1
|
Markowicz-Piasecka M, Darłak P, Markiewicz A, Sikora J, Kumar Adla S, Bagina S, Huttunen KM. Current approaches to facilitate improved drug delivery to the central nervous system. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 181:249-262. [PMID: 36372271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Although many pharmaceuticals have therapeutic potentials for central nervous system (CNS) diseases, few of these agents have been effectively administered. It is due to the fact that the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSF) restrict them from crossing the brain to exert biological activity. This article reviews the current approaches aiming to improve penetration across these barriers for effective drug delivery to the CNS. These issues are summarized into direct systemic delivery and invasive delivery, including the BBB disruption and convection enhanced delivery. Furthermore, novel drug delivery systems used at the nanoscale, including polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, nanoemulsions, dendrimers, and micelles are discussed. These nanocarriers could contribute to a breakthrough in the treatment of many different CNS diseases. However, further broadened studies are needed to assess the biocompatibility and safety of these medical devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Markowicz-Piasecka
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Patrycja Darłak
- Students Research Group, Laboratory of Bioanalysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Agata Markiewicz
- Students Research Group, Laboratory of Bioanalysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Joanna Sikora
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Santosh Kumar Adla
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, POB 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry (IOCB), Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Namesti 542/2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Sreelatha Bagina
- Charles River Discovery Research Services Finland Oy, Neulaniementie 4, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kristiina M Huttunen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, POB 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Freeze-drying: A Flourishing Strategy to Fabricate Stable Pharmaceutical and Biological Products. Int J Pharm 2022; 628:122233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
3
|
Medina-Alarcón KP, Tobias da Silva IP, Ferin GG, Pereira-da-Silva MA, Marcos CM, Dos Santos MB, Regasini LO, Chorilli M, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Pavan FR, Fusco-Almeida AM. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Formation and Treatment of Mixed Biofilm In Vitro. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:681131. [PMID: 34790584 PMCID: PMC8591247 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.681131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, present in 20% in Latin America, is a public health problem due to a lack of adequate diagnosis. These microorganisms are capable of forming biofilms, mainly in immunocompromised patients, which can lead to death due to the lack of effective treatment for both diseases. The present research aims to show for the first time the formation of mixed biofilms of M. tuberculosis and P. brasiliensis (Pb18) in vitro, as well as to evaluate the action of 3’hydroxychalcone (3’chalc) -loaded nanoemulsion (NE) (NE3’chalc) against monospecies and mixed biofilms, the formation of mixed biofilms of M. tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294), 40Rv (clinical strains) and P. brasiliensis (Pb18) (ATCC 32069), and the first condition of formation (H37Rv +Pb18) and (40Rv + Pb18) and second condition of formation (Pb18 + H37Rv) with 45 days of total formation time under both conditions. The results of mixed biofilms (H37Rv + Pb18) and (40Rv + Pb18), showed an organized network of M. tuberculosis bacilli in which P. brasiliensis yeasts are connected with a highly extracellular polysaccharide matrix. The (Pb18 + H37Rv) showed a dense biofilm with an apparent predominance of P. brasiliensis and fragments of M. tuberculosis. PCR assays confirmed the presence of the microorganisms involved in this formation. The characterization of NE and NE3’chalc displayed sizes from 145.00 ± 1.05 and 151.25 ± 0.60, a polydispersity index (PDI) from 0.20± 0.01 to 0.16± 0.01, and zeta potential -58.20 ± 0.92 mV and -56.10 ± 0.71 mV, respectively. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) results showed lamellar structures characteristic of NE. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 3’hidroxychalcone (3’chalc) range from 0.97- 7.8 µg/mL and NE3’chalc from 0.24 - 3.9 µg/mL improved the antibacterial activity when compared with 3’chalc-free, no cytotoxicity. Antibiofilm assays proved the efficacy of 3’chalc-free incorporation in NE. These findings contribute to a greater understanding of the formation of M. tuberculosis and P. brasiliensis in the mixed biofilm. In addition, the findings present a new possible NE3’chalc treatment alternative for the mixed biofilms of these microorganisms, with a high degree of relevance due to the lack of other treatments for these comorbidities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaila Petronila Medina-Alarcón
