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Sikiric P, Sever M, Krezic I, Vranes H, Kalogjera L, Smoday IM, Vukovic V, Oroz K, Coric L, Skoro M, Kavelj I, Zubcic S, Sikiric S, Beketic Oreskovic L, Oreskovic I, Blagaic V, Brcic K, Strbe S, Staresinic M, Boban Blagaic A, Skrtic A, Seiwerth S. New studies with stable gastric pentadecapeptide protecting gastrointestinal tract. significance of counteraction of vascular and multiorgan failure of occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome in cytoprotection/organoprotection. Inflammopharmacology 2024:10.1007/s10787-024-01499-8. [PMID: 38980576 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01499-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Since the early 1990s, when Robert's and Szabo's cytoprotection concept had already been more than one decade old, but still not implemented in therapy, we suggest the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as the most relevant mediator of the cytoprotection concept. Consequently, it can translate stomach and gastrointestinal mucosal maintenance, epithelium, and endothelium cell protection to the therapy of other tissue healing (organoprotection), easily applicable, as native and stable in human gastric juice for more than 24 h. These overwhelm current clinical evidence (i.e., ulcerative colitis, phase II, no side effects, and no lethal dose (LD1) in toxicology studies), as BPC 157 therapy effectively combined various tissue healing and lesions counteraction. BPC 157 cytoprotection relevance and vascular recovery, activation of collateral pathways, membrane stabilizer, eye therapy, wound healing capability, brain-gut and gut-brain functioning, tumor cachexia counteraction, muscle, tendon, ligament, and bone disturbances counteraction, and the heart disturbances, myocardial infarction, heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, arrhythmias, and thrombosis counteraction appeared in the recent reviews. Here, as concept resolution, we review the counteraction of advanced Virchow triad circumstances by activation of the collateral rescuing pathways, depending on injury, activated azygos vein direct blood flow delivery, to counteract occlusion/occlusion-like syndromes starting with the context of alcohol-stomach lesions. Counteraction of major vessel failure (congested inferior caval vein and superior mesenteric vein, collapsed azygos vein, collapsed abdominal aorta) includes counteraction of the brain (intracerebral and intraventricular hemorrhage), heart (congestion, severe arrhythmias), lung (hemorrhage), and congestion and lesions in the liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract, intracranial (superior sagittal sinus), portal and caval hypertension, aortal hypotension, and thrombosis, peripherally and centrally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Predrag Sikiric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marko Sever
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Krezic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Vranes
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luka Kalogjera
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Maria Smoday
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vlasta Vukovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katarina Oroz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luka Coric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Skoro
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Kavelj
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Slavica Zubcic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Suncana Sikiric
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Ivana Oreskovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Blagaic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Klara Brcic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Strbe
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Staresinic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alenka Boban Blagaic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anita Skrtic
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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Sikiric P, Boban Blagaic A, Strbe S, Beketic Oreskovic L, Oreskovic I, Sikiric S, Staresinic M, Sever M, Kokot A, Jurjevic I, Matek D, Coric L, Krezic I, Tvrdeic A, Luetic K, Batelja Vuletic L, Pavic P, Mestrovic T, Sjekavica I, Skrtic A, Seiwerth S. The Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Pleiotropic Beneficial Activity and Its Possible Relations with Neurotransmitter Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:461. [PMID: 38675421 PMCID: PMC11053547 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We highlight the particular aspects of the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 pleiotropic beneficial activity (not destroyed in human gastric juice, native and stable in human gastric juice, as a cytoprotection mediator holds a response specifically related to preventing or recovering damage as such) and its possible relations with neurotransmitter activity. We attempt to resolve the shortage of the pleiotropic beneficial effects of BPC 157, given the general standard neurotransmitter criteria, in classic terms. We substitute the lack of direct conclusive evidence (i.e., production within the neuron or present in it as a precursor molecule, released eliciting a response on the receptor on the target cells on neurons and being removed from the site of action once its signaling role is complete). This can be a network of interconnected evidence, previously envisaged in the implementation of the cytoprotection effects, consistent beneficial particular evidence that BPC 157 therapy counteracts dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, GABA, adrenalin/noradrenalin, acetylcholine, and NO-system disturbances. This specifically includes counteraction of those disturbances related to their receptors, both blockade and over-activity, destruction, depletion, tolerance, sensitization, and channel disturbances counteraction. Likewise, BPC 157 activates particular receptors (i.e., VGEF and growth hormone). Furthermore, close BPC 157/NO-system relations with the gasotransmitters crossing the cell membrane and acting directly on molecules inside the cell may envisage particular interactions with receptors on the plasma membrane of their target cells. Finally, there is nerve-muscle relation in various muscle disturbance counteractions, and nerve-nerve relation in various encephalopathies counteraction, which is also exemplified specifically by the BPC 157 therapy application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Predrag Sikiric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Alenka Boban Blagaic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Sanja Strbe
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Lidija Beketic Oreskovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Ivana Oreskovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Suncana Sikiric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Staresinic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Sever
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonio Kokot
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivana Jurjevic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Danijel Matek
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Luka Coric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Ivan Krezic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Ante Tvrdeic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Kresimir Luetic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Lovorka Batelja Vuletic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Predrag Pavic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Mestrovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivica Sjekavica
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anita Skrtic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.B.); (S.S.); (L.B.O.); (I.O.); (S.S.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.K.); (I.J.); (D.M.); (L.C.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.L.); (L.B.V.); (P.P.); (T.M.); (I.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Sikiric P, Kokot A, Kralj T, Zlatar M, Masnec S, Lazic R, Loncaric K, Oroz K, Sablic M, Boljesic M, Antunovic M, Sikiric S, Strbe S, Stambolija V, Beketic Oreskovic L, Kavelj I, Novosel L, Zubcic S, Krezic I, Skrtic A, Jurjevic I, Boban Blagaic A, Seiwerth S, Staresinic M. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157-Possible Novel Therapy of Glaucoma and Other Ocular Conditions. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1052. [PMID: 37513963 PMCID: PMC10385428 DOI: 10.3390/ph16071052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 therapy by activation of collateral pathways counteracted various occlusion/occlusion-like syndromes, vascular, and multiorgan failure, and blood pressure disturbances in rats with permanent major vessel occlusion and similar procedures disabling endothelium function. Thereby, we revealed BPC 157 cytoprotective therapy with strong vascular rescuing capabilities in glaucoma therapy. With these capabilities, BPC 157 therapy can recover glaucomatous rats, normalize intraocular pressure, maintain retinal integrity, recover pupil function, recover retinal ischemia, and corneal injuries (i.e., maintained transparency after complete corneal abrasion, corneal ulceration, and counteracted dry eye after lacrimal gland removal or corneal insensitivity). The most important point is that in glaucomatous rats (three of four episcleral veins cauterized) with high intraocular pressure, all BPC 157 regimens immediately normalized intraocular pressure. BPC 157-treated rats exhibited normal pupil diameter, microscopically well-preserved ganglion cells and optic nerve presentation, normal fundus presentation, nor- mal retinal and choroidal blood vessel presentation, and normal optic nerve presentation. The one episcleral vein rapidly upgraded to accomplish all functions in glaucomatous rats may correspond with occlusion/occlusion-like syndromes of the activated rescuing collateral pathway (azygos vein direct blood flow delivery). Normalized intraocular pressure in glaucomatous rats corresponded to the counteracted intra-cranial (superior sagittal sinus), portal, and caval hypertension, and aortal hypotension in occlusion/occlusion-like syndromes, were all attenuated/eliminated by BPC 157 therapy. Furthermore, given in other eye disturbances (i.e., retinal ischemia), BPC 157 instantly breaks a noxious chain of events, both at an early stage and an already advanced stage. Thus, we further advocate BPC 157 as a therapeutic agent in ocular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Predrag Sikiric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonio Kokot
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Tamara Kralj
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirna Zlatar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Masnec
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ratimir Lazic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kristina Loncaric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katarina Oroz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Sablic
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marta Boljesic
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marko Antunovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Suncana Sikiric
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Strbe
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vasilije Stambolija
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Ivana Kavelj
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luka Novosel
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Slavica Zubcic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Krezic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anita Skrtic
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Jurjevic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alenka Boban Blagaic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Staresinic
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Kalogjera L, Krezic I, Smoday IM, Vranes H, Zizek H, Yago H, Oroz K, Vukovic V, Kavelj I, Novosel L, Zubcic S, Barisic I, Beketic Oreskovic L, Strbe S, Sever M, Sjekavica I, Skrtic A, Boban Blagaic A, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. Stomach perforation-induced general occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome and stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 therapy effect. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:4289-4316. [PMID: 37545637 PMCID: PMC10401663 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i27.4289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using rat stomach perforation as a prototypic direct lesion applied in cytoprotection research, we focused on the first demonstration of the severe occlusion/ occlusion-like syndrome induced by stomach perforation. The revealed stomach-induced occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome corresponds to the previously described occlusion/occlusion-like syndromes in rats suffering multicausal pathology and shared severe vascular and multiorgan failure. This general point was particularly reviewed. As in all the described occlusion/occlusion-like syndromes with permanent occlusion of major vessels, peripheral and central, and other similar noxious procedures that severely affect endothelium function, the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 was resolving therapy.
