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Fan L, Zhang Z. Therapeutic potential of curcumin on the cognitive decline in animal models of Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:4499-4509. [PMID: 38265680 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-02946-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Curcumin, a polyphenol derived from the herb turmeric, has emerged as a prospective potential therapy in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the efficacy of curcumin treatment in improving cognitive decline caused controversy recently. We aimed to systematically review the effect of curcumin on cognitive impairment in an animal model of AD. We conducted an exhaustive database search of related studies. Two investigators identified studies and independently extracted data. Stratified meta-analyses and meta-regression analyses were carried out to explore the sources of heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger's test. Our systematic review included 33 articles. A meta-analysis of 29 publications showed that curcumin exerts significant positive effects on cognitive performance. For acquisition, the global estimated effect of curcumin was - 2.027 (95% CI - 2.435 to - 1.619, p < 0.001); for retention, the global estimated effect of curcumin was 1.606 (95% CI 1.101 to 2.111, p < 0.001). The stratified meta-analysis demonstrated that an increased effect size depended on diverse study characteristics. Additionally, publication bias was detected. We conclude that curcumin may reduce cognitive deficits in experimental AD. Furthermore, we emphasize that additional well-designed and well-reported animal studies are needed to inform further clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longmin Fan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zheyu Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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Peixoto NC, Bernardi JS, Oliveira CS, Santos MSC, Marion SL, Silva RS, Rosa RM, Rodrigues OED, Pereira ME. Hippocampal acetylcholinesterase activation induced by streptozotocin in mice is protected by an organotellurium compound without evidence of toxicity. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2024; 96:e20221048. [PMID: 38597499 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202420221048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The cognitive deficit, which is like Alzheimer's disease and is associated with oxidative damage, may be induced by exposure to streptozotocin. This study aimed to evaluate if the tellurium-containing organocompound, 3j, 5'-arylchalcogeno-3-aminothymidine derivative, interferes with the effects of streptozotocin, as well as to investigate its toxicity in adult mice. Cognitive deficit was induced by two doses of streptozotocin (2.25 mg/kg/day, 48 h interval) intracerebroventricularly. After, the mice were subcutaneously treated with 3j (8.62 mg/kg/day) for 25 days. The effects were assessed by evaluating hippocampal and cortical acetylcholinesterase and behavioral tasks. 3j toxicity was investigated for 10 (0, 21.55, or 43.10 mg/kg/day) and 37 (0, 4.31, or 8.62 mg/kg/day) days by assessing biometric parameters and glucose and urea levels, and alanine aminotransferase activity in blood plasma. 3j exposure did not alter the behavioral alterations induced by streptozotocin exposure. On the other hand, 3j exposure normalized hippocampus acetylcholinesterase activity, which is enhanced by streptozotocin exposure. Toxicity evaluation showed that the administration of 3j for either 10 or 37 days did not cause harmful effects on the biometric and biochemical parameters analyzed. Therefore, 3j does not present any apparent toxicity and reverts acetylcholinesterase activity increase induced by streptozotocin in young adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilce C Peixoto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Campus Sede, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Campus de Palmeira das Missões, Avenida Independência, 3751, Vista Alegre, 98300-000 Palmeira das Missões, RS, Brazil
| | - Jamile S Bernardi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Campus Sede, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cláudia S Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Campus Sede, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana Suelen C Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Campus Sede, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sara L Marion
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Campus Sede, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael S Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Campus Sede, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Raquel M Rosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Campus Sede, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Oscar E D Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Campus Sede, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Campus Sede, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Ester Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Campus Sede, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Campus Sede, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Farihi A, Bouhrim M, Chigr F, Elbouzidi A, Bencheikh N, Zrouri H, Nasr FA, Parvez MK, Alahdab A, Ahami AOT. Exploring Medicinal Herbs' Therapeutic Potential and Molecular Docking Analysis for Compounds as Potential Inhibitors of Human Acetylcholinesterase in Alzheimer's Disease Treatment. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1812. [PMID: 37893530 PMCID: PMC10608285 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Alzheimer's disease (AD) stands as a pervasive neurodegenerative ailment of global concern, necessitating a relentless pursuit of remedies. This study aims to furnish a comprehensive exposition, delving into the intricate mechanistic actions of medicinal herbs and phytochemicals. Furthermore, we assess the potential of these compounds in inhibiting human acetylcholinesterase through molecular docking, presenting encouraging avenues for AD therapeutics. Materials and Methods: Our approach entailed a systematic exploration of phytochemicals like curcumin, gedunin, quercetin, resveratrol, nobiletin, fisetin, and berberine, targeting their capability as human acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, leveraging the PubChem database. Diverse bioinformatics techniques were harnessed to scrutinize molecular docking, ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity), and adherence to Lipinski's rule of five. Results: Results notably underscored the substantial binding affinities of all ligands with specific amino acid residues within AChE. Remarkably, gedunin exhibited a superior binding affinity (-8.7 kcal/mol) compared to the reference standard. Conclusions: These outcomes accentuate the potential of these seven compounds as viable candidates for oral medication in AD treatment. Notably, both resveratrol and berberine demonstrated the capacity to traverse the blood-brain barrier (BBB), signaling their aptitude for central nervous system targeting. Consequently, these seven molecules are considered orally druggable, potentially surpassing the efficacy of the conventional drug, donepezil, in managing neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Farihi
- Unit of Clinic and Cognitive Neuroscience, Laboratory of Biology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra 14000, Morocco; (A.F.); (A.O.T.A.)
| | - Mohamed Bouhrim
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco; (M.B.); (F.C.); (N.B.)
| | - Fatiha Chigr
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco; (M.B.); (F.C.); (N.B.)
| | - Amine Elbouzidi
- Laboratory for Agricultural Production Improvement, Biotechnology, and Environment (LAPABE), Faculty of Science, Mohammed First University, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Noureddine Bencheikh
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco; (M.B.); (F.C.); (N.B.)
| | - Hassan Zrouri
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Boulevard Mohamed VI, B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco;
| | - Fahd A. Nasr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.N.); (M.K.P.)
| | - Mohammad Khalid Parvez
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.N.); (M.K.P.)
| | - Ahmad Alahdab
- Institute of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Street 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ahmed Omar Touhami Ahami
- Unit of Clinic and Cognitive Neuroscience, Laboratory of Biology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra 14000, Morocco; (A.F.); (A.O.T.A.)
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Thakral S, Yadav A, Singh V, Kumar M, Kumar P, Narang R, Sudhakar K, Verma A, Khalilullah H, Jaremko M, Emwas AH. Alzheimer's disease: Molecular aspects and treatment opportunities using herbal drugs. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 88:101960. [PMID: 37224884 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), also called senile dementia, is the most common neurological disorder. Around 50 million people, mostly of advanced age, are suffering from dementia worldwide and this is expected to reach 100-130 million between 2040 and 2050. AD is characterized by impaired glutamatergic and cholinergic neurotransmission, which is associated with clinical and pathological symptoms. AD is characterized clinically by loss of cognition and memory impairment and pathologically by senile plaques formed by Amyloid β deposits or neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) consisting of aggregated tau proteins. Amyloid β deposits are responsible for glutamatergic dysfunction that develops NMDA dependent Ca2+ influx into postsynaptic neurons generating slow excitotoxicity process leading to oxidative stress and finally impaired cognition and neuronal loss. Amyloid decreases acetylcholine release, synthesis and neuronal transport. The decreased levels of neurotransmitter acetylcholine, neuronal loss, tau aggregation, amyloid β plaques, increased oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, bio-metal dyshomeostasis, autophagy, cell cycle dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction are the factors responsible for the pathogenesis of AD. Acetylcholinesterase, NMDA, Glutamate, BACE1, 5HT6, and RAGE (Receptors for Advanced Glycation End products) are receptors targeted in treatment of AD. The FDA approved acetylcholinesterase inhibitors Donepezil, Galantamine and Rivastigmine and N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist Memantine provide symptomatic relief. Different therapies such as amyloid β therapies, tau-based therapies, neurotransmitter-based therapies, autophagy-based therapies, multi-target therapeutic strategies, and gene therapy modify the natural course of the disease. Herbal and food intake is also important as preventive strategy and recently focus has also been placed on herbal drugs for treatment. This review focuses on the molecular aspects, pathogenesis and recent studies that signifies the potential of medicinal plants and their extracts or chemical constituents for the treatment of degenerative symptoms related to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samridhi Thakral
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Alka Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Vikramjeet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India.
