and also it has the potential to reduce the experimental and developmental time period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Kyoung Han
- Division of Humanities and Social Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan Korea
| | - Seo Yul Kim
- Division of Humanities and Social Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan Korea
| | - Jae Young Ahn
- Division of Humanities and Social Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan Korea
| | - Jin Ung Baek
- Division of Humanities and Social Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan Korea
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Lim H, Min DS, Yun HE, Kim KT, Sun YN, Dat LD, Kim YH, Kim HP. Impressic acid from Acanthopanax koreanum, possesses matrix metalloproteinase-13 down-regulating capacity and protects cartilage destruction. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 209:73-81. [PMID: 28735730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Acanthopanax koreanum (Araliaceae) has been used in traditional medicine for enhancing vitality, rheumatism, and bone-related pains. But its activity on cartilage protection has not been known yet. AIM OF THE STUDY Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 has an important role in degrading cartilage materials under pathologic conditions such as arthritis. The present study was designed to find the inhibitory activity of impressic acid on MMP-13 expression and cartilage protective action. MATERIALS AND METHODS 70% ethanol extract of Acanthopanax koreanum leaves and impressic acid, a major constituent isolated from the same plant materials, were examined on MMP-13 down-regulating capacity in IL-1β-treated human chondrocyte cell line (SW1353) and rabbit cartilage explants. RESULTS In IL-1β-treated SW1353 cells, impressic acid significantly and concentration-dependently inhibited MMP-13 expression at 0.5-10μM. Impressic acid was found to be able to inhibit MMP-13 expression by blocking the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-1/-2 (STAT-1/-2) and activation of c-Jun and c-Fos among the cellular signaling pathways involved. Further, impressic acid was found to inhibit the expression of MMP-13 mRNA (47.7% inhibition at 10μM), glycosaminoglycan release (42.2% reduction at 10μM) and proteoglycan loss in IL-1-treated rabbit cartilage explants culture. In addition, a total of 21 lupane-type triterpenoids structurally-related to impressic acid were isolated from the same plant materials and their suppressive activities against MMP-13 expression were also examined. Among these derivatives, compounds 2, 3, 16, and 18 clearly down-regulated MMP-13 expression. However, impressic acid was more potent than these derivatives in down-regulating MMP-13 expression. CONCLUSIONS Impressic acid, its related triterpenoids, and A. koreanum extract have potential as therapeutic agents to prevent cartilage degradation by inhibiting matrix protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, South Korea
| | - Dong Suk Min
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, South Korea
| | - Han Eul Yun
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, South Korea
| | - Kil Tae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, South Korea
| | - Ya Nan Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
| | - Le Duc Dat
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Deagu, Gyeongsan 712-702, South Korea
| | - Young Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea.
| | - Hyun Pyo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, South Korea.
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Lim H, Park BK, Shin SY, Kwon YS, Kim HP. Methyl caffeate and some plant constituents inhibit age-related inflammation: effects on senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) formation. Arch Pharm Res 2017; 40:524-535. [PMID: 28299617 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-017-0909-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
During aging, cells secrete molecules called senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). They constitute chronic low-grade inflammation environment to adjacent cells and tissues. In order to find inhibiting agents of SASP formation, 113 plant constituents were incubated with BJ fibroblasts for 6 days after treatment with bleomycin. Several plant constituents showed considerable inhibition of IL-6 production, a representative SASP marker. These plant constituents included anthraquinones such as aurantio-obtusin, flavonoids including astragalin, iristectorigenin A, iristectorigenin B, linarin, lignans including lariciresinol 9-O-glucoside and eleutheroside E, phenylpropanoids such as caffeic acid and methyl caffeate, steroid (ophiopogonin), and others like centauroside, rhoifolin and scoparone. In particular, methyl caffeate down-regulated SASP factors such as IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, GM-CSF, CXCL1, MCP-2, and MMP-3. Inhibition of these SASP mRNA expression levels also coincided with the reduction of IκBζ expression and NF-κB p65 activation without affecting the expression levels of senescence markers, p21 or pRb. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that methyl caffeate might be a specific and strong inhibitor of SASP production without affecting the aging process. Its action mechanisms involve the reduction of IκBζ expression and NF-κB p65 activation. Therefore, this compound might be effective in alleviating chronic low-grade inflammation linked to age-related degenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 200-701, Korea
| | - Byung Kyu Park
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 200-701, Korea
| | - Sook Young Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 200-701, Korea
| | - Yong Soo Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 200-701, Korea
| | - Hyun Pyo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 200-701, Korea.