AIM To reveal the stomach perforation-induced general occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome and BPC 157 therapy effect.
METHODS The procedure included deeply anesthetized rats, complete calvariectomy, laparotomy at 15 min thereafter, and stomach perforation to rapidly induce vascular and multiorgan failure occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome. At 5 min post-perforation time, rats received therapy [BPC 157 (10 µg or 10 ng/kg) or saline (5 mL/kg, 1 mL/rat) (controls)] into the perforated defect in the stomach). Sacrifice was at 15 min or 60 min post-perforation time. Assessment (gross and microscopy; volume) included: Brain swelling, peripheral vessels (azygos vein, superior mesenteric vein, portal vein, inferior caval vein) and heart, other organs lesions (i.e., stomach, defect closing or widening); superior sagittal sinus, and peripherally the portal vein, inferior caval vein, and abdominal aorta blood pressures and clots; electrocardiograms; and bleeding time from the perforation(s).
RESULTS BPC 157 beneficial effects accord with those noted before in the healing of the perforated defect (raised vessel presentation; less bleeding, defect contraction) and occlusion/occlusion-like syndromes counteraction. BPC 157 therapy (into the perforated defect), induced immediate shrinking and contraction of the whole stomach (unlike considerable enlargement by saline application). Accordingly, BPC 157 therapy induced direct blood delivery via the azygos vein, and attenuated/eliminated the intracranial (superior sagittal sinus), portal and caval hypertension, and aortal hypotension. Thrombosis, peripherally (inferior caval vein, portal vein, abdominal aorta) and centrally (superior sagittal sinus) BPC 157 therapy markedly reduced/annihilated. Severe lesions in the brain (swelling, hemorrhage), heart (congestion and arrhythmias), lung (hemorrhage and congestion), and marked congestion in the liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract were markedly reduced.
CONCLUSION We revealed stomach perforation as a severe occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome, peripherally and centrally, and rapid counteraction by BPC 157 therapy. Thereby, further BPC 157 therapy may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Kalogjera
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Ivan Krezic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Ivan Maria Smoday
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Vranes
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Helena Zizek
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Haidi Yago
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Katarina Oroz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Vlasta Vukovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Ivana Kavelj
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Luka Novosel
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Slavica Zubcic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Ivan Barisic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Lidija Beketic Oreskovic
- Division of Oncology and Radiotherapy, University Hospital for Tumors, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Sanja Strbe
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Marko Sever
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Ivica Sjekavica
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Anita Skrtic
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | | | - Sven Seiwerth
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Predrag Sikiric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
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Sikiric P, Gojkovic S, Krezic I, Smoday IM, Kalogjera L, Zizek H, Oroz K, Vranes H, Vukovic V, Labidi M, Strbe S, Baketic Oreskovic L, Sever M, Tepes M, Knezevic M, Barisic I, Blagaic V, Vlainic J, Dobric I, Staresinic M, Skrtic A, Jurjevic I, Boban Blagaic A, Seiwerth S. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 May Recover Brain-Gut Axis and Gut-Brain Axis Function. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050676. [PMID: 37242459 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Conceptually, a wide beneficial effect, both peripherally and centrally, might have been essential for the harmony of brain-gut and gut-brain axes' function. Seen from the original viewpoint of the gut peptides' significance and brain relation, the favorable stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 evidence in the brain-gut and gut-brain axes' function might have been presented as a particular interconnected network. These were the behavioral findings (interaction with main systems, anxiolytic, anticonvulsive, antidepressant effect, counteracted catalepsy, and positive and negative schizophrenia symptoms models). Muscle healing and function recovery appeared as the therapeutic effects of BPC 157 on the various muscle disabilities of a multitude of causes, both peripheral and central. Heart failure was counteracted (including arrhythmias and thrombosis), and smooth muscle function recovered. These existed as a multimodal muscle axis impact on muscle function and healing as a function of the brain-gut axis and gut-brain axis as whole. Finally, encephalopathies, acting simultaneously in both the periphery and central nervous system, BPC 157 counteracted stomach and liver lesions and various encephalopathies in NSAIDs and insulin rats. BPC 157 therapy by rapidly activated collateral pathways counteracted the vascular and multiorgan failure concomitant to major vessel occlusion and, similar to noxious procedures, reversed initiated multicausal noxious circuit of the occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome. Severe intracranial (superior sagittal sinus) hypertension, portal and caval hypertensions, and aortal hypotension were attenuated/eliminated. Counteracted were the severe lesions in the brain, lungs, liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract. In particular, progressing thrombosis, both peripherally and centrally, and heart arrhythmias and infarction that would consistently occur were fully counteracted and/or almost annihilated. To conclude, we suggest further BPC 157 therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Predrag Sikiric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Slaven Gojkovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Krezic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Maria Smoday
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luka Kalogjera
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Helena Zizek
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katarina Oroz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Vranes
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vlasta Vukovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - May Labidi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Strbe
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Marko Sever
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijan Tepes
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mario Knezevic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Barisic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Blagaic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Hospital Sveti Duh, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Josipa Vlainic
- Laboratory for Advanced Genomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, lnstitute Ruder Boskovic, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Dobric
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Staresinic
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anita Skrtic
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Jurjevic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alenka Boban Blagaic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Striated, Smooth, and Heart Muscle. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123221. [PMID: 36551977 PMCID: PMC9775659 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
First, we review the definitively severed myotendinous junction and recovery by the cytoprotective stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 therapy, its healing that might combine both transected and detached tendon and transected muscle, ligament and bone injuries, applied alone, as native peptide therapy, effective in rat injury, given intraperitoneally or in drinking water or topically, at the site of injury. As a follow up, we reviewed that with the BPC 157 therapy, its cytoprotective ability to organize simultaneous healing of different tissues of and full recovery of the myotendinous junction might represent the particular muscle therapy against distinctive etiopathology muscle disabilities and weakness. In this, BPC 157 therapy might recover many of muscle disabilities (i.e., succinylcholine, vascular occlusion, spinal cord compression, stroke, traumatic brain injury, severe electrolyte disturbances, neurotoxins, neuroleptics, alcohol, serotonin syndrome and NO-system blockade and tumor-cachexia). These might provide practical realization of the multimodal muscle-axis impact able to react depending on the condition and the given agent(s) and the symptoms distinctively related to the prime injurious cause symptoms in the wide healing concept, the concept of cytoprotection, in particular. Further, the BPC 157 therapy might be the recovery for the disabled heart functioning, and disabled smooth muscle functioning (various sphincters function recovery). Finally, BPC 157, native and stable in human gastric juice, might be a prototype of anti-ulcer cytoprotective peptide for the muscle therapy with high curing potential (very safe profile (lethal dose not achieved), with suited wide effective range (µg-ng regimens) and ways of application).
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Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as Useful Cytoprotective Peptide Therapy in the Heart Disturbances, Myocardial Infarction, Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension, Arrhythmias, and Thrombosis Presentation. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112696. [PMID: 36359218 PMCID: PMC9687817 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In heart disturbances, stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 especial therapy effects combine the therapy of myocardial infarction, heart failure, pulmonary hypertension arrhythmias, and thrombosis prevention and reversal. The shared therapy effect occurred as part of its even larger cytoprotection (cardioprotection) therapy effect (direct epithelial cell protection; direct endothelium cell protection) that BPC 157 exerts as a novel cytoprotection mediator, which is native and stable in human gastric juice, as well as easily applicable. Accordingly, there is interaction with many molecular pathways, combining maintained endothelium function and maintained thrombocytes function, which counteracted thrombocytopenia in rats that underwent major vessel occlusion and deep vein thrombosis and counteracted thrombosis in all vascular studies; the coagulation pathways were not affected. These appeared as having modulatory effects on NO-system (NO-release, NOS-inhibition, NO-over-stimulation all affected), controlling vasomotor tone and the activation of the Src-Caveolin-1-eNOS pathway and modulatory effects on the prostaglandins system (BPC 157 counteracted NSAIDs toxicity, counteracted bleeding, thrombocytopenia, and in particular, leaky gut syndrome). As an essential novelty noted in the vascular studies, there was the activation of the collateral pathways. This might be the upgrading of the minor vessel to take over the function of the disabled major vessel, competing with and counteracting the Virchow triad circumstances devastatingly present, making possible the recruitment of collateral blood vessels, compensating vessel occlusion and reestablishing the blood flow or bypassing the occluded or ruptured vessel. As a part of the counteraction of the severe vessel and multiorgan failure syndrome, counteracted were the brain, lung, liver, kidney, gastrointestinal lesions, and in particular, the counteraction of the heart arrhythmias and infarction.
