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Zhang B, Wang Y, Yan K, Yang J. Network pharmacology and experimental validation to explore the pharmacological mechanism of saw palmetto and its core ingredients in benign prostatic hyperplasia treatment. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03289-z. [PMID: 39017714 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03289-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a prevalent urological condition that predominantly affects the geriatric male population, resulting in lower urinary tract symptoms. Saw palmetto is a traditional Chinese medicine for treating BPH. This study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic mechanisms of saw palmetto in BPH treatment. The active ingredients and potential targets of saw palmetto were obtained through the TCMSP database. BPH-related targets were retrieved from the GeneCards database. PPI, GO, and KEEG analyses were performed to predict the potential therapeutic mechanism. The active ingredient-common target and common target-pathway networks were constructed by Cytoscape software. Molecular docking and cellular experiments were carried out to further validate the potential mechanism. We obtained 13 active components in saw palmetto and 56 common targets in BPH treatment. KEEG analysis showed that the estrogen signaling pathway was the most enriched and exhibited a close association with BPH. PPI analysis, along with ingredient-target and target-pathway network analyses, indicated that stigmasterol was the core ingredient and PGR, NCOA1, and NCOA2 were identified as the hub genes mediating the effects of saw palmetto against BPH. In addition, molecular docking showed that stigmasterol had strong binding to PGR, NCOA1, and NCOA2. Cellular experiments revealed that stigmasterol significantly increased the percentage of BPH-1 cells in the G0/G1 phase and inhibited cell viability and division. Furthermore, it notably reduced the expression of PGR, NCOA1, and NCOA2. Saw palmetto might inhibit cell viability and division by suppressing the expression of PGR, NCOA1, and NCOA2, thereby playing a therapeutic role in treating BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Research and Development Center, Shaanxi Prispex SFE Co., Ltd., Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yiying Wang
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Kunping Yan
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiangang Yang
- Scientific Research Department, Shaanxi Pharmaceutical Holding Pharmaceutical Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi'an, 710075, Shaanxi, China
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Yang X, She X, Zhao Z, Ren J, Wang P, Dong H, Zhao QS, Liu J. In vitro and vivo anti-tumor activity and mechanisms of the new cryptotanshinone derivative 11 against hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 971:176522. [PMID: 38522640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Global burden of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing. Chemotherapy and immunotherapy are the prevailing options for therapy. Developing new therapeutic strategies for HCC patients is still highly desirable. Recent studies demonstrate that cryptotanshinone is capable of inhibiting tumor growth in HCC and induces antitumor immunity in vitro. In our previous research, we discovered a new cryptotanshinone derivative 11 as an effective immunoregulatory enzyme indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitor. This study aims to evaluate its in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity against hepatocellular carcinoma. 11 displayed robust anti-proliferative activity against HCC cell lines and promoted apoptosis of HCC cell line through the mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathway. In H22 tumor-bearing mice models, 11 exhibited significant in vivo anti-tumor activity with different administration routes. And no obvious toxicity was observed. RNA-seq analysis demonstrated the differential expressed genes and alteration of key pathways associated with immune responses after administration of 11. Up-regulation of anti-tumor cytokines and down-regulation of cytokines that promote tumor growth were indicated and further validated. Our study demonstrates that 11 exhibits promising anti-tumor activity both in vitro and in vivo against hepatocellular carcinoma cancer. It is a lead compound for HCC immunotherapy and is worthy for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinni Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Xianlan She
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Zhishuang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jian Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Peiying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Haoqi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qin-Shi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
| | - Jiangxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
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He Q, Xu C, Guo J, Chen Y, Huang N, Chen J. Bisphenol A exposure stimulates prostatic fibrosis via exosome-triggered epithelium changes. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 185:114450. [PMID: 38215961 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis is the pathological basis for the clinical progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Prostatic fibrosis is an important risk factor in patients with BPH who experience lower urinary tract symptoms. Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmental endocrine disruptor (EED) that causes prostate defects. The effects of BPA on the prostate were investigated in this study using mouse and human prostate cell models. BPA-induced mouse prostatic fibrosis is characterized by collagen deposition and an increase in hydroxyproline concentration. Furthermore, BPA-exposed prostatic stromal fibroblasts exosomes promote the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of epithelial cells. High-throughput RNA sequencing and functional enrichment analyses show that substantially altered mRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs play roles in cellular interactions and the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 signaling pathway. The results showed that exosomes participated in the pro-fibrogenic effects of BPA on the prostate by mediating communication between stromal and epithelial cells and triggering epithelial changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqin He
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Congyue Xu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Nianfang Huang
- Experimental Center, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jinglou Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