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Rakesh Narang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119, Haryana, India
| | - Kalvatala Sudhakar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Amita Verma
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj 211007, India.
| | - Habibullah Khalilullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unayzah 51911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Ma Y, Li Y, Yin R, Guo P, Lei N, Li G, Xiong L, Xie Y. Therapeutic potential of aromatic plant extracts in Alzheimer's disease: Comprehensive review of their underlying mechanisms. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023. [PMID: 37122144 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this review is to outline recent advancements in the application and mechanistic studies of aromatic plant extracts in Alzhermer`s disease (AD) to demonstrate their value in the management of this disease. BACKGROUND AD is a neurodegenerative disease with a complex pathogenesis characterized by severe cognitive impairment. Currently, there are very few drugs available for the treatment of AD, and treatments are primarily focused on symptom relief. Aromatherapy is a traditional complementary alternative therapy that focuses on the prevention and treatment of the disease through the inhalation or transdermal administration of aromatic plant extracts. Over the past few years, studies on the use of aromatic plant extracts for the treatment of AD have been increasing and have demonstrated a definitive therapeutic effect. METHODS We systematically summarized in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies focusing on the potential use of aromatic plant extracts in the treatment of AD in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure from 2000 to 2022. RESULTS Our literature survey indicates that aromatic plant extracts exert anti-AD effects by modulating pathological changes through anti-amyloid, anti-tau phosphorylation, anti-cholinesterase, anti-inflammation, and anti-oxidative stress mechanisms (Figure 1). CONCLUSION This review provides a future strategy for the research of novel anti-AD drugs from aromatic plant extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ma
- Basic Medical School, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yingming Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Run Yin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Peixin Guo
- College of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Provincial University Key Laboratory of Aromatic Chinese Herb Research, Kunming, China
| | - Nai Lei
- Basic Medical School, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Gang Li
- Basic Medical School, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Provincial University Key Laboratory of Aromatic Chinese Herb Research, Kunming, China
| | - Lei Xiong
- Basic Medical School, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Provincial University Key Laboratory of Aromatic Chinese Herb Research, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Innovation Team of Application Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Theory of Disease Prevention at Yunnan University of TCM, Kunming, China
| | - Yuhuan Xie
- Basic Medical School, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Provincial University Key Laboratory of Aromatic Chinese Herb Research, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Innovation Team of Application Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Theory of Disease Prevention at Yunnan University of TCM, Kunming, China
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Neuroprotective effects of methylene blue in streptozotocin-induced model of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res 2023; 1805:148290. [PMID: 36804486 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Methylene blue (MB) can be used as a multidirectional neuroprotector to stop the development of multiple cascades of neuron damage during neurodegenerative processes. This study assesses a protective effect of MB, using an experimental simulation of sporadic Alzheimer's disease by intracerebroventricular administration of streptozotocin (STZ) in rats. It was found that a STZ-induced impairment of memory can be partially mitigated with intravenous injections of MB after the administration of STZ. The treatment of animals with MB prevented the STZ-induced increase in the number and density of microglial and GFAP-positive cells in the brain cortex. In addition, it was shown that the expression of the LC3B protein, an indicator of autophagy, increases in the hippocampus of animals treated with STZ. In the hippocampus of animals treated with MB, an increase in the expression of the LC3B protein was prevented. Using the Griess reaction assay and immunocytochemical study was found that MB reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced NO-production and the expression of iNOS in cultured neurons. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that MB has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects and is able to prevent autophagy. These effects have important therapeutic implications, so MB could potentially play a role in the treatment of neurodegenerative processes.
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Yang J, Ou W, Jagadeesan N, Simanauskaite J, Sun J, Castellanos D, Cribbs DH, Sumbria RK. The Effects of a Blood-Brain Barrier Penetrating Erythropoietin in a Mouse Model of Tauopathy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040558. [PMID: 37111315 PMCID: PMC10141171 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO), a hematopoietic neurotrophin, is a potential therapeutic for Alzheimer's disease (AD) but has limited blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. EPO fused to a chimeric transferrin receptor monoclonal antibody (cTfRMAb) enters the brain via TfR-mediated transcytosis across the BBB. We previously showed that cTfRMAb-EPO is protective in a mouse model of amyloidosis, but its effects on tauopathy are not known. Given that amyloid and tau pathology are characteristics of AD, the effects of cTfRMAb-EPO were studied in a tauopathy mouse model (PS19). Six-month-old PS19 mice were injected intraperitoneally with either saline (PS19-Saline; n = 9) or cTfRMAb-EPO (PS19-cTfRMAb-EPO, 10 mg/kg; n = 10); every two or three days on alternate weeks for 8 weeks. Age-matched, saline-treated, wildtype littermates (WT-Saline; n = 12) were injected using the same protocol. After 8 weeks, locomotion, hyperactivity, and anxiety were assessed via the open-field test, and brains were harvested and sectioned. Cerebral cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and entorhinal cortex sections were analyzed for phospho-tau (AT8) and microgliosis (Iba1). Hippocampal cellular density (H&E) was also assessed. PS19-Saline mice were hyperactive and less anxious compared to WT-Saline mice, and these behavioral phenotypes were significantly reduced in the PS19-cTfRMAb-EPO mice compared to the PS19-Saline mice. cTfRMAb-EPO significantly reduced AT8 load by ≥50% in all of the brain regions analyzed and microgliosis in the entorhinal cortex and amygdala compared to the PS19-Saline mice. Hippocampal pyramidal and granule cell layer density did not differ significantly between the PS19-cTfRMAb-EPO and PS19-Saline mice. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the therapeutic effects of the BBB-penetrating cTfRMAb-EPO in PS19 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Yang
- Henry E. Riggs School of Applied Life Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, 535 Watson Dr, Claremont, CA 91711, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
| | - Weijun Ou
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
| | - Nataraj Jagadeesan
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
| | | | - Jiahong Sun
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
| | - Demi Castellanos
- Henry E. Riggs School of Applied Life Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, 535 Watson Dr, Claremont, CA 91711, USA
| | - David H Cribbs
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Rachita K Sumbria
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92868, USA
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Hammadi SH, Hassan MA, Allam EA, Elsharkawy AM, Shams SS. Effect of sacubitril/valsartan on cognitive impairment in colchicine-induced Alzheimer's model in rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2023; 37:275-286. [PMID: 36203311 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease. There is epidemiological evidence that heart failure (HF) patients are at higher risk of developing AD, and the impact of sacubitril/valsartan, the first angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) approved for HF, on cognitive functions is still controversial. To investigate the effect of sacubitril/valsartan on cognitive functions in colchicine-induced AD rat model. Forty adult male Wistar rats were equally allocated into four groups (each of 10 rats): Group I: normal control, Group II: intracerebroventricular injection of colchicine (15 μg/5 μl/bilaterally), Group III: colchicine (15 μg/5 μl/bilaterally, icv) + oral sacubitril/valsartan (100 mg/kg/day) for 25 days, and Group IV: colchicine (15 μg/5 μl/bilaterally, icv) + oral valsartan (50 mg/kg/day) for 25 days. Behavioral assessment was done using Morris water maze and passive avoidance tasks. Biochemically, β-amyloid (1-40 and 1-42) peptides, oxidative stress (malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase) and inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) parameters were measured in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Sacubitril/valsartan exaggerated colchicine-induced cognitive impairment in both Morris water maze and passive avoidance tasks and was associated with significant increase in β-amyloid accumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation versus valsartan. Sacubitril/valsartan caused deleterious effect on cognitive impairment and biochemical alterations in colchicine-induced AD rat model. Hence, special caution should be taken following long-term intake of ARNI on cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami H Hammadi
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Madiha A Hassan
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eman A Allam
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amal M Elsharkawy
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sherouk S Shams
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Neurotrophic Factors as Regenerative Therapy for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Current Status, Challenges and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043866. [PMID: 36835277 PMCID: PMC9968045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), multiple sclerosis (MS), spinal cord injury (SCI), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), are characterized by acute or chronic progressive loss of one or several neuronal subtypes. However, despite their increasing prevalence, little progress has been made in successfully treating these diseases. Research has recently focused on neurotrophic factors (NTFs) as potential regenerative therapy for neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we discuss the current state of knowledge, challenges, and future perspectives of NTFs with a direct regenerative effect in chronic inflammatory and degenerative disorders. Various systems for delivery of NTFs, such as stem and immune cells, viral vectors, and biomaterials, have been applied to deliver exogenous NTFs to the central nervous system, with promising results. The challenges that currently need to be overcome include the amount of NTFs delivered, the invasiveness of the delivery route, the blood-brain barrier permeability, and the occurrence of side effects. Nevertheless, it is important to continue research and develop standards for clinical applications. In addition to the use of single NTFs, the complexity of chronic inflammatory and degenerative diseases may require combination therapies targeting multiple pathways or other possibilities using smaller molecules, such as NTF mimetics, for effective treatment.
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Performance of the intracerebroventricularly injected streptozotocin Alzheimer's disease model in a translationally relevant, aged and experienced rat population. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20247. [PMID: 36424423 PMCID: PMC9691696 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24292-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The intracerebroventricularly (icv) injected streptozotocin (STZ) induced brain state is a widely used model of sporadic Alzheimer-disease (AD). However, data have been generated in young, naive albino rats. We postulate that the translationally most relevant animal population of an AD model should be that of aged rats with substantial learning history. The objective of the study was thus to probe the model in old rats with knowledge in various cognitive domains. Long-Evans rats of 23 and 10 months age with acquired knowledge in five-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT), a cooperation task, Morris water-maze (MWM) and "pot-jumping" exercise were treated with 3 × 1.5 mg/kg icv. STZ and their performance were followed for 3 months in the above and additional behavioral assays. Both STZ-treated age groups showed significant impairment in the MWM (spatial learning) and novel object recognition test (recognition memory) but not in passive avoidance and fear conditioning paradigms (fear memory). In young STZ treated rats, significant differences were also found in the 5CSRTT (attention) and pot jumping test (procedural learning) while in old rats a significant increase in hippocampal phospho-tau/tau protein ratio was observed. No significant difference was found in the cooperation (social cognition) and pairwise discrimination (visual memory) assays and hippocampal β-amyloid levels. STZ treated old animals showed impulsivity-like behavior in several tests. Our results partly coincide with partly deviate from those published on young, albino, unexperienced rats. Beside the age, strain and experience level of the animals differences can also be attributed to the increased dose of STZ, and the applied food restriction regime. The observed cognitive and non-cognitive activity pattern of icv. STZ in aged experienced rats call for more extensive studies with the STZ model to further strengthen and specify its translational validity.