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Vukojevic J, Milavić M, Perović D, Ilić S, Čilić AZ, Đuran N, Štrbe S, Zoričić Z, Filipčić I, Brečić P, Seiverth S, Sikirić P. Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and the central nervous system. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:482-487. [PMID: 34380875 PMCID: PMC8504390 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.320969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We reviewed the pleiotropic beneficial effects of the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157, three very recent demonstrations that may be essential in the gut-brain and brain-gut axis operation, and therapy application in the central nervous system disorders, in particular. Firstly, given in the reperfusion, BPC 157 counteracted bilateral clamping of the common carotid arteries-induced stroke, sustained brain neuronal damages were resolved in rats as well as disturbed memory, locomotion, and coordination. This therapy effect supports particular gene expression in hippocampal tissues that appeared in BPC 157-treated rats. Secondly, there are L-NG-nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)- and haloperidol-induced catalepsy as well as the rat acute and chronic models of 'positive-like' schizophrenia symptoms, that BPC 157 counteracted, and resolved the complex relationship of the nitric oxide-system with amphetamine and apomorphine (dopamine agents application), MK-801 (non-competitive antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor) and chronic methamphetamine administration (to induce sensitivity). Thirdly, after rat spinal cord compression, there were advanced healing and functional recovery (counteracted tail paralysis). Likewise, in BPC 157 therapy, there is specific support for each of these topics: counteracted encephalopathies; alleviated vascular occlusion disturbances (stroke); counteracted dopamine disturbances (dopamine receptors blockade, receptors super sensitivity development, or receptor activation, over-release, nigrostriatal damage, vesicles depletion), and nitric oxide-system disturbances ("L-NAME non-responsive, L-arginine responsive," and "L-NAME responsive, L-arginine responsive") (schizophrenia therapy); inflammation reduction, nerve recovery in addition to alleviated hemostasis and vessels function after compression (spinal cord injury therapy). Thus, these disturbances may be all resolved within the same agent's beneficial activity, i.e., the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakša Vukojevic
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Milavić
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Darko Perović
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Spomenko Ilić
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Nataša Đuran
- University Psychiatric Hospital "Vrapče", Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Štrbe
- University Clinical Hospital Center "Zagreb", Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zoran Zoričić
- University Clinical Hospital Center "Sestre Milosrdnice", Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Petrana Brečić
- University Psychiatric Hospital "Vrapče", Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sven Seiverth
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Predrag Sikirić
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Therapy of Rat Glaucoma. Biomedicines 2021; 10:biomedicines10010089. [PMID: 35052769 PMCID: PMC8773185 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cauterization of three episcleral veins (open-angle glaucoma model) induces venous congestion and increases intraocular pressure in rats. If not upgraded, one episcleral vein is regularly unable to acquire and take over the whole function, and glaucoma-like features persist. Recently, the rapid upgrading of the collateral pathways by a stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 has cured many severe syndromes induced by permanent occlusion of major vessels, veins and/or arteries, peripherally and centrally. In a six-week study, medication was given prophylactically (immediately before glaucoma surgery, i.e., three episcleral veins cauterization) or as curative treatment (starting at 24 h after glaucoma surgery). The daily regimen of BPC 157 (0.4 µg/eye, 0.4 ng/eye; 10 µg/kg, 10 ng/kg) was administered locally as drops in each eye, intraperitoneally (last application at 24 h before sacrifice) or per-orally in drinking water (0.16 µg/mL, 0.16 ng/mL, 12 mL/rat until the sacrifice, first application being intragastric). Consequently, all BPC 157 regimens immediately normalized intraocular pressure. BPC 157-treated rats exhibited normal pupil diameter, microscopically well-preserved ganglion cells and optic nerve presentation, normal fundus presentation, normal retinal and choroidal blood vessel presentation and normal optic nerve presentation. As leading symptoms, increased intraocular pressure and mydriasis, as well as degeneration of retinal ganglion cells, optic nerve head excavation and reduction in optic nerve thickness, generalized severe irregularity of retinal vessels, faint presentation of choroidal vessels and severe optic nerve disc atrophy were all counteracted. In conclusion, we claim that the reversal of the episcleral veins cauterization glaucoma appeared as a consequence of the BPC 157 therapy of the vessel occlusion-induced perilous syndrome.
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Japjec M, Horvat Pavlov K, Petrovic A, Staresinic M, Sebecic B, Buljan M, Vranes H, Giljanovic A, Drmic D, Japjec M, Prtoric A, Lovric E, Batelja Vuletic L, Dobric I, Boban Blagaic A, Skrtic A, Seiwerth S, Predrag S. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as a Therapy for the Disable Myotendinous Junctions in Rats. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111547. [PMID: 34829776 PMCID: PMC8615275 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Aim: The stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 is known to heal transected muscle, tendon, and ligament. Thereby, in this study, we investigated the effect of BPC 157 on the dissection of the quadriceps tendon from the quadriceps muscle in rats. (2) Materials and Methods: Myotendinous junction defect, which cannot heal spontaneously in rats, as evidenced with consistent macro/microscopic, biomechanical, functional assessments, eNOS, and COX-2 mRNA levels and oxidative stress and NO-levels in the myotendinous junctions. BPC 157 (10 µg/kg, 10 ng/kg) regimen was given (i) intraperitoneally, first application immediately after surgery, last 24 h before sacrifice; (ii) per-orally, in drinking water (0.16 µg/mL, 0.16 ng/mL, 12 mL/rat/day), till the sacrifice at 7, 14, 28 and 42 postoperative days. (3) Results: These BPC 157 regimens document prominent therapy effects (macro/microscopic, biomechanical, functional much like eNOS and COX-2 mRNA levels and counteracted oxidative stress and NO-levels in the myotendinous junctions), while controls have a poor presentation. Especially, in rats with the disabled myotendinous junction, along with full functional recovery, BPC 157 counteracts muscle atrophy that is regularly progressive and brings muscle presentation close to normal. Accordingly, unlike the perilous course in controls, those rats, when receiving BPC 157 therapy, exhibit a smaller defect, and finally defects completely disappear. Microscopically, there are no more inflammatory infiltrate, well-oriented recovered tissue of musculotendon junction appears in BPC 157 treated rats at the 28 days and 42 days. (4) Conclusions: BPC 157 restores myotendinous junction in accordance with the healing of the transected muscle, tendon, and ligament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mladen Japjec
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.J.); (M.S.); (B.S.); (A.P.); (I.D.)
| | - Katarina Horvat Pavlov
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, P.O. Box 910, Salata 10, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.H.P.); (A.P.); (E.L.); (L.B.V.); (S.S.)
| | - Andreja Petrovic
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, P.O. Box 910, Salata 10, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.H.P.); (A.P.); (E.L.); (L.B.V.); (S.S.)
| | - Mario Staresinic
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.J.); (M.S.); (B.S.); (A.P.); (I.D.)
| | - Bozidar Sebecic
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.J.); (M.S.); (B.S.); (A.P.); (I.D.)
| | - Matko Buljan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, P.O. Box, 916, Salata 11, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.B.); (H.V.); (A.G.); (D.D.); (M.J.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Hrvoje Vranes
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, P.O. Box, 916, Salata 11, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.B.); (H.V.); (A.G.); (D.D.); (M.J.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Ana Giljanovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, P.O. Box, 916, Salata 11, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.B.); (H.V.); (A.G.); (D.D.); (M.J.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Domagoj Drmic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, P.O. Box, 916, Salata 11, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.B.); (H.V.); (A.G.); (D.D.); (M.J.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Miroslav Japjec
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, P.O. Box, 916, Salata 11, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.B.); (H.V.); (A.G.); (D.D.); (M.J.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Andreja Prtoric
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.J.); (M.S.); (B.S.); (A.P.); (I.D.)
| | - Eva Lovric
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, P.O. Box 910, Salata 10, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.H.P.); (A.P.); (E.L.); (L.B.V.); (S.S.)
| | - Lovorka Batelja Vuletic
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, P.O. Box 910, Salata 10, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.H.P.); (A.P.); (E.L.); (L.B.V.); (S.S.)
| | - Ivan Dobric
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.J.); (M.S.); (B.S.); (A.P.); (I.D.)
| | - Alenka Boban Blagaic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, P.O. Box, 916, Salata 11, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.B.); (H.V.); (A.G.); (D.D.); (M.J.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Anita Skrtic
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, P.O. Box 910, Salata 10, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.H.P.); (A.P.); (E.L.); (L.B.V.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (S.P.); Tel.: +385-1-4566-980 (A.S.); +385-1-4566-833 (S.P.); Fax: +385-1-492-0050 (A.S. & S.P.)
