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Zuo Z, Wang L, Wang S, Liu X, Wu D, Ouyang Z, Meng R, Shan Y, Zhang S, Peng T, Wang L, Li Z, Cong Y. Radioprotective effectiveness of a novel delta-tocotrienol prodrug on mouse hematopoietic system against 60Co gamma-ray irradiation through inducing granulocyte-colony stimulating factor production. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 269:116346. [PMID: 38518524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Considering the increasing risk of nuclear attacks worldwide, the development of develop potent and safe radioprotective agents for nuclear emergencies is urgently needed. γ-tocotrienol (GT3) and δ-tocotrienol (DT3) have demonstrated a potent radioprotective effect by inducing the production of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in vivo. However, their application is limited because of their low bioavailability. The utilization of ester prodrugs can be an effective strategy for modifying the pharmacokinetic properties of drug molecules. In this study, we initially confirmed that DT3 exhibited the most significant potential for inducing G-CSF effects among eight natural vitamin E homologs. Consequently, we designed and synthesized a series of DT3 ester and ether derivatives, leading to improved radioprotective effects. The metabolic study conducted in vitro and in vivo has identified DT3 succinate 5b as a prodrug of DT3 with an approximately seven-fold higher bioavailability compared to DT3 alone. And DT3 ether derivative 8a were relatively stable and approximately 4 times more bioavailable than DT3 prototype. Furthermore, 5b exhibited superior ability to mitigate radiation-induced pancytopenia, enhance the recovery of bone marrow hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, and promote splenic extramedullary hematopoiesis in sublethal irradiated mice. Similarly, 8a shown potential radiation protection, but its radiation protection is less than DT3. Based on these findings, we identified 5b as a DT3 prodrug, and providing an attractive candidate for further drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongchao Zuo
- Faculty of Environment & Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Limei Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Shaozheng Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Dandan Wu
- College of Life Sciences in Nanjing University (Xianlin Campus), State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (SKLPB), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Zhangyi Ouyang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Ruoxi Meng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yajun Shan
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Shouguo Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Faculty of Environment & Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Zhongtang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Yuwen Cong
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
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Ji L, Cui P, Zhou S, Qiu L, Huang H, Wang C, Wang J. Advances of Amifostine in Radiation Protection: Administration and Delivery. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5383-5395. [PMID: 37747899 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Amifostine (AMF, also known as WR-2721) is the only approved broad-spectrum small-molecule radiation protection agent that can combat hematopoietic damage caused by ionizing radiation and is used as an antitumor adjuvant and cell protector in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Amifostine is usually injected intravenously before chemotherapy or radiotherapy and has been used in the treatment of head and neck cancer. However, the inconvenient intravenous administration and its toxic side effects such as hypotension have severely limited its further application in clinic. In order to reduce the toxic and side effects, scientists are trying to develop a variety of drug administration methods and are devoted to developing a wide application of amifostine in radiation protection. This paper reviews the research progress of amifostine for radiation protection in recent years, discusses its mechanism of action, clinical application, and other aspects, with focus on summarizing the most widely studied amifostine injection administration and drug delivery systems, and explored the correlation between various administrations and drug efficacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
- School of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengfei Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuwen Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hai Huang
- School of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianhao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
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Obrador E, Salvador-Palmer R, Pellicer B, López-Blanch R, Sirerol JA, Villaescusa JI, Montoro A, Dellinger RW, Estrela JM. Combination of natural polyphenols with a precursor of NAD + and a TLR2/6 ligand lipopeptide protects mice against lethal γ radiation. J Adv Res 2023; 45:73-86. [PMID: 35599107 PMCID: PMC10006514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Effective agents that could confer long-term protection against ionizing radiation in vivo would have applications in medicine, biotechnology, and in air and space travel. However, at present, drugs that can effectively protect against lethal ionizing radiations are still an unmet need. OBJECTIVE To investigate if combinations of natural polyphenols, known for their antioxidant potential, could protect against ionizing radiations. METHODS Plant-derived polyphenols were screened for their potential ability to confer radioprotection to mice given a lethal whole-body γ radiation (137Cs) dose expected to kill 50% of the animals in 30 days. Telomere and centromere staining, Q-FISH and comet assays were used to investigate chromosomal aberration, micronuclei formation and DNA breaks. Molecular oxidations were investigated by enzyme immunoassays and UPLC-MS/MS. RT-PCR, western blotting and siRNA-induced gene silencing were used to study signaling mechanisms and molecular interactions. RESULTS The combination of pterostilbene (PT) and silibinin (SIL) was the most effective against γ-irradiation, resulting in 100% of the mice surviving at 30 days and 20% survival at one year. Treatment post γ-irradiation with two potential radiomitigators nicotinamide riboside (NR, a vitamin B3 derivative), and/or fibroblast-stimulating lipoprotein 1 (FSL1, a toll-like receptor 2/6 agonist), did not extend survival. However, the combination of PT, SIL, NR and FSL1 achieved a 90% survival one year post γ-irradiation. The mechanism involves induction of the Nrf2-dependent cellular antioxidant defense, reduction of NF-kB signaling, upregulation of the PGC-1α/sirtuins 1 and 3 axis, PARP1-dependent DNA repair, and stimulation of hematopoietic cell recovery. The pathway linking Nrf2, sirtuin 3 and SOD2 is key to radioprotection. Importantly, this combination did not interfere with X-ray mediated killing of different tumor cells in vivo. CONCLUSION The combination of the radioprotectors PT and SIL with the radiomitigators NR and FSL1 confer effective, long-term protection against γ radiation in vivo. This strategy is potentially capable of protecting mammals against ionizing radiations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Obrador
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine & Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Rosario Salvador-Palmer
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine & Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Blanca Pellicer
- Service of Radiology, Sagunto Hospital, 46520 Sagunto, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael López-Blanch