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Wang H, Chen M, Zhang T, Gao Z, Gong Y, Yu X, Wu H. Recombinant human erythropoietin upregulates PPARγ through the PI3K/Akt pathway to protect neurons in rats subjected to oxidative stress. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:4045-4059. [PMID: 35678781 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In vitro cell experiments have suggested that recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) activation exert protective effects on neurons. This study observed the learning and memory ability, antioxidant capacity and the ratio of apoptotic cells after rhEPO intervention and investigated the relationship among rhEPO, PI3K/Akt and PPARγ in the anti-neural oxidative stress injury process in vivo. The results showed that rhEPO significantly improved the learning and memory abilities of rats subjected to oxidative stress, enhanced the antioxidant capacity of cells, and reduced neuronal apoptosis. Then, the PI3K/Akt and PPARγ pathways were inhibited, and TUNEL staining were used to observe the changes in the effect of rhEPO. After the PI3K/Akt and PPARγ pathways were inhibited, the effect of rhEPO on rats subjected to oxidative stress was significantly weakened, suggesting that both the PI3K/Akt and PPARγ pathways are involved in the process by which rhEPO protects neurons. Finally, Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were used to observe the changes in PI3K/Akt and PPARγ signalling proteins in the neurons after the rhEPO intervention and to explore the relationship among the three. The results showed that rhEPO significantly increased the levels of the p-Akt and PPARγ proteins and the level of the PPARγ protein in the nucleus, indicating that the PI3K/Akt pathway was located upstream of and regulates PPARγ. In conclusion, this study suggested that rhEPO activates the PI3K/Akt to upregulate PPARγ, enhance the cellular antioxidant capacity, and protect neurons in rats subjected to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huqing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen Gao
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Gong
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaorui Yu
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haiqin Wu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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12
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Hegazy MA, Abdelmonsif DA, Zeitoun TM, El-Sayed NS, Samy DM. Swimming exercise versus L-carnosine supplementation for Alzheimer's dementia in rats: implication of circulating and hippocampal FNDC5/irisin. J Physiol Biochem 2022; 78:109-124. [PMID: 35091983 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00845-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that irisin may act as a potential neurokine. Exercise and L-carnosine supplementation showed neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like conditions. However, the regulation of irisin in the hippocampus of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced memory impairment and its relation to insulin signalling remain to be investigated. This study was designed to compare the effect of swimming exercise and L-carnosine intake on serum, CSF and hippocampal irisin in rats received intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of STZ. Rats were recruited in swimming paradigm, received oral carnosine (100 mg/kg/day) or vehicle treated. After 5 weeks, rats were sacrificed after neurobehavioural testing. CSF and serum irisin were determined. Hippocampal tissues were used to assess expression of FNDC5/irisin, BDNF and proteins related to insulin signalling, in addition to β-amyloid peptide and phosphorylated tau protein levels. We observed decreased hippocampal, but not CSF or serum, irisin in ICV-STZ-injected rats. Exercise and carnosine intake almost normalized hippocampal FNDC5/irisin expression which was associated with reduced soluble β-amyloid peptide and phosphorylated tau protein, improved BDNF and insulin signalling proteins, with corresponding mitigated cognitive impairments. However, hippocampal FNDC5/irisin was not correlated with serum or CSF irisin levels. Histologically, both interventions ameliorated the hippocampal damage in STZ-injected rats. The current study reveals that carnosine is equivalent to exercise in reversing cognitive decline and Alzheimer's biomarkers. In both interventions, enhancement of hippocampal FNDC5/irisin and insulin signalling may be involved in mediating these neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha A Hegazy
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Mowassat Hospital, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Doaa A Abdelmonsif
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Mowassat Hospital, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.,Molecular Biology and Nanomedicine Labs, Centre of Excellence for Regenerative Medicine Research & Applications, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Teshreen M Zeitoun
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Mowassat Hospital, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Norhan S El-Sayed
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Mowassat Hospital, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Doaa M Samy
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Mowassat Hospital, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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13
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A New Perspective on the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease and Sleep Deprivation-Related Consequences: Can Curcumin Help? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6168199. [PMID: 35069976 PMCID: PMC8769857 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6168199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Sleep disturbances, as well as sleep-wake rhythm disorders, are characteristic symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that may head the other clinical signs of this neurodegenerative disease. Age-related structural and physiological changes in the brain lead to changes in sleep patterns. Conditions such as AD affect the cerebral cortex, basal forebrain, locus coeruleus, and the hypothalamus, thus changing the sleep-wake cycle. Sleep disorders likewise adversely affect the course of the disease. Since the sleep quality is important for the proper functioning of the memory, impaired sleep is associated with problems in the related areas of the brain that play a key role in learning and memory functions. In addition to synthetic drugs, utilization of medicinal plants has become popular in the treatment of neurological diseases. Curcuminoids, which are in a diarylheptanoid structure, are the main components of turmeric. Amongst them, curcumin has multiple applications in treatment regimens of various diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, obesity, cancer, inflammatory diseases, and aging. Besides, curcumin has been reported to be effective in different types of neurodegenerative diseases. Scientific studies exclusively showed that curcumin leads significant improvements in the pathological process of AD. Yet, its low solubility hence low bioavailability is the main therapeutic limitation of curcumin. Although previous studies have focused different types of advanced nanoformulations of curcumin, new approaches are needed to solve the solubility problem. This review summarizes the available scientific data, as reported by the most recent studies describing the utilization of curcumin in the treatment of AD and sleep deprivation-related consequences.
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Amirpour M, Mirshekar MA, Sedaghat G, Montazerifar F, Shourestani S, Arabmoazzen S, Naghizadeh M. The effects of green tea on cognitive impairments in the rat model of Alzheimer's disease: protection against inflammatory and oxidative damage. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 25:2659-2667. [PMID: 34802394 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.2003946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a decrement in the number of synapses, an increment in the production of oxygen free radicals and inflammatory cytokines. Green tea (GT) plays a defensive performance in different neurodegenerative conditions, such as cognition deficit. This study investigated the neuroprotective effect of green tea (GT) on cognitive disorder, inflammation, and oxidative stress in the streptozotocin (STZ)- induced AD model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats were divided into four groups: (1) Control, (2) GT, (3) Alz, and (4) GT + Alz. AD was induced by the injection of STZ (3 mg/kg, bilaterally, ICV). Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests were done to evaluate the memory and learning of rats. Biochemical parameters were measured with specialized ELISA kits. RESULTS Briefly, data analysis revealed that GT administration for 21 days improved memory impairment induced by the injection of STZ. Pretreatment with GT enhanced time spent in the goal quarter and reduced latency time and path length. Furthermore, pretreatment with GT prevented the increment of malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in STZ-treated rats. As a pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) concentration was suppressed with the GT pretreatment. Total antioxidant capacity was increased after GT administration in rats treated compared with AD rats. CONCLUSIONS GT pretreatment attenuated STZ-induced learning and memory impairment through the suppression of TNF-α and MDA concentrations. The beneficial effects of GT on memory could be attributed to its protective effects on oxidative defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Amirpour
- Student Research Committee, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mirshekar
- Clinical Immunology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Gohar Sedaghat
- Student Research Committee, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Montazerifar
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Shadi Shourestani
- Student Research Committee, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Saiedeh Arabmoazzen
- Deputy of Research and Technology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Naghizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Vittori DC, Chamorro ME, Hernández YV, Maltaneri RE, Nesse AB. Erythropoietin and derivatives: Potential beneficial effects on the brain. J Neurochem 2021; 158:1032-1057. [PMID: 34278579 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoietin (Epo), the main erythropoiesis-stimulating factor widely prescribed to overcome anemia, is also known nowadays for its cytoprotective action on non-hematopoietic tissues. In this context, Epo showed not only its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, but also its expression in the brain of mammals. In clinical trials, recombinant Epo treatment has been shown to stimulate neurogenesis; improve cognition; and activate antiapoptotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory signaling pathways. These mechanisms, proposed to characterize a neuroprotective property, opened new perspectives on the Epo pharmacological potencies. However, many questions arise about a possible physiological role of Epo in the central nervous system (CNS) and the factors or environmental conditions that induce its expression. Although Epo may be considered a strong candidate to be used against neuronal damage, long-term treatments, particularly when high Epo doses are needed, may induce thromboembolic complications associated with increases in hematocrit and blood viscosity. To avoid these adverse effects, different Epo analogs without erythropoietic activity but maintaining neuroprotection ability are currently being investigated. Carbamylated erythropoietin, as well as alternative molecules like Epo fusion proteins and partial peptides of Epo, seems to match this profile. This review will focus on the discussion of experimental evidence reported in recent years linking erythropoietin and CNS function through investigations aimed at finding benefits in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, it will review the proposed mechanisms for novel derivatives which may clarify and, eventually, improve the neuroprotective action of Epo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela C Vittori
- Department of Biological Chemistry, National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Institute of Biological Chemistry (IQUIBICEN), School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María E Chamorro
- Department of Biological Chemistry, National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Institute of Biological Chemistry (IQUIBICEN), School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yender V Hernández
- Department of Biological Chemistry, National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Institute of Biological Chemistry (IQUIBICEN), School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Romina E Maltaneri
- Department of Biological Chemistry, National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Institute of Biological Chemistry (IQUIBICEN), School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alcira B Nesse
