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Kerdsuknirund S, Kosinan A, Khunkaewla P, Kupittayanant P, Oonsivilai R, Tongdee P, Nimkuntod P, Wray S, Kupittayanant S. Therapeutic Potential of Thunbergia laurifolia L. Extract in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Insights from a Rat Model. Chin J Integr Med 2024:10.1007/s11655-024-3764-y. [PMID: 38941042 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-024-3764-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of Thunbergia laurifolia L. extract (TLE) on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a rat model. METHODS Thunbergia laurifolin L. leaves were subjected to ethanolic extraction. In vivo study, 50 pregnant rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (10 for each): non-GDM group, GDM induced by streptozotocin (STZ, 60 mg/kg i.p.), metformin (MET) 100 mg/kg, TLE 50, and 500 mg/kg groups. Administration was performed on gestation day 7 until term (day 21). The effects of TLE on blood glucose, insulin levels, lipid profiles, liver enzymes, and maternal performances were assessed. In in vitro study, the effect of TLE was examined using the organ bath for uterine force measurement. RESULTS In in vivo study, TLE significantly reduced blood glucose as compared to GDM (P<0.05) with gradually increased insulin level. This effect was consistent with islets of Langerhans restoration. Histologically, the uterine muscular layer displayed a marked increase in fiber area in response to both doses as compared to GDM (P<0.05). Additionally, TLE significantly reduced total cholesterol, triglyceride, and alanine transaminase levels (P<0.05). Intriguingly, TLE also led to a notable augmentation in gravid uterus size, live fetuses count, and implantation numbers, while significantly reducing the post-implantation loss rate associated with fetal classification (P<0.05). Thus, GDM improvements were close to those produced by MET. In in vitro study, TLE exerted a concentration-dependent inhibition of spontaneous uterine contractility (half-maximal inhibition concentration=1.2 mg/L). This inhibitory effect extended to potassium chloride depolarization and oxytocin-mediated contractions. When combined with its major constituent, rosmarinic acid, TLE produced an enhanced inhibitory effect (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS TLE ameliorated blood glucose levels, enhanced uterine muscular structure, and improved maternal and fetal performance in GDM. TLE also displayed tocolytic properties. These findings underscore the need for further exploration of TLE as a potential tocolytic agent to mitigate GDM-associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasitorn Kerdsuknirund
- School of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Arreeya Kosinan
- Biochemistry-Electrochemistry Research Unit, School of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Panida Khunkaewla
- Biochemistry-Electrochemistry Research Unit, School of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Pakanit Kupittayanant
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Ratchadaporn Oonsivilai
- School of Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Pattama Tongdee
- School of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Porntip Nimkuntod
- School of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Susan Wray
- Harris-Wellbeing Preterm Birth Research Centre, Department of Women and Children's Health, the Institute of Lifecourse and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sajeera Kupittayanant
- School of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand.
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Tang F, Yan HL, Wang LX, Xu JF, Peng C, Ao H, Tan YZ. Review of Natural Resources With Vasodilation: Traditional Medicinal Plants, Natural Products, and Their Mechanism and Clinical Efficacy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:627458. [PMID: 33867985 PMCID: PMC8048554 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.627458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, chronic diseases including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CCVDs) have plagued the world. Meanwhile, we have noticed a close association between CCVDs and vascular lesions, such as hypertension. More focus has been placed on TMPs and natural products with vasodilation and hypotension. TMPs with vasodilatory and hypotensive activities are mainly from Compositae, Lamiaceae, and Orchidaceae (such as V. amygdalina Del., T. procuinbens L., M. glomerata Spreng., K. galanga L., etc.) whereas natural products eliciting vasorelaxant potentials were primarily from flavonoids, phenolic acids and alkaloids (such as apigenin, puerarin, curcumin, sinomenine, etc.). Furthermore, the data analysis showed that the vasodilatory function of TMPs was mainly concerned with the activation of eNOS, while the natural products were primarily correlated with the blockage of calcium channel. Thus, TMPs will be used as alternative drugs and nutritional supplements, while natural products will be considered as potential therapies for CCVDs in the future. This study provides comprehensive and valuable references for the prevention and treatment of hypertension and CCVDs and sheds light on the further studies in this regard. However, since most studies are in vitro and preclinical, there is a need for more in-depth researches and clinical trials to understand the potential of these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong-Ling Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li-Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin-Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Ao