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine & Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - J Antoni Sirerol
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine & Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan I Villaescusa
- Service of Radiological Protection, Health Research Institute (IISLaFe), La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain; Biomedical Imaging Research Group GIBI230, Health Research Institute (IISLaFe), La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Alegría Montoro
- Service of Radiological Protection, Health Research Institute (IISLaFe), La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain; Biomedical Imaging Research Group GIBI230, Health Research Institute (IISLaFe), La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - José M Estrela
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine & Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
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Liu L, Liang Z, Ma S, Li L, Liu X. Radioprotective countermeasures for radiation injury (Review). Mol Med Rep 2023; 27:66. [PMID: 36799170 PMCID: PMC9926870 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of physiological and pathological changes occur after radiotherapy and accidental exposure to ionizing radiation (IR). These changes cause serious damage to human tissues and can lead to death. Radioprotective countermeasures are radioprotective agents that prevent and reduce IR injury or have therapeutic effects. Based on a good understanding of radiobiology, a number of protective agents have achieved positive results in early clinical trials. The present review grouped known radioprotective agents according to biochemical categories and potential clinical use, and reviewed radiation countermeasures, i.e., radioprotectors, radiation mitigators and radiotherapeutic agents, with an emphasis on their current status and research progress. The aim of the present review is to facilitate the selection and application of suitable radioprotectors for clinicians and researchers, to prevent or reduce IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianchang Liu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun 130021, P.R. China,School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China,Department of Intervention, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Liang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, P.R. China
| | - Shumei Ma
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China,South Zhejiang Institute of Radiation Medicine and Nuclear Technology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Lan Li
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China,South Zhejiang Institute of Radiation Medicine and Nuclear Technology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Lan Li, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, 1 North Zhongxin Road, Chashan, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun 130021, P.R. China,School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China,South Zhejiang Institute of Radiation Medicine and Nuclear Technology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China,Professor Xiaodong Liu, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health of Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Road, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China, E-mail:
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Sex Differences of Radiation Damage in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Mice and the Regulatory Effect of Melatonin. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010064. [PMID: 36615722 PMCID: PMC9823527 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) and exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) are closely associated with many diseases. To evaluate the interaction between HFDs and IR-induced injury, we gave mice whole abdominal irradiation (WAI) to examine the extent of intestinal injury under different dietary conditions. Melatonin (MLT) is a free radical scavenger that effectively prevents hematopoietic, immune, and gastrointestinal damage induced by IR. However, its effects on WAI-induced intestinal injury in HFD-fed mice remain unclear. We demonstrated that MLT can promote intestinal structural repair following WAI and enhance the regeneration capacity of Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells. In addition, we investigated the effects of radiation damage on sexual dimorphism in HFD-fed mice. The results showed that the degree of IR-induced intestinal injury was more severe in the HFD-fed female mice. MLT preserved the intestinal microbiota composition of HFD-fed mice and increased the abundance of Bacteroides and Proteobacteria in male and female mice, respectively. In conclusion, MLT may reduce the negative effects of HFD and IR, thereby providing assistance in preserving the structure and function of the intestine.
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Weiss M, Nikisher B, Haran H, Tefft K, Adams J, Edwards JG. High throughput screen of small molecules as potential countermeasures to galactic cosmic radiation induced cellular dysfunction. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2022; 35:76-87. [PMID: 36336373 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Space travel increases galactic cosmic ray exposure to flight crews and this is significantly elevated once travel moves beyond low Earth orbit. This includes combinations of high energy protons and heavy ions such as 56Fe or 16O. There are distinct differences in the biological response to low-energy transfer (x-rays) or high-energy transfer (High-LET). However, given the relatively low fluence rate of exposure during flight operations, it might be possible to manage these deleterious effects using small molecules currently available. Virtually all reports to date examining small molecule management of radiation exposure are based on low-LET challenges. To that end an FDA approved drug library (725 drugs) was used to perform a high throughput screen of cultured cells following exposure to galactic cosmic radiation. The H9c2 myoblasts, ES-D3 pluripotent cells, and Hy926 endothelial cell lines were exposed to a single exposure (75 cGy) using the 5-ion GCRsim protocol developed at the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL). Following GCR exposure cells were maintained for up to two weeks. For each drug (@10µM), a hierarchical cumulative score was developed incorporating measures of mitochondrial and cellular function, oxidant stress and cell senescence. The top 160 scores were retested following a similar protocol using 1µM of each drug. Within the 160 drugs, 33 are considered to have an anti-inflammatory capacity, while others also indirectly suppressed pro-inflammatory pathways or had noted antioxidant capacity. Lead candidates came from different drug classes that included angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or AT1 antagonists, COX2 inhibitors, as well as drugs mediated by histamine receptors. Surprisingly, different classes of anti-diabetic medications were observed to be useful including sulfonylureas and metformin. Using a hierarchical decision structure, we have identified several lead candidates. That no one drug or even drug class was completely successful across all parameters tested suggests the complexity of managing the consequences of galactic cosmic radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Weiss
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - B Nikisher
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - H Haran
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - K Tefft
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - J Adams
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - J G Edwards
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York.