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, P.O. Box 910, Salata 10, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.H.P.); (A.P.); (E.L.); (L.B.V.); (S.S.)
| | - Sikiric Predrag
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, P.O. Box, 916, Salata 11, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.B.); (H.V.); (A.G.); (D.D.); (M.J.); (A.B.B.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (S.P.); Tel.: +385-1-4566-980 (A.S.); +385-1-4566-833 (S.P.); Fax: +385-1-492-0050 (A.S. & S.P.)
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11
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Udovicic M, Sever M, Kavur L, Loncaric K, Barisic I, Balenovic D, Zivanovic Posilovic G, Strinic D, Uzun S, Batelja Vuletic L, Sikiric S, Skrtic A, Drmic D, Boban Blagaic A, Lovric Bencic M, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Therapy for Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats Leads to Prevention and Reversal. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070822. [PMID: 34356886 PMCID: PMC8301325 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Monocrotaline selectively injures the lung's vascular endothelium and induces pulmonary arterial hypertension. The stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 acts as a prototype cytoprotective agent that maintains endothelium, and its application may be a novel therapy. Besides, BPC 157 prevents and reverses thrombosis formation, maintains platelet function, alleviates peripheral vascular occlusion disturbances, and has anti-arrhythmic and anti-inflammatory effects. Monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats (wall thickness, total vessel area, heart frequency, QRS axis deviation, QT interval prolongation, increase in right ventricle systolic pressure and bodyweight loss) can be counteracted with early or delayed BPC 157 therapy. Methods and Results. After monocrotaline (80 mg/kg subcutaneously), BPC 157 (10 μg/kg or 10 ng/kg, days 1-14 or days 1-30 (early regimens), or days 14-30 (delayed regimen)) was given once daily intraperitoneally (last application 24 h before sacrifice) or continuously in drinking water until sacrifice (day 14 or 30). Without therapy, the outcome was the full monocrotaline syndrome, marked by right-side heart hypertrophy and massive thickening of the precapillary artery's smooth muscle layer, clinical deterioration, and sometimes death due to pulmonary hypertension and right-heart failure during the 4th week after monocrotaline injection. With all BPC 157 regimens, monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (including all disturbed parameters) was counteracted, and consistent beneficial effects were documented during the whole course of the disease. Pulmonary hypertension was not even developed (early regimens) as quickly as the advanced pulmonary hypertension was rapidly attenuated and then completely eliminated (delayed regimen). Conclusions. Thus, pentadecapeptide BPC 157 prevents and counteracts monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension and cor pulmonale in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Udovicic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.U.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (K.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (G.Z.P.); (D.S.); (S.U.); (D.D.); (A.B.B.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Marko Sever
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.U.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (K.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (G.Z.P.); (D.S.); (S.U.); (D.D.); (A.B.B.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Lovro Kavur
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.U.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (K.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (G.Z.P.); (D.S.); (S.U.); (D.D.); (A.B.B.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Kristina Loncaric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.U.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (K.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (G.Z.P.); (D.S.); (S.U.); (D.D.); (A.B.B.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Ivan Barisic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.U.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (K.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (G.Z.P.); (D.S.); (S.U.); (D.D.); (A.B.B.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Diana Balenovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.U.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (K.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (G.Z.P.); (D.S.); (S.U.); (D.D.); (A.B.B.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Gordana Zivanovic Posilovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.U.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (K.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (G.Z.P.); (D.S.); (S.U.); (D.D.); (A.B.B.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Dean Strinic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.U.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (K.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (G.Z.P.); (D.S.); (S.U.); (D.D.); (A.B.B.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Sandra Uzun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.U.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (K.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (G.Z.P.); (D.S.); (S.U.); (D.D.); (A.B.B.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Lovorka Batelja Vuletic
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.B.V.); (S.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Suncana Sikiric
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.B.V.); (S.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Anita Skrtic
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.B.V.); (S.S.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (P.S.); Tel.: +385-1-4566-980 (A.S.); +385-1-4566-833 (P.S.); Fax: +385-1-4920-050 (A.S. & P.S.)
| | - Domagoj Drmic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.U.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (K.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (G.Z.P.); (D.S.); (S.U.); (D.D.); (A.B.B.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Alenka Boban Blagaic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.U.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (K.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (G.Z.P.); (D.S.); (S.U.); (D.D.); (A.B.B.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Martina Lovric Bencic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.U.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (K.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (G.Z.P.); (D.S.); (S.U.); (D.D.); (A.B.B.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.B.V.); (S.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Predrag Sikiric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.U.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (K.L.); (I.B.); (D.B.); (G.Z.P.); (D.S.); (S.U.); (D.D.); (A.B.B.); (M.L.B.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (P.S.); Tel.: +385-1-4566-980 (A.S.); +385-1-4566-833 (P.S.); Fax: +385-1-4920-050 (A.S. & P.S.)
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12
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Zlatar M, Kokot A, Vuletic LB, Masnec S, Kralj T, Perisa MM, Barisic I, Radic B, Milanovic K, Drmic D, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. BPC 157 as a Therapy for Retinal Ischemia Induced by Retrobulbar Application of L-NAME in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:632295. [PMID: 34177567 PMCID: PMC8222724 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.632295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Providing NO-system importance, we suggest that one single application of the NOS-blocker L-NAME may induce retinal ischemia in rats, and that the stable pentadecapeptide BPC 157 may be the therapy, since it may interact with the NO-system and may counteract various adverse effects of L-NAME application. A rat retinal ischemia study was conducted throughout 4 weeks, including fundoscopy, behavior presentation, tonometry, and histology assessment. Retrobulbar L-NAME application (5 mg/kg; 0.5 mg/0.1 ml saline/each eye) in rats immediately produced moderate generalized irregularity in the diameter of blood vessels with moderate atrophy of the optic disc and faint presentation of the choroidal blood vessels, and these lesions rapidly progressed to the severe stage. The specific L-NAME-induced vascular failure points to normal intraocular pressure (except to very transitory increase upon drug retrobulbar administration). When BPC 157 (10 μg; 10 ng/kg, as retrobulbar application, 1 μg; 1 ng/0.1 ml saline/each eye) is given at either 20 min after L-NAME or, lately, at 48 h after L-NAME, the regular retrobulbar L-NAME injection findings disappear. Instead, fundoscopy demonstrated only discrete generalized vessel caliber irregularity with mild atrophy of the optic disc, and then, quite rapidly, normal eye background and choroidal blood vessels, which remain in all of the subsequent periods. Also, histology assessment at 1, 2, and 4 weeks shows that BPC 157 counteracted the damaged inner plexiform layer and inner nuclear layer, and revealed normal retinal thickness. The poor behavioral presentation was also rescued. Thus, while further studies will be done, BPC 157 counteracted L-NAME-induced rat retinal ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Zlatar
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital Virovitica, Virovitica, Croatia
| | - Antonio Kokot
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | | | - Sanja Masnec
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital Virovitica, Virovitica, Croatia
| | - Tamara Kralj
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Ivan Barisic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Bozo Radic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kristina Milanovic
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Drmic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Predrag Sikiric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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13
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Sikiric P, Drmic D, Sever M, Klicek R, Blagaic AB, Tvrdeic A, Kralj T, Kovac KK, Vukojevic J, Siroglavic M, Gojkovic S, Krezic I, Pavlov KH, Rasic D, Mirkovic I, Kokot A, Skrtic A, Seiwerth S. Fistulas Healing. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Therapy. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:2991-3000. [PMID: 32329684 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200424180139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review is focused on the healing of fistulas and stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157. Assuming that the healing of the various wounds is essential also for the gastrointestinal fistulas healing, the healing effect on fistulas in rats, consistently noted with the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157, may raise several interesting possibilities. BPC 157 is originally an anti-ulcer agent, native to and stable in human gastric juice (for more than 24 h). Likely, it is a novel mediator of Robert's cytoprotection maintaining gastrointestinal mucosal integrity. Namely, it is effective in the whole gastrointestinal tract, and heals various wounds (i.e., skin, muscle, tendon, ligament, bone; ulcers in the entire gastrointestinal tract; corneal ulcer); LD1 is not achieved. It is used in ulcerative colitis clinical trials, and now in multiple sclerosis, and addressed in several reviews. Therefore, it is not surprising that BPC 157 has documented consistent healing of the various gastrointestinal fistulas, external (esophagocutaneous, gastrocutaneous, duodenocutaneous, colocutaneous) and internal (colovesical, rectovaginal). Taking fistulas as a pathological connection, this rescue is verified with the beneficial effects in rats with the various gastrointestinal anastomoses, esophagogastric, jejunoileal, colo-colonic, ileoileal, esophagojejunal, esophagoduodenal, and gastrojejunal. This beneficial effect occurs equally when the gastrointestinal anastomoses are impaired with the application of NSAIDs, cysteamine, large bowel resection, as well as concomitant esophageal, gastric, and duodenal lesions and/or ulcerative colitis presentation, short bowel syndrome progression, liver and brain disturbances presentation. Particular aspects of the BPC 157 healing of the fistulas are especially emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Predrag Sikiric
