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Sato D, Nakamura T, Amarume J, Yano M, Umehara Y, Nishina A, Tsutsumi K, Feng Z, Kusunoki M. Effects of dapagliflozin on adipose and liver fatty acid composition and mRNA expression involved in lipid metabolism in high-fat-fed rats. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2022; 22:944-953. [PMID: 35255800 DOI: 10.2174/1871530322666220307153618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SGLT2 inhibitor enhances not only glucose excretion but also fatty acid utilization. Those facts suggest that SGLT2 inhibitor affects fat accumulation and lipid storage. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we evaluated the effects of dapagliflozin on fatty acid composition and gene expression involved in fatty acid metabolism in rat adipose and liver tissues. METHODS We administered 1 mg/kg/day dapagliflozin for 7 weeks to male high-fat-fed rats (DAPA group), and then weights and 22 fatty acid contents in the epididymal (EPI), mesenteric (MES), retroperitoneal (RET) and subcutaneous (SUB) adipose tissues, and the liver were compared with vehicle-administered control group. RESULTS In the EPI, RET, and SUB in the DAPA group, contents of several fatty acids were lower (P<0.05) than those in the control group while no significant difference was detected in tissue weight. In the MES, not only tissue weight but also wide variety of fatty acid contents including saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids were lower (P<0.05). As for the liver tissue, no significant difference was observed in fatty acid contents between the groups. mRNA expression of Srebp1c in EPI was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the DAPA group than in the control group, while Scd1 expression in the liver was lower (P<0.01). CONCLUSION These results suggest that dapagliflozin might suppress lipid accumulation especially in the MES, and could reduce contents of fatty acids not in the liver but in adipose tissues in high-fat-fed rats. In addition, dapagliflozin could influence mRNA expression involved in lipogenesis in the EPI and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sato
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University (4-3-16 Johnan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan)
| | - Takao Nakamura
- Department of Biomedical Information Engineering, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University (2-2-2 Iida-nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan)
| | - Jota Amarume
- Department of Bio-Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University (4-3-16 Johnan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan)
| | - Mizuna Yano
- Department of Bio-Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University (4-3-16 Johnan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan)
| | - Yuta Umehara
- Department of Bio-Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University (4-3-16 Johnan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan)
| | - Atsuyoshi Nishina
- Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University (1-8-14 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, 101-8308, Japan)
| | - Kazuhiko Tsutsumi
- Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research (2-2-2 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8470, Japan)
| | - Zhonggang Feng
- Department of Bio-Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University (4-3-16 Johnan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan)
| | - Masataka Kusunoki
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University (Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan)
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Sato D, Nakamura T, Amarume J, Yano M, Nishina A, Feng Z, Kusunoki M. Effects of dapagliflozin on peripheral sympathetic nerve activity in standard chow- and high-fat-fed rats after a glucose load. J Pharmacol Sci 2022; 148:86-92. [PMID: 34924134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To clarify the effects of long-term administration of SGLT2 inhibitor, a hypoglycemic agent, on basal sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and on SNA under development of insulin resistance, we measured peripheral SNA in response to a glucose load in standard chow- (SCF) and high-fat-fed (HFF) rats treated with or without dapagliflozin for 7 weeks. We conducted an intravenous glucose administration (IVGA), and evaluated SNA microneurographically recorded in the unilateral sciatic nerve. Dapagliflozin did not affect the steady state action potential (AP) rate just before the IVGA (baseline) in both the SCF and HFF rats. After the IVGA, in the SCF rats, the AP rate in dapagliflozin-treated group transiently decreased within 20 min after the IVGA, and was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than non-treated group for 60 min. In the HFF rats, no significant difference was seen in the AP rate between dapagliflozin-treated and non-treated groups. The rate in the dapagliflozin-treated group after the IVGA was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than the baseline whereas such difference was not found in the non-treated group. In conclusion, dapagliflozin attenuate SNA in response to glucose load, and that the SNA response is different between standard chow-fed- and high-fat-fed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sato
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Johnan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan.
| | - Takao Nakamura
- Department of Biomedical Information Engineering, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Jota Amarume
- Department of Bio-Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Johnan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan
| | - Mizuna Yano
- Department of Bio-Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Johnan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan
| | - Atsuyoshi Nishina
- Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8-14 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, 101-8308, Japan
| | - Zhonggang Feng
- Department of Bio-Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Johnan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan
| | - Masataka Kusunoki
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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AGMO Inhibitor Reduces 3T3-L1 Adipogenesis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051081. [PMID: 34062826 PMCID: PMC8147360 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkylglycerol monooxygenase (AGMO) is a tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4)-dependent enzyme with major expression in the liver and white adipose tissue that cleaves alkyl ether glycerolipids. The present study describes the disclosure and biological characterization of a candidate compound (Cp6), which inhibits AGMO with an IC50 of 30–100 µM and 5–20-fold preference of AGMO relative to other BH4-dependent enzymes, i.e., phenylalanine-hydroxylase and nitric oxide synthase. The viability and metabolic activity of mouse 3T3-L1 fibroblasts, HepG2 human hepatocytes and mouse RAW264.7 macrophages were not affected up to 10-fold of the IC50. However, Cp6 reversibly inhibited the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells towards adipocytes, in which AGMO expression was upregulated upon differentiation. Cp6 reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets in adipocytes upon differentiation and in HepG2 cells exposed to free fatty acids. Cp6 also inhibited IL-4-driven differentiation of RAW264.7 macrophages towards M2-like macrophages, which serve as adipocyte progenitors in adipose tissue. Collectively, the data suggest that pharmacologic AGMO inhibition may affect lipid storage.
