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Fandaruff C, Quirós-Fallas MI, Vega-Baudrit JR, Navarro-Hoyos M, Lamas DG, Araya-Sibaja AM. Saquinavir-Piperine Eutectic Mixture: Preparation, Characterization, and Dissolution Profile. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2446. [PMID: 37896206 PMCID: PMC10609941 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The dissolution rate of the anti-HIV drug saquinavir base (SQV), a poorly water-soluble and extremely low absolute bioavailability drug, was improved through a eutectic mixture formation approach. A screening based on a liquid-assisted grinding technique was performed using a 1:1 molar ratio of the drug and the coformers sodium saccharinate, theobromine, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, vanillin, vanillic acid, and piperine (PIP), followed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Given that SQV-PIP was the only resulting eutectic system from the screening, both the binary phase and the Tammann diagrams were adapted to this system using DSC data of mixtures prepared from 0.1 to 1.0 molar ratios in order to determine the exact eutectic composition. The SQV-PIP system formed a eutectic at a composition of 0.6 and 0.40, respectively. Then, a solid-state characterization through DSC, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), including small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements to explore the small-angle region in detail, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and a powder dissolution test were performed. The conventional PXRD analyses suggested that the eutectic mixture did not exhibit structural changes; however, the small-angle region explored through the SAXS instrument revealed a change in the crystal structure of one of their components. FT-IR spectra showed no molecular interaction in the solid state. Finally, the dissolution profile of SQV in the eutectic mixture was different from the dissolution of pure SQV. After 45 min, approximately 55% of the drug in the eutectic mixture was dissolved, while, for pure SQV, 42% dissolved within this time. Hence, this study concludes that the dissolution rate of SQV can be effectively improved through the approach of using PIP as a coformer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinira Fandaruff
- Instituto de Tecnologías Emergentes y Ciencias Aplicadas (ITECA), UNSAM-CONICET, Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Laboratorio de Cristalografía Aplicada, Av. 25 de Mayo 1169, San Martín 1650, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina;
| | - María Isabel Quirós-Fallas
- Laboratorio Nacional de Nanotecnología, LANOTEC-CeNAT-CONARE, San José 1174-1200, Costa Rica; (M.I.Q.-F.); (J.R.V.-B.)
- Laboratorio Biodess, Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José 2060, Costa Rica;
| | - José Roberto Vega-Baudrit
- Laboratorio Nacional de Nanotecnología, LANOTEC-CeNAT-CONARE, San José 1174-1200, Costa Rica; (M.I.Q.-F.); (J.R.V.-B.)
| | - Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos
- Laboratorio Biodess, Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José 2060, Costa Rica;
| | - Diego German Lamas
- Instituto de Tecnologías Emergentes y Ciencias Aplicadas (ITECA), UNSAM-CONICET, Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Laboratorio de Cristalografía Aplicada, Av. 25 de Mayo 1169, San Martín 1650, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina;
| | - Andrea Mariela Araya-Sibaja
- Laboratorio Nacional de Nanotecnología, LANOTEC-CeNAT-CONARE, San José 1174-1200, Costa Rica; (M.I.Q.-F.); (J.R.V.-B.)
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Yarlagadda DL, Anand VSK, Nair AR, Dengale SJ, Pandiyan S, Mehta CH, Manandhar S, Nayak UY, Bhat K. A computational-based approach to fabricate Ceritinib co-amorphous system using a novel co-former Rutin for bioavailability enhancement. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 190:220-230. [PMID: 37524214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we used molecular simulations to design Ceritinib (CRT) co-amorphous materials (CAMs) with concurrent improvement in solubility and bioavailability. Computational modeling enabled us to select the co-former by estimating the binding energy and intermolecular interactions. Rutin (RTH) was selected as a co-former for CRT CAMs using the solvent evaporation method to anticipate simultaneous improvement of solubility and bioavailability. The solid state characterization using DSC, XRPD, FT-IR, and a significant shift in Gordon Taylor experimental Tg values of co-amorphous materials revealed single amorphous phase formation and intermolecular interactions between CRT and RTH. The co-amorphous materials exhibited physical stability for up to 4 months under dry conditions (40 °C). Further, co-amorphous materials maintained the supersaturation for 24 hrs and improved solubility as well as dissolution of CRT. CRT:RTH 1:1 CAMs improved the permeability of CRT by 2 fold, estimated by employing the everted gut sac method. The solubility advantage of CAMs was also reflected in pharmacokinetic parameters, with a 3.1-fold and 2-fold improvement of CRT:RTH 2:1 in CRT exposure (AUC 0-t) and plasma concentration (Cmax) compared to the physical mixture, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dani Lakshman Yarlagadda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
| | - Vullendula Sai Krishna Anand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
| | - Athira R Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
| | - Swapnil J Dengale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Changsari 781101, India.
| | | | - Chetan H Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
| | - Suman Manandhar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, India.