- Department of Biological Chemistry, National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Institute of Biological Chemistry (IQUIBICEN), School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Ege D. Action Mechanisms of Curcumin in Alzheimer's Disease and Its Brain Targeted Delivery. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14123332. [PMID: 34208692 PMCID: PMC8234049 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AD is a chronic neurodegenerative disease. Many different signaling pathways, such as Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, ROS/JNK, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR are involved in Alzheimer’s disease and crosstalk between themselves. A promising treatment involves the uses of flavonoids, and one of the most promising is curcumin; however, because it has difficulty permeating the blood–brain barrier (BBB), it must be encapsulated by a drug carrier. Some of the most frequently studied are lipid nanocarriers, liposomes, micelles and PLGA. These carriers are further conjugated with brain-targeting agents such as lactoferrin and transferrin. In this review paper, curcumin and its therapeutic effects, which have been examined in vivo, are analyzed and then the delivery systems to the brain are addressed. Overall, the analysis of the literature revealed great potential for curcumin in treating AD and indicated the challenges that require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Ege
- Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Rasathane Cd, Kandilli Campus, Istanbul 34684, Turkey
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17
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Miziak B, Błaszczyk B, Czuczwar SJ. Some Candidate Drugs for Pharmacotherapy of Alzheimer's Disease. PHARMACEUTICALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:ph14050458. [PMID: 34068096 PMCID: PMC8152728 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD; progressive neurodegenerative disorder) is associated with cognitive and functional impairment with accompanying neuropsychiatric symptoms. The available pharmacological treatment is of a symptomatic nature and, as such, it does not modify the cause of AD. The currently used drugs to enhance cognition include an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist (memantine) and cholinesterase inhibitors. The PUBMED, Medical Subject Heading and Clinical Trials databases were used for searching relevant data. Novel treatments are focused on already approved drugs for other conditions and also searching for innovative drugs encompassing investigational compounds. Among the approved drugs, we investigated, are intranasal insulin (and other antidiabetic drugs: liraglitude, pioglitazone and metformin), bexarotene (an anti-cancer drug and a retinoid X receptor agonist) or antidepressant drugs (citalopram, escitalopram, sertraline, mirtazapine). The latter, especially when combined with antipsychotics (for instance quetiapine or risperidone), were shown to reduce neuropsychiatric symptoms in AD patients. The former enhanced cognition. Procognitive effects may be also expected with dietary antioxidative and anti-inflammatory supplements—curcumin, myricetin, and resveratrol. Considering a close relationship between brain ischemia and AD, they may also reduce post-brain ischemia neurodegeneration. An investigational compound, CN-105 (a lipoprotein E agonist), has a very good profile in AD preclinical studies, and its clinical trial for postoperative dementia is starting soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Miziak
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Barbara Błaszczyk
- Faculty of Health Sciences, High School of Economics, Law and Medical Sciences, 25-734 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Stanisław J. Czuczwar
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-448-65-00; Fax: +48-81-65-00-01
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Gáspár A, Hutka B, Ernyey AJ, Tajti BT, Varga BT, Zádori ZS, Gyertyán I. Intracerebroventricularly Injected Streptozotocin Exerts Subtle Effects on the Cognitive Performance of Long-Evans Rats. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:662173. [PMID: 34025423 PMCID: PMC8138205 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.662173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracerebroventricularly injected streptozotocin (STZ)-induced learning impairment has been an increasingly used rat model of Alzheimer disease. The evoked pathological changes involve many symptoms of the human disease (cognitive decline, increase in β-amyloid and phospho-tau level, amyloid plaque-like deposits). However, the model has predominantly been used with Wistar rats in the literature. The objective of the current study was to transfer it to Long-Evans rats with the ulterior aim to integrate it in a complex cognitive test battery where we use this strain because of its superior cognitive capabilities. We performed two experiments (EXP1, EXP2) with three months old male animals. At EXP1, rats were treated with 2 × 1.5 mg/kg STZ (based on the literature) or citrate buffer vehicle injected bilaterally into the lateral ventricles on days 1 and 3. At EXP2 animals were treated with 3 × 1.5 mg/kg STZ or citrate buffer vehicle injected in the same way as in EXP1 at days 1, 3, and 5. Learning and memory capabilities of the rats were then tested in the following paradigms: five choice serial reaction time test (daily training, started from week 2 or 8 post surgery in Exp1 or Exp2, respectively, and lasting until the end of the experiment); novel object recognition (NOR) test (at week 8 or 14), passive avoidance (at week 11 or 6) and Morris water-maze (at week 14 or 6). 15 or 14 weeks after the STZ treatment animals were sacrificed and brain phospho-tau/tau protein ratio and β -amyloid level were determined by western blot technique. In EXP1 we could not find any significant difference between the treated and the control groups in any of the assays. In EXP2 we found significant impairment in the NOR test and elevated β-amyloid level in the STZ treated group in addition to slower learning of the five-choice paradigm and a trend for increased phospho-tau/tau ratio. Altogether our findings suggest that the Long-Evans strain may be less sensitive to the STZ treatment than the Wistar rats and higher doses may be needed to trigger pathological changes in these animals. The results also highlight the importance of strain diversity in modelling human diseases.
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Long HZ, Cheng Y, Zhou ZW, Luo HY, Wen DD, Gao LC. PI3K/AKT Signal Pathway: A Target of Natural Products in the Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:648636. [PMID: 33935751 PMCID: PMC8082498 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.648636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are two typical neurodegenerative diseases that increased with aging. With the emergence of aging population, the health problem and economic burden caused by the two diseases also increase. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway regulates signal transduction and biological processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis and metabolism. According to reports, it regulates neurotoxicity and mediates the survival of neurons through different substrates such as forkhead box protein Os (FoxOs), glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), and caspase-9. Accumulating evidences indicate that some natural products can play a neuroprotective role by activating PI3K/AKT pathway, providing an effective resource for the discovery of potential therapeutic drugs. This article reviews the relationship between AKT signaling pathway and AD and PD, and discusses the potential natural products based on the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to treat two diseases in recent years, hoping to provide guidance and reference for this field. Further development of Chinese herbal medicine is needed to treat these two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Zhi Long
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Institute, Phase I Clinical Trial Centre, Changsha Central Hospital Affiliated to University of South China, School of Pharmacy, University of South China, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Institute, Phase I Clinical Trial Centre, Changsha Central Hospital Affiliated to University of South China, School of Pharmacy, University of South China, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang, China
| | - Zi-Wei Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Institute, Phase I Clinical Trial Centre, Changsha Central Hospital Affiliated to University of South China, School of Pharmacy, University of South China, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang, China
| | - Hong-Yu Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Institute, Phase I Clinical Trial Centre, Changsha Central Hospital Affiliated to University of South China, School of Pharmacy, University of South China, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Institute, Phase I Clinical Trial Centre, Changsha Central Hospital Affiliated to University of South China, School of Pharmacy, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Li-Chen Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Institute, Phase I Clinical Trial Centre, Changsha Central Hospital Affiliated to University of South China, School of Pharmacy, University of South China, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang, China
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20
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Rey F, Balsari A, Giallongo T, Ottolenghi S, Di Giulio AM, Samaja M, Carelli S. Erythropoietin as a Neuroprotective Molecule: An Overview of Its Therapeutic Potential in Neurodegenerative Diseases. ASN Neuro 2020; 11:1759091419871420. [PMID: 31450955 PMCID: PMC6712762 DOI: 10.1177/1759091419871420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a cytokine mainly induced in hypoxia conditions. Its major production site is the kidney. EPO primarily acts on the erythroid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. More and more studies are highlighting its secondary functions, with a crucial focus on its role in the central nervous system. Here, EPO may interact with up to four distinct isoforms of its receptor (erythropoietin receptor [EPOR]), activating different signaling cascades with roles in neuroprotection and neurogenesis. Indeed, the EPO/EPOR axis has been widely studied in the neurodegenerative diseases field. Its potential therapeutic effects have been evaluated in multiple disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal cord injury, as well as brain ischemia, hypoxia, and hyperoxia. EPO is showing great promise by counteracting secondary neuroinflammatory processes, reactive oxygen species imbalance, and cell death in these diseases. Multiple studies have been performed both in vitro and in vivo, characterizing the mechanisms through which EPO exerts its neurotrophic action. In some cases, clinical trials involving EPO have been performed, highlighting its therapeutic potential. Together, all these works indicate the potential beneficial effects of EPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Rey
- 1 Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Balsari
- 1 Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Toniella Giallongo
- 1 Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Ottolenghi
- 2 Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Anna M Di Giulio
- 1 Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy.,3 Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Samaja
- 2 Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Stephana Carelli
- 1 Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy.,3 Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milan, Italy
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The effect of curcumin on cognition in Alzheimer's disease and healthy aging: A systematic review of pre-clinical and clinical studies. Brain Res 2019; 1725:146476. [PMID: 31560864 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease constitutes a growing cause of cognitive impairment in aging population. Given that current treatments do not produce the desired therapeutic effects, the need for finding alternative biological and pharmacological approaches is critical. Accumulating evidence suggests inflammatory and oxidative stress responses as potential causal factors of cognitive impairments in Alzheimer's disease and healthy aging. Curcumin has received increased interest due to its unique molecular structure that targets inflammatory and antioxidant pathways as well as (directly) amyloid aggregation; one of the major hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, this review summarizes preclinical and clinical findings on curcumin as a potential cognitive enhancer in Alzheimer's disease and normal aging. Databases used for literature searches include PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science; in addition, clinicaltrials.gov was used to search for clinical studies. Overall, animal research has shown very promising results in potentiating cognition, both physiologically and behaviourally. However, human studies are limited and results are less consistent, complicating their interpretation. These inconsistencies may be related to differences in methodology and the included population. Taking into account measurements of important inflammatory and antioxidant biomarkers, optimal dosages of curcumin, food interactions, and duration of treatment would increase our understanding on curcumin's promising effects on cognition. In addition, increasing curcumin's bioavailability could benefit future research.