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, POB 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Drmic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, POB 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Sever
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, POB 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Robert Klicek
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, POB 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alenka B Blagaic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, POB 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ante Tvrdeic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, POB 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tamara Kralj
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, POB 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katarina K Kovac
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, POB 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jaksa Vukojevic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, POB 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Siroglavic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, POB 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Slaven Gojkovic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, POB 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Krezic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, POB 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katarina H Pavlov
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, POB 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Rasic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, POB 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Mirkovic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, POB 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonio Kokot
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, POB 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anita Skrtic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, POB 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, POB 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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14
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Zemba Cilic A, Zemba M, Cilic M, Balenovic I, Strbe S, Ilic S, Vukojevic J, Zoricic Z, Filipcic I, Kokot A, Drmic D, Blagaic AB, Tvrdeic A, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 counteracts L-NAME-induced catalepsy. BPC 157, L-NAME, L-arginine, NO-relation, in the suited rat acute and chronic models resembling 'positive-like' symptoms of schizophrenia. Behav Brain Res 2020; 396:112919. [PMID: 32956773 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the suited rat-models, we focused on the stable pentadecapeptide BPC 157, L-NAME, NOS-inhibitor, and L-arginine, NOS-substrate, relation, the effect on schizophrenia-like symptoms. Medication (mg/kg intraperitoneally) was L-NAME (5), L-arginine (100), BPC 157 (0.01), given alone and/or together, at 5 min before the challenge for the acutely disturbed motor activity (dopamine-indirect/direct agonists (amphetamine (3.0), apomorphine (2.5)), NMDA-receptor non-competitive antagonist (MK-801 (0.2)), or catalepsy, (dopamine-receptor antagonist haloperidol (2.0)). Alternatively, BPC 157 10 μg/kg was given immediately after L-NAME 40 mg/kg intraperitoneally. To induce or prevent sensitization, we used chronic methamphetamine administration, alternating 3 days during the first 3 weeks, and challenge after next 4 weeks, and described medication (L-NAME, L-arginine, BPC 157) at 5 min before the methamphetamine at the second and third week. Given alone, BPC 157 or L-arginine counteracted the amphetamine-, apomorphine-, and MK-801-induced effect, haloperidol-induced catalepsy and chronic methamphetamine-induced sensitization. L-NAME did not affect the apomorphine-, and MK-801-induced effects, haloperidol-induced catalepsy and chronic methamphetamine-induced sensitization, but counteracted the acute amphetamine-induced effect. In combinations (L-NAME + L-arginine), as NO-specific counteraction, L-NAME counteracts L-arginine-induced counteractions in the apomorphine-, MK-801-, haloperidol- and methamphetamine-rats, but not in amphetamine-rats. Unlike L-arginine, BPC 157 maintains its counteracting effect in the presence of the NOS-blockade (L-NAME + BPC 157) or NO-system-over-stimulation (L-arginine + BPC 157). Illustrating the BPC 157-L-arginine relationships, BPC 157 restored the antagonization (L-NAME + L-arginine + BPC 157) when it had been abolished by the co-administration of L-NAME with L-arginine (L-NAME + L-arginine). Finally, BPC 157 directly inhibits the L-NAME high dose-induced catalepsy. Further studies would determine precise BPC 157/dopamine/glutamate/NO-system relationships and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zemba Cilic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mladen Zemba
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Matija Cilic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Igor Balenovic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Strbe
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Spomenko Ilic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jaksa Vukojevic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zoran Zoricic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Igor Filipcic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonio Kokot
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Drmic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alenka Boban Blagaic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ante Tvrdeic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Predrag Sikiric
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
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15
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Mirković I, Kralj T, Lozić M, Stambolija V, Kovačević J, Vrdoljak L, Zlatar M, Milanović K, Drmić D, Predović J, Masnec S, Jurjević M, Bušić M, Seiwerth S, Kokot A, Sikirić P. Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 shortens duration of tetracaine- and oxybuprocaine-induced corneal anesthesia in rats. Acta Clin Croat 2020; 59:394-406. [PMID: 34177048 PMCID: PMC8212645 DOI: 10.20471/acc.2020.59.03.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We focused on the relationship of 0.5% tetracaine- and 0.4% oxybuprocaine-induced corneal anesthesia in rats, and pentadecapeptide BPC 157 (0.4 µg/eye), along with nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (0.1 mg/eye) and/or NOS substrate L-arginine (2 mg/eye), applied in the form of eye drops. We assessed corneal sensitivity recovery (Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer), corneal lesion elimination (staining with 10% fluorescein) and decrease in tear volume (Schirmer test). BPC 157 administration had a full counteracting effect. Recovery also occurred in the presence of NOS blockade and NOS substrate application. L-arginine eventually shortened duration of corneal insensitivity and exerted corneal lesion counteraction (and counteraction of tetracaine-induced decrease of tear volume) only in earlier but not in later period. L-NAME application led to longer duration of corneal insensitivity, increase in corneal lesions and decrease in tear volume. When L-NAME and L-arginine were applied together, they antagonized each other’s effect. These distinctions may indicate particular NOS involvement (corneal insensitivity vs. corneal lesion along with tear production), distinctively affected by the administration of NO agents. However, additional BPC 157 co-administration would re-establish counteraction over topical ophthalmic anesthetic-induced effect, be it in its early or late course. We suggest BPC 157 as an antidote to topical ophthalmic anesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamara Kralj
- 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Osijek Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Sveti Duh University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marin Lozić
- 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Osijek Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Sveti Duh University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vasilije Stambolija
- 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Osijek Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Sveti Duh University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Josip Kovačević
- 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Osijek Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Sveti Duh University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luka Vrdoljak
- 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Osijek Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Sveti Duh University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirna Zlatar
- 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Osijek Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Sveti Duh University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kristina Milanović
- 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Osijek Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Sveti Duh University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Drmić
- 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Osijek Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Sveti Duh University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jurica Predović
- 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Osijek Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Sveti Duh University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Masnec
- 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Osijek Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Sveti Duh University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Matija Jurjević
- 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Osijek Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Sveti Duh University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mladen Bušić
- 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Osijek Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Sveti Duh University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Osijek Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Sveti Duh University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonio Kokot
- 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Osijek Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Sveti Duh University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Predrag Sikirić
- 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Osijek Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Sveti Duh University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
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16
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In relation to NO-System, Stable Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Counteracts Lidocaine-Induced Adverse Effects in Rats and Depolarisation In Vitro. Emerg Med Int 2020; 2020:6805354. [PMID: 32566305 PMCID: PMC7273470 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6805354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the pentadecapeptide BPC 157-induced counteraction of bupivacaine cardiotoxicity has been reported. Medication includes (i) lidocaine-induced local anesthesia via intraplantar application and axillary and spinal (L4-L5) intrathecal block, (ii) lidocaine-induced arrhythmias, (iii) convulsions, and (iv) lidocaine-induced HEK293 cell depolarisation. BPC 157 applications (intraplantar, intraperitoneal, and intragastric) were given (i) immediately after lidocaine, (ii) 10 min after, or (iii) 5 min before. The BPC 157/NO-system relationship was verified with NO-agents, the NOS-blocker L-NAME and the NOS-substrate L-arginine, given alone and/or together, in axillary and spinal intrathecal blocks. BPC 157 applied immediately after lidocaine or 5 min before the application of lidocaine considerably ameliorated plantar presentation. BPC 157 medication considerably counteracted lidocaine-induced limb function failure; L-NAME was counteracted; L-arginine exhibited counteraction when given immediately after lidocaine, but prolongation was seen when given later. Given together, prophylactically or therapeutically, L-NAME and L-arginine (L-NAME + L-arginine) counteracted the other's response. BPC 157 maintained its original response when given together with L-NAME or L-arginine. When BPC 157 was given together with L-NAME and L-arginine, its original response reappeared. BPC 157 antagonised the lidocaine-induced bradycardia and eliminated tonic-clonic convulsions. Also, BPC 157 counteracted the lidocaine-induced depolarisation of HEK293 cells. Thus, BPC 157 has antidote activity in its own right against lidocaine and local anesthetics.