| | - Usha Y Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
| | - Krishnamurthy Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
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In vitro and ex vivo evaluation of bi-layered effervescent microenvironmental pH modifying buccal films with saquinavir. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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4
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Fandaruff C, Caon T, Araya-Sibaja AM, Rauber GS, Silva MAS, Simões CMO, de Campos CEM, Bortoluzzi AJ, Resende JALC, Cuffini SL. A New Saquinavir Mesylate-Sodium Decyl Sulfate Salt Discovered by Serendipity during an Anomalous Dissolution Test. Pharm Res 2022; 39:189-200. [PMID: 35064418 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03167-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To understand the anomalous behavior of Saquinavir Mesylate (SQVM) in sodium decyl sulfate (SDS) medium during a dissolution test through a crystallographic analysis of the crystal obtained. As a result, it will be possible to elucidate its crystal structure and carry out a complete solid-state characterization of the API. METHODS The solid form obtained was characterized by a structural analysis through X-ray single crystal and powder diffraction. The crystallographic structures of the new salt and the SQVM were compared. In addition, a complete solid-state characterization of SQVM raw material was carried out by techniques such as diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and a dissolution method. RESULTS A new salt consisting of SQVM and SDS was crystallized and its crystal structure was elucidated and reported herein for the first time. The anionic part of SDS interacts with the cationic segment of SQVM to obtain a new salt designated as SQV-DS, which precipitates. The main difference between the two structures occurs in the c-axis expansion, which increases from 15.966 (5) to 21.1924 (14), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Some of the strategies to enhance the dissolution rate of poorly aqueous soluble APIs include the use of surfactants such as SDS in the dissolution medium, as well as in the formulated products. However, there have been constant reports of a dissolution rate slowdown by some surfactants. The interaction mechanisms between the APIs and the dissolution medium containing surfactants need to be carefully investigated in current pharmaceutical formulations. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinira Fandaruff
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, UFSC Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, s/n Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Caon
- Laboratório de Farmacotécnica e Cosmetologia, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Schneider Rauber
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, UFSC Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, s/n Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Marcos Antônio Segatto Silva
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, UFSC Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, s/n Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Maria Oliveira Simões
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Adailton João Bortoluzzi
- Laboratório de Bioinorgânica e Cristalografia, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Silvia Lucia Cuffini
- Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Ciências dos Materiais, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São José dos Campos, Brazil
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He S, Radeke C, Jacobsen J, Lind JU, Mu H. Multi-material 3D printing of programmable and stretchable oromucosal patches for delivery of saquinavir. Int J Pharm 2021; 610:121236. [PMID: 34748810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oromucosal patches for drug delivery allow fast onset of action and ability to circumvent hepatic first pass metabolism of drugs. While conventional fabrication methods such as solvent casting or hot melt extrusion are ideal for scalable production of low-cost delivery patches, these methods chiefly allow for simple, homogenous patch designs. As alternative, a multi-material direct-ink-write 3D printing for rapid fabrication of complex oromucosal patches with unique design features was demonstrated in the present study. Specifically, three print-materials: an acidic saquinavir-loaded hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ink, an alkaline effervescent sodium carbonate-loaded ink, and a methyl cellulose backing material were combined in various designs. The CO2 content and pH of the microenvironment were controlled by adjusting the number of alkaline layers in the patch. Additionally, the rigid and brittle patches were converted to compliant and stretchable patches by implementing mesh-like designs. Our results illustrate how 3D printing can be used for rapid design and fabrication of multifunctional or customized oromucosal patches with tailored dosages and changed drug permeation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolong He
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carmen Radeke
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Building 423, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jette Jacobsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Ulrik Lind
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Building 423, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Huiling Mu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Emanuelli J, Pagnussat V, Krieser K, Willig J, Buffon A, Kanis LA, Bilatto S, Correa DS, Maito TF, Guterres SS, Pohlmann AR, Külkamp-Guerreiro IC. Polycaprolactone and polycaprolactone triol blends to obtain a stable liquid nanotechnological formulation: synthesis, characterization and in vitro - in vivo taste masking evaluation. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2021; 47:1556-1567. [PMID: 34821528 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2021.2010743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of polymeric blends is a potential strategy to obtain novel nanotechnological formulations aiming at drug delivery systems. Saquinavir, an antiretroviral drug, was chosen as a model drug for the development of new stable liquid formulations with unpleasant taste masking properties. Three formulations containing different polymeric ratios (1:3, 1:1 and 3:1) were prepared and properly characterized by particle size distribution, zeta potential, pH, drug content and encapsulation efficiency measurements. The stability was verified by monitoring the zeta potential, particle size distribution, polydispersity index and drug content by 90 days. The light backscattering analysis was used to early identify possible phenomena of instability in the formulations. The in vitro drug release and saquinavir cytotoxicity were evaluated. The in vitro and in vivo taste masking properties were studied using an electronic tongue and a human sensory panel. All formulations presented nanometric sizes around 200 nm and encapsulation efficiency above 99%. The parameters evaluated for stability remained constant throughout 90 days. The in vitro tests showed a controlled drug release and absence of toxic effects on human T lymphocytes. The electronic tongue experiment showed taste differences for all formulations in comparison to drug solutions, with a more pronounced difference for the formulation with higher polycaprolactone content (3:1). This formulation was chosen for in vivo sensory panel evaluation which results corroborated the electronic tongue experiments. In conclusion, the polymer blend nanoformulation developed herein showed the promising application to incorporate drugs aiming at pharmaceutical taste-masking properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Emanuelli
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Viviane Pagnussat
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Katherine Krieser
