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Patel R, Yadav BK, Patel G. Progresses in Nano-Enabled Platforms for the Treatment of Vaginal Disorders. RECENT PATENTS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 17:208-227. [PMID: 35762539 DOI: 10.2174/1872210516666220628150447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most common vaginal disorders are within the uterus. According to the latest statistics, vaginal disorders occur in 50% to 60% of females. Although curative treatments rely on surgical therapy, still first-line treatment is a non invasive drug. Conventional therapies are available in the oral and parenteral route, leading to nonspecific targeting, which can cause dose-related side effects. Vaginal disorders are localized uterine disorders in which intrauterine delivery via the vaginal site is deemed the preferable route to mitigate clinical drug delivery limitations. OBJECTIVE This study emphasizes the progress of site-specific and controlled delivery of therapeutics in the treatment of vaginal disorders and systemic adverse effects as well as the therapeutic efficacy. METHODS Related research reports and patents associated with topics are collected, utilized, and summarized the key findings. RESULTS The comprehensive literature study and patents like (US 9393216 B2), (JP6672370B2), and (WO2018041268A1) indicated that nanocarriers are effective above traditional treatments and have some significant efficacy with novelty. CONCLUSION Nowadays, site-specific and controlled delivery of therapeutics for the treatment of vaginal disorders is essential to prevent systemic adverse effects and therapeutic efficacy would be more effective. Nanocarriers have therefore been used to bypass the problems associated with traditional delivery systems for the vaginal disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Gujarat 388421, India
| | - Bindu Kumari Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Gujarat 388421, India
| | - Gayatri Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Gujarat 388421, India
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de la Mata FJ, Gómez R, Cano J, Sánchez‐Nieves J, Ortega P, Gallego SG. Carbosilane dendritic nanostructures, highly versatile platforms for pharmaceutical applications. WIRES NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 15:e1871. [PMID: 36417901 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dendrimers are multifunctional molecules with well-defined size and structure due to the step-by-step synthetic procedures required in their preparation. Dendritic constructs based on carbosilane scaffolds present carbon-carbon and carbon-silicon bonds, which results in stable, lipophilic, inert, and flexible structures. These properties are highly appreciated in different areas, including the pharmaceutical field, as they can increase the interaction with cell membranes and improve the therapeutic action. This article summarizes the most recent advances in the pharmaceutical applications of carbosilane dendritic molecules, from therapeutics to diagnostics and prevention tools. Dendrimers decorated with cationic, anionic, or other moieties, including metallodendrimers; supramolecular assemblies; dendronized nanoparticles and surfaces; as well as dendritic networks like hydrogels are described. The collected examples confirm the potential of carbosilane dendrimers and dendritic materials as antiviral or antibacterial agents; in therapy against cancer, neurodegenerative disease, or oxidative stress; or many other biomedical applications. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier de la Mata
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcala Alcalá de Henares Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS) Madrid Spain
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcala Alcalá de Henares Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS) Madrid Spain
| | - Jesús Cano
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcala Alcalá de Henares Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS) Madrid Spain
| | - Javier Sánchez‐Nieves
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcala Alcalá de Henares Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS) Madrid Spain
| | - Paula Ortega
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcala Alcalá de Henares Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS) Madrid Spain
| | - Sandra García Gallego
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcala Alcalá de Henares Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS) Madrid Spain
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Rodríguez-Izquierdo I, Sepúlveda-Crespo D, Lasso JM, Resino S, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ. Baseline and time-updated factors in preclinical development of anionic dendrimers as successful anti-HIV-1 vaginal microbicides. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 14:e1774. [PMID: 35018739 PMCID: PMC9285063 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although a wide variety of topical microbicides provide promising in vitro and in vivo efficacy, most of them failed to prevent sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) in human clinical trials. In vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models must be optimized, considering the knowledge acquired from unsuccessful and successful clinical trials to improve the current gaps and the preclinical development protocols. To date, dendrimers are the only nanotool that has advanced to human clinical trials as topical microbicides to prevent HIV‐1 transmission. This fact demonstrates the importance and the potential of these molecules as microbicides. Polyanionic dendrimers are highly branched nanocompounds with potent activity against HIV‐1 that disturb HIV‐1 entry. Herein, the most significant advancements in topical microbicide development, trying to mimic the real‐life conditions as closely as possible, are discussed. This review also provides the preclinical assays that anionic dendrimers have passed as microbicides because they can improve current antiviral treatments' efficacy. This article is categorized under:Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Regulatory and Policy Issues in Nanomedicine
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Sepúlveda-Crespo
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Salvador Resino
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ma Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain.,Section of Immunology, Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), Madrid, Spain
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Novel Naturally Occurring Dipeptides and Single-Stranded Oligonucleotide Act as Entry Inhibitors and Exhibit a Strong Synergistic Anti-HIV-1 Profile. Infect Dis Ther 2022; 11:1103-1116. [PMID: 35391633 PMCID: PMC9124260 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-022-00626-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The availability of new classes of antiretroviral drugs is critical for treatment-experienced patients due to drug resistance to and unwanted side effects from current drugs. Our aim was therefore to evaluate the anti-HIV-1 activity of a new set of antivirals, dipeptides (WG-am or VQ-am) combined with a single-stranded oligonucleotide (ssON). The dipeptides were identified as naturally occurring and enriched in feces and systemic circulation in HIV-1-infected elite controllers and were proposed to act as entry inhibitors by binding to HIV-1 gp120. The ssON is DNA 35-mer, stabilized by phosphorothioate modifications, which acts on the endocytic step by binding to cell host receptors and inhibiting viruses through interference with binding to nucleolin. Methods Chou–Talalay’s Combination Index method for quantifying synergism was used to evaluate the drug combinations. Patient-derived chimeric viruses encoding the gp120 (env region) were produced by transient transfection and used to evaluate the antiviral profile of the combinations by drug susceptibility assays. Results We found that the combination WG-am:ssON or VQ-am:ssON had low combination index values, suggesting strong antiviral synergism. Of the two combinations, WG-am:ssON (1 mM:1 μM) had high efficacy against all prototype or patient-derived HIV-1 isolates tested, independent of subtype including the HIV-1-A6 sub-subtype. In addition, the antiviral effect was independent of co-receptor usage in patient-derived strains. Conclusion WG-am and ssON alone significantly inhibited HIV-1 replication regardless of viral subtype and co-receptor usage, and the combination WG-am:ssON (1 mM:1 μM) was even more effective due to synergism.
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Filipczak N, Yalamarty SSK, Li X, Parveen F, Torchilin V. Developments in Treatment Methodologies Using Dendrimers for Infectious Diseases. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 26:molecules26113304. [PMID: 34072765 PMCID: PMC8198206 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Dendrimers comprise a specific group of macromolecules, which combine structural properties of both single molecules and long expanded polymers. The three-dimensional form of dendrimers and the extensive possibilities for use of additional substrates for their construction creates a multivalent potential and a wide possibility for medical, diagnostic and environmental purposes. Depending on their composition and structure, dendrimers have been of interest in many fields of science, ranging from chemistry, biotechnology to biochemical applications. These compounds have found wide application from the production of catalysts for their use as antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral agents. Of particular interest are peptide dendrimers as a medium for transport of therapeutic substances: synthetic vaccines against parasites, bacteria and viruses, contrast agents used in MRI, antibodies and genetic material. This review focuses on the description of the current classes of dendrimers, the methodology for their synthesis and briefly drawbacks of their properties and their use as potential therapies against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Filipczak
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (N.F.); (S.S.K.Y.); (X.L.); (F.P.)
| | - Satya Siva Kishan Yalamarty
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (N.F.); (S.S.K.Y.); (X.L.); (F.P.)
| | - Xiang Li
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (N.F.); (S.S.K.Y.); (X.L.); (F.P.)
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Farzana Parveen
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (N.F.); (S.S.K.Y.); (X.L.); (F.P.)
- The Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Vladimir Torchilin
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (N.F.); (S.S.K.Y.); (X.L.); (F.P.)
