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Ding C, Wu Y, Zhan C, Naseem A, Chen L, Li H, Yang B, Liu Y. Research progress on the role and inhibitors of Keap1 signaling pathway in inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 141:112853. [PMID: 39159555 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation is a protective mechanism against endogenous and exogenous pathogens. It is a typical feature of numerous chronic diseases and their complications. Keap1 is an essential target in oxidative stress and inflammatory diseases. Among them, the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway (including Keap1-Nrf2-HO-1) is the most significant pathway of Keap1 targets, which participates in the control of inflammation in multiple organs (including renal inflammation, lung inflammation, liver inflammation, neuroinflammation, etc.). Identifying new Keap1 inhibitors is crucial for new drug discovery. However, most drugs have specificity issues as they covalently bind to cysteine residues of Keap1, causing off-target effects. Therefore, direct inhibition of Keap1-Nrf2 PPIs is a new research idea. Through non-electrophilic and non-covalent binding, its inhibitors have better specificity and ability to activate Nrf2, and targeting therapy against Keap1-Nrf2 PPIs has become a new method for drug development in chronic diseases. This review summarizes the members and downstream genes of the Keap1-related pathway and their roles in inflammatory disease models. In addition, we summarize all the research progress of anti-inflammatory drugs targeting Keap1 from 2010 to 2024, mainly describing their biological functions, molecular mechanisms of action, and therapeutic roles in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Ying Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China.
| | - Chaochao Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Anam Naseem
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Lixia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Hua Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Institute of Structural Pharmacology & TCM Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Bingyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China.
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Pázmándi K, Szöllősi AG, Fekete T. The "root" causes behind the anti-inflammatory actions of ginger compounds in immune cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1400956. [PMID: 39007134 PMCID: PMC11239339 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1400956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the most well-known spices and medicinal plants worldwide that has been used since ancient times to treat a plethora of diseases including cold, gastrointestinal complaints, nausea, and migraine. Beyond that, a growing body of literature demonstrates that ginger exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer and neuroprotective actions as well. The beneficial effects of ginger can be attributed to the biologically active compounds of its rhizome such as gingerols, shogaols, zingerone and paradols. Among these compounds, gingerols are the most abundant in fresh roots, and shogaols are the major phenolic compounds of dried ginger. Over the last two decades numerous in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that the major ginger phenolics are able to influence the function of various immune cells including macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells and T cells. Although the mechanism of action of these compounds is not fully elucidated yet, some studies provide a mechanistic insight into their anti-inflammatory effects by showing that ginger constituents are able to target multiple signaling pathways. In the first part of this review, we summarized the current literature about the immunomodulatory actions of the major ginger compounds, and in the second part, we focused on the possible molecular mechanisms that may underlie their anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tünde Fekete
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Pázmándi K, Ágics B, Szöllősi AG, Bácsi A, Fekete T. Ginger-derived bioactive compounds attenuate the Toll-like receptor mediated responses of human dendritic cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 967:176399. [PMID: 38331338 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Ginger has been used for thousands of years for the treatment of many illnesses, from nausea to migraines. Recently, an interest has grown in ginger compounds in the context of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases due to their significant anti-inflammatory effects. Nevertheless, the effects and mechanism of action of these phytochemicals in human immune cells, particularly in dendritic cells (DCs) are unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol, the major compounds found in ginger rhizome, on the functionality of primary human monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs). Here we report for the first time that 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol dampen the immunogenicity of human DCs by inhibiting their activation, cytokine production and T cell stimulatory ability. In particular, the bioactive compounds of ginger dose-dependently inhibited the upregulation of activation markers, and the production of different cytokines in response to synthetic Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. Moreover, both compounds could significantly reduce the Escherichia coli-triggered cytokine production and T cell stimulatory capacity of moDCs. We also provide evidence that the ginger-derived compounds attenuate DC functionality via inhibiting the nuclear factor-κB (NF-kB), mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling cascades. Further, 6-shogaol but not 6-gingerol activates the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) pathways that might contribute to its anti-inflammatory action. Altogether, our results indicate that ginger-derived phytochemicals exert their anti-inflammatory activities via multiple mechanisms and suggest that 6-shogaol is more potent in its ability to suppress DC functionality than 6-gingerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitti Pázmándi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 1 Egyetem Square, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Beatrix Ágics
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 1 Egyetem Square, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary; Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 1 Egyetem Square, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Attila Gábor Szöllősi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 1 Egyetem Square, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Bácsi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 1 Egyetem Square, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tünde Fekete
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 1 Egyetem Square, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