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Julia Willig
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andréia Buffon
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luiz A Kanis
- Mestrado em Ciências da Saúde, UNISUL, Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Stanley Bilatto
- Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia para o Agronegócio, Embrapa Instrumentação, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Daniel Souza Correa
- Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia para o Agronegócio, Embrapa Instrumentação, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Thaís F Maito
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sílvia S Guterres
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Adriana R Pohlmann
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Irene C Külkamp-Guerreiro
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Bajaj R, Chong LB, Zou L, Tsakalozou E, Ni Z, Giacomini KM, Kroetz DL. Interaction of Commonly Used Oral Molecular Excipients with P-glycoprotein. AAPS JOURNAL 2021; 23:106. [PMID: 34528148 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-021-00631-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) plays a critical role in drug oral bioavailability, and modulation of this transporter can alter the safety and/or efficacy profile of substrate drugs. Individual oral molecular excipients that inhibit P-gp function have been considered a mechanism for improving drug absorption, but a systematic evaluation of the interaction of excipients with P-gp is critical for informed selection of optimal formulations of proprietary and generic drug products. A library of 123 oral molecular excipients was screened for their ability to inhibit P-gp in two orthogonal cell-based assays. β-Cyclodextrin and light green SF yellowish were identified as modest inhibitors of P-gp with IC50 values of 168 μM (95% CI, 118-251 μM) and 204 μM (95% CI, 5.9-1745 μM), respectively. The lack of effect of most of the tested excipients on P-gp transport provides a wide selection of excipients for inclusion in oral formulations with minimal risk of influencing the oral bioavailability of P-gp substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchika Bajaj
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 1550 4th Street RH584E, San Francisco, California, 94143-2911, USA
| | - Lisa B Chong
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 1550 4th Street RH584E, San Francisco, California, 94143-2911, USA
| | - Ling Zou
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 1550 4th Street RH584E, San Francisco, California, 94143-2911, USA
| | - Eleftheria Tsakalozou
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhanglin Ni
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathleen M Giacomini
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 1550 4th Street RH584E, San Francisco, California, 94143-2911, USA
| | - Deanna L Kroetz
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 1550 4th Street RH584E, San Francisco, California, 94143-2911, USA.
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Jicsinszky L, Martina K, Cravotto G. Cyclodextrins in the antiviral therapy. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021; 64:102589. [PMID: 34035845 PMCID: PMC8135197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The main antiviral drug-cyclodextrin interactions, changes in physicochemical and physiological properties of the most commonly used virucides are summarized. The potential complexation of antiviral molecules against the SARS-Cov2 also pointed out the lack of detailed information in designing effective and general medicines against viral infections. The principal problem of the current molecules is the 3D structures of the currently active compounds. Improving the solubility or bioavailability of antiviral molecules is possible, however, there is no universal solution, and the complexation experiments dominantly use the already approved cyclodextrin derivatives. This review discusses the basic properties of the different cyclodextrin derivatives, their potential in antiviral formulations, and the prevention and treatment of viral infections. The biologically active new cyclodextrin derivatives are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Jicsinszky
- Dept. of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via Giuria 9, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Katia Martina
- Dept. of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via Giuria 9, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Dept. of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via Giuria 9, 10125, Torino, Italy
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He S, Jacobsen J, Nielsen CU, Genina N, Østergaard J, Mu H. Exploration of in vitro drug release testing methods for saquinavir microenvironmental pH modifying buccal films. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 163:105867. [PMID: 33951482 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Buccal films containing a pH modifying excipient may be able to increase bioavailability of drugs with pH-dependent solubility such as saquinavir. Access to suitable in vitro drug release testing methods may facilitate buccal formulation development. This study aimed to explore two release testing methods for characterising buccal films and to elucidate the relationship between microenvironmental pH (pHM, i.e. the pH around the swelling films) and saquinavir release. The Franz diffusion cell method was applicable to investigate the effect of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) grade on saquinavir release. Films containing HPMC K3 LV had a faster saquinavir release than films containing HPMC K100 LV. A UV/Vis imaging method was developed to visualise saquinavir release and pHM changes during the initial dissolution. Within 5 min, the pHM decreased from 6.8 to around 5.4 for HPMC K100 LV-based films containing 11.1 % or 16.6 % (w/w) malic acid. Subsequently, the pHM increased due to increasing concentrations of saquinavir. An increase in malic acid content led to a faster saquinavir release. The combination of methods may be broadly applicable for excipient screening in development of buccal formulations. The imaging approach holds promise for characterizing other pH modifying formulation principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolong He
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jette Jacobsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten Uhd Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Natalja Genina
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Østergaard
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Huiling Mu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Cyclodextrins in Antiviral Therapeutics and Vaccines. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030409. [PMID: 33808834 PMCID: PMC8003769 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review describes the various roles of cyclodextrins (CDs) in vaccines against viruses and in antiviral therapeutics. The first section describes the most commonly studied application of cyclodextrins—solubilisation and stabilisation of antiviral drugs; some examples also refer to their beneficial taste-masking activity. The second part of the review describes the role of cyclodextrins in antiviral vaccine development and stabilisation, where they are employed as adjuvants and cryopreserving agents. In addition, cyclodextrin-based polymers as delivery systems for mRNA are currently under development. Lastly, the use of cyclodextrins as pharmaceutical active ingredients for the treatment of viral infections is explored. This new field of application is still taking its first steps. Nevertheless, promising results from the use of cyclodextrins as agents to treat other pathologies are encouraging. We present potential applications of the results reported in the literature and highlight the products that are already available on the market.
