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Hodge K, Buck DJ, Das S, Davis RL. The effects of chronic, continuous β-funaltrexamine pre-treatment on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and behavioral deficits in C57BL/6J mice. J Inflamm (Lond) 2024; 21:33. [PMID: 39223594 PMCID: PMC11367784 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-024-00407-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation and neuroinflammation are integral to the progression and severity of many diseases and are strongly associated with cardiovascular disease, cancer, autoimmune disorders, neurodegenerative disease, and neuropsychiatric disorders. These diseases can be difficult to treat without addressing the underlying inflammation, and, as such, a growing need has arisen for pharmaceutical treatments that target inflammatory mediators and signaling pathways. Our lab has investigated the therapeutic potential of the irreversible µ-opioid antagonist β-funaltrexamine (β-FNA) and discovered that acute treatment ameliorates inflammation in astrocytes in vitro and inhibits central and peripheral inflammation and reduces anxiety- and sickness-like behavior in male C57BL/6J mice. Now, our investigation has expanded to investigate the chronic pre-treatment effects of β-FNA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and behavior in male C57BL/6J mice. RESULTS Micro-osmotic drug pumps were surgically inserted into the subcutaneous intrascapular space of male C57BL/6J mice. β-FNA or saline vehicle was continuously administered for seven days. On the sixth day, mice were given intraperitoneal injections of LPS or saline. An elevated plus maze test, followed by a forced swim test, were administered 24 h post-injection to measure sickness-, anxiety- and depressive-like behavior. Immediately after testing, frontal cortex, hippocampus, spleen, and plasma were collected. Levels of inflammatory chemokines C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) were measured in tissues by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to assess expression of the enzyme indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and the NLR family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NRLP3) inflammasome in frontal cortex and spleen tissues. Chronic pre-treatment robustly decreased inflammation in the hippocampus, frontal cortex, and spleen and reduced or abolished anxiety- and sickness-like behavior (e.g., increased time spent motionless, increased time spent in a contracted position, and reduced distance moved). However, treatment with β-FNA alone increased both inflammation in the frontal cortex and anxiety-like behavior. CONCLUSION These findings provide novel insights into the anti-inflammatory and behavior-modifying effects of chronic β-FNA pre-treatment and continue to support the therapeutic potential of β-FNA under inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karissa Hodge
- Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 1111 West 17th Street, Tulsa, OK, 74107, USA
| | - Daniel J Buck
- Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 1111 West 17th Street, Tulsa, OK, 74107, USA
| | - Subhas Das
- Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 1111 West 17th Street, Tulsa, OK, 74107, USA
| | - Randall L Davis
- Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 1111 West 17th Street, Tulsa, OK, 74107, USA.
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Bataduwaarachchi VR, Hansanie SMN, Rockwood N, D'Cruz LG. Immunomodulatory properties of morphine and the hypothesised role of long-term opioid use in the immunopathogenesis of tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1265511. [PMID: 37942336 PMCID: PMC10628761 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1265511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown high tuberculosis (TB) prevalence among chronic opioid users. Opioid receptors are found on multiple immune cells and immunomodulatory properties of opioids could be a contributory factor for ensuing immunosuppression and development or reactivation of TB. Toll-like receptors (TLR) mediate an immune response against microbial pathogens, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mycobacterial antigens and opioids co-stimulate TLRs 2/4/9 in immune cells, with resulting receptor cross-talk via multiple cytosolic secondary messengers, leading to significant immunomodulatory downstream effects. Blockade of specific immune pathways involved in the host defence against TB by morphine may play a critical role in causing tuberculosis among chronic morphine users despite multiple confounding factors such as socioeconomic deprivation, Human immunodeficiency virus co-infection and malnutrition. In this review, we map out immune pathways involved when immune cells are co-stimulated with mycobacterial antigens and morphine to explore a potential immunopathological basis for TB amongst long-term opioid users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipula R. Bataduwaarachchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
- Research and Innovation Department, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - SMN Hansanie
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Neesha Rockwood
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leon Gerard D'Cruz
- Research and Innovation Department, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
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Leon Duque MA, Vallavoju N, Woo CM. Chemical tools for the opioids. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 125:103845. [PMID: 36948231 PMCID: PMC10247539 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The opioids are potent and widely used pain management medicines despite also possessing severe liabilities that have fueled the opioid crisis. The pharmacological properties of the opioids primarily derive from agonism or antagonism of the opioid receptors, but additional effects may arise from specific compounds, opioid receptors, or independent targets. The study of the opioids, their receptors, and the development of remediation strategies has benefitted from derivatization of the opioids as chemical tools. While these studies have primarily focused on the opioids in the context of the opioid receptors, these chemical tools may also play a role in delineating mechanisms that are independent of the opioid receptors. In this review, we describe recent advances in the development and applications of opioid derivatives as chemical tools and highlight opportunities for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Anthony Leon Duque
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States of America
| | - Nandini Vallavoju
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States of America
| | - Christina M Woo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States of America.