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Park HR, Lee JH, Ji HJ, Lim S, Ahn KB, Seo HS. Radioprotection of deinococcal exopolysaccharide BRD125 by regenerating hematopoietic stem cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:898185. [PMID: 36226052 PMCID: PMC9549790 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.898185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a substantial need for the development of biomaterials for protecting hematopoietic stem cells and enhancing hematopoiesis after radiation damage. Bacterial exopolysaccharide (EPS) has been shown to be very attractive to researchers as a radioprotectant owing to its high antioxidant, anti-cancer, and limited adverse effects. In the present study, we isolated EPS from a novel strain, Deinococcus radiodurans BRD125, which produces EPS in high abundance, and investigated its applicability as a radioprotective biomaterial. We found that EPS isolated from EPS-rich D. radiodurans BRD125 (DeinoPol-BRD125) had an excellent free-radical scavenging effect and reduced irradiation-induced apoptosis. In addition, bone-marrow and spleen-cell apoptosis in irradiated mice were significantly reduced by DeinoPol-BRD125 administration. DeinoPol-BRD125 enhanced the expression of hematopoiesis-related cytokines such as GM-CSF, G-GSF, M-CSF, and SCF, thereby enhancing hematopoietic stem cells protection and regeneration. Taken together, our findings are the first to report the immunological mechanism of a novel radioprotectant, DeinoPol-BRD125, which might constitute an ideal radioprotective and radiation mitigating agent as a supplement drug during radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Ran Park
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Ho Seong Seo, ; Hae Ran Park,
| | - Ji Hee Lee
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
- Division of Pathogen Resource Management, Center for Public Vaccine Development Support, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health (NIH), Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Ji
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sangyong Lim
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
- Department of Radiation Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ki Bum Ahn
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Ho Seong Seo
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
- Department of Radiation Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Ho Seong Seo, ; Hae Ran Park,
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Aloe vera gel as a stimulant for mesenchymal stem cells differentiation and a natural therapy for radiation induced liver damage. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies: Biological Effects, Countermeasures and Biodosimetry. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061098. [PMID: 35739995 PMCID: PMC9219873 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atomic and radiological crises can be caused by accidents, military activities, terrorist assaults involving atomic installations, the explosion of nuclear devices, or the utilization of concealed radiation exposure devices. Direct damage is caused when radiation interacts directly with cellular components. Indirect effects are mainly caused by the generation of reactive oxygen species due to radiolysis of water molecules. Acute and persistent oxidative stress associates to radiation-induced biological damages. Biological impacts of atomic radiation exposure can be deterministic (in a period range a posteriori of the event and because of destructive tissue/organ harm) or stochastic (irregular, for example cell mutation related pathologies and heritable infections). Potential countermeasures according to a specific scenario require considering basic issues, e.g., the type of radiation, people directly affected and first responders, range of doses received and whether the exposure or contamination has affected the total body or is partial. This review focuses on available medical countermeasures (radioprotectors, radiomitigators, radionuclide scavengers), biodosimetry (biological and biophysical techniques that can be quantitatively correlated with the magnitude of the radiation dose received), and strategies to implement the response to an accidental radiation exposure. In the case of large-scale atomic or radiological events, the most ideal choice for triage, dose assessment and victim classification, is the utilization of global biodosimetry networks, in combination with the automation of strategies based on modular platforms.
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Ultrasound-assisted continuous-flow synthesis of PEGylated MIL-101(Cr) nanoparticles for hematopoietic radioprotection. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 129:112369. [PMID: 34579888 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are useful as drug delivery carriers with high loading capacity and excellent biocompatibility. We fabricated a new drug carrier based on MIL-101(Cr) environmentally and loaded it with 47.2 wt% WR-1065 (active metabolite of amifostine). Moreover, the permeability and stability of these nanoparticles increased after PEGylation by the N-hydroxysuccinimide active ester protocol. Then, a "green" continuous-flow system equipped with an ultrasound applicator was newly designed to prepare the nanoparticles under the effect of acoustic cavitation. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the large-scale process conditions with Box-Behnken design to obtain high space-time yield (5785 kg m-3 day-1). These less toxic MOFs nanoparticles increased cell viability by scavenging the accumulated reactive oxygen species and resisting DNA damage after irradiation. They are capable of mitigating radiation injury, achieving a 30-d survival rate of 90% in mice after lethal total body irradiation (8.0 Gy). This countermeasure significantly improved the peripheral blood cell count, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells frequency, and clonogenic function of hematopoietic progenitor cells. It probably prevents irradiation-induced hematopoietic damage through the p53-dependent apoptotic pathway. Therefore, ultrasound-assisted continuous-flow synthesis is a sustainable method to produce MOFs on a large scale for radioprotection.