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Clercq S, Temelli F, Badens E. In-Depth Study of Cyclodextrin Complexation with Carotenoids toward the Formation of Enhanced Delivery Systems. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:1720-1729. [PMID: 33656347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c01227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was molecular modeling of cyclodextrin (CD) and carotenoid complex formation. Distinction was made between complexes resulting from interactions between carotenoids and either molecularly dispersed CDs or solid crystalline CDs, considering that both cases can occur depending on the complex formation process pathways. First, the formation of complexes from dispersed CD molecules was investigated considering five different CDs (αCD, βCD, methyl-βCD, hydroxypropyl-βCD, and γCD) and lutein, as a model carotenoid molecule. The interactions involved and the stability of the different complexes formed were evaluated according to the CD size and steric hindrance. Second, the formation of complexes between four different crystalline CDs (βCD with three different water contents and methyl-βCD) and three carotenoid molecules (lutein, lycopene, and β-carotene) was studied. The docking/adsorption of the carotenoid molecules was modeled on the different faces of the CD crystals. The findings highlight that all the CD faces, and thus their growth rates, were equally impacted by the adsorption of the carotenoids. This is due to the fact that all the CD faces are exhibiting similar chemical compositions, the three studied carotenoid molecules are rather chemically similar, and last, the water-carotenoid interactions appear to be weak compared to the CD-carotenoid interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Clercq
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, M2P2 UMR 7340, 13451 Marseille, France.,Cristolab, 15 rue de la poutre, 13800 Istres, France
| | - Feral Temelli
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - Elisabeth Badens
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, M2P2 UMR 7340, 13451 Marseille, France
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13
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Influene of Pharmaceutical Excipients on the Membrane Transport of a P-glycoprotein Substrate in the Rat Small Intestine. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2020; 45:645-652. [PMID: 32583315 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-020-00631-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Generic drugs are generally used worldwide because of affordability compared to brand-name drugs. One of the main differences between brand-name and generic drugs is pharmaceutical excipients. We previously reported the effects of pharmaceutical excipients on the membrane permeation of drugs via the paracellular and transcellular routes, which are passive transport routes. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a typical ATP-binding cassette transporter and is mostly responsible for drug-drug interactions involving transporters. In the present study, rhodamine 123 (Rho123) was selected as the P-gp substrate, and the effects of pharmaceutical excipients on its membrane transport in the rat jejunum and ileum were examined. METHODS Twenty major pharmaceutical excipients widely used in the pharmaceutical industry were selected. The in vitro diffusion chamber method using the rat jejunum and ileum was employed to investigate the effects of pharmaceutical excipients on the membrane permeation of Rho123. RESULTS The results obtained showed that the membrane permeability of Rho123 significantly (P < 0.05) changed under certain dosage conditions of pharmaceutical excipients such as sodium carboxymethyl starch, pullulan, glyceryl monostearate and so on. Furthermore, the effects of pharmaceutical excipients were site specific in the small intestine. CONCLUSION The present results demonstrated that some pharmaceutical excipients altered the membrane permeability of Rho123 in the rat small intestine.
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Wang H, Luo J, Zhang Y, He D, Jiang R, Xie X, Yang Q, Li K, Xie J, Zhang J. Phospholipid/hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin supramolecular complexes are promising candidates for efficient oral delivery of curcuminoids. Int J Pharm 2020; 582:119301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Chegireddy M, Hanegave GK, Lakshman D, Urazov A, Sree KN, Lewis SA, Dengale SJ. The Significance of Utilizing In Vitro Transfer Model and Media Selection to Study the Dissolution Performance of Weak Ionizable Bases: Investigation Using Saquinavir as a Model Drug. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:47. [PMID: 31900686 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1563-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the dissolution behavior of BCS class II ionizable weak base Saquinavir and its mesylate salt in the multi-compartment transfer setup employing different composition of dissolution media. The dissolution behavior of Saquinavir was studied by using a two-compartment transfer model representing the transfer of drug from the stomach (donor compartment) to the upper intestine (acceptor compartment). Various buffers like phosphate, bicarbonate, FaSSIF, and FeSSIF were employed. The dissolution was also studied in the concomitant presence of the additional solute, i.e., Quercetin. Further, the dissolution profiles of Saquinavir and its mesylate salt were simulated by GastroPlusTM, and the simulated dissolution profiles were compared against the experimental ones. The formation of in situ HCl salt and water-soluble amorphous phosphate aggregates was confirmed in the donor and acceptor compartments of the transfer setup, respectively. As the consequence of the lower solubility product of HCl salt of Saquinavir, the solubility advantage of mesylate salt was vanished leading to the lower than the predicted dissolution in the acceptor compartment. However, the formation of water-soluble aggregates in the presence of the phosphate salts was observed leading to the higher than the predicted dissolution of the free base in the transfer setup. Interestingly, the formation of such water-soluble aggregates was found to be hindered in the concomitant presence of an ionic solute resulting in the lower dissolution rates. The in situ generation of salts and aggregates in the transfer model lead to the inconsistent prediction of dissolution profiles by GastroPlusTM.