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Zholos AV, Moroz OF, Storozhuk MV. Curcuminoids and Novel Opportunities for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Which Molecules are Actually Effective? Curr Mol Pharmacol 2019; 12:12-26. [PMID: 30318014 DOI: 10.2174/1874467211666181012150847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Millions of people worldwide are suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD), and there are only symptomatic treatments available for this disease. Thus, there is a great need to identify drugs capable of arresting or reversing AD. Constituents of the spice turmeric, in particular, curcuminoids, seem to be very promising, as evident from in vitro experiments and tests using animal models of AD. However, most of the clinical trials did not reveal any beneficial effects of curcuminoids in the treatment of AD. These controversies, including conflicting results of clinical trials, are thought to be related to bioavailability of curcuminoids, which is low unless it is enhanced by developing a special formulation. However, there is growing evidence suggesting that other reasons may be of even greater importance, but these avenues are less explored. OBJECTIVE Review relevant literature, and analyze potential reasons for the controversial results. METHODOLOGY Recent in vitro and preclinical studies; clinical trials (without a limiting period) were searched in PubMed and Google Scholar. RESULTS While recent in vitro and preclinical studies confirm the therapeutic potential of curcuminoids in the treatment of AD and cognitive dysfunctions, results of corresponding clinical trials remain rather controversial. CONCLUSION The controversial results obtained in the clinical trials may be in part due to particularities of the curcuminoid formulations other than bioavailability. Namely, it seems likely that the various formulations differ in terms of their minor turmeric constituent(s). We hypothesize that these distinctions may be of key importance for efficacy of the particular formulation in clinical trials. A testable approach addressing this hypothesis is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Zholos
- A.A. Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 4 Bogomoletz Street, Kiev 01024, Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Educational and Scientific Centre "Institute of Biology and Medicine", 2 Academician Glushkov Avenue, Kiev 03022, Ukraine
| | - Olesia F Moroz
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Educational and Scientific Centre "Institute of Biology and Medicine", 2 Academician Glushkov Avenue, Kiev 03022, Ukraine
| | - Maksim V Storozhuk
- A.A. Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 4 Bogomoletz Street, Kiev 01024, Ukraine
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23
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Abrahams S, Haylett WL, Johnson G, Carr JA, Bardien S. Antioxidant effects of curcumin in models of neurodegeneration, aging, oxidative and nitrosative stress: A review. Neuroscience 2019; 406:1-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Guo L, Shi M, Song N, Wan Z, Liu H, Liu L. Anchorage of curcumin onto PVP enhances anti-tumor effect of curcumin. Med Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-019-02319-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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25
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Aminyavari S, Zahmatkesh M, Farahmandfar M, Khodagholi F, Dargahi L, Zarrindast MR. Protective role of Apelin-13 on amyloid β25-35-induced memory deficit; Involvement of autophagy and apoptosis process. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 89:322-334. [PMID: 30296470 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) by progressive neurodegenerative pattern is associated with autophagy stress which is suggested as a potential cause of amyloid β (Aβ) aggregation and neural loss. Apelin-13, a neuropeptide with modulatory effect on autophagy, has been shown the beneficial effects on neural cell injuries. We investigated the effect of Apelin-13 on Aβ-induced memory deficit as well as autophagy and apoptosis processes. We performed bilateral intra-CA1 injection of Aβ25-35 alone or in combination with Apelin-13. Spatial reference and working memory was evaluated using the Morris water maze (MWM) and Y-maze tests. Hippocampus was harvested on 2, 5, 10 and 21 days after Aβ injection. The light chain 3 (LC3II/I) ratio, histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) level, Caspase-3 cleavage, and mTOR phosphorylation were assessed using western blot technique. Intra-CA1 injection of Aβ caused impairment of working and spatial memory. We observed higher LC3II/I ratio, cleaved caspase-3 and lower HDAC6, and p-mTOR/mTOR ratio in Aβ-treated animals. Apelin-13 provided significant protection against the destructive effects of Aβ on working and spatial memory. Apelin-13 prevented the increase of LC3II/I ratio and cleaved caspase-3 on days 10 and 21 after injection of Aβ. It also limited the Aβ-induced reduction in HDAC6 expression. This implies that Apelin-13 has suppressed both autophagy and apoptosis. Our findings suggested that the neuroprotection of Apelin-13 may be in part related to autophagy and apoptosis inhibition via the mTOR signaling pathway. Apelin-13 may be a promising approach to improve memory impairment and potentially pave the way for new therapeutic plans in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Aminyavari
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Zahmatkesh
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cognitive Sciences and Behavior Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Farahmandfar
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Zhang Y, Rauf Khan A, Fu M, Zhai Y, Ji J, Bobrovskaya L, Zhai G. Advances in curcumin-loaded nanopreparations: improving bioavailability and overcoming inherent drawbacks. J Drug Target 2019; 27:917-931. [DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2019.1572158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | | | - Manfei Fu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yujia Zhai
- College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianbo Ji
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Larisa Bobrovskaya
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Guangxi Zhai
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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27
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Sun J, Martin JM, Vanderpoel V, Sumbria RK. The Promises and Challenges of Erythropoietin for Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Neuromolecular Med 2019; 21:12-24. [PMID: 30656553 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-019-08524-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder in the world, and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular amyloid-beta protein deposits represent the major pathological hallmarks of the disease. Currently available treatments provide some symptomatic relief but fail to modify primary pathological processes that underlie the disease. Erythropoietin (EPO), a hematopoietic growth factor, acts primarily to stimulate erythroid cell production, and is clinically used to treat anemia. EPO has evolved as a therapeutic agent for neurodegeneration and has improved neurological outcomes and AD pathology in rodents. However, penetration of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and negative hematopoietic effects are the two major challenges for the therapeutic development of EPO for chronic neurodegenerative diseases like AD. The transferrin receptors at the BBB, which are responsible for transporting transferrin-bound iron from the blood into the brain parenchyma, can be used to shuttle therapeutic molecules across the BBB. In this review, we discuss the role of EPO as a potential neurotherapeutic for AD, challenges associated with EPO development for AD, and targeting the BBB transferrin receptor for EPO brain delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Sun
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, 535 Watson Dr, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA
| | - Jan Michelle Martin
- College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA, 95757, USA
| | | | - Rachita K Sumbria
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, 535 Watson Dr, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA. .,Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92868, USA.