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Zhu Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Chaudhry MA, Mushtaq MN, Bukhari IA, Assiri AM. Ipomoea hederacea Jacq.: A plant with promising antihypertensive and cardio-protective effects. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 268:113584. [PMID: 33189838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Seeds of Ipomoea hederacea Jacq. (family: Convolvulaceae) are traditionally used to treat high blood pressure and cardiac diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY Present study was conducted to validate the traditional claim and explore the possible mechanism(s) of antihypertensive effects of I. hederacea. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aqueous-ethanolic extract and activity based fractions of I. hederacea were evaluated using invasive blood pressure measuring technique, isolated tissue experiments, fructose induced hypertension/metabolic syndrome and biochemical analysis.Phytochemical analysis of active fraction was performed with aim to identify chemical composition of I. hederacea seeds. LC-MS analysis was also performed to identify the compounds proposed to be present in active fraction of I. hederacea seeds. RESULTS Crude extract/fractions of I. hederacea showed dose (0.01-100 mg/kg) dependent significant hypotensive effect in normotensive anesthetized rats, similar to verapamil (0.01-30 mg/kg). Pretreatment with hexamethonium and atropine mediated no significant changes in hypotensive effect of butanol fraction of I. hederacea (Ih.Bn) at 3 mg/kg dose. However, a significant decrease in the hypotensive effect of Ih.Bn 3 mg/kg (-34.82 ± 3.36%; p < 0.05) was observed in the presence of L-NAME (20 mg/kg). Similarly, Ih.Bn (3 mg/kg) showed no significant effect on angiotensin-II response. However, response of phenylephrine (45.60 ± 9.63%; p < 0.05) and dobutamine (18.25 ± 2.10%; p < 0.01) was significantly decreased in the presence of Ih.Bn 3 mg/kg. Ih.Bn also exhibited dose dependent (0.01-100 mg/kg) antihypertensive effect in fructose induced hypertensive rats, similar to verapamil (0.01-30 mg/kg). Concomitant treatment with Ih.Bn (3, 10 and 30 mg/kg) for six weeks showed a dose dependent profound protection with significant (p < 0.01) effect at 30 mg/kg against fructose induced basal mean arterial pressure (142.2 ± 4.62 mmHg). Ih.Bn did not significantly change response of PE, Ang-II and Epi was observed in invasive and ex vivo techniques. However, Ih.Bn significantly (p < 0.01; p < 0.001) prevented against decrease in vascular response of acetylcholine in anesthetized rats and in isolated aorta of rat. A significant dose dependent decrease in triglyceride and glucose level (p < 0.001), and increase in HDL level (p < 0.05) was observed in Ih.Bn treated groups. Results of LC-MS analysis of Ih.Bn showed the presence of 24 compounds that belong to different chemical classes, including carboxylic acid, flavonoids, oligopeptides and tripeptide that are known to have antihypertensive and vasorelaxant properties. CONCLUSIONS Results of present study indicate the presence of hypotensive/antihypertensive effect in crude extract/fractions of I. hederacea with most potent effect shown by butanol fraction (Ih.Bn), possibly mediated through α1 blocking, β blocking and iNOS/cGMP stimulating activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mueen Ahmad Chaudhry
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research and Integrative Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan; Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Ishfaq Ali Bukhari
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, King Saud University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asaad Mohamed Assiri
- Prince Abdullah Ben Khaled Celiac Disease Research Chair, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Blažević T, Reznicek G, Ding L, Yang G, Haiss P, Heiss EH, Dirsch VM, Liu R. Short Chain (≤C4) Esterification Increases Bioavailability of Rosmarinic Acid and Its Potency to Inhibit Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:609756. [PMID: 33551811 PMCID: PMC7859449 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.609756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid is a natural phenolic acid and active compound found in many culinary plants, such as rosemary, mint, basil and perilla. Aiming to improve the pharmacokinetic profile of rosmarinic acid and its activity on vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, we generated a series of rosmarinic acid esters with increasing alkyl chain length ranging from C1 to C12. UHPLC-MS/MS analysis of rat blood samples revealed the highest increase in bioavailability of rosmarinic acid, up to 10.52%, after oral administration of its butyl ester, compared to only 1.57% after rosmarinic acid had been administered in its original form. When added to vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro, all rosmarinic acid esters were taken up, remained esterified and inhibited vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation with IC50 values declining as the length of alkyl chains increased up to C4, with an IC50 of 2.84 µM for rosmarinic acid butyl ester, as evident in a resazurin assay. Vascular smooth muscle cells were arrested in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle and the retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation was blocked. Esterification with longer alkyl chains did not improve absorption and resulted in cytotoxicity in in vitro settings. In this study, we proved that esterification with proper length of alkyl chains (C1-C4) is a promising way to improve in vivo bioavailability of rosmarinic acid in rats and in vitro biological activity in rat vascular smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Blažević
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gottfried Reznicek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Limin Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, University of Yantai, Yantai, China
| | - Gangqiang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, University of Yantai, Yantai, China
| | - Patricia Haiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elke H Heiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena M Dirsch
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rongxia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, University of Yantai, Yantai, China