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17
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Ebrahimi-Ghiri M, Mohammadi-Mahdiabadi-Hasani MH, Nasehi M, Zarrindast MR. Better antidepressant efficacy of mecamylamine in combination with L-NAME than with L-arginine. Behav Brain Res 2020; 386:112604. [PMID: 32198105 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aff ;ective disorders, including anxiety and mood disorders, are a constellation of psychiatric diseases that aff ;ect over 10 % of the world's population. It has been proposed that drugs that change nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) activity can affect mood- and anxiety-related behaviors. Also, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) is closely associated with the pathophysiology of these disorders. To limit the potential adverse effects of alteration in cholinergic and nitric oxide (NO) systems, we investigated the combined efficacy of subthreshold doses of nAChR antagonist mecamylamine and NO ligands (L-arginine as agonist and l-NAME as an antagonist) on depression- and anxiety-related behaviors in male NMRI mice. Depression-related behaviors using the forced swim test (FST) and anxiety-like activity using the hole-board test were assessed. In our results, mecamylamine (3 mg/kg) showed antidepressant-like properties, and it also tended to have anxiolytic-like effects, though not significant. Concomitant treatment of subthreshold doses of mecamylamine (1 mg/kg) and l-arginine (25 mg/kg), l-NAME (1 mg/kg), or l-arginine/L-NAME were antidepressive. In contrast, l-arginine/L-NAME alone or in associated with mecamylamine showed anxiogenic-like efficacy. Isobolographic analysis exhibited an additive antidepressant effect of the combined subthreshold doses of mecamylamine and l-arginine, and a synergistic antidepressant effect of the combined subthreshold doses of mecamylamine and l-NAME. It should be noted that mecamylamine (3 mg/kg) elicited hypolocomotion. Our results suggest that mecamylamine produces a better antidepressant efficacy in combination with l-NAME than with l-arginine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohammad Nasehi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences, Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Neuroendocrinology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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18
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Sikiric P, Hahm KB, Blagaic AB, Tvrdeic A, Pavlov KH, Petrovic A, Kokot A, Gojkovic S, Krezic I, Drmic D, Rucman, R, Seiwerth S. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157, Robert's Stomach Cytoprotection/Adaptive Cytoprotection/Organoprotection, and Selye's Stress Coping Response: Progress, Achievements, and the Future. Gut Liver 2020; 14:153-167. [PMID: 31158953 PMCID: PMC7096228 DOI: 10.5009/gnl18490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We reviewed again the significance of the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as a likely mediator of Robert's stomach cytoprotection/adaptive cytoprotection and organoprotection and as novel mediator of Selye's stress coping response to reestablish homeostasis. Specific points of BPC 157 therapy and the original concept of Robert's cytoprotection/adaptive cytoprotection/organoprotection are discussed, including the beneficial effects of BPC 157. First, BPC 157 protects stomach cells and maintains gastric integrity against various noxious agents (Robert's killing cell by contact) and is continuously present in the gastric mucosa and gastric juice. Additionally, BPC 157 protects against the adverse effects of alcohol and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the gastric epithelium and other epithelia, that is, skin, liver, pancreas, heart (organoprotection), and brain, thereby suggesting its use in wound healing. Additionally, BPC 157 counteracts gastric endothelial injury that precedes and induces damage to the gastric epithelium and generalizes "gastric endothelial protection" to protection of the endothelium of other vessels (thrombosis, prolonged bleeding, and thrombocytopenia). BPC 157 also has an effect on blood vessels, resulting in vessel recruitment that circumvents vessel occlusion and the development of additional shunting and rapid bypass loops to rapidly reestablish the integrity of blood flow (ischemic/reperfusion colitis, duodenal lesions, cecal perforation, and inferior vena caval occlusion). Lastly, BPC 157 counteracts tumor cachexia, muscle wasting, and increases in pro-inflammatory/procachectic cytokines, such as interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, and significantly corrects deranged muscle proliferation and myogenesis through changes in the expression of FoxO3a, p-AKT, p-mTOR, and p-GSK-3β (mitigating cancer cachexia).
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Affiliation(s)
- Predrag Sikiric
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ki-Baik Hahm
- Digestive Disease Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Alenka Boban Blagaic
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ante Tvrdeic
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Andrea Petrovic
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonio Kokot
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Slaven Gojkovic
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Krezic
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Drmic
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Rudolf Rucman,
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Sucic M, Luetic K, Jandric I, Drmic D, Sever AZ, Vuletic LB, Halle ZB, Strinic D, Kokot A, Seiwerth RS, Zoricic I, Blagaic AB, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. Therapy of the rat hemorrhagic cystitis induced by cyclophosphamide. Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157, L-arginine, L-NAME. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 861:172593. [PMID: 31401154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We focused on the cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis (100 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally throughout three days) as a particular NO-system disturbance, and therapy possibilities. We demonstrated that it may be attenuated by subsequent administration of the NOS substrate L-arginine (100 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally), aggravated by NOS-blocker L-NAME (5 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally), all influenced by the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 (10 μg/kg/day, 10 ng/kg/day, intraperitoneally or perorally, in drinking water). Regularly, cyclophosphamide dose- and time-dependently induced severe hemorrhagic cystitis lesions, gross lesions, and corresponding urothelial necrosis, vesical edema, erosion, hemorrhage, inflammation, and ulceration, microscopically. The bladder wet weight dramatically increased. Functionally, already after first cyclophosphamide administration, there is an increased leak point pressure. Until the second cyclophosphamide administration, L-arginine consistently attenuated regular cyclophosphamide-induced severe hemorrhagic cystitis lesions, grossly and microscopically, but not functionally. L-NAME aggravated these lesions and eradicated beneficial effect of L-arginine when combined. BPC 157 administration after cyclophosphamide, given in either dose or in either regimen markedly attenuated all cyclophosphamide lesions, grossly, microscopically. The increase of the bladder wet weight was consistently attenuated. Functionally, increased leak point pressure was reversed to the values noted in normal rats. The similar findings were noted in rats that received BPC 157 together with L-NAME or L-arginine, given alone or combined. Thus, the lesions are NO-related based on the administration of L-NAME as well as administration of L-arginine, and their mutual interaction, and counteraction by BPC 157 application. Likewise, we reveal new therapeutic possibilities, emphasizing stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and L-arginine, versus L-NAME in rats underwent cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Sucic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, POB 916, Salata 11, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kresimir Luetic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, POB 916, Salata 11, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Jandric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, POB 916, Salata 11, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Drmic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, POB 916, Salata 11, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anita Zenko Sever
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 10, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lovorka Batelja Vuletic
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 10, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zeljka Belosic Halle
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, POB 916, Salata 11, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dean Strinic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, POB 916, Salata 11, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonio Kokot
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, J.Huttlera 4, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ranka Serventi Seiwerth
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, POB 916, Salata 11, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Zoricic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, POB 916, Salata 11, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alenka Boban Blagaic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, POB 916, Salata 11, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 10, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Predrag Sikiric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, POB 916, Salata 11, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Redfern WS, Dymond A, Strang I, Storey S, Grant C, Marks L, Barnard C, Heys C, Moyser K, Greenwood K, Cobey D, Moore N, Karp NA, Prior H. The functional observational battery and modified Irwin test as global neurobehavioral assessments in the rat: Pharmacological validation data and a comparison of methods. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2019; 98:106591. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2019.106591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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21
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Drmic D, Samara M, Vidovic T, Malekinusic D, Antunovic M, Vrdoljak B, Ruzman J, Milkovic Perisa M, Horvat Pavlov K, Jeyakumar J, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. Counteraction of perforated cecum lesions in rats: Effects of pentadecapeptide BPC 157, L-NAME and L-arginine. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:5462-5476. [PMID: 30622376 PMCID: PMC6319139 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i48.5462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the counteraction of perforated cecum lesion using BPC 157 and nitric oxide (NO) system agents.