- Department of Oncology, Radiotherapy and Plastic Surgery, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Royo-Rubio E, Rodríguez-Izquierdo I, Moreno-Domene M, Lozano-Cruz T, de la Mata FJ, Gómez R, Muñoz-Fernández MA, Jiménez JL. Promising PEGylated cationic dendrimers for delivery of miRNAs as a possible therapy against HIV-1 infection. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:158. [PMID: 34049570 PMCID: PMC8161934 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00899-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The appearance of resistance against new treatments and the fact that HIV-1 can infect various cell types and develop reservoirs and sanctuaries makes it necessary to develop new therapeutic approaches to overcome those failures. RESULTS Studies of cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, complexes formation, stability, resistance, release and particle size distribution confirmed that G2-SN15-PEG, G3-SN31-PEG, G2-SN15-PEG-FITC and G3-SN31-PEG-FITC dendrimers can form complexes with miRNAs being biocompatible, stable and conferring protection to these nucleic acids. Confocal microscopy and flow cytometry showed effective delivery of these four dendrimers into the target cells, confirming their applicability as delivery systems. Dendriplexes formed with the dendrimers and miRNAs significantly inhibited HIV-1 infection in PBMCs. CONCLUSIONS These dendrimers are efficient delivery systems for miRNAs and they specifically and significantly improved the anti-R5-HIV-1 activity of these RNA molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Royo-Rubio
- Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Spanish HIV HGM BioBanco, Madrid, Spain
- Plataforma de Laboratorio (Inmunología), HGUGM, IiSGM, Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Rodríguez-Izquierdo
- Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Spanish HIV HGM BioBanco, Madrid, Spain
- Plataforma de Laboratorio (Inmunología), HGUGM, IiSGM, Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Moreno-Domene
- Laboratorio Dosimetría Biológica, HGUGM, IiSGM, Madrid, Spain
| | - T Lozano-Cruz
- Departmento Química Orgánica Y Química Inorgánica E Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río″ (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá (IRYCIS), Campus Universitario, 28871, Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center On Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
| | - F J de la Mata
- Departmento Química Orgánica Y Química Inorgánica E Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río″ (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá (IRYCIS), Campus Universitario, 28871, Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center On Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Gómez
- Departmento Química Orgánica Y Química Inorgánica E Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río″ (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá (IRYCIS), Campus Universitario, 28871, Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center On Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
| | - M A Muñoz-Fernández
- Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Spanish HIV HGM BioBanco, Madrid, Spain.
| | - J L Jiménez
- Plataforma de Laboratorio (Inmunología), HGUGM, IiSGM, Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain.
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Guerrero-Beltrán C, Garcia-Heredia I, Ceña-Diez R, Rodriguez-Izquierdo I, Serramía MJ, Martinez-Hernandez F, Lluesma-Gomez M, Martinez-Garcia M, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ. Cationic Dendrimer G2-S16 Inhibits Herpes Simplex Type 2 Infection and Protects Mice Vaginal Microbiome. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12060515. [PMID: 32512836 PMCID: PMC7356682 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The G2-S16 polyanionic carbosilane dendrimer is a promising microbicide that inhibits HSV-2 infection in vitro and in vivo in mice models. This G2-S16 dendrimer inhibits HSV-2 infection even in the presence of semen. Murine models, such as BALB/c female mice, are generally used to characterize host-pathogen interactions within the vaginal tract. However, the composition of endogenous vaginal flora remains largely undefined with modern microbiome analyses. It is important to note that the G2-S16 dendrimer does not change healthy mouse vaginal microbiome where Pseudomonas (10.2–79.1%) and Janthinobacterium (0.7–13%) are the more abundant genera. The HSV-2 vaginally infected female mice showed a significant microbiome alteration because an increase of Staphylococcus (up to 98.8%) and Escherichia (30.76%) levels were observed becoming these bacteria the predominant genera. BALB/c female mice vaginally-treated with the G2-S16 dendrimer and infected with the HSV-2 maintained a healthy vaginal microbiome similar to uninfected female mice. Summarizing, the G2-S16 polyanionic carbosilane dendrimer inhibits the HSV-2 infection in the presence of semen and prevents the alteration of mice female vaginal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Guerrero-Beltrán
- Immunology Section, Head Inmuno-Biology Molecular Laboratoy, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, C/Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.-B.); (R.C.-D.); (I.R.-I.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Inmaculada Garcia-Heredia
- Department of Physiology, Genetics, and Microbiology, University of Alicante, C/San Vicente s/n, 03080 Alicante, Spain; (I.G.-H.); (F.M.-H.); (M.L.-G.)
| | - Rafael Ceña-Diez
- Immunology Section, Head Inmuno-Biology Molecular Laboratoy, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, C/Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.-B.); (R.C.-D.); (I.R.-I.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Ignacio Rodriguez-Izquierdo
- Immunology Section, Head Inmuno-Biology Molecular Laboratoy, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, C/Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.-B.); (R.C.-D.); (I.R.-I.); (M.J.S.)
| | - María Jesús Serramía
- Immunology Section, Head Inmuno-Biology Molecular Laboratoy, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, C/Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.-B.); (R.C.-D.); (I.R.-I.); (M.J.S.)