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Wu Y, Wu T, Xu B, Xu X, Chen H, Li X. Oxytocin prevents cartilage matrix destruction via regulating matrix metalloproteinases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 486:601-606. [PMID: 28238786 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.02.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Degradation of the extracellular matrix type II Collagen (Col II) induced by proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is an important hallmark of Osteoarthritis (OA). Oxytocin (OT) is a well-known neurohypophysical hormone that is synthesized in the paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic nuclei (SON) of the hypothalamus. In this study, we have found that oxytocin receptor (OTR) was expressed in human primary chondrocytes, and the expression of which was reduced in chondrocytes from OA patients and in response to TNF-α treatment in a dose dependent manner. Notably, it was shown that TNF-α -induced degradation of Col II was restored by treatment with OT in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, TNF-α treatment (10 ng/mL) highly elevated the expression of MMP-1 and MMP-13 in SW1353 chondrocytes, which were reversed by OT in a dose dependent manner at both gene and protein expression levels. In addition, it was demonstrated that the JAK2/STAT1 pathway was involved in the restoration effects of OT in the degradation of Col II. Lastly, knockdown of OTR abolished the inhibitory effects of OT on the degradation of col II and the induction of MMP-1 and MMP-13 expression, suggesting the involvement of OTR. Our study implied the therapeutic potential of OT for cartilage degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Wu
- Department of Hip Injury, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province Orthopedic Institute of Henan Province, 471002, China
| | - Tongyu Wu
- China Medical University, Henan Province, 471002, China
| | - Binbin Xu
- Shenqiu People's Hospital Henan Province, 471002, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Department of Hip Injury, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province Orthopedic Institute of Henan Province, 471002, China
| | - Honggan Chen
- Department of Hip Injury, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province Orthopedic Institute of Henan Province, 471002, China
| | - Xiyao Li
- Department of Hip Injury, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province Orthopedic Institute of Henan Province, 471002, China.
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Chondroprotective Effects and Multitarget Mechanisms of Fu Yuan Capsule in a Rat Osteoarthritis Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:8985623. [PMID: 28167976 PMCID: PMC5266831 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8985623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fu Yuan Capsule (FYC) has been clinically used for osteoarthritis (OA) and its related diseases for many years in China. However, its pharmacological mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential chondroprotective effects of FYC on articular cartilage. Rat OA model was induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection. A group of rats was treated with FYC for 12 weeks. Joint structure, types I and II collagen, and proteoglycan were evaluated by histological examination. The expression of C-terminal crosslinking telopeptide of type II collagen, hydroxyproline, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs, matrix metalloproteinase, interleukin-1 beta, nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, heat-shock protein 70, transforming growth factor-beta, osteoprotegerin, and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand were detected. Treatment with FYC could protect against articular cartilage injury. FYC treatment significantly decreased the extracellular matrix degradation factors and inflammatory mediators. Moreover, articular cartilage protective factors were increased in the FYC group. The current finding suggests that FYC protects articular cartilage in a rat OA model through various ways. Thus, it may be an effective agent for OA treatment.
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26
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Insights into the Action Mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Osteoarthritis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:5190986. [PMID: 28203259 PMCID: PMC5292158 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5190986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease characterized by articular cartilage destruction, synovial inflammation, and osteophyte formation. No effective treatments are available. The current pharmacological medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and analgesics, accompanied by possible adverse effects, might ameliorate OA symptoms. But they do not arrest the progression of OA. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) provides medical value by modification of disease and symptoms in OA. Valuable work on exploring TCM merits for OA patients has been investigated using modern technologies, although the complicated interacting network among the numerous components indicates the uncertainty of target specification. This review will provide an overview of the action mechanism of TCM in the last 5 years, discussing the TCM activities of anti-inflammation, antiapoptosis, antioxidation, anticatabolism, and proliferation in OA. TCM is a proposed medical option for OA treatment.