METHODS Alongside with the agents’ application (after 1 min, medication (/kg, 10 mL/2 min bath/rat) includes: BPC 157 (10 μg), L-NAME (5 mg), L-arginine (100mg) alone or combined, and saline baths (controls)) on the rat perforate cecum injury, we continuously assessed the gross reappearance of the vessels (USB microcamera) quickly propagating toward the defect at the cecum surface, defect contraction, bleeding attenuation, MDA- and NO-levels in cecum tissue at 15 min, and severity of cecum lesions and adhesions at 1 and 7 d.
RESULTS Post-injury, during/after a saline bath, the number of vessels was significantly reduced, the defect was slightly narrowed, bleeding was significant and MDA-levels increased and NO-levels decreased. BPC 157 bath: the vessel presentation was markedly increased, the defect was noticeably narrowed, the bleeding time was shortened and MDA- and NO-levels remained normal. L-NAME: reduced vessel presentation but not more than the control, did not change defect and shortened bleeding. L-arginine: exhibited less vessel reduction, did not change the defect and prolonged bleeding. In combination, mutual counteraction occurred (L-NAME + L-arginine) or the presentation was similar to that of BPC 157 rats (BPC 157 + L-NAME; BPC 157 + L-arginine; BPC 157 + L-NAME + L-arginine), except the defect did not change. Thereby at day 1 and 7, saline, L-NAME, L-arginine and L-NAME + L-arginine failed (defect was still open and large adhesions present).
CONCLUSION The therapeutic effect was achieved with BPC 157 alone or in combination with L-NAME and L-arginine as it was able to consolidate the stimulating and inhibiting effects of the NO-system towards more effective healing recruiting vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domagoj Drmic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Mariam Samara
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Tinka Vidovic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Dominik Malekinusic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Marko Antunovic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Borna Vrdoljak
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Jelena Ruzman
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Marija Milkovic Perisa
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Katarina Horvat Pavlov
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Jerusha Jeyakumar
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Predrag Sikiric
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
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22
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Duzel A, Vlainic J, Antunovic M, Malekinusic D, Vrdoljak B, Samara M, Gojkovic S, Krezic I, Vidovic T, Bilic Z, Knezevic M, Sever M, Lojo N, Kokot A, Kolovrat M, Drmic D, Vukojevic J, Kralj T, Kasnik K, Siroglavic M, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in the treatment of colitis and ischemia and reperfusion in rats: New insights. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:8465-8488. [PMID: 29358856 PMCID: PMC5752708 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i48.8465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To provide new insights in treatment of colitis and ischemia and reperfusion in rats using stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157.
METHODS Medication [BPC 157, L-NAME, L-arginine (alone/combined), saline] was bath at the blood deprived colon segment. During reperfusion, medication was BPC 157 or saline. We recorded (USB microscope camera) vessel presentation through next 15 min of ischemic colitis (IC-rats) or reperfusion (removed ligations) (IC + RL-rats); oxidative stress as MDA (increased (IC- and IC + RL-rats)) and NO levels (decreased (IC-rats); increased (IC + RL-rats)) in colon tissue. IC + OB-rats [IC-rats had additional colon obstruction (OB)] for 3 d (IC + OB-rats), then received BPC 157 bath.
RESULTS Commonly, in colon segment (25 mm, 2 ligations on left colic artery and vein, 3 arcade vessels within ligated segment), in IC-, IC + RL-, IC + OB-rats, BPC 157 (10 μg/kg) bath (1 mL/rat) increased vessel presentation, inside/outside arcade interconnections quickly reappeared, mucosal folds were preserved and the pale areas were small and markedly reduced. BPC 157 counteracted worsening effects induced by L-NAME (5 mg) and L-arginine (100 mg). MDA- and NO-levels were normal in BPC 157 treated IC-rats and IC + RL-rats. In addition, on day 10, BPC 157-treated IC + OB-rats presented almost completely spared mucosa with very small pale areas and no gross mucosal defects; the treated colon segment was of normal diameter, and only small adhesions were present.
CONCLUSION BPC 157 is a fundamental treatment that quickly restores blood supply to the ischemically injured area and rapidly activates collaterals. This effect involves the NO system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonija Duzel
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Josipa Vlainic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Marko Antunovic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Dominik Malekinusic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Borna Vrdoljak
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Mariam Samara
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Slaven Gojkovic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Ivan Krezic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Tinka Vidovic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Zdenko Bilic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Mario Knezevic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Marko Sever
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Nermin Lojo
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Antonio Kokot
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Marijan Kolovrat
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Drmic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Jaksa Vukojevic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Tamara Kralj
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Katarina Kasnik
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Marko Siroglavic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Predrag Sikiric
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
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23
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Belosic Halle Z, Vlainic J, Drmic D, Strinic D, Luetic K, Sucic M, Medvidovic-Grubisic M, Pavelic Turudic T, Petrovic I, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. Class side effects: decreased pressure in the lower oesophageal and the pyloric sphincters after the administration of dopamine antagonists, neuroleptics, anti-emetics, L-NAME, pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and L-arginine. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 25:10.1007/s10787-017-0358-8. [PMID: 28516373 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0358-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ulcerogenic potential of dopamine antagonists and L-NAME in rats provides unresolved issues of anti-emetic neuroleptic application in both patients and experimental studies. Therefore, in a 1-week study, we examined the pressures within the lower oesophageal and the pyloric sphincters in rats [assessed manometrically (cm H2O)] after dopamine neuroleptics/prokinetics, L-NAME, L-arginine and stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 were administered alone and/or in combination. Medication (/kg) was given once daily intraperitoneally throughout the 7 days, with the last dose at 24 h before pressure assessment. Given as individual agents to healthy rats, all dopamine antagonists (central [haloperidol (6.25 mg, 16 mg, 25 mg), fluphenazine (5 mg), levomepromazine (50 mg), chlorpromazine (10 mg), quetiapine (10 mg), olanzapine (5 mg), clozapine (100 mg), sulpiride (160 mg), metoclopramide (25 mg)) and peripheral(domperidone (10 mg)], L-NAME (5 mg) and L-arginine (100 mg) decreased the pressure within both sphincters. As a common effect, this decreased pressure was rescued, dose-dependently, by BPC 157 (10 µg, 10 ng) (also note that L-arginine and L-NAME given together antagonized each other's responses). With haloperidol, L-NAME worsened both the lower oesophageal and the pyloric sphincter pressure, while L-arginine ameliorated lower oesophageal sphincter but not pyloric sphincter pressure, and antagonized L-NAME effect. With domperidone, L-arginine originally had no effect, while L-NAME worsened pyloric sphincter pressure. This effect was opposed by L-arginine. All these effects were further reversed towards a stronger beneficial effect, close to normal pressure values, by the addition of BPC 157. In addition, NO level was determined in plasma, sphincters and brain tissue. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were also assessed. Haloperidol increased NO levels (in both sphincters, the plasma and brain), consistently producing increased TBARS levels in the plasma, sphincters and brain tissues. These effects were all counteracted by BPC 157 administration. In conclusion, we revealed that BPC 157 counteracts the anti-emetic neuroleptic class side effect of decreased pressure in sphincters and the dopamine/NO-system/BPC 157 relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeljka Belosic Halle
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Josipa Vlainic
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Drmic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dean Strinic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Kresimir Luetic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mario Sucic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Maria Medvidovic-Grubisic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tatjana Pavelic Turudic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Igor Petrovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 10, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Predrag Sikiric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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24
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Cyclophosphamide induced stomach and duodenal lesions as a NO-system disturbance in rats: L-NAME, L-arginine, stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 25:255-264. [PMID: 28255738 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0330-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We revealed a new point with cyclophosphamide (150 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally for 7 days): we counteracted both rat stomach and duodenal ulcers and increased NO- and MDA-levels in these tissues. As a NO-system effect, BPC 157 therapy (10 µg/kg, 10 ng/kg, intraperitoneally once a day or in drinking water, till the sacrifice) attenuated the increased NO- and MDA-levels and nullified, in rats, severe cyclophosphamide-ulcers and even stronger stomach and duodenal lesions after cyclophosphamide + L-NAME (5 mg/kg intraperitoneally once a day). L-arginine (100 mg/kg intraperitoneally once a day not effective alone) led L-NAME-values only to the control values (cyclophosphamide + L-NAME + L-arginine-rats). Briefly, rats were sacrificed at 24 h after last administration on days 1, 2, 3, or 7, and assessment included sum of longest lesions diameters (mm) in the stomach and duodenum, oxidative stress by quantifying thiobarbituric acid reactivity as malondialdehyde equivalents (MDA), NO in stomach and duodenal tissue samples using the Griess reaction. All these parameters were highly exaggerated in rats who underwent cyclophosphamide treatment. We identified high MDA-tissue values, high NO-tissue values, ulcerogenic and beneficial potential in cyclophosphamide-L-NAME-L-arginine-BPC 157 relationships. This suggests that in cyclophosphamide damaged rats, NO excessive release generated by the inducible isozyme, damages the vascular wall and other tissue cells, especially in combination with reactive oxygen intermediates, while failing endothelial production and resulting in further aggravation by L-NAME which was inhibited by L-arginine. Finally, BPC 157, due to its special relations with NO-system, may both lessen increased MDA- and NO-tissues values and counteract effects of both cyclophosphamide and L-NAME on stomach and duodenal lesions.