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Myers S, McCracken K, Buck DJ, Curtis JT, Davis RL. Anti-inflammatory actions of β-funaltrexamine in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:349-358. [PMID: 36527567 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01113-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is involved in a wide range of brain disorders, thus there is great interest in identifying novel anti-inflammatory agents to include in therapeutic strategies. Our previous in vitro studies revealed that beta-funaltrexamine (β-FNA), a well-characterized selective mu-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist, inhibits inflammatory signaling in human astroglial cells, albeit through an apparent MOR-independent mechanism. We also previously determined that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sickness behavior and neuroinflammation in mice are prevented by pretreatment with β-FNA. Herein we investigated the temporal importance of β-FNA treatment in this pre-clinical model of LPS-induced neuroinflammation. Adult, male C57BL/6J mice were administered an i.p. injection of LPS followed by treatment (i.p. injection) with β-FNA immediately or 4 h post-LPS. Sickness behavior was assessed using an open-field test, followed by assessment of inflammatory signaling in the brain, spleen, and plasma. Levels of inflammatory chemokines/cytokines (interferon γ-induced protein, CXCL10; monocyte chemotactic protein 1, CCL2; and interleukin-6, IL-6) in tissues were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB), p38 mitogen activated kinase (p38 MAPK), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression were measured by western blot. LPS-induced sickness behavior and chemokine expression were inhibited more effectively when β-FNA treatment occurred immediately after LPS administration, as opposed to 4 h post-LPS; and β-FNA-mediated effects were time-dependent as evidenced by inhibition at 24 h, but not at 8 h. The inhibitory effects of β-FNA on chemokine expression were more evident in the brain versus the spleen or plasma. LPS-induced NFκB-p65 and p38 MAPK expression in the brain and spleen were inhibited at 8 and 24 h post-LPS. These findings extend our understanding of the anti-inflammatory effects of β-FNA and warrant further investigation into its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Myers
- Department of Pharmacology/Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, 74107, USA
| | - Kelly McCracken
- Department of Pharmacology/Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, 74107, USA
| | - Daniel J Buck
- Department of Pharmacology/Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, 74107, USA
| | - J Thomas Curtis
- Department of Pharmacology/Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, 74107, USA
| | - Randall L Davis
- Department of Pharmacology/Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, 74107, USA.