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27
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Mária J, Ingrid Ž. Effects of bioactive compounds on senescence and components of senescence associated secretory phenotypes in vitro. Food Funct 2017; 8:2394-2418. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00161d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Senescence is a permanent cell cycle arrest that is accompanied by changes in cell morphology and physiology occurringin vitroandin vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janubová Mária
- Institute of Medical Chemistry
- Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry
- Medical Faculty
- Comenius University
- 813 72 Bratislava
| | - Žitňanová Ingrid
- Institute of Medical Chemistry
- Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry
- Medical Faculty
- Comenius University
- 813 72 Bratislava
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28
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Chen Y, Lin S, Sun Y, Pan X, Xiao L, Zou L, Ho KW, Li G. Translational potential of ginsenoside Rb1 in managing progression of osteoarthritis. J Orthop Translat 2016; 6:27-33. [PMID: 30035080 PMCID: PMC5987022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disorder. Inflammatory cytokine plays an important role in OA progression. Previous studies have demonstrated that ginsenoside Rb1 would prevent inflammation and apoptosis in chondrocytes. However, we have not found any animal study reporting that Rb1 attenuates the severity of OA. OBJECTIVE In this study, we used a rat anterior cruciate ligament transaction plus medial meniscus resection (ACLT + MMx) model of OA and a cell model, to investigate whether administration of ginsenoside Rb1 may attenuate the progression of arthritis. METHODS In this in vivo study, 16-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: Group 1 (sham control group), Group 2 (Rb1-treated group), and Group 3 (OA group). In Groups 2 and 3, OA was induced in the right knee joint with ACLT + MMx in rats. Then Group 2 received continuous infusion of ginsenoside Rb1 via osmotic mini-pumps implanted subcutaneously. At 4 weeks after treatment, the rats were sacrificed. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) level was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); cartilage damage was assessed via histology (Safranin-O/fast green stain) and immunohistochemistry [matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP13) and type X collagen (Col X)]. For cell study, C5.18 (rat chondrocyte cell line) was used in this research. The effect of Rb1 on IL-1β-induced MMP13 or Col X expression level in C5.18 cells was investigated. RESULTS In this in vivo study, characteristics of OA were present in the OA group, in contrast to less severe damage generally observed in the Rb1 treatment group: first, IL-1β level was significantly decreased, and second, cartilage degeneration was attenuated, as indicated by lower histologic damage scores and lower percentages of MMP13 or Col X-positive chondrocytes. In the cell study, the results showed that Rb1 treatment would relieve the MMP13 or Col X expression in C5.18 cells induced by IL-1β. CONCLUSION In the present study, we demonstrated that Rb1 can attenuate the progression or severity of arthritis by reducing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfeng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
- The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sien Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
- The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuxin Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
- The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohua Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Bao-An District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liubin Xiao
- People's Hospital of New District Longhua, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liyi Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Ki Wai Ho
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
- The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Lim H, Park H, Kim HP. Effects of flavonoids on senescence-associated secretory phenotype formation from bleomycin-induced senescence in BJ fibroblasts. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 96:337-48. [PMID: 26093063 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
During senescence, cells express molecules called senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), including growth factors, proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and proteases. The SASP induces a chronic low-grade inflammation adjacent to cells and tissues, leading to degenerative diseases. The anti-inflammatory activity of flavonoids was investigated on SASP expression in senescent fibroblasts. Effects of flavonoids on SASP expression such as IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, GM-CSF, CXCL1, MCP-2 and MMP-3 and signaling molecules were examined in bleomycin-induced senescent BJ cells. In vivo activity of apigenin on SASP suppression was identified in the kidney of aged rats. Among the five naturally-occurring flavonoids initially tested, apigenin and kaempferol strongly inhibited the expression of SASP. These flavonoids inhibited NF-κB p65 activity via the IRAK1/IκBα signaling pathway and expression of IκBζ. Blocking IκBζ expression especially reduced the expression of SASP. A structure-activity relationship study using some synthetic flavones demonstrated that hydroxyl substitutions at C-2',3',4',5 and 7 were important in inhibiting SASP production. Finally, these results were verified by results showing that the oral administration of apigenin significantly reduced elevated levels of SASP and IκBζ mRNA in the kidneys of aged rats. This study is the first to show that certain flavonoids are inhibitors of SASP production, partially related to NF-κB p65 and IκBζ signaling pathway, and may effectively protect or alleviate chronic low-grade inflammation in degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and late-stage cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeil Park