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Ohnishi M, Akagi M, Kotsuki M, Yonemura S, Aokawa H, Yamashita-Ibara M, Yokofujita O, Maehara S, Hata T, Inoue A. Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase is responsible for low stress tolerance after intracerebral hemorrhage. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0273037. [PMID: 36753496 PMCID: PMC9907831 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the chronic phase after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), the aftereffect-associated lowering of motivation burdens many patients; however, the pathogenic mechanism is unclear. Here, we revealed for the first time that indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) expression and enzyme activity are increased in the collagenase-induced murine ICH model. IDO is a rate-limiting enzyme situated at the beginning of the kynurenine pathway and converts tryptophan, a source of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT), to kynurenine. In this study, we showed that IDO is localized in 5-HTergic neurons. After ICH, the synaptosomal 5-HT level decreased, but this effect was neutralized by subcutaneous injections of 1-methyl tryptophan (MT), a specific IDO inhibitor. These results suggest that ICH-induced IDO weakens the activity of 5-HTergic neurons. Accordingly, we next investigated whether the IDO increase contributes to the depression-like behaviors of ICH mice. The immobility times of tail suspension and forced swimming tests were significantly prolonged after ICH but shortened by the administration of 1-MT. In conclusion, the increased IDO after ICH was found to decrease 5-HT levels and subsequently reduce stress tolerance. These findings indicate that IDO is a novel therapeutic target for the ICH aftereffect-associated lowering of motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Ohnishi
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Marina Akagi
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mako Kotsuki
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Seishi Yonemura
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hikari Aokawa
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Maki Yamashita-Ibara
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Osamu Yokofujita
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shoji Maehara
- Department of Physical Chemistry for Bioactive Molecules, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Hata
- Department of Physical Chemistry for Bioactive Molecules, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Atsuko Inoue
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Kamaruddin MSH, Chong GH, Mohd Daud N, Putra NR, Md Salleh L, Suleiman N. Bioactivities and green advanced extraction technologies of ginger oleoresin extracts: A review. Food Res Int 2023; 164:112283. [PMID: 36737895 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Zingiber officinale Roscoe is an excellent source of bioactive compounds, mainly gingerols and shogaols compounds, that associated with various bioactivities including antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antibiofilm. Zingiber officinale Roscoe found its application in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmeceutical industries. The demand for a high quality of ginger oleoresin extracts based on the contents of gingerols and shogaols compounds for a health-benefit has dramatically increased. Various extraction techniques, including the conventional and advanced extraction techniques for gingerols and shogaols have been reported based on the literature data from 2012 to 2022. The present review examines the functional composition and bioactivities of Zingiber officinale Roscoe and the advanced green extraction technologies. Some variations in the quantity and quality of gingerols and shogaols compounds are because of the extraction method employed. This review provides a depth discussion of the various green advanced extraction technologies and the influences of process variables on the performance of the extraction process. Lower temperature with a short exposure time such as ultrasound-assisted and enzyme-assisted extraction, will lead to high quality of extracts with high content of 6-gingerol. High thermal processing, such as microwave-assisted and pressurized liquid extraction, will produce higher 6-shogaol. Meanwhile, supercritical fluid extraction promotes high quality and the safety of extracts by using non-toxic CO2. In addition, challenges and future prospects of the extraction of ginger oleoresin have been identified and discussed. The emerging green extraction methods and technologies show promising results with less energy input and higher quality extracts than conventional extraction methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad Syafiq Hakimi Kamaruddin
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Gun Hean Chong
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Supercritical Fluid Center (SFC), Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Nurizzati Mohd Daud
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Nicky Rahmana Putra
- Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Liza Md Salleh
- Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Norhidayah Suleiman
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Supercritical Fluid Center (SFC), Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Xia S, Zhang M, Liu H, Dong H, Wu N, Wiedermann CJ, Andaluz-Ojeda D, Chen H, Li N. Heme oxygenase-1 as a predictor of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury: a cross-sectional study. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:1177. [PMID: 36467337 PMCID: PMC9708490 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-4793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis patients suffer from severe inflammation and poor prognosis. Oxidative stress and local inflammation that results from sepsis can trigger organ injury, including acute kidney injury (AKI). Previous studies have shown that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is overexpressed in proximal tubular cells under oxidative stress and has significant cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Heme-induced inflammation in sepsis is antagonized by increased tissue expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which impacts on AKI development. The investigators observed intrarenal HO-1 expression and corresponding potential increases in plasma and urinary HO-1 protein concentrations in four different AKI models. Since serum levels of HO-1 reflect HO-1 expression, we aimed to investigate whether serum HO-1 could predict the development of AKI in sepsis patient. METHODS A total of 83 sepsis patients were enrolled in this study including septic patients with AKI and sepsis patients without AKI. According to the definition of septic shock and the global kidney diagnostic criteria described in the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO), patients were allocated to the sepsis and septic shock groups with and without AKI, respectively. The serum levels of HO-1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software. RESULTS There were statistically significant differences between septic patients with AKI and sepsis patients without AKI in terms of Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, hospitalization time, and laboratory indicators including serum HO-1, creatine kinase MB (CK-MB), troponin I (TnI), urea, myoglobin (MYO), serum creatinine (Scr), procalcitonin, and activated partial thromboplastin time. Serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea, MYO, Scr, procalcitonin, activated partial thromboplastin time, and prothrombin time exhibited significant differences among the four groups. The concentration of serum HO-1 was higher in sepsis-induced AKI compared with sepsis patients without AKI. Serum HO-1 levels were increased in patients with sepsis shock-induced AKI. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for serum HO-1 combined with Scr was 0.885 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.761-1.000]. CONCLUSIONS Serum HO-1 is positively correlated with sepsis-induced AKI. These findings suggest that measurement of serum HO-1 may play a diagnostic and prediction role in sepsis-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Xia
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Meishuai Zhang
- Emergency Department, Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Haibin Dong
- Emergency Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Nannan Wu
- Emergency Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Christian J. Wiedermann
- Department of Public Health, Medical Decision Making and HTA, University of Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall, Austria
| | - David Andaluz-Ojeda
- Intensive Care Unit Department, Hospital Universitario HM Sanchinarro, Hospitales Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Huiqing Chen
- Emergency Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Nan Li
- Emergency Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Bi R, Fang Z, You M, He Q, Hu B. Microglia Phenotype and Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Balance of Yin and Yang. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:765205. [PMID: 34720885 PMCID: PMC8549831 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.765205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) features extremely high rates of morbidity and mortality, with no specific and effective therapy. And local inflammation caused by the over-activated immune cells seriously damages the recovery of neurological function after ICH. Fortunately, immune intervention to microglia has provided new methods and ideas for ICH treatment. Microglia, as the resident immune cells in the brain, play vital roles in both tissue damage and repair processes after ICH. The perihematomal activated microglia not only arouse acute inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and cytotoxicity to cause neuron death, but also show another phenotype that inhibit inflammation, clear hematoma and promote tissue regeneration. The proportion of microglia phenotypes determines the progression of brain tissue damage or repair after ICH. Therefore, microglia may be a promising and imperative therapeutic target for ICH. In this review, we discuss the dual functions of microglia in the brain after an ICH from immunological perspective, elaborate on the activation mechanism of perihematomal microglia, and summarize related therapeutic drugs researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rentang Bi
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Fang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingfeng You
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Quanwei He
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Meng XW, He CX, Chen X, Yang XS, Liu C. The extract of Gnaphalium affine D. Don protects against H 2O 2-induced apoptosis by targeting PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway in cardiomyocytes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 268:113579. [PMID: 33189844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gnaphalium affine D. Don is an important Traditional Chinese herbal Medicine (TCM) used to treat hyperuricemia, asthma, rheumatic arthritis, antitussive, expectorant and cardiovascular in folk medicine because of anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential beneficial effect of G. affine extract (GAE) on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced apoptosis and explore the possible underlying mechanism in cardiomyocyte. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ingredients of GAE were isolated and tentatively identified by HPLC-ESI-Q-Qribatrip-MS/MS. The cardioprotective and anti-oxidant effects of GAE were evaluated in the experimental model with H2O2 induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells. H9c2 cells were pretreated for 3 h with or without GAE or with GAE plus PX866 (PI3K inhibitor), then exposed to H2O2 for 6 h, H9c2 cells viability were detected by CCK8 kit, the content of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and intracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured by the commercial biochemical kits, western blotting, immunohistochemical (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays were performed to evaluate the proteins and mRNA expression, propidium iodide (PI) staining was adopted to indicate H9c2 cells apoptosis. RESULTS Firstly, seventeen polyphenols and flavonoids compounds with the characteristics of anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant in GAE were tentatively identified by HPLC-ESI-Q-Qribatrip-MS/MS. In the experimental model, GAE not only significantly improved cells viability, but also showed anti-oxidant effects through improving SOD activity, up-regulating nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and decreasing intracellular concentration of ROS and MDA and the proteins expression of p47phox, p67phox and gp91phox. On the other hand, GAE revealed anti-apoptotic effect through up-regulating the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), down-regulating Bcl2-associated X (BAX) and cleaved-caspase 3. Furthermore, GAE significantly facilitated phosphorylation of AKT and glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) but not AMPK, while the effects were blocked by PX866 (PI3K inhibitor). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggested that GAE showed strong anti-oxidant effect to ameliorate oxidative stress and attenuate apoptosis induced by H2O2 in H9c2 cells by targeting PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Wen Meng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
| | - Can-Xia He
- Institute of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
| | - Xiao-Song Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China.