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Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of a Novel Aminothiol Compound as Potential Radioprotector. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:4714649. [PMID: 34471464 PMCID: PMC8405339 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4714649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The risk of radiation damage has increased with the rapid development of nuclear technology and radiotherapy. Hence, research on radioprotective agents is of utmost importance. In the present study, a novel aminothiol compound 12, containing a linear alkylamino backbone and three terminal thiols, was synthesized. Owing to the appropriate capped groups in the chains, it has an improved permeability and oral bioavailability compared to other radioprotective agents. Oral administration of compound 12 improved the survival of mice that received lethal doses of γ-irradiation. Experimental results demonstrated that compound 12 not only mitigated total body irradiation-induced hematopoietic injury by increasing the frequencies of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells but also prevented abdominal irradiation-induced intestinal injury by increasing the survival of Lgr5+ intestinal cells, lysozyme+ Paneth cells, and Ki67+ cells. In addition, compound 12 decreased oxidative stress by upregulating the expression of Nrf2 and NQO1 and downregulating the expression of NOX1. Further, compound 12 inhibited γ-irradiation-induced DNA damage and alleviated G2/M phase arrest. Moreover, compound 12 decreased the levels of p53 and Bax and increased the level of Bcl-2, demonstrating that it may suppress radiation-induced apoptosis via the p53 pathway. These results indicate that compound 12 has the possibility of preventing radiation injury and can be a potential radioprotector for clinical applications.
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12
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Could Polyphenols Really Be a Good Radioprotective Strategy? Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164969. [PMID: 34443561 PMCID: PMC8398122 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, radiotherapy is one of the most effective strategies to treat cancer. However, deleterious toxicity against normal cells indicate for the need to selectively protect them. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species reinforce ionizing radiation cytotoxicity, and compounds able to scavenge these species or enhance antioxidant enzymes (e.g., superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) should be properly investigated. Antioxidant plant-derived compounds, such as phenols and polyphenols, could represent a valuable alternative to synthetic compounds to be used as radio-protective agents. In fact, their dose-dependent antioxidant/pro-oxidant efficacy could provide a high degree of protection to normal tissues, with little or no protection to tumor cells. The present review provides an update of the current scientific knowledge of polyphenols in pure forms or in plant extracts with good evidence concerning their possible radiomodulating action. Indeed, with few exceptions, to date, the fragmentary data available mostly derive from in vitro studies, which do not find comfort in preclinical and/or clinical studies. On the contrary, when preclinical studies are reported, especially regarding the bioactivity of a plant extract, its chemical composition is not taken into account, avoiding any standardization and compromising data reproducibility.
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Li X, Wang X, Miao L, Liu Y, Lin X, Guo Y, Yuan R, Tian H. Synthesis and radioprotective effects of novel hybrid compounds containing edaravone analogue and 3-n-butylphthalide ring-opening derivatives. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:5470-5485. [PMID: 33963805 PMCID: PMC8184683 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As the potential risk of radiation exposure is increasing, radioprotectors studies are gaining importance. In this study, novel hybrid compounds containing edaravone analogue and 3-n-butylphthalide ring-opening derivatives were synthesized, and their radioprotective effects were evaluated. Among these, compound 10a displayed the highest radioprotective activity in IEC-6 and HFL-1 cells. Its oral administration increased the survival rates of irradiated mice and alleviated total body irradiation (TBI)-induced hematopoietic damage by mitigating myelosuppression and improving hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell frequencies. Furthermore, 10a treatment prevented abdominal irradiation (ABI)-induced structural damage to the small intestine. Experiment results demonstrated that 10a increased the number of Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells, lysozyme+ Paneth cells and Ki67+ transient amplifying cells, and reduced apoptosis of the intestinal epithelium cells in irradiated mice. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that the radioprotective activity of 10a is associated to the reduction of oxidative stress and the inhibition of DNA damage. Furthermore, compound 10a downregulated the expressions of p53, Bax, caspase-9 and caspase-3, and upregulated the expression of Bcl-2, suggesting that it could prevent irradiation-induced intestinal damage through the p53-dependent apoptotic pathway. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that 10a is beneficial for the prevention of radiation damage and has the potential to be a radioprotector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Longfei Miao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Yahong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaona Lin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuying Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Renbin Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongqi Tian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China
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14