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Iara Pengo Tobias da Silva
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Giovana Garcia Ferin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Pereira-da-Silva
- Institute of Physics of Sao Carlos (IFSC)-University of Sao Paulo (USP) IFSC/USP, Sao Carlos, Brazil.,Exact Sciences and Engineering, Paulista Central University Center (UNICEP), Säo Carlos, Brazil
| | - Caroline Maria Marcos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Mariana Bastos Dos Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Luis Octávio Regasini
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- Department of Drug and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Maria José S Mendes-Giannini
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Fernando Rogerio Pavan
- Department of Biological, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
dos Santos Ramos MA, dos Santos KC, da Silva PB, de Toledo LG, Marena GD, Rodero CF, de Camargo BAF, Fortunato GC, Bauab TM, Chorilli M. Nanotechnological strategies for systemic microbial infections treatment: A review. Int J Pharm 2020; 589:119780. [PMID: 32860856 PMCID: PMC7449125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Systemic infections is one of the major causes of mortality worldwide, and a shortage of drug approaches applied for the rapid and necessary treatment contribute to increase the levels of death in affected patients. Several drug delivery systems based in nanotechnology such as metallic nanoparticles, liposomes, nanoemulsion, microemulsion, polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, dendrimers, hydrogels and liquid crystals can contribute in the biological performance of active substances for the treatment of microbial diseases triggered by fungi, bacteria, virus and parasites. In the presentation of these statements, this review article present and demonstrate the effectiveness of these drug delivery systems for the treatment of systemic diseases caused by several microorganisms, through a review of studies on scientific literature worldwide that contributes to better information for the most diverse professionals from the areas of health sciences. The studies demonstrated that the drug delivery systems described can contribute to the therapeutic scenario of these diseases, being classified as safe, active platforms and with therapeutic versatility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Aparecido dos Santos Ramos
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campus Araraquara, São Paulo State Zip Code: 14.800-903, Brazil,Corresponding authors
| | - Karen Cristina dos Santos
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campus Araraquara, São Paulo State Zip Code: 14.800-903, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Bento da Silva
- Department of Genetic and Morphology, Brasília University (UNB), Institute of Biological Sciences, Zip Code: 70735100, Brazil
| | - Luciani Gaspar de Toledo
- Department of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campus Araraquara, São Paulo State Zip Code: 14.800-903, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Davi Marena
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campus Araraquara, São Paulo State Zip Code: 14.800-903, Brazil
| | - Camila Fernanda Rodero
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campus Araraquara, São Paulo State Zip Code: 14.800-903, Brazil
| | - Bruna Almeida Furquim de Camargo
- Department of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campus Araraquara, São Paulo State Zip Code: 14.800-903, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Capaldi Fortunato
- Department of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campus Araraquara, São Paulo State Zip Code: 14.800-903, Brazil
| | - Taís Maria Bauab
- Department of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campus Araraquara, São Paulo State Zip Code: 14.800-903, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campus Araraquara, São Paulo State Zip Code: 14.800-903, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Medina-Alarcón KP, L Singulani JD, Dutra LA, S Pitangui ND, Pereira-da-Silva MA, Dos Santos MB, Ayusso GM, Regasini LO, Soares CP, Chorilli M, Mendes-Giannini MJ, Fusco-Almeida AM. Antifungal activity of 2'-hydroxychalcone loaded in nanoemulsion against Paracoccidioides spp. Future Microbiol 2020; 15:21-33. [PMID: 32043361 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the activity of 2'-hydroxychalcone-loaded in nanoemulsion (NLS + 2'chalc), the cytotoxic effect and toxicity against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Paracoccidioides lutzii using a zebrafish model. Materials & methods: Preparation and physical-chemical characterization of nanoemulsion (NLS) and NLS + 2'chalc were performed. MIC and minimum fungicide concentration, cytotoxicity and toxicity were also evaluated in the Danio rerio model. Results: NLS + 2'chalc showed fungicidal activity against Paracoccidioides spp. without cytotoxicity in MRC5 and HepG2 lines. It also had high selectivity index values and no toxicity in the zebrafish model based on MIC values. Conclusion: NLS + 2'chalc is a potential new alternative treatment for paracoccidioidomycosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaila P Medina-Alarcón