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Identification of strong candidate genes for backfat and intramuscular fatty acid composition in three crosses based on the Iberian pig. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13962. [PMID: 32811870 PMCID: PMC7435270 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70894-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Meat quality has an important genetic component and can be modified by the fatty acid (FA) composition and the amount of fat contained in adipose tissue and muscle. The present study aimed to find genomic regions associated with the FA composition in backfat and muscle (longissimus dorsi) in 439 pigs with three different genetic backgrounds but having the Iberian breed in common. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were performed between 38,424 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering the pig genome and 60 phenotypic traits related to backfat and muscle FA composition. Nine significant associated regions were found in backfat on the Sus scrofa chromosomes (SSC): SSC1, SSC2, SSC4, SSC6, SSC8, SSC10, SSC12, and SSC16. For the intramuscular fat, six significant associated regions were identified on SSC4, SSC13, SSC14, and SSC17. A total of 52 candidate genes were proposed to explain the variation in backfat and muscle FA composition traits. GWAS were also reanalysed including SNPs on five candidate genes (ELOVL6, ELOVL7, FADS2, FASN, and SCD). Regions and molecular markers described in our study may be useful for meat quality selection of commercial pig breeds, although several polymorphisms were breed-specific, and further analysis would be needed to evaluate possible causal mutations.
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Jönsson TJ, Schäfer HL, Herling AW, Brönstrup M. A metabolome-wide characterization of the diabetic phenotype in ZDF rats and its reversal by pioglitazone. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207210. [PMID: 30481177 PMCID: PMC6258476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex metabolic disease associated with alterations in glucose, lipid and protein metabolism. In order to characterize the biochemical phenotype of the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat, the most common animal model for the study of T2D, and the impact of the insulin sensitizer pioglitazone, a global, mass spectrometry-based analysis of the metabolome was conducted. Overall, 420 metabolites in serum, 443 in the liver and 603 in the intestine were identified at study end. In comparison to two control groups, obese diabetic ZDF rats showed characteristic metabolic signatures that included hyperglycemia, elevated β-oxidation, dyslipidemia—featured by an increase in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and a decrease of medium chain and of polyunsaturated fatty acids in serum–and decreased amino acid levels, consistent with their utilization in hepatic gluconeogenesis. A 13-week treatment with the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone reversed most of these signatures: Pioglitazone improved glycemic control and the fatty acid profile, elevated amino acid levels in the liver, but decreased branched chain amino acids in serum. The hitherto most comprehensive metabolic profiling study identified a biochemical blueprint for the ZDF diabetic model and captured the impact of genetic, nutritional and pharmacological perturbations. The in-depth characterization on the molecular level deepens the understanding and further validates the ZDF rat as a suitable preclinical model of diabetes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mark Brönstrup
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Jin CL, Gao CQ, Wang Q, Zhang ZM, Xu YL, Li HC, Yan HC, Wang XQ. Effects of pioglitazone hydrochloride and vitamin E on meat quality, antioxidant status and fatty acid profiles in finishing pigs. Meat Sci 2018; 145:340-346. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Hamza AA, Fikry EM, Abdallah W, Amin A. Mechanistic insights into the augmented effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and thiazolidinediones in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9827. [PMID: 29959408 PMCID: PMC6026169 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28029-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to assess whether the protective effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) against diabetes could be enhanced by pioglitazone (PIO), a PPARγ agonist. Combined MSCs and PIO treatments markedly improved fasting blood glucose, body weight, lipid profile levels, insulin level, insulin resistance, β cell function. Those protective effects also attenuated both pancreatic lesions and fibrosis in diabetic rats and decreased the depletion of pancreatic mediators of glycemic and lipid metabolism including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), PGC-1α, GLP-1 and IRS-2. Cardiac biogenesis of diabetic groups was also improved with MSCs and/or PIO treatments as reflected by the enhanced up-regulation of the expressions of cardiac IRS1, Glucose transporter 4, PGC-1, PPARα and CPT-1 genes and the down-regulated expression of lipogenic gene SREBP. The combination of MSCs and PIO also potentiated the decrease of abnormal myocardial pathological lesions in diabetic rats. Similarly, the inhibitory effects of MSCs on diabetic cardiac fibrosis and on the up regulations of TGF-β, collagen I and III gene expressions were partial but additive when combined with PIO. Therefore, combined therapy with PIO and BMCs transplantation could further potentiate the protective benefit of MSCs against diabetes and cardiac damage compared to MSCs monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaaeldin Ahmed Hamza
- Hormone Evaluation Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt.
| | | | | | - Amr Amin
- Biology Department, College of Science, UAE University, Al-Ain, UAE.
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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Wollina U, Goldman A, Tchernev G. Fillers and Facial Fat Pads. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2017; 5:403-408. [PMID: 28785319 PMCID: PMC5535644 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2017.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fillers are used for facial sculpturing and anti-ageing treatments with increasing popularity. The optimal outcome of any filler treatment depends upon different factors: exact indication, known limitations, filler product, and filler placement. For volumizing effect and longevity of procedures, however, the interaction of fillers and facial fat pads seems to be crucial. Here, we will review the optimum filler injections for facial applications in relationship to new data and concepts concerning facial fat pads anatomy and physiology. Such a view will us enable to provide optimum results in aesthetic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Wollina
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Academic Teaching Hospital Dresden-Friedrichstadt, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Georgi Tchernev
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical Institute of Ministry of Interior, and Onkoderma Policlinic for Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Sofia, Bulgaria
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