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Liu Y, Miao L, Guo Y, Yuan R, Li X, Wang X, Lin X, Tian H. Oral Codelivery of WR-1065 Using Curcumin-Linked ROS-Sensitive Nanoparticles for Synergistic Radioprotection. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:2496-2507. [PMID: 33825438 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Protecting the body from radiation damage is a huge medical challenge. Amifostine and curcumin are both effective radioprotectants, but their use has been greatly restricted due to various reasons including low bioavailability. Nanoscale drug delivery systems of poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ε-caprolactone) copolymers can improve the bioavailability of drugs due to excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and long circulation characteristics. In this study, a new reactive oxygen species-sensitive nanocarrier fabricated by linking curcumin and thioketal to poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ε-caprolactone) polymer was used for delivery of WR-1065 (the active ingredient of amifostine). The content of curcumin in this polymer was about 7.6%, and the drug loading of WR-1065 was 44%. The WR-1065-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) had an average size of 128.6 nm and uniform spherical morphology. These WR-1065-loaded NPs reduced the metabolism of curcumin and WR-1065 in the gastrointestinal tract and could be well absorbed by cells and distributed to multiple organs. Compared with a single drug, oral administration of WR-1065-loaded NPs demonstrated obvious radioprotective effects on the hematopoietic system and prevented intestinal injury. The 30-day survival rate after half-lethal dose (7.2 Gy) of total body irradiation was 100%. In general, WR-1065-loaded NPs improved the oral bioavailability of WR-1065 and curcumin. This multifunctional nanocarrier provides a possibility for combination therapy in treating ionizing radiation damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Longfei Miao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yuying Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Renbin Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xuejiao Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xiaona Lin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Hongqi Tian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
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15
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Liu Y, Miao L, Guo Y, Tian H. Preclinical Evaluation of Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Efficacy, and Mechanism of Radioprotective Agent HL-003. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6683836. [PMID: 33688393 PMCID: PMC7914087 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6683836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Amifostine is a radioprotector with high efficacy but poor safety, short half-life, no oral formulation, and poor compliance, which limits its application. With the increasing risk of exposure to radiation, the development of new radioprotective agents is critical. We previously synthesized a new amifostine derivative, the small molecule compound HL-003. In this study, we focused on evaluating the radioprotective properties of HL-003. Using the in vitro 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay, we initially confirmed HL-003 as a strong antioxidant and demonstrated that its free radical scavenging activity was stronger than that of amifostine. Then, we performed an acute toxicity test, a 28-day toxicity test, a 30-day survival rate test, and a pharmacokinetic study, all of which provided aggregate evidence that HL-003 functioned as a small molecule radioprotector with high efficacy, a favorable safety profile, a long half-life, and oral administration. The intestinal radioprotective mechanism of HL-003 was explored in male C57 mice after abdominal irradiation by analyzing intestinal tissue samples with hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, TUNEL staining, and immunofluorescence detection. The results showed that HL-003 protected intestinal DNA from radiation damage and suppressed the expression of phosphorylated histone H2AX, phosphorylated p53, and the apoptosis-related proteins caspase-8 and caspase-9, which contributed to maintaining the normal morphology of the small intestine and provided insights into the mechanism of radioprotection. Thus, HL-003 is a small molecule radioprotector with a potential application in radiation medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Longfei Miao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yuying Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Hongqi Tian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin 300192, China
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16
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Li W, Jiang L, Lu X, Liu X, Ling M. Curcumin protects radiation-induced liver damage in rats through the NF-κB signaling pathway. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:10. [PMID: 33407412 PMCID: PMC7789609 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03182-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Curcumin has been demonstrated to exert anti-oxidant, anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities. This study was conducted to observe the effect and inner mechanism of curcumin in rats with radiation-induced liver damage (RILD). METHODS Thirty SD rats were classified into Control, Radiation group and Curcumin (Cur) + Radiation group (n = 10 in each group). The changes in body weight of the rats were observed on the 3rd, 7th and 14th days after the treatment with curcumin. On the 14th day post treatment, the heart blood of the rats was drawn for measurement of liver function indices including total protein (TP), alanine aminotransfetase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as well as aspartate aminotransfetase (AST). Subsequently, the rats were euthanized and liver tissues were taken to observe liver morphological changes using hematoxylin-eosin (HE), and to analyze apoptosis condition using transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays. Meanwhile, the oxidative stress level in liver tissue homogenate was determined by biochemical analysis. The expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway-associated and apoptosis-associated proteins was detected using Western blot analysis, and the expression levels of inflammatory factors were measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS The reduced body weight was observed in rats of the Radiation group compared to the Control and Cur + Radiation groups on day 14. In the Radiation group, hepatic cell edema and inflammatory cell infiltration could be visible under the light microscope, and the hepatocytes presented with vacuolar degeneration. In the Cur + Radiation group, the hepatocytes swelled under the microscope, but the pathological changes were alleviated in comparison with the Radiation group. RILD rats with curcumin treatment presented with decreased ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, and maleicdialdehyde (MDA) levels, and elevated TP, superoxide dismutase (SOD), caspase activated DNase (CAD) and glutathione (GSH) levels. Apoptosis and inflammation in rats with RILD were up-regulated, and the NF-κB pathway was activated, but they were reversed after continuously intragastric administration of curcumin for 14 days. CONCLUSION Our study highlights that curcumin treatment reduces the liver damage caused by radiation through the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, Hunan, China
| | - Liangjun Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, Hunan, China.