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Myers S, McCracken K, Buck DJ, Curtis JT, Davis RL. Anti-inflammatory effects of β-FNA are sex-dependent in a pre-clinical model of LPS-induced inflammation. J Inflamm (Lond) 2023; 20:4. [PMID: 36698151 PMCID: PMC9878921 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-023-00328-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is present in neurological and peripheral disorders. Thus, targeting inflammation has emerged as a viable option for treating these disorders. Previous work indicated pretreatment with beta-funaltrexamine (β-FNA), a selective mu-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist, inhibited inflammatory signaling in vitro in human astroglial cells, as well as lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation and sickness-like-behavior in mice. This study explores the protective effects of β-FNA when treatment occurs 10 h after LPS administration and is the first-ever investigation of the sex-dependent effects of β-FNA on LPS-induced inflammation in the brain and peripheral tissues, including the intestines. RESULTS Male and female C57BL/6J mice were administered LPS followed by treatment with β-FNA-immediately or 10 h post-LPS. Sickness- and anxiety-like behavior were assessed using an open-field test and an elevated-plus-maze test, followed by the collection of whole brain, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, cerebellum/brain stem, plasma, spleen, liver, large intestine (colon), proximal small intestine, and distal small intestine. Levels of inflammatory chemokines/cytokines (interferon γ-induced-protein, IP-10 (CXCL10); monocyte-chemotactic-protein 1, MCP-1 (CCL2); interleukin-6, IL-6; interleukin-1β, IL-1β; and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, TNF-α) in tissues were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Western blot analysis was used to assess nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) expression. There were sex-dependent differences in LPS-induced inflammation across brain regions and peripheral tissues. Overall, LPS-induced CXCL10, CCL2, TNF-α, and NF-κB were most effectively downregulated by β-FNA; and β-FNA effects differed across brain regions, peripheral tissues, timing of the dose, and in some instances, in a sex-dependent manner. β-FNA reduced LPS-induced anxiety-like behavior most effectively in female mice. CONCLUSION These findings provide novel insights into the sex-dependent anti-inflammatory effects of β-FNA and advance this agent as a potential therapeutic option for reducing both neuroinflammation an intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Myers
- grid.261367.70000 0004 0542 825XDepartment of Pharmacology/Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 1111 West 17th Street, Tulsa, OK 74107 USA
| | - Kelly McCracken
- grid.261367.70000 0004 0542 825XDepartment of Pharmacology/Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 1111 West 17th Street, Tulsa, OK 74107 USA
| | - Daniel J. Buck
- grid.261367.70000 0004 0542 825XDepartment of Pharmacology/Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 1111 West 17th Street, Tulsa, OK 74107 USA
| | - J. Thomas Curtis
- grid.261367.70000 0004 0542 825XDepartment of Pharmacology/Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 1111 West 17th Street, Tulsa, OK 74107 USA
| | - Randall L. Davis
- grid.261367.70000 0004 0542 825XDepartment of Pharmacology/Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 1111 West 17th Street, Tulsa, OK 74107 USA
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6
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β-Funaltrexamine Displayed Anti-inflammatory and Neuroprotective Effects in Cells and Rat Model of Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113866. [PMID: 32485857 PMCID: PMC7313048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic treatment involving opioids exacerbates both the risk and severity of ischemic stroke. We have provided experimental evidence showing the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of the μ opioid receptor antagonist β-funaltrexamine for neurodegenerative diseases in rat neuron/glia cultures and a rat model of cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R) injury. Independent of in vitro Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon (IFN-γ)-stimulated neuron/glia cultures and in vivo cerebral I/R injury in Sprague–Dawley rats, β-funaltrexamine downregulated neuroinflammation and ameliorated neuronal degeneration. Alterations in microglia polarization favoring the classical activation state occurred in LPS/IFN-γ-stimulated neuron/glia cultures and cerebral I/R-injured cortical brains. β-funaltrexamine shifted the polarization of microglia towards the anti-inflammatory phenotype, as evidenced by decreased nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and prostaglandin E2, along with increased CD163 and arginase 1. Mechanistic studies showed that the suppression of microglia pro-inflammatory polarization by β-funaltrexamine was accompanied by the reduction of NF-κB, AP-1, cyclic AMP response element-binding protein, along with signal transducers and activators of transcription transcriptional activities and associated upstream activators. The effects of β-funaltrexamine are closely linked with its action on neuroinflammation by switching microglia polarization from pro-inflammatory towards anti-inflammatory phenotypes. These findings provide new insights into the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective mechanisms of β-funaltrexamine in combating neurodegenerative diseases, such as stroke.