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Loh YC, Chan SY, Tew WY, Oo CW, Yam MF. New flavonoid-based compound synthesis strategy for antihypertensive drug development. Life Sci 2020; 249:117512. [PMID: 32145305 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the leading causes of mortality in relation to the cardiovascular conditions and easily the most overlooked and poorly managed disease in mankind. With well over 200 drugs available in the market globally, there is still an urgency to search for antihypertensive alternatives due to the subpar efficacy and unwarranted side effects of the current choices. Present studies reported over 250 types of plant-derived compounds were being investigated for potential pharmacological effects on the vasculature in the last 3 decades. There were numerous literatures that claimed various compounds exhibiting vasorelaxant properties to a certain extent with low numbers of these compounds being successfully adapted into the current medicinal practice for treatment of hypertension. The issue is the scarcity of reviews that summarizes the discovery of this field and the lack of thorough comparison of these compounds to identify which of these vasodilators should be the next face of hypertension management. Thus, this review is aiming towards identifying the relationship between a major class of plant-derived compounds, flavonoid's activity as a vasodilator with their signalling pathways and their structural characteristics according to their vasorelaxant properties. Interestingly, we found that both nitric oxide and voltage-operated calcium channels pathways, and two of the flavonoid's structural characteristics play crucial roles in eliciting strong vasorelaxant effects. We have faith that the insights of this review will serve as a reference for those researching similar topics in the future and potentially lead to the development of more promising antihypertensive alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yean Chun Loh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Sock Ying Chan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Wan Yin Tew
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chuan Wei Oo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Mun Fei Yam
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
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Pantan R, Tocharus J, Nakaew A, Suksamrarn A, Tocharus C. Ethyl Rosmarinate Prevents the Impairment of Vascular Function and Morphological Changes in L-NAME-Induced Hypertensive Rats. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2019; 55:E777. [PMID: 31817916 PMCID: PMC6956334 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55120777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The potent, endothelium-independent, vasorelaxant effect of ethyl rosmarinate, an ester derivative of rosmarinic acid, makes it of interest as an alternative therapeutic agent for use in hypertension. This study was designed to investigate the effect of ethyl rosmarinate on Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertensive rats. Materials and Methods: L-NAME was given orally to male Wistar rats for 6 weeks to induce hypertension concurrently with treatment of ethyl rosmarinate at 5, 15, or 30 mg/kgor enalapril at 10 mg/kg Systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate, and body weight of all experimental groups were recorded weekly, while the vascular sensitivity and histological changes of the aorta were evaluated at the end of the experiment. Results: For all treatment groups, the data indicated that ethyl rosmarinate significantly attenuated the SBP in hypertensive rats induced by L-NAME, with no significant differences in heart rate and body weight. In addition, the response of vascular sensitivity to acetylcholine (ACh) was improved but there was no significant difference in the response to sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Furthermore, the sensitivity of the aorta to phenylephrine (PE) was significantly decreased. The thickness of the aortic wall did not differ between groups but the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was increased in ethyl rosmarinate- and enalapril-treated groups compared with the hypertensive group. Conclusions: Ethyl rosmarinate is an interesting candidate as an alternative treatment for hypertension due to its ability to improve vascular function and to increase the expression of eNOS similar to enalapril which is a drug commonly used in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rungusa Pantan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Jiraporn Tocharus
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Archawin Nakaew
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
| | - Apichart Suksamrarn
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
| | - Chainarong Tocharus
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
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Screening active ingredients of rosemary based on spectrum-effect relationships between UPLC fingerprint and vasorelaxant activity using three chemometrics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1134-1135:121854. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Shen YH, Wang LY, Zhang BB, Hu QM, Wang P, He BQ, Bao GH, Liang JY, Wu FH. Ethyl Rosmarinate Protects High Glucose-Induced Injury in Human Endothelial Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:E3372. [PMID: 30572638 PMCID: PMC6321336 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethyl rosmarinate (RAE) is one of the active constituents from Clinopodium chinense (Benth.) O. Kuntze, which is used for diabetic treatment in Chinese folk medicine. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of RAE on high glucose-induced injury in endothelial cells and explored its underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that both RAE and rosmarinic acid (RA) increased cell viability, decreased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and attenuated high glucose-induced endothelial cells apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, as evidenced by Hochest staining, Annexin V⁻FITC/PI double staining, and caspase-3 activity. RAE and RA both elevated Bcl-2 expression and reduced Bax expression, according to Western blot. We also found that LY294002 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, or PI3K inhibitor) weakened the protective effect of RAE. In addition, PDTC (nuclear factor-κB, or NF-κB inhibitor) and SP600125 (c-Jun N-terminal kinase, or JNK inhibitor) could inhibit the apoptosis in endothelial cells caused by high glucose. Further, we demonstrated that RAE activated Akt, and the molecular docking analysis predicted that RAE showed more affinity with Akt than RA. Moreover, we found that RAE inhibited the activation of NF-κB and JNK. These results suggested that RAE protected endothelial cells from high glucose-induced apoptosis by alleviating reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and regulating the PI3K/Akt/Bcl-2 pathway, the NF-κB pathway, and the JNK pathway. In general, RAE showed greater potency than RA equivalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hui Shen
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Li-Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Bao-Bao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Qi-Ming Hu