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Hosny KM. Development Of Saquinavir Mesylate Nanoemulsion-Loaded Transdermal Films: Two-Step Optimization Of Permeation Parameters, Characterization, And Ex Vivo And In Vivo Evaluation. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:8589-8601. [PMID: 31802871 PMCID: PMC6830379 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s230747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Saquinavir mesylate (SQR) tablets are widely used against human immunodeficiency virus. SQR has bioavailability issues owing to its poor aqueous solubility, extensive first-pass metabolism, and even low gastrointestinal tract permeability and absorption. Objective An in-depth optimization process was carried out using factorial design to improve the permeation parameters and thereby the bioavailability of SQR by formulating self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS)-loaded polymeric transdermal films. Methods The solubility of SQR in different nanoemulsion components was examined. Various combinations of selected components were prepared in an extreme vertices mixture design to identify the useful nanoemulsion zone and to develop SNEDDS with minimum globule size. The optimized SQR-SNEDDS was loaded in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based transdermal films. The Box-Behnken design was used to optimize and evaluate SQR permeability. The prepared films were characterized for thickness, tensile strength, elongation, folding endurance, and accelerated stability studies. The optimized film was examined for ex vivo skin permeation and in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters. Results The optimized SQR-SNEDDS was prepared in proportions of 0.1, 0.55, and 0.35 of clove oil, labrasol, and Transcutol, respectively. The implemented Box-Behnken design indicated the optimized film consisted of 1.0% PVA, 0.25% propylene glycol, and clove oil as the oil phase. The tensile strength, thickness, percent elongation, and folding endurance of the optimized SQR-SNEDDS film were 0.93 ± 0.013 kg/cm2, 0.22 ± 0.006 mm, 43.1 ± 0.022%, and >200 times, respectively. A higher Cmax and double the AUC were observed for SQR-SNEDDS–loaded film in comparison to pure SQR-loaded films. Conclusion Implementation of a two-step design to optimize and control experimental factors in the preparation of SQR-SNEDDS and its loading onto PVA-based transdermal films was achieved. The films indicated improved ex vivo skin permeation, enhanced bioavailability, and overcame the limitations of the oral dosage form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M Hosny
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Kigen G, Edwards G. Enhancement of saquinavir absorption and accumulation through the formation of solid drug nanoparticles. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 19:79. [PMID: 30509316 PMCID: PMC6278041 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-018-0275-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nanotechnology is now considered a promising drug delivery method for orally administered hydrophobic drugs to their sites of action. The effect of nanodispersion on cellular transport and accumulation of saquinavir (SQV) was investigated. Methods The transport of five solid drug nanoparticle (SDN) SQV formulations along Caco-2 cell monolayers (CCM) was compared to that of standard SQV. The SDNs were prepared using SQV mesylate (20%), Pluronic F127 (10%) plus five other excipients (HPMC, PVP, PVA, Lecithin S75 and Span 80) in different proportions. Cellular accumulation in CEM parental and CEMVBL (P-gp overexpressing) cells was conducted to ascertain the effect of nanodispersion on P-gp mediated efflux of SQV. All SDN formulations were dissolved in water, whereas SQV in DMSO to improve solubility. Quantification was via HPLC. Results From transport results, an SDN sample composed of SQV mesylate/Pluronic F127 plus HPMC (70%) and had a 24% increase in apparent absorption compared to standard SQV, largely driven by a 38% reduction in basolateral to apical permeation. Additionally, the formulation and two others (SQV mesylate/Pluronic F127 alone; and + HPMC (65%)/Lecithin [5%]) accumulated more significantly in CEM cells, suggesting enhanced delivery to these cells. Moreover, accumulation and transport of the three SDNs compared well to that of SQV despite being dissolved in water, suggestive of improved dissolution. The inclusion of PVA resulted in increased efflux. Conclusion The use of HPMC and Pluronic F127 produced SQV SDNs with improved permeation in Caco-2 cells and improved accumulation in CEM cells, but negative effects with PVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Kigen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Moi University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 4606, Eldoret, 30100, Kenya. .,Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK.