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Martinez-Hernandez
- Department of Physiology, Genetics, and Microbiology, University of Alicante, C/San Vicente s/n, 03080 Alicante, Spain; (I.G.-H.); (F.M.-H.); (M.L.-G.)
| | - Mónica Lluesma-Gomez
- Department of Physiology, Genetics, and Microbiology, University of Alicante, C/San Vicente s/n, 03080 Alicante, Spain; (I.G.-H.); (F.M.-H.); (M.L.-G.)
| | - Manuel Martinez-Garcia
- Department of Physiology, Genetics, and Microbiology, University of Alicante, C/San Vicente s/n, 03080 Alicante, Spain; (I.G.-H.); (F.M.-H.); (M.L.-G.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.-G.); or (M.Á.M.-F.); Tel.:+34-965-903-853 (M.M.-G.); +34-914-62-4684 (M.Á.M.-F.)
| | - María Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Immunology Section, Head Inmuno-Biology Molecular Laboratoy, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, C/Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.-B.); (R.C.-D.); (I.R.-I.); (M.J.S.)
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.M.-G.); or (M.Á.M.-F.); Tel.:+34-965-903-853 (M.M.-G.); +34-914-62-4684 (M.Á.M.-F.)
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Gold Nanoparticles Crossing Blood-Brain Barrier Prevent HSV-1 Infection and Reduce Herpes Associated Amyloid-βsecretion. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9010155. [PMID: 31935998 PMCID: PMC7019340 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by HSV-1 and their typical outbreaks invading the nervous system have been related to neurodegenerative diseases. HSV-1 infection may deregulate the balance between the amyloidogenic and non-amyloidogenic pathways, raising the accumulation of amyloid-β peptides, one of the hallmarks in the neurodegenerative diseases. An effective treatment against both, HSV-1 infections and neurodegeneration, is a major therapeutic target. Therefore, gold nanoparticles (NPAus) have been previously studied in immunotherapy, cancer and cellular disruptions with very promising results. Our study demonstrates that a new NPAus family inhibits the HSV-1 infection in a neural-derived SK-N-MC cell line model and that this new NPAus reduces the HSV-1-induced β-secretase activity, as well as amyloid-β accumulation in SK-APP-D1 modifies cell line. We demonstrated that NPAuG3-S8 crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and does not generate cerebral damage to in vivo CD1 mice model. The NPAuG3-S8 could be a promising treatment against neuronal HSV-1 infections and neuronal disorders related to the Aβ peptides.
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Combination of G2-S16 dendrimer/dapivirine antiretroviral as a new HIV-1 microbicide. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:3005-3013. [PMID: 31710246 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To research the synergistic activity of G2-S16 dendrimer and dapivirine (DPV) antiretroviral as microbicide candidate to prevent HIV-1 infection. Materials & methods: We assess the toxicity of DPV on cell lines by MTT assay, the anti-HIV-1 activity of G2-S16 and DPV alone or combined at several fixed ratios. Finally, their ability to inhibit the bacterial growth in vitro was assayed. The analysis of combinatorial effects and the effective concentrations were performed with CalcuSyn software. Conclusion: Our results represent the first proof-of-concept study of G2-S16/DPV combination to develop a safe microbicide.