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Proteomics Center, Mycology Laboratory, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Junya de L Singulani
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Proteomics Center, Mycology Laboratory, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz A Dutra
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Research Institute-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Nayla de S Pitangui
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Proteomics Center, Mycology Laboratory, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Pereira-da-Silva
- Institute of Physics of Sao Carlos, IFSC/USP, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil.,Paulista Central University Center, UNICEP, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana B Dos Santos
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas, São José do Rio Preto, Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Gabriela M Ayusso
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas, São José do Rio Preto, Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Luis O Regasini
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas, São José do Rio Preto, Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Christiane P Soares
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Department of Clinical Analysis, Cytology Laboratory, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Department of Drugs and Medicines, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Js Mendes-Giannini
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Proteomics Center, Mycology Laboratory, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana M Fusco-Almeida
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Proteomics Center, Mycology Laboratory, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Medina-Alarcón KP, Singulani JL, Voltan AR, Sardi JCO, Petrônio MS, Santos MB, Polaquini CR, Regasini LO, Bolzani VS, da Silva DHS, Chorilli M, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Fusco-Almeida AM. Alkyl Protocatechuate-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Systems as a Treatment Strategy for Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Paracoccidioides lutzii In Vitro. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1048. [PMID: 28659880 PMCID: PMC5466964 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Dodecyl protocatechuate (dodecyl) is a derivative of protocatechuic acid (3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid) that possesses anti-oxidant and antifungal properties. Nanostructured lipid systems (NLS) can potentiate the action of many antifungal agents, reducing the required dose and side effects by improving their activity. This work aimed to evaluate dodecyl protocatechuate loaded into a NLS (NLS+dodecyl) as a strategy for the treatment of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and P. lutzii in vitro. Antifungal activity against P. brasiliensis and P. lutzii was evaluated using the microdilution technique. NLS+dodecyl showed high antifungal activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration ranging from 0.06 to 0.03 μg/mL; 4- to 16-fold higher than that of free dodecyl. NLS+dodecyl was able to inhibit fungal adhesion of the extracellular artificial matrix proteins (laminin and fibronectin), resulting in 82.4 and 81% inhibition, respectively, an increase of 8–17% compared with free dodecyl. These findings corroborate previous results demonstrating 65 and 74% inhibition of fungal adhesion in pulmonary fibroblast cells by dodecyl and NLS+dodecyl, respectively, representing a 9% increase in inhibition for NLS+dodecyl. Subsequently, cytotoxicity was evaluated using the 0.4% sulforhodamine B assay. NLS+dodecyl did not exhibit cytotoxicity in MRC5 (human pneumocyte) and HepG2 (human hepatic carcinoma) cells, thus increasing the selectivity index for NLS+dodecyl. In addition, cytotoxicity was evaluated in vivo using the Caenorhabditis elegans model; neither dodecyl nor NLS+dodecyl exhibited any toxic effects. Taken together, these results suggest that NLS can be used as a strategy to improve the activity of dodecyl against P. brasiliensis and P. lutzii because it improves antifungal activity, increases the inhibition of fungal adhesion in lung cells and the extracellular matrix in vitro, and does not exhibit any toxicity both in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaila P Medina-Alarcón
- Mycology Laboratory and Nucleus of Proteomics, Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State UniversityAraraquara, Brazil
| | - Junya L Singulani