| | - Geoffrey Edwards
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
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Sakhare SD, Anand VSK, Karan A, Sree KN, Vasantharaju SG, Pai G, Dengale SJ. The Assessment of pH-Induced Supersaturation and Impact of an Additional Drug on the Solution Phase Behavior of Saquinavir. J Pharm Innov 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-018-9357-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Li J, Liu Y, Zhang J, Yu X, Wang X, Zhao L. Effects of resveratrol on P-glycoprotein and cytochrome P450 3A in vitro and on pharmacokinetics of oral saquinavir in rats. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:3699-3706. [PMID: 27895462 PMCID: PMC5117956 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s118723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background The intestinal cytochrome P450 3A (CYP 3A) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) present a barrier to the oral absorption of saquinavir (SQV). Resveratrol (RESV) has been indicated to have modulatory effects on P-gp and CYP 3A. Therefore, this study was to investigate the effects of RESV on P-gp and CYP 3A activities in vitro and in vivo on oral SQV pharmacokinetics in rats. Methods In vitro, intestinal microsomes were used to evaluate RESV effect on CYP 3A-mediated metabolism of SQV; MDR1-expressing Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCKII-MDR1) cells were employed to assess the impact of RESV on P-gp-mediated efflux of SQV. In vivo effects were studied using 10 rats randomly assigned to receive oral SQV (30 mg/kg) with or without RESV (20 mg/kg). Serial blood samples were obtained over the following 24 h. Concentrations of SQV in samples were ascertained using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Results RESV (1–100 μM) enhanced residual SQV (% of control) in a dose-dependent manner after incubation with intestinal microsomes. RESV (1–100 μM) reduced the accumulation of SQV in MDCKII-MDR1 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. A double peaking phenomenon was observed in the plasma SQV profiles in rats. The first peak of plasma SQV concentration was increased, but the second peak was reduced by coadministration with RESV. The mean AUC0–∞ of SQV was slightly decreased, with no statistical significance probably due to the high individual variation. Conclusion RESV can alter the plasma SQV concentration profiles, shorten the Tmax of SQV. RESV might also cause a slight decrease tendency in the SQV bioavailability in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University; Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingru Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University; Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotong Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University; Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Libo Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University
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Imperiale JC, Sosnik AD. Cyclodextrin complexes for treatment improvement in infectious diseases. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 10:1621-41. [PMID: 26008196 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are a heterogeneous group of maladies that represent a serious burden to healthcare systems worldwide. Most of the available antimicrobial drugs display poor biopharmaceutical properties that compromise their effectiveness. Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cyclic oligosaccharides of glucopyranose formed by a variable number of repeating units that combine a hydrophilic surface with a hydrophobic cavity. The production of drug/CD complexes has become one of the most extensively investigated technology approaches to improve the stability, solubility, dissolution rate and bioavailability of drugs. The present work overviews the applications of CDs for the formulation of anti-infective agents along with the most relevant administration routes. Finally, an update on the complexes with CDs available on the market to treat infectious diseases is presented.
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Inclusion complexes of hydrochlorothiazide and β-cyclodextrin: Physicochemical characteristics, in vitro and in vivo studies. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 83:71-8. [PMID: 26687444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic widely used in clinics to treat arterial hypertension. It is a class IV drug according to the Biopharmaceutical Classification System, that is, it presents low solubility and low permeability and, consequently, low absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. As a strategy to improve stability and biopharmaceutical properties of hydrochlorothiazide, the use of cyclodextrins to produce inclusion complexes, applying different methods, was investigated. In the phase solubility studies, β-cyclodextrin was identified as the cyclodextrin which provided the most promising results in terms of the solubilization of the drug. The thermal analysis verified the interaction between hydrochlorothiazide and β-cyclodextrin, indicating the formation of inclusion complexes, and the thermal stability varied according to the preparation technique. The physicochemical characterization showed that in the inclusion complexes obtained by co-evaporation, kneading followed by freeze-drying and kneading followed by spray-drying the hydrochlorothiazide complexation mostly occurred with different degrees of amorphization and the drug solubility was improved. These three inclusion complexes presented better in vitro characteristics and the inclusion complex obtained by kneading followed by freeze-drying increased the in vivo diuretic activity of the drug accompanied by significant effects on natriuresis, kaliuresis and chloriuresis. The inclusion complex formation was effective in improving the biopharmaceutical properties of hydrochlorothiazide and protecting the drug from hydrolysis. This paper describes an important alternative approach to the development of liquid pharmaceutical formulations to pediatric administration, a real need of the current pharmaceutical market.
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He Y, Xia DN, Li QX, Tao JS, Gan Y, Wang C. Enhancement of cellular uptake, transport and oral absorption of protease inhibitor saquinavir by nanocrystal formulation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:1151-60. [PMID: 26256404 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Saquinavir (SQV) is the first protease inhibitor for the treatment of HIV infection, but with poor solubility. The aim of this study was to prepare a colloidal nanocrystal suspension for improving the oral absorption of SQV. METHODS SQV nanocrystals were prepared using anti-solvent precipitation-high pressure homogenization method. The nanocrystals were characterized by a Zetasizer and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Their dissolution, cellular uptake and transport across the human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (Caco-2) monolayer were investigated. Bioimaging of ex vivo intestinal sections of rats was conducted with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed in rats administered nanocrystal SQV suspension (50 mg/kg, ig), and the plasma SQV concentrations were measured with HPLC. RESULTS The SQV nanocrystals were approximately 200 nm in diameter, with a uniform size distribution. The nanocrystals had a rod-like shape under TEM. The dissolution, cellular uptake, and transport across a Caco-2 monolayer of the nanocrystal formulation were significantly improved compared to those of the coarse crystals. The ex vivo intestinal section study revealed that the fluorescently labeled nanocrystals were located in the lamina propria and the epithelium of the duodenum and jejunum. Pharmacokinetic study showed that the maximal plasma concentration (Cmax) was 2.16-fold of that for coarse crystalline SQV suspension, whereas the area under the curve (AUC) of nanocrystal SQV suspension was 1.95-fold of that for coarse crystalline SQV suspension. CONCLUSION The nanocrystal drug delivery system significantly improves the oral absorption of saquinavir.