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Relaño-Rodríguez I, Juárez-Sánchez R, Pavicic C, Muñoz E, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ. Polyanionic carbosilane dendrimers as a new adjuvant in combination with latency reversal agents for HIV treatment. J Nanobiotechnology 2019; 17:69. [PMID: 31113488 PMCID: PMC6529996 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-019-0500-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The major obstacle impeding human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) eradication in antiretroviral treatment (ART) treated HIV-1 subjects is the establishment of long-lived latently infected resting CD4+ T cells. Due to the fact that no drug has been effective, the search for new drugs and combinations are a priority in the HIV cure. Treatments based on nanotechnology have emerged as an innovative and promising alternative to current and conventional therapies. In this respect, nanotechnology opens up a new door for eliminating latent HIV infection. We studied the role of G1-S4, G2-S16 and G3-S16 polyanionic carbosilane dendrimers in the context of latent HIV-1 persistence. Moreover, we study the efficiency of these dendrimers in combination with latency reversal agents (LRAs) against HIV-1 infection. Methods J89GFP lymphocyte and THP89GFP monocyte derived cell lines latently infected with HIV-1 p89GFP were used as an in vitro model of latency for our study. Viability assays by 3-(4-5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were performed to determine the working concentrations of dendrimers and LRAs. Both cell lines were treated with G1-S4, G2-S16 and G3-S16 either alone or in combination with bryostatin (BRY), romidepsin (RMD) or panobinostat (PNB) for 24 and 48 h. The expression pattern of GFP was measured by flow cytometry and referred as measure of viral reactivation. Results and discussion The combination treatment of the dendrimers with the protein kinase C (PKC) agonist did not modify the antilatency activity in J89GFP lymphocyte cell line. Interestingly enough, G3-S16 dendrimer alone and its combination with BRY, RMD or PNB showed a significant increased expression of GFP in the THP89GFP monocyte cell line. Conclusion We showed for the first time that nanoparticles, in this case, G3-S16 anionic carbosilan dendrimer may play an important role in new treatments against HIV-1 infection.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Relaño-Rodríguez
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.,Innohealth, Parque Científico de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Juárez-Sánchez
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Eduardo Muñoz
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Maria Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain. .,Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain. .,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Martín-Moreno A, Sepúlveda-Crespo D, Serramía-Lobera MJ, Perisé-Barrios AJ, Muñoz-Fernández MA. G2-S16 dendrimer microbicide does not interfere with the vaginal immune system. J Nanobiotechnology 2019; 17:65. [PMID: 31092246 PMCID: PMC6518660 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-019-0496-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is essential that prophylactic drugs do not interfere with the normal function of the immune system. The use of nanoparticles as vaginal microbicides is a promising prevention strategy against sexually transmitted infections. With that aim, our group is working with the G2-S16, a second generation carbosilane dendrimer with sulfonate groups in the periphery, which has been previously shown to be effective against HIV-1 and HSV-2 infection, and it is now on the road to clinical trials. Our objective in this new study is to assess the effects of G2-S16 on the immune barrier of the female reproductive tract. The expression of differentiation, maturation and activation markers was measured in epithelial cells, dendritic cells, M and GM macrophages, and T cells using RT-qPCR and flow cytometry. The results demonstrate that G2-S16 does not alter the natural immunity of the vagina, strongly supporting the biosafety of this dendrimer for clinical use.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Martín-Moreno
- Sección Inmunología, Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), and Spanish HIV-HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Sepúlveda-Crespo
- Sección Inmunología, Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), and Spanish HIV-HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mª Jesús Serramía-Lobera
- Sección Inmunología, Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), and Spanish HIV-HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Judith Perisé-Barrios
- Sección Inmunología, Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), and Spanish HIV-HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mª Angeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Sección Inmunología, Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), and Spanish HIV-HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain. .,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Rodríguez-Izquierdo I, Natalia C, García F, Los Ángeles Muñoz-Fernandez MD. G2-S16 sulfonate dendrimer as new therapy for treatment failure in HIV-1 entry inhibitors. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:1095-1107. [PMID: 31066644 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Polyanionic carbosilane dendrimers have been shown to be safe and block human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in a multifunctional manner. The aim of this study is to evaluate the appearance of HIV-1 resistance mutations after treatment with polyanionic carbosilane dendrimers. Materials & methods: A resistance mutation assay was performed on MT2 cells, viral quantity was measured by ELISA HIVp24gag and titration was carried out on TZM.bl. Next generation sequencing for HIV-1 Env was performed on G1-S4 or G2-S16 dendrimers supernatants. Results: Data showed the appearance of mutation resistance to G1-S4 treatment, inducing three significant mutations. G2-S16 did not generate any mutations and, furthermore, inhibited G1-S4-resistant viruses. Conclusion: G1-S4 treatment generates significant mutations in HIV-1NL4.3. G2-S16 does not generate resistance-associated mutation, suggesting that G2-S16 is safe as a HIV-entry inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Rodríguez-Izquierdo
- Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Spanish HIV-HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain
| | - Chueca Natalia
- Servicio de Microbiología Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IBS, Granada Spain
| | - Federico García
- Servicio de Microbiología Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria IBS, Granada Spain
| | - María de Los Ángeles Muñoz-Fernandez
- Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Spanish HIV-HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
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14
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Grande F, Ioele G, Occhiuzzi MA, De Luca M, Mazzotta E, Ragno G, Garofalo A, Muzzalupo R. Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Nanosystems Designed for Drug Stability and Controlled Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E197. [PMID: 31035595 PMCID: PMC6572254 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11050197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An in-depth analysis of nanotechnology applications for the improvement of solubility, distribution, bioavailability and stability of reverse transcriptase inhibitors is reported. Current clinically used nucleoside and non-nucleoside agents, included in combination therapies, were examined in the present survey, as drugs belonging to these classes are the major component of highly active antiretroviral treatments. The inclusion of such agents into supramolecular vesicular systems, such as liposomes, niosomes and lipid solid NPs, overcomes several drawbacks related to the action of these drugs, including drug instability and unfavorable pharmacokinetics. Overall results reported in the literature show that the performances of these drugs could be significantly improved by inclusion into nanosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedora Grande
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Ioele
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Maria Antonietta Occhiuzzi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Michele De Luca
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Mazzotta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Gaetano Ragno
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Antonio Garofalo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Rita Muzzalupo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
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15
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Dzhardimalieva GI, Uflyand IE. Synthetic Methodologies for Chelating Polymer Ligands: Recent Advances and Future Development. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gulzhian I. Dzhardimalieva
- Laboratory of MetallopolymersThe Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS Academician Semenov avenue 1, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region 142432 Russian Federation
| | - Igor E. Uflyand
- Department of ChemistrySouthern Federal University B. Sadovaya str. 105/42, Rostov-on-Don 344006 Russian Federation
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16
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Guerrero-Beltran C, Rodriguez-Izquierdo I, Serramia MJ, Araya-Durán I, Márquez-Miranda V, Gomez R, de la Mata FJ, Leal M, González-Nilo F, Muñoz-Fernández MA. Anionic Carbosilane Dendrimers Destabilize the GP120-CD4 Complex Blocking HIV-1 Entry and Cell to Cell Fusion. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:1584-1594. [PMID: 29570280 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cell-to-cell transmission is the most effective pathway for the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). Infected cells expose virus-encoded fusion proteins on their surface as a consequence of HIV-1 replicative cycle that interacts with noninfected cells through CD4 receptor and CXCR4 coreceptor leading to the formation of giant multinucleated cells known as syncytia. Our group previously described the potent activity of dendrimers against CCR5-tropic viruses. Nevertheless, the study of G1-S4, G2-S16, and G3-S16 dendrimers in the context of X4-HIV-1 tropic cell-cell fusion referred to syncytium formation remains still unknown. These dendrimers showed a suitable biocompatibility in all cell lines studied and our results demonstrated that anionic carbosilane dendrimers G1-S4, G2-S16, and G3-S16 significantly inhibit the X4-HIV-1 infection, as well as syncytia formation, in a dose dependent manner. We also demonstrated that G2-S16 and G1-S4 significantly reduced syncytia formation in HIV-1 Env-mediated cell-to-cell fusion model. Molecular modeling and in silico models showed that G2-S16 dendrimer interfered with gp120-CD4 complex and demonstrated its potential use for a treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Guerrero-Beltran
- Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular , Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM) , 28007 Madrid , Spain.,Spanish HIV HGM BioBank , 28009 Madrid , Spain.,Plataforma de Laboratorio , Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón , 28007 Madrid , Spain
| | - Ignacio Rodriguez-Izquierdo
- Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular , Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM) , 28007 Madrid , Spain.,Spanish HIV HGM BioBank , 28009 Madrid , Spain
| | - Ma Jesus Serramia
- Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular , Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM) , 28007 Madrid , Spain.,Spanish HIV HGM BioBank , 28009 Madrid , Spain