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28
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Reddy PH, Manczak M, Yin X, Grady MC, Mitchell A, Tonk S, Kuruva CS, Bhatti JS, Kandimalla R, Vijayan M, Kumar S, Wang R, Pradeepkiran JA, Ogunmokun G, Thamarai K, Quesada K, Boles A, Reddy AP. Protective Effects of Indian Spice Curcumin Against Amyloid-β in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 61:843-866. [PMID: 29332042 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of our article is to assess the current understanding of Indian spice, curcumin, against amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced toxicity in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Natural products, such as ginger, curcumin, and gingko biloba have been used as diets and dietary supplements to treat human diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular, respiratory, infectious, diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndromes, and neurological disorders. Products derived from plants are known to have protective effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-arthritis, pro-healing, and boosting memory cognitive functions. In the last decade, several groups have designed and synthesized curcumin and its derivatives and extensively tested using cell and mouse models of AD. Recent research on Aβ and curcumin has revealed that curcumin prevents Aβ aggregation and crosses the blood-brain barrier, reach brain cells, and protect neurons from various toxic insults of aging and Aβ in humans. Recent research has also reported that curcumin ameliorates cognitive decline and improves synaptic functions in mouse models of AD. Further, recent groups have initiated studies on elderly individuals and patients with AD and the outcome of these studies is currently being assessed. This article highlights the beneficial effects of curcumin on AD. This article also critically assesses the current limitations of curcumin's bioavailability and urgent need for new formulations to increase its brain levels to treat patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hemachandra Reddy
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Studies, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Maria Manczak
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Xiangling Yin
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Mary Catherine Grady
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Andrew Mitchell
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Sahil Tonk
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Chandra Sekhar Kuruva
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Sri Guru Gobind Singh College, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Murali Vijayan
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Rui Wang
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | | | - Gilbert Ogunmokun
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Kavya Thamarai
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Kandi Quesada
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Annette Boles
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Arubala P Reddy
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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29
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Chang R, Al Maghribi A, Vanderpoel V, Vasilevko V, Cribbs DH, Boado R, Pardridge WM, Sumbria RK. Brain Penetrating Bifunctional Erythropoietin-Transferrin Receptor Antibody Fusion Protein for Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:4963-4973. [PMID: 30252487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO), a glycoprotein cytokine essential to hematopoiesis, has neuroprotective effects in rodent models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, high therapeutic doses or invasive routes of administration of EPO are required to achieve effective brain concentrations due to low blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrability, and high EPO doses result in hematopoietic side effects. These obstacles can be overcome by engineering a BBB-penetrable analog of EPO, which is rapidly cleared from the blood, by fusing EPO to a chimeric monoclonal antibody targeting the transferrin receptor (cTfRMAb), which acts as a molecular Trojan horse to ferry the EPO into the brain via the transvascular route. In the current study, we investigated the effects of the BBB-penetrable analog of EPO on AD pathology in a double transgenic mouse model of AD. Five and a half month old male APPswe/PSEN1dE9 (APP/PS1) transgenic mice were treated with saline ( n = 10) or the BBB-penetrable EPO ( n = 10) 3 days/week intraperitoneally for 8 weeks, compared to same-aged C57BL/6J wild-type mice treated with saline ( n = 8) with identical regiment. At 9 weeks following treatment initiation, exploration and spatial memory were assessed with the open-field and Y-maze test, mice were sacrificed, and brains were evaluated for Aβ peptide load, synaptic loss, BBB disruption, microglial activation, and microhemorrhages. APP/PS1 mice treated with the BBB-penetrable cTfRMAb-EPO fusion protein had significantly lower cortical and hippocampal Aβ peptide number ( p < 0.05) and immune-positive area ( p < 0.05), a decrease in hippocampal synaptic loss ( p < 0.05) and cortical microglial activation ( p < 0.001), and improved spatial memory ( p < 0.05) compared with APP/PS1 saline controls. BBB-penetrating EPO was not associated with microhemorrhage development. The cTfRMAb-EPO fusion protein offers therapeutic benefits by targeting multiple targets of AD pathogenesis and progression (Aβ load, synaptic loss, microglial activation) and improving spatial memory in the APP/PS1 mouse model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudy Chang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences , Keck Graduate Institute , Claremont , California 91711 , United States
| | - Abrar Al Maghribi
- Henry E. Riggs School of Applied Life Sciences , Keck Graduate Institute , Claremont , California 91711 , United States
| | - Victoria Vanderpoel
- Department of Neuroscience , Pomona College , Claremont , California 91711 , United States
| | - Vitaly Vasilevko
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
| | - David H Cribbs
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
| | - Ruben Boado
- ArmaGen, Inc. , Calabasas , California 91302 , United States
| | | | - Rachita K Sumbria
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences , Keck Graduate Institute , Claremont , California 91711 , United States.,Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders , University of California , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
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30
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Barai P, Raval N, Acharya S, Acharya N. Neuroprotective effects of Bergenia ciliata on NMDA induced injury in SH-SY5Y cells and attenuation of cognitive deficits in scopolamine induced amnesia in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:374-390. [PMID: 30227331 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bergenia ciliata (Haw) Sternb. possess immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-urolithiatic, wound healing, anti-malarial, anti-diabetic and anti-cancer properties. Moreover, the methanolic extracts of the rhizomes of the plant were found to demonstrate beneficial neuroprotective effects in the intracerebroventricular streptozotocin-induced model in rats. Thus, the present study was undertaken to further explore the neuroprotective potential of the aqueous (BA) and methanolic extracts (BM) of B. ciliata through various in-vitro and in-vivo studies. Both the extracts at all tested concentrations i.e. 50-50,000 ng/mL did not cause any significant reduction of cell viability of SH-SY5Y cells when tested for 48 h when assessed through MTT and resazurin metabolism- based cell viability assays. The pre-treatment with the extracts could confer significant (p < 0.001) and dose-dependent protective effects against NMDA induced injury in SH-SY5Y cells. BM [IC50: 5.7 and 5.19 μg/mL for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) respectively] led to more potent inhibition of both the enzymes as compared to BA (IC50: 227.12 and 23.25 μg/mL for AChE and BuChE respectively). BM also proved to be a 1.85-fold better scavenger of the DPPH free radicals as compared to BA. Thus, BM was taken further for the evaluation of the beneficial effects of 14-day pre-treatment in rats in the scopolamine (2 mg/kg, i.p.) induced amnesia model at 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o. BM pre-treatment at 250 and 500 mg/kg could significantly ameliorate the cognitive impairment (p < 0.001), inhibit AChE (p < 0.001) and BuChE (p < 0.05) activity, restore GSH levels (p < 0.05) in serum and brain homogenates and recover the morphology of hippocampal neurons back to normal. Moreover, the BM administration at 500 mg/kg also showed beneficial effects through the significant (p < 0.05) reduction of Aβ1-42, phosphorylated tau (p-tau) and GSK-3β immunoreactivity in the brain homogenates of the intracerebroventricularly streptozotocin (ICV STZ) injected rats as observed from the results of the ELISA assays. The outcomes of the study unveiled that BM exerts its beneficial effects through prevention of NMDA induced excitotoxic cell death, dual cholinesterase inhibition, antioxidant activity coupled with the reduction of the immunoreactivity for the Aβ1-42, p-tau and GSK-3β indicating its potential to be screened further for various other models to determine the exact mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyal Barai
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, S. G. Highway, Ahmedabad, 382481, Gujarat, India
| | - Nisith Raval
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, S. G. Highway, Ahmedabad, 382481, Gujarat, India
| | - Sanjeev Acharya
- SSR College of Pharmacy, Sayli, Silvassa, 306230, U. T. of D&NH, India
| | - Niyati Acharya
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, S. G. Highway, Ahmedabad, 382481, Gujarat, India.
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31
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Barai P, Raval N, Acharya S, Borisa A, Bhatt H, Acharya N. Neuroprotective effects of bergenin in Alzheimer's disease: Investigation through molecular docking, in vitro and in vivo studies. Behav Brain Res 2018; 356:18-40. [PMID: 30118774 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an enervating and chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder, occurring frequently in the elderly and adversely affecting intellectual capabilities and the cognitive processes. Bergenin possesses efficacious antioxidant, antiulcerogenic, anti-HIV, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity along with antinociceptive effect and wound healing properties. Previous studies have shown that bergenin has in vitro bovine adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitory activity, mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activities, β-secretase (BACE-1) enzyme inhibitory activity and prevented neuronal death in the primary culture of rat cortical neurons. Protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP1B) is an intriguing target for anticancer and antidiabetic drugs and has recently been implicated to act as a positive regulator of neuroinflammation. Bergenin is also found to inhibit human protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (hPTP1B) in vitro. Thus, bergenin was screened by molecular docking study using GOLD suite (version 5.2), CCDC for predicting its activity against targets of AD management like acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (1B41), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) (1P0I), Tau protein kinase 1 (GSK-3β) (1J1B), BACE-1 (1FKN) wherein the GOLD score and fitness of bergenin were comparable to those of standard drugs like donepezil, galanthamine, physostigmine, etc. Bergenin demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of both AChE and BuChE in vitro and found to be safe up to 50 μM when screened in vitro on SH-SY5Y cell lines by cytotoxicity studies using MTT and Alamar blue assays. It also led to dose-dependent prevention of NMDA induced toxicity in these cells. Pretreatment with bergenin (14 days) in rats at three dose levels (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg; p.o.) significantly (p < 0.01) and dose-dependently alleviated amnesia induced by scopolamine (2 mg/kg, i.p.). The therapeutic effect of bergenin supplementation for 28 days, at three dose levels, was also evaluated in streptozotocin (3 mg/kg, ICV, unilateral) induced AD model in Wistar rats using Morris water maze and Y maze on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days. STZ caused significant (p < 0.001) cognitive impairment and cholinergic deficit and increased oxidative stress in rats. Bergenin could significantly ameliorate STZ induced behavioral deficits, inhibit the AChE and BuChE activity in parallel with an increase in the diminished GSH levels in a dose-dependent fashion. The histopathological investigations were also supportive of this datum. The bergenin treatment at 80 mg/kg led to significant (p < 0.05) abatement of the raised Aβ-1-42 levels and alleviated the perturbed p- tau levels leading to significantly low (p < 0.01) levels of p-tau in brain homogenates of rats as compared to ICV STZ injected rats. In conclusion, the observed effects might be attributed to the cholinesterase inhibitory activity of bergenin coupled with its antioxidant effect, anti-inflammatory activity and reduction of Aβ-1-42 and p-tau levels which could have collectively helped in the attenuation of cognitive deficits. The current findings of the study are indicative of the promising preventive and ameliorative potential of bergenin in the management of AD through multiple targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyal Barai
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, S. G. Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Nisith Raval
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, S. G. Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Sanjeev Acharya
- SSR College of Pharmacy, Sayli, Silvassa - 306230, U. T. of D&NH, India
| | - Ankit Borisa
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, S. G. Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Hardik Bhatt
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, S. G. Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Niyati Acharya
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, S. G. Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India.