| | - Xianzhou Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, Hunan, China
| | - Xianrong Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, Hunan, China
| | - Mingjiong Ling
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, Hunan, China
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17
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Obrador E, Salvador R, Villaescusa JI, Soriano JM, Estrela JM, Montoro A. Radioprotection and Radiomitigation: From the Bench to Clinical Practice. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E461. [PMID: 33142986 PMCID: PMC7692399 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of protective agents against harmful radiations has been a subject of investigation for decades. However, effective (ideal) radioprotectors and radiomitigators remain an unsolved problem. Because ionizing radiation-induced cellular damage is primarily attributed to free radicals, radical scavengers are promising as potential radioprotectors. Early development of such agents focused on thiol synthetic compounds, e.g., amifostine (2-(3-aminopropylamino) ethylsulfanylphosphonic acid), approved as a radioprotector by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA, USA) but for limited clinical indications and not for nonclinical uses. To date, no new chemical entity has been approved by the FDA as a radiation countermeasure for acute radiation syndrome (ARS). All FDA-approved radiation countermeasures (filgrastim, a recombinant DNA form of the naturally occurring granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, G-CSF; pegfilgrastim, a PEGylated form of the recombinant human G-CSF; sargramostim, a recombinant granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, GM-CSF) are classified as radiomitigators. No radioprotector that can be administered prior to exposure has been approved for ARS. This differentiates radioprotectors (reduce direct damage caused by radiation) and radiomitigators (minimize toxicity even after radiation has been delivered). Molecules under development with the aim of reaching clinical practice and other nonclinical applications are discussed. Assays to evaluate the biological effects of ionizing radiations are also analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Obrador
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.O.); (R.S.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Rosario Salvador
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.O.); (R.S.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Juan I. Villaescusa
- Service of Radiological Protection, Clinical Area of Medical Image, La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
- Biomedical Imaging Research Group GIBI230, Health Research Institute (IISLaFe), La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - José M. Soriano
- Food & Health Lab, Institute of Materials Science, University of Valencia, 46980 Valencia, Spain;
- Joint Research Unit in Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, University of Valencia-Health Research Institute IISLaFe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - José M. Estrela
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.O.); (R.S.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Alegría Montoro
- Service of Radiological Protection, Clinical Area of Medical Image, La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
- Biomedical Imaging Research Group GIBI230, Health Research Institute (IISLaFe), La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain
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18
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Aygün B, Alaylar B, Turhan K, Şakar E, Karadayı M, Al-Sayyed MIA, Pelit E, Güllüce M, Karabulut A, Turgut Z, Alım B. Investigation of neutron and gamma radiation protective characteristics of synthesized quinoline derivatives. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:1423-1434. [PMID: 32813583 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1811421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Quinoline is formed by various natural compounds, such as alkaloids from the cinchona plant, which exhibit various biological activities, and is an important building material for the development of new drugs. Quinoline can be used in anti-radiation drug development but radiation interaction properties must be determined. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, six types of synthesized quinoline derivatives were used. Fast neutron removal cross-section, mean free path, half value layer and transmission number were theoretically determined by using GEometry ANd Tracking 4 and FLUktuierende KAskade simulation codes for neutron shielding. Neutron dose absorption rates were determined using the 241Am-Be fast neutron source and the Canberra NP series portable BF3 gas proportional neutron detector. Gamma radiation shielding parameters were determined by using WinXCom and PSY-X/PSD software. Additionally, the genotoxic potentials of the derivatives were assessed by using the Ames/Salmonella bacterial reversion assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Neutron shielding parameters such as removal cross-section, mean free path, half value layer and transmission number were theoretically determined for fast neutrons. To determine neutron absorption capacity of quinoline derivatives, neutron absorption, experiments were conducted. In addition, gamma radiation shielding parameters were calculated such as the mean free path (MFP), mass attenuation coefficient (µt), half value thickness layer (HVL) and effective atomic number (Zeff) in the energy range of 0.015-15 MeV. The results of the all quinoline derivatives have excellent fast neutron shielding power compared to ordinary concrete. In addition, all quinoline derivatives have been found to have the capacity to attenuate gamma radiation. Moreover, they absorb well in both types of radiation, do not cause secondary radiation, and they are genotoxically safe at the tested concentrations. This study has demonstrated that these products can be used as active ingredients for a drug to be developed against radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bünyamin Aygün
- Department of Electronics and Automation, Vocational School, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey
| | - Burak Alaylar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey
| | - Kadir Turhan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Yildiz Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdem Şakar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Karadayı
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | | | - Emel Pelit
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Kirklareli University, Kirklareli, Turkey
| | - Medine Güllüce
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Abdulhalik Karabulut
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.,Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey
| | - Zuhal Turgut
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Yildiz Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Bünyamin Alım
- Department of Electricity and Energy, Technical Scientific Vocational School, Bayburt University, Bayburt, Turkey
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19
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Cao J, Li H, Yuan R, Dong Y, Wu J, Wang M, Li D, Tian H, Dong H. Protective effects of new aryl sulfone derivatives against radiation-induced hematopoietic injury. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2020; 61:388-398. [PMID: 32173735 PMCID: PMC7299261 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rraa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The hematopoietic system is sensitive to radiation. In this research, new aryl sulfone derivatives (XH-201 and XH-202) containing a nitrogen heterocycle were designed and synthesized and their radio-protective efficacies with regard to the hematopoietic system were evaluated. XH-201 administration significantly increased the survival rate of mice after 8.0 Gy total body irradiation (TBI). The results showed that XH-201 treatment not only increased the white blood cells, platelets counts and the percentage of hematopoietic progenitor cells and hematopoietic stem cells in mice exposed to 4.0 Gy TBI but also decreased DNA damage, as determined by flow cytometric analysis of histone H2AX phosphorylation. In addition, our data demonstrated that XH-201 decreased the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in hematopoietic cells. Overall, these data suggest that XH-201 is beneficial for the protection of the hemoatopoietic system against radiation-induced injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Renbin Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yinping Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Meifang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Deguan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Hongqi Tian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
- Corresponding author. Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, No 238, Baidi Road, Nankai district, Tianjin, China, 300192. Tel: 0086-22-85682291; Fax: 0086-22-85683033;
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20
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Pentoxifylline and vitamin E reduce the severity of radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis and dysphagia in head and neck cancer patients: a randomized, controlled study. Med Oncol 2019; 37:8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-019-1334-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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21
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Cao C, Zhang J, Yang C, Xiang L, Liu W. Albumin exfoliated titanium disulfide nanosheet: a multifunctional nanoplatform for synergistic photothermal/radiation colon cancer therapy. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:6337-6347. [PMID: 31496736 PMCID: PMC6691941 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s210618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE TiS2-HSA-FA, a nanoagent based on titanium disulfide (TiS2), human serum albumin (HSA), and folic acid (FA), was synthesized for potential use in synergistic photothermal/radiation therapy for colon cancer. METHODS TiS2 nanosheets were synthesized through a HSA-assisted exfoliation method and then modified with PEGylated FA. The morphology, size, zeta potential, stability, cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, biodistribution, and in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of the nanoparticles as well as their suitability for synergistic photothermal/radiation colon cancer therapy were investigated. RESULTS The as-synthesized TiS2-HSA-FA nanoparticles showed excellent physiological stability, as well as high absorption values in the near-infrared (NIR) and X-ray regions, giving them superb activity as a photothermal and radiation sensitizer. In vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that TiS2-HSA-FA showed high tumor targeting selectivity, blood circulation time, biocompatibility, and suitability for synergistic tumor photothermal radiotherapy. CONCLUSION A multifunctional nanoplatform based on TiS2 was developed and found to be potentially suitable for synergistic photothermal/radiation therapy for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanhua Yang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Xiang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenneng Liu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan610041, People’s Republic of China
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22
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Mortezaee K, Najafi M, Farhood B, Ahmadi A, Potes Y, Shabeeb D, Musa AE. Modulation of apoptosis by melatonin for improving cancer treatment efficiency: An updated review. Life Sci 2019; 228:228-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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23
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Sadeeshkumar V, Duraikannu A, Aishwarya T, Jayaram P, Ravichandran S, Ganeshamurthy R. Radioprotective efficacy of dieckol against gamma radiation-induced cellular damage in hepatocyte cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 392:1031-1041. [PMID: 31028451 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01652-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring antioxidants prevent or delay the harmful effect of free radical formation and radioprotection. The present study aimed to investigate the radioprotective effect of dieckol, a naturally occurring marine bioactive phenolic compound on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status, DNA damage, and inflammation in gamma-radiation-induced rat primary hepatocytes. Isolated hepatocyte cells exposed to gamma-radiation showed an increased level of lipid peroxidation markers (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and lipid hydroperoxides) accompanied with the decrease in the activities of enzymatic (SOD, CAT, and GPx) and non-enzymatic (vitamin C, vitamin E, and GSH) antioxidants associated with increased DNA damage coupled with upregulation of inflammatory proteins (NF-κB and COX-2) compared to control. Treatment of dieckol (5, 10, 20 μM) reduces the γ-radiation-induced toxicity and the associated pro-oxidant and antioxidant imbalance as well as decreasing the DNA damage (tail length, tail moment, %DNA in a tail and olive tail moment) and inflammation in hepatocyte cells. These findings indicate that treatment of dieckol offers protection against γ-radiation-induced cellular damage in the liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velayutham Sadeeshkumar
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu, 608 502, India. .,Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, 608 002, India.