| | - Ingrid Araya-Durán
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas , Universidad Andres Bello , Av. República 239 , Santiago , Chile , 8370146.,Fundación Fraunhofer Chile Research , Las Condes , Chile , 7550296.,Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Valparaíso , Valparaíso , Chile , 2360102
| | - Valeria Márquez-Miranda
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas , Universidad Andres Bello , Av. República 239 , Santiago , Chile , 8370146.,Fundación Fraunhofer Chile Research , Las Condes , Chile , 7550296.,Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Valparaíso , Valparaíso , Chile , 2360102
| | - Rafael Gomez
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 5 , 28029 Madrid , Spain
| | - Francisco Javier de la Mata
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 5 , 28029 Madrid , Spain
| | - Manuel Leal
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS) . Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio , Av. Manuel Siurot, s/n , 41013 Sevilla , Spain.,Servicio de Medicina Interna . Hospital Viamed Santa Ángela , Av. de Jerez, 59 , 41014 Sevilla , Spain
| | - Fernando González-Nilo
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas , Universidad Andres Bello , Av. República 239 , Santiago , Chile , 8370146.,Fundación Fraunhofer Chile Research , Las Condes , Chile , 7550296.,Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Valparaíso , Valparaíso , Chile , 2360102
| | - M Angeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular , Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM) , 28007 Madrid , Spain.,Spanish HIV HGM BioBank , 28009 Madrid , Spain.,Plataforma de Laboratorio , Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón , 28007 Madrid , Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 5 , 28029 Madrid , Spain
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17
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Müllerová M, Šabata S, Matoušek J, Kormunda M, Holubová J, Bálková R, Petričkovič R, Koštejn M, Kupčík J, Fajgar R, Strašák T. Organoclays with carbosilane dendrimers containing ammonium or phosphonium groups. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj03979d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
New composite materials could reveal attractive capabilities and favourable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Müllerová
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS
- CZ-165 02 Prague 6 – Suchdol
- Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Šabata
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS
- CZ-165 02 Prague 6 – Suchdol
- Czech Republic
| | - Jindřich Matoušek
- Department of Physics
- J. E. Purkyně University
- 40096 Ústi nad Labem
- Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kormunda
- Department of Physics
- J. E. Purkyně University
- 40096 Ústi nad Labem
- Czech Republic
| | - Jana Holubová
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry
- University of Pardubice
- Pardubice
- Czech Republic
| | - Radka Bálková
- Central European Institute of Technology
- Brno University of Technology
- 612 00 Brno
- Czech Republic
| | - Roman Petričkovič
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS
- CZ-165 02 Prague 6 – Suchdol
- Czech Republic
| | - Martin Koštejn
- Department of Physics
- J. E. Purkyně University
- 40096 Ústi nad Labem
- Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kupčík
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS
- CZ-165 02 Prague 6 – Suchdol
- Czech Republic
| | - Radek Fajgar
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS
- CZ-165 02 Prague 6 – Suchdol
- Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Strašák
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS
- CZ-165 02 Prague 6 – Suchdol
- Czech Republic
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18
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Guerrero-Beltrán C, Ceña-Diez R, Sepúlveda-Crespo D, De la Mata J, Gómez R, Leal M, Muñoz-Fernández MA, Jiménez JL. Carbosilane dendrons with fatty acids at the core as a new potential microbicide against HSV-2/HIV-1 co-infection. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:17263-17273. [PMID: 29090302 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05859d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) represent the two most frequent sexually transmitted infections (STI) worldwide. Epidemiological studies suggest that HSV-2 increases the risk of HIV-1 acquisition approximately 3-fold mainly due to the clinical and immunological manifestations. In the absence of vaccines against both STI, the development of new preventive strategies has become essential for further studies. We performed the screening of six novel polyanionic carbosilane dendrons to elucidate their potential activity against HSV-2/HIV-1 co-infection and their mechanism of action. These new nanoparticles are carbosilane branched dendrons from first to third generation, with palmitic or hexanoic fatty acids as the core and capped with sulfonate groups, named G1d-STE2Hx, G2d-STE4Hx, G3d-STE8Hx, G1d-STE2Pm, G2d-STE4Pm and G3d-STE8Pm. G3d-STE8Hx and G3d-STE8Pm carbosilane branched dendrons showed high viability. These dendrons also showed a great broad-spectrum antiviral activity, as well as a suitable efficacy against HIV-1 even if the mucosal disruption occurs as a consequence of HSV-2 infection. Our results exert high inhibition against HSV-2 and HIV-1 by blocking the entry of both viruses with the median effective concentration EC50 values in the nanomolar range. Additionally, G3d-STE8Hx and G3d-STE8Pm retained their anti-HSV-2/HIV-1 activity at different pH values. G3d-STE8Hx and G3d-STE8Pm dendrons may be potential candidates as dual-acting microbicides against HSV-2/HIV-1 co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Guerrero-Beltrán
- Immunology Section, Laboratorio Inmuno-Biología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
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