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Karagiannis TT, Cleary JP, Gok B, Henderson AJ, Martin NG, Yajima M, Nelson EC, Cheng CS. Single cell transcriptomics reveals opioid usage evokes widespread suppression of antiviral gene program. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2611. [PMID: 32457298 PMCID: PMC7250875 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16159-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic opioid usage not only causes addiction behavior through the central nervous system, but also modulates the peripheral immune system. However, how opioid impacts the immune system is still barely characterized systematically. In order to understand the immune modulatory effect of opioids in an unbiased way, here we perform single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from opioid-dependent individuals and controls to show that chronic opioid usage evokes widespread suppression of antiviral gene program in naive monocytes, as well as in multiple immune cell types upon stimulation with the pathogen component lipopolysaccharide. Furthermore, scRNA-seq reveals the same phenomenon after a short in vitro morphine treatment. These findings indicate that both acute and chronic opioid exposure may be harmful to our immune system by suppressing the antiviral gene program. Our results suggest that further characterization of the immune modulatory effects of opioid is critical to ensure the safety of clinical opioids. Over 100 million of opioid prescriptions are issued yearly in the USA alone, but the impact of opioid use on the immune system is barely characterized. Here the authors report antiviral immune response is blunted in several types of blood cells from opioid-dependent individuals, and when healthy donor cells are exposed to morphine in a dish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya T Karagiannis
- Program in Bioinformatics, Boston University, 24 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - John P Cleary
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Program in Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Boston University, 24 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Busra Gok
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Boston University, 24 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Andrew J Henderson
- Department of Medicine and Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 650 Albany St, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Masanao Yajima
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, 111 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Elliot C Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Christine S Cheng
- Program in Bioinformatics, Boston University, 24 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. .,Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. .,Program in Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Boston University, 24 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. .,Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Boston University, 24 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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Kery R, Chen APF, Kirschen GW. Genetic targeting of astrocytes to combat neurodegenerative disease. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:199-211. [PMID: 31552885 PMCID: PMC6905329 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.265541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes, glial cells that interact extensively with neurons and other support cells throughout the central nervous system, have recently come under the spotlight for their potential contribution to, or potential regenerative role in a host of neurodegenerative disorders. It is becoming increasingly clear that astrocytes, in concert with microglial cells, activate intrinsic immunological pathways in the setting of neurodegenerative injury, although the direct and indirect consequences of such activation are still largely unknown. We review the current literature on the astrocyte’s role in several neurodegenerative diseases, as well as highlighting recent advances in genetic manipulation of astrocytes that may prove critical to modulating their response to neurological injury, potentially combatting neurodegenerative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Kery
- Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), Stony Brook Medicine; Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Allen P F Chen
- Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), Stony Brook Medicine; Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Gregory W Kirschen
- Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Sahley TL, Anderson DJ, Hammonds MD, Chandu K, Musiek FE. Evidence for a dynorphin-mediated inner ear immune/inflammatory response and glutamate-induced neural excitotoxicity: an updated analysis. J Neurophysiol 2019; 122:1421-1460. [DOI: 10.1152/jn.00595.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acoustic overstimulation (AOS) is defined as the stressful overexposure to high-intensity sounds. AOS is a precipitating factor that leads to a glutamate (GLU)-induced Type I auditory neural excitotoxicity and an activation of an immune/inflammatory/oxidative stress response within the inner ear, often resulting in cochlear hearing loss. The dendrites of the Type I auditory neural neurons that innervate the inner hair cells (IHCs), and respond to the IHC release of the excitatory neurotransmitter GLU, are themselves directly innervated by the dynorphin (DYN)-bearing axon terminals of the descending brain stem lateral olivocochlear (LOC) system. DYNs are known to increase GLU availability, potentiate GLU excitotoxicity, and induce superoxide production. DYNs also increase the production of proinflammatory cytokines by modulating immune/inflammatory signal transduction pathways. Evidence is provided supporting the possibility that the GLU-mediated Type I auditory neural dendritic swelling, inflammation, excitotoxicity, and cochlear hearing loss that follow AOS may be part of a brain stem-activated, DYN-mediated cascade of inflammatory events subsequent to a LOC release of DYNs into the cochlea. In support of a DYN-mediated cascade of events are established investigations linking DYNs to the immune/inflammatory/excitotoxic response in other neural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony L. Sahley
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio
- School of Health Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - David J. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Karthik Chandu
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Frank E. Musiek