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Pyo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Chen YJ, Chan DC, Lan KC, Wang CC, Chen CM, Chao SC, Tsai KS, Yang RS, Liu SH. PPARγ is involved in the hyperglycemia-induced inflammatory responses and collagen degradation in human chondrocytes and diabetic mouse cartilages. J Orthop Res 2015; 33:373-81. [PMID: 25410618 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic hyperglycemia has been suggested to play a role in osteoarthritis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) was implicated in several pathological conditions including diabetes and inflammation. The detailed effects and mechanisms of hyperglycemia on cartilage damage still need to be clarified. Here, we investigated the role of PPARγ in hyperglycemia-triggered chondrocyte/cartilage damages using a human chondrocyte culture model and a diabetic mouse model. Human chondrocytes were cultured and treated with high concentration of glucose (30 mM) to mimic hyperglycemia in the presence or absence of pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist. Streptozotocin (STZ) was used to induce mouse diabetes. Our data showed that high glucose induced the protein expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and production of prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2 ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), but decreased the protein expression of collagen II and PPARγ in human chondrocytes. These alterations in high glucose-treated human chondrocytes could be reversed by pioglitazone in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, pioglitazone administration could also significantly reverse the hyperglycemia, formation of AGEs, productions of IL-6 and MMP-13, and cartilage damage in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Taken together, these findings suggest that hyperglycemia down-regulates PPARγ expression and induces inflammatory and catabolic responses in human chondrocytes and diabetic mouse cartilages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ju Chen
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression in IL-1β-treated articular chondrocytes by a steroidal saponin, spicatoside A, and its cellular mechanisms of action. Arch Pharm Res 2015; 38:1108-16. [PMID: 25712888 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0581-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) plays a critical role in degrading major collagens in human cartilage under some pathological conditions such as osteoarthritis. To establish the therapeutic potential against cartilage degradation, the effects of 12 naturally-occurring triterpenoids and steroids on MMP-13 induction were examined in the human chondrocyte cell line, SW1353. They included coreanoside F1, suavissimoside R1, spicatoside A, 25(S)-ruscogenin, methyl protogracillin, hederagenin, loniceroside A, loniceroside B, loniceroside C, smilaxin A, smilaxin C, and ursolic acid. Among these, only spicatoside A and 25(S)-ruscogenin were found to inhibit MMP-13 expression in IL-1β-treated SW1353 cells at a pharmacologically-relevant concentration of 10 μM. These effects were also supported by the finding that spicatoside A (20 μM) reduced glycosaminoglycan release from IL-1α-treated rabbit joint cartilage culture to some degree. When the cellular mechanisms of action of spicatoside A in MMP-13 inhibition were investigated, the blocking point was not found among the MMP-13 signaling molecules examined such as mitogen-activated protein kinases, activator protein-1, and nuclear transcription factor-κB. Instead, spicatoside A was found to reduce MMP-13 mRNA stability. All of these findings suggest that spicatoside A and 25(S)-ruscogenin have a therapeutic potential for protecting against cartilage breakdown in arthritic disorders.
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32
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Lee YJ, Song KY, Lee EY, Kang HS, Song YW. Compound K, a Metabolite of Ginsenosides, Attenuates Collagen-induced Arthritis in Mice. JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES 2015. [DOI: 10.4078/jrd.2015.22.3.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kye Yong Song
- Department of Dermatology and Histopathology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heun Soo Kang
- Metabolab Inc., Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeong Wook Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Lee JH, Shehzad O, Ko SK, Kim YS, Kim HP. Matrix metalloproteinase-13 downregulation and potential cartilage protective action of the Korean Red Ginseng preparation. J Ginseng Res 2014; 39:54-60. [PMID: 25535477 PMCID: PMC4268559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was designed to prepare and find the optimum active preparation or fraction from Korea Red Ginseng inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) expression, because MMP-13 is a pivotal enzyme to degrade the collagen matrix of the joint cartilage. METHODS From total red ginseng ethanol extract, n-BuOH fraction (total ginsenoside-enriched fraction), ginsenoside diol-type-enriched fraction (GDF), and ginsenoside triol-type-enriched fraction (GTF) were prepared, and ginsenoside diol type-/F4-enriched fraction (GDF/F4) was obtained from Panax ginseng leaf extract. RESULTS The n-BuOH fraction, GDF, and GDF/F4 clearly inhibited MMP-13 expression compared to interleukin-1β-treated SW1353 cells (human chondrosarcoma), whereas the total extract and ginsenoside diol-type-enriched fraction did not. In particular, GDF/F4, the most effective inhibitor, blocked the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), c-Jun-activated protein kinase (JNK), and signal transducer and activator of transcription-1/2 (STAT-1/2) among the signal transcription pathways involved. Further, GDF/F4 also inhibited the glycosaminoglycan release from interleukin-1α-treated rabbit cartilage culture (30.6% inhibition at 30 μg/mL). CONCLUSION Some preparations from Korean Red Ginseng and ginseng leaves, particularly GDF/F4, may possess the protective activity against cartilage degradation in joint disorders, and may have potential as new therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je Hyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Korea
| | - Omer Shehzad
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Kwon Ko
- Department of Oriental Medical Food and Nutrition, Semyung University, Jecheon, Korea
| | - Yeong Shik Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Pyo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Korea
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