| | - Arul Duraikannu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, 608 002, India.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine & Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Thiyagarajan Aishwarya
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Killikulam, Vallanadu, Tamil Nadu, 628 252, India
| | - Prithi Jayaram
- Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Ganapathichettikulam, Kalapet, Puducherry, 605 014, India
| | - Samuthrapandian Ravichandran
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu, 608 502, India
| | - Raghunathan Ganeshamurthy
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu, 608 502, India
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24
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Lee HS, Park YJ, Cho DW, Han SC, Jun SY, Jung GM, Lee WJ, Choi CM, Park EJ, Pak SI. Repeated injection of KMRC011, a medical countermeasure for radiation, can cause adverse health effects in cynomolgus monkeys. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 39:294-304. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Soo Lee
- Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research; Korea Institute of Toxicology; Jeongeup-si Jeollabuk-do 56212 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Jin Park
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science; Kyung Hee University; Yongin-si Gyeonggi-do 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Doo-Wan Cho
- Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research; Korea Institute of Toxicology; Jeongeup-si Jeollabuk-do 56212 Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Cheol Han
- Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research; Korea Institute of Toxicology; Jeongeup-si Jeollabuk-do 56212 Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Youn Jun
- iNtRON Biotechnology Inc.; Seongnam-si Gyeonggi-do 13202 Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Mo Jung
- iNtRON Biotechnology Inc.; Seongnam-si Gyeonggi-do 13202 Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jong Lee
- Biomedical Manufacturing Technology Center; Korea Institute of Industrial Technology; Yeongcheon-si Gyeongsangbuk-do 38822 Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Min Choi
- Biomedical Manufacturing Technology Center; Korea Institute of Industrial Technology; Yeongcheon-si Gyeongsangbuk-do 38822 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Park
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science; Kyung Hee University; Yongin-si Gyeonggi-do 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Son-Il Pak
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science; Kangwon National University; Chuncheon-si Gangwon-do 24341 Republic of Korea
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Can B, Atilgan R, Pala S, Kuloğlu T, Kiray S, Ilhan N. Examination of the effect of ovarian radiation injury induced by hysterosalpingography on ovarian proliferating cell nuclear antigen and the radioprotective effect of amifostine: an experimental study. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:1491-1500. [PMID: 29872271 PMCID: PMC5973316 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s156757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to examine the effect of amifostine on cellular injury in the ovarian tissue induced by hysterosalpingography (HSG). Methods In total, forty 4-month old female Wistar Albino rats were assigned into 8 groups. Each group contained 5 rats. Group 1 (G1): rats were decapitated without any procedure. Group 2 (G2): rats were decapitated after 3 hours of total body irradiation. Group 3 (G3): rats were decapitated 3 hours after HSG procedure. Group 4 (G4): rats were decapitated 3 hours after HSG procedure performed 30 min after receiving amifostine 200 mg/kg intraperitoneally. Group 5 (G5): rats were decapitated after 1 month without any procedure. Group 6 (G6): rats were decapitated after 1 month of total body irradiation. Group 7 (G7): rats were decapitated 1 month after HSG procedure. Group 8 (G8): rats were decapitated 1 month after HSG procedure performed 30 min after receiving amifostine 200 mg/kg intraperitoneally. After rats were decapitated under general anesthesia in all groups, blood samples were obtained and bilateral ovaries were removed. One of the ovaries was placed in 10% formaldehyde solution for histological germinal epithelial degeneration, apoptosis and proliferating cell nuclear antigen scoring. The other ovary and blood sera were stored at −80°C. TNF-α, total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, and malondialdehyde levels were studied in tissue samples and anti-mullerian hormone levels in blood samples. Results At the end of the first month, there was significant ovarian germinal epithelium degeneration. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunoreactivity was significantly reduced in all other groups when compared with G1 and G5. Conclusion In conclusion, amifostine could significantly reduce the ovarian cellular injury induced by HSG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzat Can
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Firat University School of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Remzi Atilgan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Firat University School of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Sehmus Pala
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Firat University School of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Tuncay Kuloğlu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Firat University School of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Sule Kiray
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maltepe University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nevin Ilhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Firat University School of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey
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Campos JC, Cunha JD, Ferreira DC, Reis S, Costa PJ. Challenges in the local delivery of peptides and proteins for oral mucositis management. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 128:131-146. [PMID: 29702221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oral mucositis, a common inflammatory side effect of oncological treatments, is a disorder of the oral mucosa that can cause painful ulcerations, local motor disabilities, and an increased risk of infections. Due to the discomfort it produces and the associated health risks, it can lead to cancer treatment restrains, such as the need for dose reduction, cycle delays or abandonment. Current mucositis management has low efficiency in prevention and treatment. A topical drug application for a local action can be a more effective approach than systemic routes when addressing oral cavity pathologies. Local delivery of growth factors, antibodies, and anti-inflammatory cytokines have shown promising results. However, due to the peptide and protein nature of these novel agents, and the several anatomic, physiological and environmental challenges of the oral cavity, their local action might be limited when using traditional delivering systems. This review is an awareness of the issues and strategies in the local delivery of macromolecules for the management of oral mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- João C Campos
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal(1).
| | - João D Cunha
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal(1)
| | - Domingos C Ferreira
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal(1)
| | - Salette Reis
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal(1)
| | - Paulo J Costa
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal(1)
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