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Medvidovic-Grubisic M, Stambolija V, Kolenc D, Katancic J, Murselovic T, Plestina-Borjan I, Strbe S, Drmic D, Barisic I, Sindic A, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. Hypermagnesemia disturbances in rats, NO-related: pentadecapeptide BPC 157 abrogates, L-NAME and L-arginine worsen. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 25:439-449. [PMID: 28210905 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0323-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157, administered before a high-dose magnesium injection in rats, might be a useful peptide therapy against magnesium toxicity and the magnesium-induced effect on cell depolarization. Moreover, this might be an NO-system-related effect. Previously, BPC 157 counteracts paralysis, arrhythmias and hyperkalaemia, extreme muscle weakness; parasympathetic and neuromuscular blockade; injured muscle healing and interacts with the NOS-blocker and NOS-substrate effects. MAIN METHODS Assessment included magnesium sulfate (560 mg/kg intraperitoneally)-induced muscle weakness, muscle and brain lesions, hypermagnesemia, hyperkalaemia, increased serum enzyme values assessed in rats during and at the end of a 30-min period and medication (given intraperitoneally/kg at 15 min before magnesium) [BPC 157 (10 µg, 10 ng), L-NAME (5 mg), L-arginine (100 mg), alone and/or together]. In HEK293 cells, the increasing magnesium concentration from 1 to 5 mM could depolarize the cells at 1.75 ± 0.44 mV. KEY FINDINGS L-NAME + magnesium-rats and L-arginine + magnesium-rats exhibited worsened severe muscle weakness and lesions, brain lesions, hypermagnesemia and serum enzymes values, with emerging hyperkalaemia. However, L-NAME + L-arginine + magnesium-rats exhibited all control values and normokalaemia. BPC 157 abrogated hypermagnesemia and counteracted all of the magnesium-induced disturbances (including those aggravated by L-NAME or L-arginine). Thus, cell depolarization due to increasing magnesium concentration was inhibited in the presence of BPC 157 (1 µM) in vitro. SIGNIFICANCE BPC 157 likely counteracts the initial event leading to hypermagnesemia and the life-threatening actions after a magnesium overdose. In contrast, a worsened clinical course, higher hypermagnesemia, and emerging hyperkalaemia might cause both L-NAME and L-arginine to affect the same events adversely. These events were also opposed by BPC 157.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Medvidovic-Grubisic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vasilije Stambolija
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danijela Kolenc
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jadranka Katancic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tamara Murselovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivna Plestina-Borjan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Strbe
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Drmic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Barisic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Aleksandra Sindic
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Predrag Sikiric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 11, P.O. Box 916, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Djakovic Z, Djakovic I, Cesarec V, Madzarac G, Becejac T, Zukanovic G, Drmic D, Batelja L, Zenko Sever A, Kolenc D, Pajtak A, Knez N, Japjec M, Luetic K, Stancic-Rokotov D, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. Esophagogastric anastomosis in rats: Improved healing by BPC 157 and L-arginine, aggravated by L-NAME. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:9127-9140. [PMID: 27895400 PMCID: PMC5107594 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i41.9127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To cure typically life-threatening esophagogastric anastomosis in rats, lacking anastomosis healing and sphincter function rescue, in particular.
METHODS Because we assume esophagogastric fistulas represent a particular NO-system disability, we attempt to identify the benefits of anti-ulcer stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157, which was in trials for ulcerative colitis and currently for multiple sclerosis, in rats with esophagocutaneous fistulas. Previously, BPC 157 therapies have promoted the healing of intestinal anastomosis and fistulas, and esophagitis and gastric lesions, along with rescued sphincter function. Additionally, BPC 157 particularly interacts with the NO-system. In the 4 d after esophagogastric anastomosis creation, rats received medication (/kg intraperitoneally once daily: BPC 157 (10 μg, 10 ng), L-NAME (5 mg), or L-arginine (100 mg) alone and/or combined or BPC 157 (10 μg, 10 ng) in drinking water). For rats underwent esophagogastric anastomosis, daily assessment included progressive stomach damage (sum of the longest diameters, mm), esophagitis (scored 0-5), weak anastomosis (mL H2O before leak), low pressure in esophagus at anastomosis and in the pyloric sphincter (cm H2O), progressive weight loss (g) and mortality. Immediate effect assessed blood vessels disappearance (scored 0-5) at the stomach surface immediately after anastomosis creation.
RESULTS BPC 157 (all regimens) fully counteracted the perilous disease course from the very beginning (i.e., with the BPC 157 bath, blood vessels remained present at the gastric surface after anastomosis creation) and eliminated mortality. Additionally, BPC 157 treatment in combination with L-NAME nullified any effect of L-NAME that otherwise intensified the regular course. Consistently, with worsening (with L-NAME administration) and amelioration (with L-arginine), either L-arginine amelioration prevails (attenuated esophageal and gastric lesions) or they counteract each other (L-NAME + L-arginine); with the addition of BPC 157 (L-NAME + L-arginine + BPC 157), there was a marked beneficial effect. BPC 157 treatment for esophagogastric anastomosis, along with NOS-blocker L-NAME and/or NOS substrate L-arginine, demonstrated an innate NO-system disability (as observed with L-arginine effectiveness). BPC 157 distinctively affected corresponding events: worsening (obtained with L-NAME administration that was counteracted); or amelioration (L-arginine + BPC 157-rats correspond to BPC 157-rats).
CONCLUSION Innate NO-system disability for esophagogastric anastomoses, including L-NAME-worsening, suggests that these effects could be corrected by L-arginine and almost completely eliminated by BPC 157 therapy.
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Stambolija V, Stambolija TP, Holjevac JK, Murselovic T, Radonic J, Duzel V, Duplancic B, Uzun S, Zivanovic-Posilovic G, Kolenc D, Drmic D, Romic Z, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. BPC 157: The counteraction of succinylcholine, hyperkalemia, and arrhythmias. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 781:83-91. [PMID: 27060013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
After the demonstration of its life-saving effect in severe hyperkalemia and the recovery of skeletal muscle after injury, pentadecapeptide BPC 157 has been shown to attenuate the local paralytic effect induced by succinylcholine, in addition to systemic muscle disability (and consequent muscle damage). Hyperkalemia, arrhythmias and a rise in serum enzyme values, were counteracted in rats. Assessments were made at 3 and 30min and 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after succinylcholine administration (1.0mg/kg into the right anterior tibial muscle). BPC 157 (10µg/kg, 10ng/kg) (given intraperitoneally 30min before or immediately after succinylcholine or per-orally in drinking water through 24h until succinylcholine administration) mitigated both local and systemic disturbances. BPC 157 completely eliminated hyperkalemia and arrhythmias, markedly attenuated or erradicated behavioral agitation, muscle twitches, motionless resting and completely eliminated post-succinylcholine hyperalgesia. BPC 157 immediately eliminated leg contractures and counteracted both edema and the decrease in muscle fibers in the diaphragm and injected/non-injected anterior tibial muscles. Therefore, the depolarizing neuromuscular blocker effects of succinylcholine were successfully antagonized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilije Stambolija
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Tamara Murselovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Radonic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Viktor Duzel
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Bozidar Duplancic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sandra Uzun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Danijela Kolenc
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Drmic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zeljko Romic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Predrag Sikiric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
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