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Pu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Bai-Qiu He
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Guan-Hu Bao
- Natural Products Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Jing-Yu Liang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Fei-Hua Wu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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Amoah SKS, Biavatti MW. A LC-MS validated method for quantification of rosmarinic acid and sesquiterpene lactones in Hedyosmum brasiliense. J Chromatogr Sci 2018; 56:812-818. [PMID: 29897423 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmy057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The leaves of the aromatic neotropical shrub Hedyosmum brasiliense are employed popularly as a sedative, aphrodisiac and as a substitute for green tea. Sesquiterpene lactones and phenolic compounds were characterized as the main compounds of its aqueous extract, and some biological investigation demonstrated its anxiolytic, antidepressant and hypnotic effects. The quantification of podoandin, onoseriolide and rosmarinic acid in its infused tea was achieved by means of ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a electronspray ionization interface and a high resolution mass detector. Quantification of the analytes was performed employing the areas of the extracted ion chromatograms of the analytes, negative ion mode for rosmarinic acid (1) and positive mode for podoandin (2) and onoseriolide (3). The method was validated by evaluating specificity, linearity, precision and accuracy and has been found to be sensitive, precise and accurate. When applied to analyze the hot water infusion extract of H. brasiliense, compounds 1, 2 and 3 were obtained to be 188 ± 1.45 mg/g, 1.9 ± 0.15 mg/g and 1.7 ± 0.02 mg/g of extract, respectively. The H. brasiliense tea was found to be a good source of the rosmarinic acid, also widely employed in the cosmetic industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon K S Amoah
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
- Departamento de Metrologia, Instituto SENAI de Tecnologia em Alimentos e Bebidas, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Maique W Biavatti
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Gerogianni PS, Chatziathanasiadou MV, Diamantis DA, Tzakos AG, Galaris D. Lipophilic ester and amide derivatives of rosmarinic acid protect cells against H 2O 2-induced DNA damage and apoptosis: The potential role of intracellular accumulation and labile iron chelation. Redox Biol 2018; 15:548-556. [PMID: 29413966 PMCID: PMC5975196 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic acids represent abundant components contained in human diet. However, the negative charge in their carboxylic group limits their capacity to diffuse through biological membranes, thus hindering their access to cell interior. In order to promote the diffusion of rosmarinic acid through biological membranes, we synthesized several lipophilic ester- and amide-derivatives of this compound and evaluated their capacity to prevent H2O2-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in cultured human cells. Esterification of the carboxylic moiety with lipophilic groups strongly enhanced the capacity of rosmarinic acid to protect cells. On the other hand, the amide-derivatives were somewhat less effective but exerted less cytotoxicity at high concentrations. Cell uptake experiments, using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS), illustrated different levels of intracellular accumulation among the ester- and amide-derivatives, with the first being more effectively accumulated, probably due to their extensive hydrolysis inside the cells. In conclusion, these results highlight the hitherto unrecognized fundamental importance of derivatization of diet-derived phenolic acids to unveil their biological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi S Gerogianni
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Maria V Chatziathanasiadou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios A Diamantis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Andreas G Tzakos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Galaris
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
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Thammason H, Khetkam P, Pabuprapap W, Suksamrarn A, Kunthalert D. Ethyl rosmarinate inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide and prostaglandin E 2 production in alveolar macrophages. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 824:17-23. [PMID: 29391157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a series of rosmarinic acid and analogs were investigated for their anti-inflammatory potential against LPS-induced alveolar macrophages (MH-S). Our results showed that, among the test compounds, ethyl rosmarinate (3) exhibited the most potent inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-induced MH-S cells, with low cytotoxicity. Compound 3 exhibited remarkable inhibition of the production of PGE2 in LPS-induced MH-S cells. The inhibitory potency of compound 3 against LPS-induced NO and PGE2 release was approximately two-fold higher than that of dexamethasone. Compound 3 significantly decreased the mRNA and protein expression of iNOS and COX-2 and suppressed p65 expression in the nucleus in LPS-induced MH-S cells. These results suggested that compound 3 inhibited NO and PGE2 production, at least in part, through the down-regulation of NF-κB activation. Analysis of structure-activity relationship revealed that the free carboxylic group did not contribute to inhibitory activity and that the alkyl group of the corresponding alkyl ester analogs produced a strong inhibitory effect. We concluded that compound 3, a structurally modified rosmarinic acid, possessed potent inhibitory activity against lung inflammation, which strongly supported the development of this compound as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of macrophage-mediated lung inflammatory diseases, such as COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hathairat Thammason
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Pichit Khetkam
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
| | - Wachirachai Pabuprapap
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
| | - Apichart Suksamrarn
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand.