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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Yin MS, Zhang YC, Xu SH, Liu JJ, Sun XH, Liang C, Wang Y, Li J, Wang FW, Wang QL, Mu YL. Puerarin prevents diabetic cardiomyopathy in vivo and in vitro by inhibition of inflammation. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2019; 21:476-493. [PMID: 29322879 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2017.1405941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the chief diabetes mellitus complications. Inflammation factors may be one reason for the damage from DM. The purpose of this research is to study the potential protective effects of puerarin on DM and the possible mechanisms of action related to NF-κB signal pathway. Following administration of puerarin to the disease model rat, several changes were observed including the changes of serum biochemical index, improved diastolic dysfunction, and enhanced endogenous antioxidant enzymes activities, further NF-κB signaling activation. Puerarin showed cardio-protective effects on DCM by inhibiting inflammation, and it might be a potential candidate for the treatment of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Shan Yin
- a Center for Drug Evaluation , Food and Drug Administration , Beijing 100038 , China
- b Key Laboratory for Rare Disease of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences , Jinan , China
| | - Yi-Chi Zhang
- c Department of Pharmacy , Jinan Children's Hospital , Jinan 250022 , China
| | - Shu-Hong Xu
- d State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
| | - Jing-Jing Liu
- b Key Laboratory for Rare Disease of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences , Jinan , China
| | - Xiao-Hui Sun
- b Key Laboratory for Rare Disease of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences , Jinan , China
| | - Chen Liang
- b Key Laboratory for Rare Disease of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences , Jinan , China
| | - Yan Wang
- b Key Laboratory for Rare Disease of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences , Jinan , China
| | - Jie Li
- b Key Laboratory for Rare Disease of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences , Jinan , China
| | - Fu-Wen Wang
- b Key Laboratory for Rare Disease of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences , Jinan , China
| | - Qing-Li Wang
- a Center for Drug Evaluation , Food and Drug Administration , Beijing 100038 , China
| | - Yan-Ling Mu
- b Key Laboratory for Rare Disease of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences , Jinan , China
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The opioid antagonist, β-funaltrexamine, inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation and reduces sickness behavior in mice. Physiol Behav 2017; 173:52-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-eighth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2015 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior, and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia, stress and social status, tolerance and dependence, learning and memory, eating and drinking, drug abuse and alcohol, sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology, mental illness and mood, seizures and neurologic disorders, electrical-related activity and neurophysiology, general activity and locomotion, gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions, cardiovascular responses, respiration and thermoregulation, and immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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Pan Y, Sun X, Jiang L, Hu L, Kong H, Han Y, Qian C, Song C, Qian Y, Liu W. Metformin reduces morphine tolerance by inhibiting microglial-mediated neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:294. [PMID: 27855689 PMCID: PMC5114746 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0754-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tolerance seriously impedes the application of morphine in clinical medicine. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the exact mechanisms and efficient treatment. Microglial activation and neuroinflammation in the spinal cord are thought to play pivotal roles on the genesis and maintaining of morphine tolerance. Activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase (AMPK) has been associated with the inhibition of inflammatory nociception. Metformin, a biguanide class of antidiabetic drugs and activator of AMPK, has a potential anti-inflammatory effect. The present study evaluated the effects and potential mechanisms of metformin in inhibiting microglial activation and alleviating the antinociceptive tolerance of morphine. Methods The microglial cell line BV-2 cells and mouse brain-derived endothelial cell line bEnd3 cells were used. Cytokine expression was measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cell signaling was assayed by western blot and immunohistochemistry. The antinociception and morphine tolerance were assessed in CD-1 mice using tail-flick tests. Results We found that morphine-activated BV-2 cells, including the upregulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) phosphorylation, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) mRNA expression, which was inhibited by metformin. Metformin suppressed morphine-induced BV-2 cells activation through increasing AMPK phosphorylation, which was reversed by the AMPK inhibitor compound C. Additionally, in BV-2 cells, morphine did not affect the cell viability and the mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines. In bEnd3 cells, morphine did not affect the mRNA expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), but increased IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA expression; the effect was inhibited by metformin. Morphine also did not affect the mRNA expression of TLR-4 and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2). Furthermore, systemic administration of metformin significantly blocked morphine-induced microglial activation in the spinal cord and then attenuated the development of chronic morphine tolerance in mice. Conclusions Metformin significantly attenuated morphine antinociceptive tolerance by suppressing morphine-induced microglial activation through increasing AMPK phosphorylation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0754-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinbing Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodi Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Lai Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Kong
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Han
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Song
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanning Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wentao Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China.