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Liu YC, Wang JW, Li J, Guo Y, Han FJ, Lu WH, Wu Q. Mechanism of cryptotanshinone to improve endocrine and metabolic functions in the endometrium of PCOS rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117346. [PMID: 37879506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cryptotanshinone is the main bioactive component of Salvia miltiorrhiza, with various mechanisms of action, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular protection, neuroprotection, and hepatoprotection. Salvia miltiorrhiza is used clinically by gynecologists in China. AIM OF THE STUDY Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has a significant impact on women's quality of life, leading to infertility and reproductive disorders. Hence, this study aims to assess the pharmacological activity of cryptotanshinone in the treatment of PCOS and investigate its therapeutic mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) combined with insulin is used to simulate a PCOS-like rat model and attempt to discover the abnormal changes that occur and the means by which the pathway acts in this model. RESULTS The transcriptome sequencing method is used to identify 292 differential genes that undergo significant changes, of which 219 were upregulated and 73 were downregulated. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of the signaling pathways reveals that differential expressed genes are significantly enriched in 23 typical pathways. Estrogen signaling pathways are screened in the cryptotanshinone and model groups, and significant differential changes in Fos, ALOX12, and AQP8 are found. This suggests that these signaling pathways and molecules may be the main signaling targets for regulating the differences in endometrial tissue. CONCLUSION These results indicate that cryptotanshinone has targets for regulating the proliferation of endometrial tissue via estrogen signaling pathways in PCOS-like rats, providing an experimental basis for the clinical application of cryptotanshinone in the treatment of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chao Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China; Harbin Institute of Technology Hospital, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Jun-Wen Wang
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Jia Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.26, Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Ying Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.26, Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Feng-Juan Han
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.26, Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Wei-Hong Lu
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
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Wei P, Lin D, Luo C, Zhang M, Deng B, Cui K, Chen Z. High glucose promotes benign prostatic hyperplasia by downregulating PDK4 expression. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17910. [PMID: 37863991 PMCID: PMC10589318 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44954-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
As men age, a growing number develop benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). According to previous research, diabetes may be a risk factor. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) is closely related to glucose metabolism and plays a role in the onset and progression of numerous illnesses. This study aimed to determine the direct effects of high glucose environment on prostate epithelial cells, in particular by altering PDK4 expression levels. In this investigation, normal prostatic epithelial cells (RWPE-1) and human benign prostatic hyperplasia epithelial cells (BPH-1) were treated with 50 mM glucose to show the alteration of high glucose in prostate cells. PDK4-target siRNA, PDK4-expression plasmid were used to investigate the effects of PDK4. Rosiglitazone (RG), a PPARγ agonist, with the potential to up-regulate PDK4 expression was also used for treating prostate cells. The expression of PDK4 in human prostate samples was also analyzed. The effects of high glucose therapy on BPH-1 and RWPE-1 cells were demonstrated to enhance proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), suppress apoptosis, and down-regulate PDK4 expression. Additionally, diabetes-related BPH patients had reduced PDK4 expression. Following the application of PDK4-target siRNA, a comparable outcome was seen. The PDK4-expression plasmid therapy, however, produced the opposite results. RG with the ability to elevate PDK4 expression might be used to treat BPH. Changes in the metabolism of lipids and glucose may be the cause of these consequences. These findings showed that high glucose treatment might facilitate BPH development, and may be related to the down-regulation of PDK4. PDK4 might be a potential therapeutic target of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Wei
- Department and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Dongxu Lin
- Department and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Changcheng Luo
- Department and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Mengyang Zhang
- Department and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Bolang Deng
- Department and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Kai Cui
- Department and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
- Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Ma M, Bao T, Li J, Cao L, Yu B, Hu J, Cheng H, Tian Z. Cryptotanshinone affects HFL-1 cells proliferation by inhibiting cytokines secretion in RAW264.7 cells and ameliorates inflammation and fibrosis in newborn rats with hyperoxia induced lung injury. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1192370. [PMID: 37560477 PMCID: PMC10407416 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1192370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common complication of prematurity and has no specific treatment option. Moreover, inflammation and fibrosis play a vital role in the development of BPD. Thus, this study aimed to explore the role of the anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic drug cryptotanshinone (CTS) in the treatment of inflammation and fibrosis in BPD. Methods: In vivo, Sprague-Dawley rats (male) were divided into air, hyperoxia and CTS groups with different dose interventions (7.5, 15, and 30 mg/kg). A BPD rat model was induced by continuous inhalation of hyperoxia (95%) for 7 days, during which different doses of CTS were injected intraperitoneally. Furthermore, histological examination, hydroxyproline content measurement, Western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the levels of inflammation and fibrosis in the tissues. RAW264.7 cells exposed to 95% oxygen were collected and co-cultured with fibroblasts to determine the expression levels of α-SMA, collagen-Ⅰ and MMPs. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and pro-fibrotic factor TGF-β1 in the supernatants were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Haematoxylin and eosin staining revealed that CTS reduced the inflammatory response in rat lungs. Masson staining revealed that CTS alleviated the level of pulmonary fibrosis. CTS also reduced the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and TGF-β1 along with the expression of the fibrosis marker α-SMA in lung tissue. Similarly, in vitro analysis revealed that CTS decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and TGF-β1 expressed in RAW 264.7 cells, and reduced α-SMA, collagen-Ⅰ, MMPs concentrations in HFL-1 cells co-cultured with the supernatant of RAW264.7 cells after hyperoxia. Conclusion: CTS can attenuate the hyperoxia-induced inflammatory response and the level of fibrosis by regulating the levels of inflammatory factors and fibrotic factor TGF-β1 expressed by macrophages, thereby highlighting the therapeutic potential of CTS in the treatment of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Huaiping Cheng
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaofang Tian
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
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