- Mycology Laboratory and Nucleus of Proteomics, Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State UniversityAraraquara, Brazil
| | - Aline R Voltan
- Mycology Laboratory and Nucleus of Proteomics, Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State UniversityAraraquara, Brazil
| | - Janaina C O Sardi
- Mycology Laboratory and Nucleus of Proteomics, Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State UniversityAraraquara, Brazil
| | - Maicon S Petrônio
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio PretoAraraquara, Brazil
| | - Mariana B Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio PretoAraraquara, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Polaquini
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio PretoAraraquara, Brazil
| | - Luis O Regasini
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio PretoAraraquara, Brazil
| | - Vanderlan S Bolzani
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State UniversityAraraquara, Brazil
| | - Dulce H S da Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State UniversityAraraquara, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Medicines, São Paulo State UniversityAraraquara, Brazil
| | - Maria J S Mendes-Giannini
- Mycology Laboratory and Nucleus of Proteomics, Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State UniversityAraraquara, Brazil
| | - Ana M Fusco-Almeida
- Mycology Laboratory and Nucleus of Proteomics, Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State UniversityAraraquara, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Morais ARDV, Alencar ÉDN, Xavier Júnior FH, Oliveira CMD, Marcelino HR, Barratt G, Fessi H, Egito ESTD, Elaissari A. Freeze-drying of emulsified systems: A review. Int J Pharm 2016; 503:102-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
8
|
Pestana KC, Formariz TP, Franzini CM, Sarmento VHV, Chiavacci LA, Scarpa MV, Egito EST, Oliveira AG. Oil-in-water lecithin-based microemulsions as a potential delivery system for amphotericin B. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2008; 66:253-9. [PMID: 18676122 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2008.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2008] [Revised: 06/25/2008] [Accepted: 06/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this work the structural features of microemulsions (MEs) containing the pharmaceutical biocompatible Soya phosphatidylcholine/Tween 20 (1:1) as surfactant (S), Captex 200 as oil phase (O), and phosphate buffer 10mM, pH 7.2 as aqueous phase (W) were studied. Systems obtained with different proportions of the components were described by pseudo-ternary phase diagrams in order to characterize the microemulsions studied here. MEs were prepared with and without the polyene antifungal drug amphotericin B (AmB). The maximum AmB incorporation into the ME system was dependent on both the oil phase and surfactant proportions with 6.80 and 5.7 mg/mL in high contents, respectively. The incorporation of AmB into the ME systems significantly increased the profile of the droplet size of the ME for all ranges of surfactant proportions used in the formulations. The microstructures of the system were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and rheological behavior. The DLS results showed that the size of the oil droplets increases 4.6-fold when AmB is incorporated into the ME system. In all cases the increase in the proportion of the oil phase of the ME leads to a slight increase in the diameter of the oil droplets of the system. Furthermore, for both the AmB-loaded and AmB-unloaded MEs, the size of the oil droplets decrease significantly with the increase of the S proportion in the formulations, demonstrating the efficiency of the surfactant in stabilizing the ME. Depending on the ME composition, an anti-thixotropic behavior was found. The maximum increases of the consistency index caused by the increase of the oil phase of the ME were of 17- and 25-times for the drug-loaded and drug-unloaded MEs, respectively. However, the observed effect for the drug-loaded ME was about 4.6 times higher than that for the drug-unloaded one, demonstrating the strong effect of the drug on the rheological characteristics of the ME system. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that the investigated ME can be used as a very promising vehicle for AmB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K C Pestana
- Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP, Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú km 01, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Torrado JJ, Espada R, Ballesteros MP, Torrado-Santiago S. Amphotericin B Formulations and Drug Targeting. J Pharm Sci 2008; 97:2405-25. [PMID: 17893903 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Amphotericin B is a low-soluble polyene antibiotic which is able to self-aggregate. The aggregation state can modify its activity and pharmacokinetical characteristics. In spite of its high toxicity it is still widely employed for the treatment of systemic fungal infections and parasitic disease and different formulations are marketed. Some of these formulations, such as liposomal formulations, can be considered as classical examples of drug targeting. The pharmacokinetics, toxicity and activity are clearly dependent on the type of amphotericin B formulation. New drug delivery systems such as liposomes, nanospheres and microspheres can result in higher concentrations of AMB in the liver and spleen, but lower concentrations in kidney and lungs, so decreasing its toxicity. Moreover, the administration of these drug delivery systems can enhance the drug accessibility to organs and tissues (e.g., bone marrow) otherwise inaccessible to the free drug. During the last few years, new AMB formulations (AmBisome, Abelcet, and Amphotec) with an improved efficacy/toxicity ratio have been marketed. This review compares the different formulations of amphotericin B in terms of pharmacokinetics, toxicity and activity and discusses the possible drug targeting effect of some of these new formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J J Torrado
- Dpto Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Espada R, Valdespina S, Dea MA, Molero G, Ballesteros MP, Bolás F, Torrado JJ. In vivo distribution and therapeutic efficacy of a novel amphotericin B poly-aggregated formulation. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008; 61:1125-31. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkn048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
11
|
Yagima Odo ME, Cucé LC, Odo LM, Natrielli A. Action of sodium deoxycholate on subcutaneous human tissue: local and systemic effects. Dermatol Surg 2007; 33:178-88; discussion 188-9. [PMID: 17300603 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2006.33036.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphatidylcholine injections have been used as a nonsurgical alternative to the surgical removal of undesired fat. Studies in cell culture suggest that sodium deoxycholate (SD) has a detergent action in fat reduction. OBJECTIVE The objective was to study SD in subcutaneous human tissue. METHODS AND MATERIALS Thirty volunteers underwent four sessions of subcutaneous abdominal injections of diluted 2.5 or 1% SD stock solutions or placebo. Clinical, hematologic, and ultrasonographic evaluations were performed for 3 months and histology at 3 and 6 months. RESULTS Both concentrations of SD induced an inflammatory response at the injection site, with dose-dependent adipocyte lysis. Patients reported mild, localized heat, erythema, swelling, and intense pain. Microscopic evaluation revealed necrosis of adipose tissue with adipocyte lysis, fat dissolution, acute lymphomononuclear inflammatory reaction, and intense phagocytosis of fat cells by macrophages. Fibrosis was observed only at the 6-month biopsy. Nodules at the injection sites, compatible with areas of inflammation, were detected by ultrasonography 2 weeks after the first injection. Placebo injections induced no histologic changes. CONCLUSIONS SD induces an inflammatory reaction in subcutaneous human fat and dose-dependent adipocyte lysis with acute pain and fibrosis. No systemic effects were detected. Further studies will establish the best dose-result ratio, frequency of application, and long-term safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Emiko Yagima Odo
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Santo Amaro, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Action of Sodium Deoxycholate on Subcutaneous Human Tissue. Dermatol Surg 2007. [DOI: 10.1097/00042728-200702000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
13
|
Yoo BK, Miah MAJ, Lee ES, Han K. Synthesis of decapeptide ofl-aspartic acid and benzyl-l-aspartic acid by solid phase peptide synthesis. Arch Pharm Res 2005; 28:756-60. [PMID: 16114487 DOI: 10.1007/bf02977338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Polyene macrolide amphotericin B (AmB) is the drug of choice for the treatment of disseminated fungal infections. However, because of its pronounced side effects, the drug has limited applicability. There are few interesting reports, which state that co-administration of the drug with homo-peptide of polyaspartic acid reduces the side effects of the drug. In our present study, an approach has been made to systematically synthesize low molecular weight heteropeptides consisting of L-aspartic acid and its derivative. It was hypothesized that such heteropeptides will reduce the toxic side effects of the drug by facile hydrophobic binding between the polymer and the drug. We have employed the strategy of solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) to synthesize low molecular weight hetero-peptides by using L-aspartic acid and benzyl-L-aspartic acid to induce the hydrophobic binding between the peptide and the drug. In future, the proposed methodology can be employed to tailor other polypeptides substituted with benzyl groups to reduce the nephrotoxicity of AmB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bong K Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Kyungsan, Kyungbuk, 712-749, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|