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Mendes C, Wiemes BP, Buttchevitz A, Christ AP, Ribas KG, Adams AIH, Silva MAS, Oliveira PR. Investigation of β-cyclodextrin-norfloxacin inclusion complexes. Part 1. Preparation, physicochemical and microbiological characterization. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2015; 13:119-29. [PMID: 25488142 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2015.982091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drugs classified as class IV by the Biopharmaceutical Classification System present significant problems in relation to effective oral administration. In the case of antibiotics, the subsequently high doses required can enhance the emergence of microorganism resistance and lead to a low rate of patient treatment adherence. OBJECTIVE In an attempt to improve physicochemical properties and microbiological activity of norfloxacin, the aim of this study was to investigate different methods (coevaporation, kneading followed by freeze-drying or spray-drying) to obtain complexes of norfloxacin and different cyclodextrins. METHODS Guest-host interactions were investigated through a complete physical-chemical characterization and the dissolution profile and microbiological activity were determined. RESULTS The formation of a complex of norfloxacin and β-cyclodextrin (1:1), obtained by kneading followed by freeze drying, led to increased drug solubility, which could maximize the oral drug absorption. CONCLUSION Moreover, the microbiological activity was enhanced by around 23.3%, demonstrating that the complex formed could represent an efficient drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassiana Mendes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Quality Control Laboratory, J/K 207, 88040-900, Florianópolis-SC, Brazil
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Zhang J, Li J, Ju Y, Fu Y, Gong T, Zhang Z. Mechanism of enhanced oral absorption of morin by phospholipid complex based self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:504-13. [PMID: 25536306 DOI: 10.1021/mp5005806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipid complex (PLC) based self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (PLC-SNEDDS) has been developed for efficient delivery of drugs with poor solubility and low permeability. In the present study, a BCS class IV drug and a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate, morin, was selected as the model drug to elucidate the oral absorption mechanism of PLC-SNEDDS. PLC-SNEDDS was superior to PLC in protecting morin from degradation by intestinal enzymes in vitro. In situ perfusion study showed increased intestinal permeability by PLC was duodenum-specific. In contrast, PLC-SNEDDS increased morin permeability in all intestinal segments and induced a change in the main absorption site of morin from colon to ileum. Moreover, ileum conducted the lymphatic transport of PLC-SNEDDS, which was proven by microscopic intestinal visualization of Nile red labeled PLC-SNEDDS and lymph fluids in vivo. Low cytotoxicity and increased Caco-2 cell uptake suggested a safe and efficient delivery of PLC-SNEDDS. The increased membrane fluidity and disrupted actin filaments were closely associated with the increased cell uptake of PLC-SNEDDS. PLC-SNEDDS could be internalized into enterocytes as an intact form in a cholesterol-dependent manner via clathrin-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis. The enhanced oral absorption of morin was attributed to the P-gp inhibition by Cremophor RH and the intact internalization of M-PLC-SNEDDS into Caco-2 cells bypassing P-gp recognition. Our findings thus provide new insights into the development of novel nanoemulsions for poorly absorbed drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University , No. 17. Section 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
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Dengale SJ, Hussen SS, Krishna B, Musmade PB, Gautham Shenoy G, Bhat K. Fabrication, solid state characterization and bioavailability assessment of stable binary amorphous phases of Ritonavir with Quercetin. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 89:329-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Characterization of albendazole-randomly methylated-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex and in vivo evaluation of its antihelmitic activity in a murine model of Trichinellosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113296. [PMID: 25406084 PMCID: PMC4236198 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Albendazole is a benzimidazole carbamate extensively used in oral chemotherapy against intestinal parasites, due to its broad spectrum activity, good tolerance and low cost. However, the drug has the disadvantage of poor bioavailability due to its very low solubility in water; as a consequence, a very active area of research focuses on the development of new pharmaceutical formulations to increase its solubility, dissolution rate, and bioavailability. The primary objective of this study was to prepare randomly methylated β-cyclodextrins inclusion complexes to increase albendazole dissolution rate, in order to enhance its antiparasitic activity. This formulation therapeutic efficacy was contrasted with that of the pure drug by treating Trichinella spiralis infected mice during the intestinal phase of the parasite cycle, on days five and six post-infection. This protocol significantly decreased muscle larval burden measured in the parenteral stage on day 30 post-infection, when compared with the untreated control. Thus, it could be demonstrated that the inclusion complexes improve the in vivo therapeutic activity of albendazole.