| | - Duangkamol Kunthalert
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand; Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
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Ferreira LG, Evora PRB, Capellini VK, Albuquerque AA, Carvalho MTM, Gomes RADS, Parolini MT, Celotto AC. Effect of rosmarinic acid on the arterial blood pressure in normotensive and hypertensive rats: Role of ACE. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 38:158-165. [PMID: 29425648 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, it has been demonstrated the inhibitory effect of some plant species on the angiotensin-converting enzyme and rosmarinic acid is a prominent constituent of these species. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE This study was carried out to verify the effect of rosmarinic acid on blood pressure through inhibitory activity on angiotensin-converting enzyme in rats. STUDY DESIGN The arterial hypertension was promoted using 2-kidneys 1-clip model in rats. The potential inhibitory rosmarinic acid effect on angiotensin-converting enzyme activity was compared with captopril actions by analyzing in vivo blood pressure dose-response curves to angiotensin I and bradykinin. The in vitro plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme activity was measured by fluorimetry using the substrate Abz-FRK(Dnp)P-OH substrate. In addition, dosages of nitrite/nítrate analysis were carried out. RESULTS (1) rosmarinic acid caused systolic blood pressure dose-dependent decrease in hypertensive rats; (2) The angiotensin I dose-response curves demonstrated that rosmarinic acid promotes minor changes in systolic blood pressure only in the hypertensive group; (3) The bradykinin dose-response curves showed that both rosmarinic acid and captopril promoted a systolic blood pressure reduction, but only the captopril effect was significant; (4) The angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in rat lung tissue was inhibited by the rosmarinic acid in a dose dependent manner; (5) The analysis of nitrite/nítrate plasma concentrations showed no significant difference among the experimental groups. CONCLUSION The rosmarinic acid is effective in reducing blood pressure, selectively, only in hypertensive animals. The rosmarinic acid (173µM) promoted almost a 98.96% reduction on angiotensin-converting enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Garros Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Barbosa Evora
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Verena Kise Capellini
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Agnes Afrodite Albuquerque
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco Túlio Menezes Carvalho
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Marco Túlio Parolini
- Institute of Biological and Natural Science, University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Andrea Carla Celotto
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Barretos School of Health Sciences, Dr. Paulo Prata - FACISB, Barretos, SP, Brazil.
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Bai Y, Xia B, Xie W, Zhou Y, Xie J, Li H, Liao D, Lin L, Li C. Phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of the genus Prunella. Food Chem 2016; 204:483-496. [PMID: 26988527 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prunella is a genus of perennial herbaceous plants in the Labiatae family. There are approximately 15 species worldwide, distributed widely in the temperate regions and tropical mountains of Europe and Asia. In the genus Prunella, P. vulgaris is the most studied, following a several thousand-year history as a traditional antipyretic and antidotal Chinese herb. Furthermore, since ancient times, P. vulgaris has been widely used as a cool tea ingredient and consumed as a vegetable. The genus Prunella contains triterpenoids and their saponins, phenolic acids, sterols and associated glycosides, flavonoids, organic acids, volatile oil and saccharides. Modern pharmacological studies have revealed that Prunella possess antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, anti-oxidative, anti-tumor, antihypertensive and hypoglycemic functions. The active components related to these functions are mainly triterpenoids, phenolic acids, flavonoids and polysaccharides. This review mainly summarizes recent advances in traditional usage, chemical components and pharmacological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Bai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Bohou Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Wenjian Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Yamin Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Jiachi Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Hongquan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Duanfang Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Limei Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
| | - Chun Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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