| | - Chao Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China.
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Ohnishi M, Kai T, Shimizu Y, Yano Y, Urabe Y, Tasaka S, Akagi M, Yamaguchi Y, Inoue A. Gadolinium causes M1 and M2 microglial apoptosis after intracerebral haemorrhage and exerts acute neuroprotective effects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 72:709-718. [PMID: 32037551 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gadolinium (Gd) affects microglial polarization during remyelination. We previously reported that the suppression of proinflammatory microglia was neuroprotective in intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of Gd on microglial polarization and neuronal injury after ICH. METHODS Gadolinium was intraperitoneally administered to ICH mice prepared by an intrastriatal microinjection of collagenase type VII. The polarization of M1, 2a, b and c microglia was evaluated by real-time PCR using the respective markers. Changes in representative mRNAs were also confirmed by immunological methods. Neuroprotective effects were evaluated by counting NeuN-positive cells and a behavioural analysis. KEY FINDINGS One day after ICH, the mRNA levels of proinflammatory M1 microglial markers, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and anti-inflammatory M2 microglial markers, such as arginase1 (M2a, c), Ym1 (M2a), and transforming growth factor-β (M2c), increased, while those of chemokine CCL1 (M2b) only increased after 3 days. Gd decreased the levels of all M1 and M2 markers. Arginase1 and iNOS protein levels also increased, and Gd reduced them due to apoptotic cell death. Gadolinium attenuated oedema, neuron loss, neurological deficits and the mortality rate without affecting haematoma sizes. CONCLUSIONS Gadolinium induced M1 and M2 microglial apoptosis and exerted acute neuroprotective effects after ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Ohnishi
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takao Kai
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuki Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yukino Yano
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuui Urabe
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shunpei Tasaka
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Marina Akagi
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yasunori Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Animal Cell Technology, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Fukuyama University, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Atsuko Inoue
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, Japan
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Han SJ, Kim M, D'Agati VD, Lee HT. 6-Shogaol protects against ischemic acute kidney injury by modulating NF-κB and heme oxygenase-1 pathways. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F743-F756. [PMID: 31313953 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00182.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) due to renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is a major clinical problem without effective therapy. Ginger is one of the most widely consumed spices in the world, and 6-shogaol, a major ginger metabolite, has anti-inflammatory effects in neuronal and epithelial cells. Here, we demonstrate our novel findings that 6-shogaol treatment protected against renal I/R injury with decreased plasma creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and kidney neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin mRNA synthesis compared with vehicle-treated mice subjected to renal I/R. Additionally, 6-shogaol treatment reduced kidney inflammation (decreased proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine synthesis as well as neutrophil infiltration) and apoptosis (decreased TUNEL-positive renal tubular cells) compared with vehicle-treated mice subjected to renal I/R. In cultured human and mouse kidney proximal tubule cells, 6-shogaol significantly attenuated TNF-α-induced inflammatory cytokine and chemokine mRNA synthesis. Mechanistically, 6-shogaol significantly attenuated TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation in human renal proximal tubule cells by reducing IKKαβ/IκBα phosphorylation. Furthermore, 6-shogaol induced a cytoprotective chaperone heme oxygenase (HO)-1 via p38 MAPK activation in vitro and in vivo. Consistent with these findings, pretreatment with the HO-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin IX completely prevented 6-shogaol-mediated protection against ischemic AKI in mice. Taken together, our study showed that 6-shogaol protects against ischemic AKI by attenuating NF-κB activation and inducing HO-1 expression. 6-Shogaol may provide a potential therapy for ischemic AKI during the perioperative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Jun Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Mihwa Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Vivette D D'Agati
- Department of Pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - H Thomas Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York
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