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Gue E, Muschert S, Willart JF, Danede F, Delcourt-Debruyne E, Descamps M, Siepmann J. Accelerated ketoprofen release from spray-dried polymeric particles: importance of phase transitions and excipient distribution. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2014; 41:838-50. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2014.908902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Takizawa Y, Kishimoto H, Nakagawa M, Sakamoto N, Tobe Y, Furuya T, Tomita M, Hayashi M. Effects of pharmaceutical excipients on membrane permeability in rat small intestine. Int J Pharm 2013; 453:363-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Enhanced systemic exposure of saquinavir via the concomitant use of curcumin-loaded solid dispersion in rats. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 49:800-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Caon T, Konig RA, da Cruz ACC, Cardoso SG, Campos CEM, Cuffini SL, Koester LS, Simões CMO. Development and physicochemical characterization of saquinavir mesylate solid dispersions using Gelucire 44/14 or PEG 4000 as carrier. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 36:1113-25. [PMID: 23700292 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0142-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Solid dispersions of saquinavir mesylate containing either Gelucire® 44/14 or poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) 4000, or mixtures of each carrier with Tween 80 or polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) K30 were prepared in order to enhance the drug dissolution rate. These systems were prepared by the melting method and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, microscopical techniques, and Raman spectroscopy aiming to establish a relationship between physicochemical and dissolution properties under different cooling conditions. Modifications in degree of crystalline order/disorder over time were observed in preparations with both carriers. Overall, formulations cooled and stored at -20 °C showed less variation in dissolution rates than those at 25 °C. Although Tween 80 has enhanced the known self-emulsifying properties of Gelucire® 44/14, its combination with PEG 4000 displayed miscibility problems. The addition of PVP K30 was not the most effective approach in enhancing the dissolution in early steps; however, the drug dissolution was stable after 7 days of storage at 25 °C. The combination of PEG 4000 and PVP K30 maintained the dissolution properties for 60 and 90 days at 25 °C/95% relative humidity and 40 °C/75% (f₂ values >50), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Caon
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
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Beloqui A, Solins MN, Gascn AR, del Pozo-Rodrguez A, des Rieux A, Prat V. Mechanism of transport of saquinavir-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers across the intestinal barrier. J Control Release 2013; 166:115-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kuo YC, Wang CC. Cationic solid lipid nanoparticles with primary and quaternary amines for release of saquinavir and biocompatibility with endothelia. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 101:101-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mahajan HS, Pingale MH, Agrawal KM. Solubility and dissolution enhancement of saquinavir mesylate by inclusion complexation technique. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-012-0269-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
The oral route is preferred by patients for drug administration due to its convenience, resulting in improved compliance. Unfortunately, for a number of drugs (e.g., anticancer drugs), this route of administration remains a challenge. Oral chemotherapy may be an attractive option and especially appropriate for chronic treatment of cancer. However, this route of administration is particularly complicated for the administration of anticancer drugs ascribed to Class IV of the Biopharmaceutical Classification System. This group of compounds is characterized by low aqueous solubility and low intestinal permeability. This review focuses on the use of cyclodextrins alone or in combination with bioadhesive nanoparticles for oral delivery of drugs. The state-of-the-art technology and challenges in this area is also discussed.
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Effect of external factors on the curcumin/2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin: in vitro and in vivo study. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-011-0080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Branham ML, Moyo T, Govender T. Preparation and solid-state characterization of ball milled saquinavir mesylate for solubility enhancement. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011; 80:194-202. [PMID: 21906676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Saquinavir is an anti-retroviral drug with very low oral bioavailability (e.g. 0.7-4.0%) due to its affinity toward efflux transporters (P-gp) and metabolic enzymes (CYP3A4). The aim of this study was to characterize the effects of high-energy ball milling on saquinavir solid-state characteristics and aqueous solubility for the design of effective buccal drug delivery systems. The solubility of saquinavir mesylate was evaluated in simulated saliva before and after milling for 1, 3, 15, 30, 50, and 60 h. To elucidate changes in crystallinity and long-range structure in the drug, analyses of the milled powders were performed using XRD, ATR-IR, DSC/TGA, BET surface area, EDX and SEM. In addition, the effects of milling time on saquinavir solubility were statistically correlated using repeated measures ANOVA. Results of this study indicate that the milling of saquinavir mesylate produces nanoporous particles with unique surface structures, thermal properties, and increased aqueous solubility. Optimal milling time occurred at 3h and corresponded to a 9-fold solubility enhancement in simulated saliva. Thermal analysis revealed only a slight decrease in melting point (T(m)) from 242 °C to 236 °C after 60 h milling. XRD diffractograms indicate a gradual crystalline-to-amorphous transition with some residual crystallinity remaining after 60 h milling time. Unstable polymorphic structures appeared between 15 and 30 h which were converted to more stable isomorphs at 60 h. Aggregate formation also seems to occur after 15 h but no metal contamination of the drug was observed during the milling process as determined by EDX analysis. In conclusion, high-energy ball milling may be a method of choice for improving the solubility of saquinavir and facilitating novel drug formulations design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lee Branham
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
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Singh A, Worku ZA, Van den Mooter G. Oral formulation strategies to improve solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2011; 8:1361-78. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2011.606808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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