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Barai P, Raval N, Acharya S, Acharya N. Bergenia ciliata ameliorates streptozotocin-induced spatial memory deficits through dual cholinesterase inhibition and attenuation of oxidative stress in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 102:966-980. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Tang M, Taghibiglou C. The Mechanisms of Action of Curcumin in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 58:1003-1016. [PMID: 28527218 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder of the elderly. As the prevalence of AD rises in the 21st century, there is an urgent need for the development of effective pharmacotherapies. Currently, drug treatments target the symptoms of the disease and do not modify or halt the disease progress. Thus, natural compounds have been investigated for their ability to treat AD. This review examines the efficacy of curcumin, a polyphenol derived from turmeric herb, to treat AD. We summarize the in vivo and in vitro research describing the mechanisms of action in which curcumin modifies AD pathology: curcumin inhibits the formation and promotes the disaggregation of amyloid-β plaques, attenuates the hyperphosphorylation of tau and enhances its clearance, binds copper, lowers cholesterol, modifies microglial activity, inhibits acetylcholinesterase, mediates the insulin signaling pathway, and is an antioxidant. In conclusion, curcumin has the potential to be more efficacious than current treatments. However, its usefulness as a therapeutic agent may be hindered by its low bioavailability. If the challenge of low bioavailability is overcome, curcumin-based medications for AD may be in the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxi Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Changiz Taghibiglou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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34
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Hosseini A, Hosseinzadeh H. Antidotal or protective effects of Curcuma longa (turmeric) and its active ingredient, curcumin, against natural and chemical toxicities: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 99:411-421. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Marmouzi I, Karym EM, Saidi N, Meddah B, Kharbach M, Masrar A, Bouabdellah M, Chabraoui L, El Allali K, Cherrah Y, Faouzi MEA. In Vitro and In Vivo Antioxidant and Anti-Hyperglycemic Activities of Moroccan Oat Cultivars. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:antiox6040102. [PMID: 29211033 PMCID: PMC5745512 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6040102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvement of oat lines via introgression is an important process for food biochemical functionality. This work aims to evaluate the protective effect of phenolic compounds from hybrid Oat line (F11-5) and its parent (Amlal) on hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and to establish the possible mechanisms of antidiabetic activity by digestive enzyme inhibition. Eight phenolic acids were quantified in our samples including ferulic, p-hydroxybenzoic, caffeic, salicylic, syringic, sinapic, p-coumaric and chlorogenic acids. The Oat extract (2000 mg/kg) ameliorated the glucose tolerance, decreased Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) and oxidative stress markers, including Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Glutathione (GSH) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) in rat liver and kidney. Furthermore, Metformin and Oat intake prevented anxiety, hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in diabetic rats. In vivo anti-hyperglycemic effect of Oat extracts has been confirmed by their inhibitory activities on α-amylase (723.91 μg/mL and 1027.14 μg/mL) and α-glucosidase (1548.12 μg/mL & 1803.52 μg/mL) enzymes by mean of a mixed inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Marmouzi
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie et Toxicologie, équipe de Pharmacocinétique, Faculté de Médicine et Pharmacie, University Mohammed V in Rabat, BP 6203, Rabat Instituts, Rabat 10100, Morocco.
| | - El Mostafa Karym
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Neurosciences, FST, Université Hassan I, BP 577, Settat 26000, Morocco.
| | - Nezha Saidi
- Regional Office of Rabat, National Institute for Agricultural Research, P.O. Box 6570, Rabat Institutes, Rabat 10101, Morocco.
| | - Bouchra Meddah
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie et Toxicologie, équipe de Pharmacocinétique, Faculté de Médicine et Pharmacie, University Mohammed V in Rabat, BP 6203, Rabat Instituts, Rabat 10100, Morocco.
| | - Mourad Kharbach
- Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Analysis Research Team, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat 10100, Morocco.
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Applied Chemometrics and Molecular Modelling, CePhaR, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Azlarab Masrar
- Central Laboratory of Biochemistry, Ibn Sina Hospital, Rabat 10100, Morocco.
| | - Mounya Bouabdellah
- Central Laboratory of Biochemistry, Ibn Sina Hospital, Rabat 10100, Morocco.
| | - Layachi Chabraoui
- Central Laboratory of Biochemistry, Ibn Sina Hospital, Rabat 10100, Morocco.
| | - Khalid El Allali
- Comparative Anatomy Unit-URAC-49, Hassan II Agronomy and Veterinary Institute, Rabat 10101, Morocco.
| | - Yahia Cherrah
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie et Toxicologie, équipe de Pharmacocinétique, Faculté de Médicine et Pharmacie, University Mohammed V in Rabat, BP 6203, Rabat Instituts, Rabat 10100, Morocco.
| | - My El Abbes Faouzi
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie et Toxicologie, équipe de Pharmacocinétique, Faculté de Médicine et Pharmacie, University Mohammed V in Rabat, BP 6203, Rabat Instituts, Rabat 10100, Morocco.
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Maiese K. Erythropoietin and mTOR: A "One-Two Punch" for Aging-Related Disorders Accompanied by Enhanced Life Expectancy. Curr Neurovasc Res 2017; 13:329-340. [PMID: 27488211 DOI: 10.2174/1567202613666160729164900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Life expectancy continues to increase throughout the world, but is accompanied by a rise in the incidence of non-communicable diseases. As a result, the benefits of an increased lifespan can be limited by aging-related disorders that necessitate new directives for the development of effective and safe treatment modalities. With this objective, the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), a 289-kDa serine/threonine protein, and its related pathways of mTOR Complex 1 (mTORC1), mTOR Complex 2 (mTORC2), proline rich Akt substrate 40 kDa (PRAS40), AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), Wnt signaling, and silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SIRT1), have generated significant excitement for furthering novel therapies applicable to multiple systems of the body. Yet, the biological and clinical outcome of these pathways can be complex especially with oversight of cell death mechanisms that involve apoptosis and autophagy. Growth factors, and in particular erythropoietin (EPO), are one avenue under consideration to implement control over cell death pathways since EPO can offer potential treatment for multiple disease entities and is intimately dependent upon mTOR signaling. In experimental and clinical studies, EPO appears to have significant efficacy in treating several disorders including those involving the developing brain. However, in mature populations that are affected by aging-related disorders, the direction for the use of EPO to treat clinical disease is less clear that may be dependent upon a number of factors including the understanding of mTOR signaling. Continued focus upon the regulatory elements that control EPO and mTOR signaling could generate critical insights for targeting a broad range of clinical maladies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Newark, New Jersey 07101, USA.
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37
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The diabetic brain and cognition. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2017; 124:1431-1454. [PMID: 28766040 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1763-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) is increasing with the aging of the population. Studies from the last several years have shown that people with diabetes have an increased risk for dementia and cognitive impairment. Therefore, the authors of this consensus review tried to elaborate on the role of diabetes, especially diabetes type 2 (T2DM) in both AD and VaD. Based on the clinical and experimental work of scientists from 18 countries participating in the International Congress on Vascular Disorders and on literature search using PUBMED, it can be concluded that T2DM is a risk factor for both, AD and VaD, based on a pathology of glucose utilization. This pathology is the consequence of a disturbance of insulin-related mechanisms leading to brain insulin resistance. Although the underlying pathological mechanisms for AD and VaD are different in many aspects, the contribution of T2DM and insulin resistant brain state (IRBS) to cerebrovascular disturbances in both disorders cannot be neglected. Therefore, early diagnosis of metabolic parameters including those relevant for T2DM is required. Moreover, it is possible that therapeutic options utilized today for diabetes treatment may also have an effect on the risk for dementia. T2DM/IRBS contribute to pathological processes in AD and VaD.