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Khabbazi S, Xie N, Pu W, Goumon Y, Parat MO. The TLR4-Active Morphine Metabolite Morphine-3-Glucuronide Does Not Elicit Macrophage Classical Activation In Vitro. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:441. [PMID: 27909407 PMCID: PMC5112272 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are abundant in the tumor microenvironment where they adopt a pro-tumor phenotype following alternative polarization induced by paracrine factors from cancer and stromal cells. In contrast, classically activated macrophages have tumoricidal activities, such that the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages has become a novel therapeutic target. Toll-like receptor 4 engagement promotes classical activation of macrophages, and recent literature suggests TLR4 agonism to prevent metastasis and promote survival in experimental metastasis models. A growing number of studies indicate that TLR4 can respond to opioids, including the opioid receptor-inactive morphine metabolite morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G). We measured the activation of TLR4 in a reporter cell line exogenously expressing TLR4 and TLR4 co-receptors, and confirmed that M3G weakly but significantly activates TLR4. We hypothesized that M3G would promote the expression of classical activation signature genes in macrophages in vitro. We exposed mouse and human macrophage cell lines to M3G or the TLR4 activator lipopolysaccharide (LPS), alone or in combination with interferon gamma (IFN-γ). The classical macrophage activation markers tested were iNOS, CD86, IL-6, or TNF-α in RAW 264.7 cells and IL-6, IL-12, IL-23, TNF-α, CXCL10, and CXCL11 in THP1 cells. Our results show that despite exhibiting TLR4-activation ability, M3G does not elicit the expression of classical activation markers in LPS-responsive macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Khabbazi
- Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba QLD, Australia
| | - Nan Xie
- Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba QLD, Australia
| | - Wenjun Pu
- Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba QLD, Australia
| | - Yannick Goumon
- CNRS UPR3212, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-University of Strasbourg Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie-Odile Parat
- Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba QLD, Australia
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O'Sullivan SA, Gasparini F, Mir AK, Dev KK. Fractalkine shedding is mediated by p38 and the ADAM10 protease under pro-inflammatory conditions in human astrocytes. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:189. [PMID: 27549131 PMCID: PMC4994207 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0659-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The fractalkine (CX3CR1) ligand is expressed in astrocytes and reported to be neuroprotective. When cleaved from the membrane, soluble fractalkine (sCX3CL1) activates the receptor CX3CR1. Although somewhat controversial, CX3CR1 is reported to be expressed in neurons and microglia. The membrane-bound form of CX3CL1 additionally acts as an adhesion molecule for microglia and infiltrating white blood cells. Much research has been done on the role of fractalkine in neuronal cells; however, little is known about the regulation of the CX3CL1 ligand in astrocytes. Methods The mechanisms involved in the up-regulation and cleavage of CX3CL1 from human astrocytes were investigated using immunocytochemistry, Q-PCR and ELISA. All statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 5. Results A combination of ADAM17 (TACE) and ADAM10 protease inhibitors was found to attenuate IL-1β-, TNF-α- and IFN-γ-induced sCX3CL1 levels in astrocytes. A specific ADAM10 (but not ADAM17) inhibitor also attenuated these effects, suggesting ADAM10 proteases induce release of sCX3CL1 from stimulated human astrocytes. A p38 MAPK inhibitor also attenuated the levels of sCX3CL1 upon treatment with IL-1β, TNF-α or IFN-γ. In addition, an IKKβ inhibitor significantly reduced the levels of sCX3CL1 induced by IL-1β or TNF-α in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting a role for the NF-kB pathway. Conclusions In conclusion, this study shows that the release of soluble astrocytic fractalkine is regulated by ADAM10 proteases with p38 MAPK also playing a role in the fractalkine shedding event. These findings are important for understanding the role of CX3CL1 in healthy and stimulated astrocytes and may benefit our understanding of this pathway in neuro-inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0659-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinead A O'Sullivan
- Drug Development, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fabrizio Gasparini
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anis K Mir
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kumlesh K Dev
- Drug Development, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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