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Azman AS, Othman I, Fang CM, Chan KG, Goh BH, Lee LH. Antibacterial, Anticancer and Neuroprotective Activities of Rare Actinobacteria from Mangrove Forest Soils. Indian J Microbiol 2017; 57:177-187. [PMID: 28611495 PMCID: PMC5446825 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-016-0627-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mangrove is a complex ecosystem that contains diverse microbial communities, including rare actinobacteria with great potential to produce bioactive compounds. To date, bioactive compounds extracted from mangrove rare actinobacteria have demonstrated diverse biological activities. The discovery of three novel rare actinobacteria by polyphasic approach, namely Microbacterium mangrovi MUSC 115T, Sinomonas humi MUSC 117T and Monashia flava MUSC 78T from mangrove soils at Tanjung Lumpur, Peninsular Malaysia have led to the screening on antibacterial, anticancer and neuroprotective activities. A total of ten different panels of bacteria such as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ATCC 43300, ATCC 70069, Pseudomonas aeruginosa NRBC 112582 and others were selected for antibacterial screening. Three different neuroprotective models (hypoxia, oxidative stress, dementia) were done using SHSY5Y neuronal cells while two human cancer cells lines, namely human colon cancer cell lines (HT-29) and human cervical carcinoma cell lines (Ca Ski) were utilized for anticancer activity. The result revealed that all extracts exhibited bacteriostatic effects on the bacteria tested. On the other hand, the neuroprotective studies demonstrated M. mangrovi MUSC 115T extract exhibited significant neuroprotective properties in oxidative stress and dementia model while the extract of strain M. flava MUSC 78T was able to protect the SHSY5Y neuronal cells in hypoxia model. Furthermore, the extracts of M. mangrovi MUSC 115T and M. flava MUSC 78T exhibited anticancer effect against Ca Ski cell line. The chemical analysis of the extracts through GC-MS revealed that the majority of the compounds present in all extracts are heterocyclic organic compound that could explain for the observed bioactivities. Therefore, the results obtained in this study suggested that rare actinobacteria discovered from mangrove environment could be potential sources of antibacterial, anticancer and neuroprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adzzie-Shazleen Azman
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Chee-Mun Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bey-Hing Goh
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
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Mazrooie R, Rohampour K, Zamani M, Hosseinmardi N, Zeraati M. Intracerebroventricular administration of adiponectin attenuates streptozotocin-induced memory impairment in rats. Physiol Int 2017; 104:150-157. [DOI: 10.1556/2060.104.2017.1.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been reported to be linked with diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance. Adiponectin (ADN), an adipocytokine secreted from adipose tissue, is involved in the regulation of insulin sensitivity, energy homeostasis, and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this study, we examined the effect of ADN on passive avoidance memory in animal model of sporadic AD (sAD). On days 1 and 3 after cannulation, rats received intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (3 mg/kg). Thirty minutes before the learning process, animals received saline or ADN in different doses (6, 60, and 600 µg). The step-through latency (STL) and total time spent in the dark compartment (TDC) were recorded and analyzed. In STZ-treated rats, STL was significantly decreased, whereas TDC showed a dramatic increase. In ADN-treated rats, STL was significantly increased (P < 0.01) in all treatment doses. The number of entries was decreased in all applied doses; however, TDC was reduced only by the application of 6 ng of ADN (P < 0.05). It can be concluded that ADN is useful to improve the STZ-induced memory impairment. This study showed, for the first time, that icv administration of ADN could improve the memory acquisition in animal model of sAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mazrooie
- 1 Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - K Rohampour
- 1 Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - M Zamani
- 1 Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - N Hosseinmardi
- 2 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Zeraati
- 3 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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Liang B, Liu Z, Cao Y, Zhu C, Zuo Y, Huang L, Wen G, Shang N, Chen Y, Yue X, Du J, Li B, Zhou B, Bu X. MC37, a new mono-carbonyl curcumin analog, induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 796:139-148. [PMID: 28024945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
(E)-1-(3'-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-3-yl)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one) (MC37), a novel mono-carbonyl curcumin analog, was previously synthesized in our laboratory as a nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) inhibitor with excellent cytotoxicity against several cancer cell lines. In this study, our further investigations showed that the potent growth inhibitory activity of MC37 in human colorectal cancer cells was associated with the arrest of cell cycle progression and the induction of apoptosis. As a multi-targeted agent, MC37 inhibited the intracellular microtubule assembly, altered the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), and ultimately induced G2/M cell cycle arrest. Moreover, MC37 collapsed the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, activated the caspase-9/3 cascade, and finally led to cancer cells apoptosis, suggesting that the mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathway was involved in MC37-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, these observations demonstrated that mono-carbonyl curcumin analogs would serve as multi-targeted lead for promising anti-colorectal cancer agent development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoxia Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ziyi Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yingnan Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Cuige Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yinglin Zuo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lei Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Gesi Wen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Nana Shang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xin Yue
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jun Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Baojian Li
- Shenzhen Davoos tech. Ltd.Co., Room A611, Silver star tech. building, 1301 Guanguang Road, Guanlan, Longhua District, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Binhua Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Xianzhang Bu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Development and Structural Modification of BACE1 Inhibitors. Molecules 2016; 22:molecules22010004. [PMID: 28025519 PMCID: PMC6155942 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder which usually occurs in the elderly. The accumulation of β-amyloid and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles are considered as the main pathogenies of AD. Research suggests that β-secretase 1 (BACE1) plays an important role in the formation of β-amyloid. Discovery of new BACE1 inhibitors has become a significant method to slow down the progression of AD or even cure this kind of disease. This review summarizes the different types and the structural modification of these new BACE1 inhibitors.
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Berberine protects against memory impairment and anxiogenic-like behavior in rats submitted to sporadic Alzheimer’s-like dementia: Involvement of acetylcholinesterase and cell death. Neurotoxicology 2016; 57:241-250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Antidotal effects of curcumin against neurotoxic agents: An updated review. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2016; 9:947-953. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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The Emerging Roles of the Calcineurin-Nuclear Factor of Activated T-Lymphocytes Pathway in Nervous System Functions and Diseases. J Aging Res 2016; 2016:5081021. [PMID: 27597899 PMCID: PMC5002468 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5081021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing epidemics of metabolic diseases and increase in the older population have increased the incidences of neurodegenerative diseases. Evidence from murine and cell line models has implicated calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T-lymphocytes (NFAT) signaling pathway, a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent major proinflammatory pathway, in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Neurotoxins such as amyloid-β, tau protein, and α-synuclein trigger abnormal calcineurin/NFAT signaling activities. Additionally increased activities of endogenous regulators of calcineurin like plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA) and regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) also cause neuronal and glial loss and related functional alterations, in neurodegenerative diseases, psychotic disorders, epilepsy, and traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries. Treatment with calcineurin/NFAT inhibitors induces some degree of neuroprotection and decreased reactive gliosis in the central and peripheral nervous system. In this paper, we summarize and discuss the current understanding of the roles of calcineurin/NFAT signaling in physiology and pathologies of the adult and developing nervous system, with an emphasis on recent reports and cutting-edge findings. Calcineurin/NFAT signaling is known for its critical roles in the developing and adult nervous system. Its role in physiological and pathological processes is still controversial. However, available data suggest that its beneficial and detrimental effects are context-dependent. In view of recent reports calcineurin/NFAT signaling is likely to serve as a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases and conditions. This review further highlights the need to characterize better all factors determining the outcome of calcineurin/NFAT signaling in diseases and the downstream targets mediating the beneficial and detrimental effects.
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Mostafa DK, Ismail CA, Ghareeb DA. Differential metformin dose-dependent effects on cognition in rats: role of Akt. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:2513-24. [PMID: 27113224 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4301-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONAL Epidemiological evidence suggests that individuals with diabetes mellitus are at greater risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, and controversy overwhelms the usefulness of the widely prescribed insulin-sensitizing drug, metformin, on cognition. OBJECTIVES Through the scopolamine-induced memory deficit model, we investigated metformin influence on cognitive dysfunction and explored underlying mechanisms. METHODS Sixty adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into 5 groups (12 rats each) to receive either normal saline, scopolamine 1 mg/kg intraperitoneally once daily, scopolamine + oral metformin (100 mg/kg/day), scopolamine + oral metformin (300 mg/kg/day) or scopolamine + oral rivastigmine (0.75 mg/kg/day) for 14 days. Cognitive behaviours were tested using Morris water maze and passive avoidance tasks. Biochemically, brain oxidative (malondialdehyde) and inflammatory (TNF-α) markers, nitric oxide, Akt, phospho-Akt, phospho-tau and acetyl cholinesterase activity in hippocampal and cortical tissues were assessed. RESULTS The lower dose of metformin (100 mg/kg) ameliorated scopolamine-induced impaired performance in both Morris water maze and passive avoidance tasks, and was associated with significant reduction of inflammation and to a lesser extent oxidative stress versus rivastigmine. Given the role of total Akt in regulation of abnormal tau accumulation and degradation, our finding that metformin 100 decreased the elevated total Akt while increasing its phosphorylated form explains its beneficial modulatory effect on phosphorylated tau in both tissues, and could further clarify its protection against memory impairment. CONCLUSION Metformin, only in the average human antidiabetic dose, offers a protective effect against scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment, while no deleterious effect was observed with the higher dose, which may support a bonus effect of metformin in type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia K Mostafa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Almoassat medical Campus, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Cherine A Ismail
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Almoassat medical Campus, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Doaa A Ghareeb
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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