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Ding Y, Zhao T, Fang J, Song J, Dong H, Liu J, Li S, Zhao M. Recent developments in the use of nanocrystals to improve bioavailability of APIs. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1958. [PMID: 38629192 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Nanocrystals refer to materials with at least one dimension smaller than 100 nm, composing of atoms arranged in single crystals or polycrystals. Nanocrystals have significant research value as they offer unique advantages over conventional pharmaceutical formulations, such as high bioavailability, enhanced targeting selectivity and controlled release ability and are therefore suitable for the delivery of a wide range of drugs such as insoluble drugs, antitumor drugs and genetic drugs with broad application prospects. In recent years, research on nanocrystals has been progressively refined and new products have been launched or entered the clinical phase of studies. However, issues such as safety and stability still stand that need to be addressed for further development of nanocrystal formulations, and significant gaps do exist in research in various fields in this pharmaceutical arena. This paper presents a systematic overview of the advanced development of nanocrystals, ranging from the preparation approaches of nanocrystals with which the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs is improved, critical properties of nanocrystals and associated characterization techniques, the recent development of nanocrystals with different administration routes, the advantages and associated limitations of nanocrystal formulations, the mechanisms of physical instability, and the enhanced dissolution performance, to the future perspectives, with a final view to shed more light on the future development of nanocrystals as a means of optimizing the bioavailability of drug candidates. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Ding
- China Medical University-Queen's University Belfast Joint College (CQC), China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tongyi Zhao
- China Medical University-Queen's University Belfast Joint College (CQC), China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianing Fang
- China Medical University-Queen's University Belfast Joint College (CQC), China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiexin Song
- China Medical University-Queen's University Belfast Joint College (CQC), China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haobo Dong
- China Medical University-Queen's University Belfast Joint College (CQC), China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiarui Liu
- China Medical University-Queen's University Belfast Joint College (CQC), China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Sijin Li
- China Medical University-Queen's University Belfast Joint College (CQC), China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Min Zhao
- China Medical University-Queen's University Belfast Joint College (CQC), China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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Ambrus R, Alshweiat A, Szabó-Révész P, Bartos C, Csóka I. Smartcrystals for Efficient Dissolution of Poorly Water-Soluble Meloxicam. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020245. [PMID: 35213978 PMCID: PMC8879336 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocrystal is widely applied to improve the dissolution of poorly water-soluble drugs. We aimed to prepare meloxicam (MLX) nanocrystals using the bead mill method, followed by high-pressure homogenization (HPH). Simple drying at room temperature (RD), vacuum-drying (VD), and freeze-drying (FD) using mannitol or trehalose as a cryoprotectant were applied to obtain dry nanocrystals. The nanocrystals were fully characterized. The MLX nanosuspension containing 5% w/v MLX and 1% w/v of Pluronic F68 showing a mean particle size (MPS) of 242 nm and a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.36 was prepared after 40 min of premilling and 30 min of HPH. The dried nanocrystals were spherical within the nano range. DSC and XRPD confirmed the absence of MLX amorphization. The smartcrystals showed enhanced MLX release. Approximately 100% release was achieved with phosphate buffer (PB), pH 5.6, and 80% was released with PB, pH 7.4, from the freeze-dried samples. The results revealed the effects of the drying method and cryoprotectant type on the properties of dry nanocrystals. The freeze-dried samples showed the smallest particle size, in particular trehalose-based samples. On the other hand, mannitol-based dried samples showed the highest crystallinity index among all nanocrystals (77.8%), whereas trehalose showed the lowest (59.2%). These factors explained the dissolution differences among the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Ambrus
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (P.S.-R.); (C.B.); (I.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Areen Alshweiat
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan;
| | - Piroska Szabó-Révész
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (P.S.-R.); (C.B.); (I.C.)
| | - Csilla Bartos
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (P.S.-R.); (C.B.); (I.C.)
| | - Ildikó Csóka
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (P.S.-R.); (C.B.); (I.C.)
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Li J, Wang Z, Zhang H, Gao J, Zheng A. Progress in the development of stabilization strategies for nanocrystal preparations. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:19-36. [PMID: 33336609 PMCID: PMC8725885 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1856224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, nanocrystal technology has been extensively investigated. Due to the submicron particle size and unique physicochemical properties of nanocrystals, they overcome the problems of low drug solubility and poor bioavailability. Although the structures of nanocrystals are simple, the further development of these materials is hindered by their stability. Drug nanocrystals with particle sizes of 1∼1000 nm usually require the addition of stabilizers such as polymers or surfactants to enhance their stability. The stability of nanocrystal suspensions and the redispersibility of solid nanocrystal drugs are the key factors for the large-scale production of nanocrystal preparations. In this paper, the factors that affect the stability of drug nanocrystal preparations are discussed, and related methods for solving the stability problem are put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zengming Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aiping Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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4
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Particle Size Reduction Techniques of Pharmaceutical Compounds for the Enhancement of Their Dissolution Rate and Bioavailability. J Pharm Innov 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-020-09530-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Rahim H, Sadiq A, Ullah R, Bari A, Amin F, Farooq U, Ullah Jan N, Mahmood HM. Formulation of Aceclofenac Tablets Using Nanosuspension as Granulating Agent: An Attempt to Enhance Dissolution Rate and Oral Bioavailability. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:8999-9009. [PMID: 33235448 PMCID: PMC7680606 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s270746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the studies was to fabricate aceclofenac (AC) tablets using nanosuspension as granulating fluid to boost its rate of in vitro dissolution and eventually its oral bioavailability. METHODS The optimized nanosuspension with particle size of 112±2.01 nm was fabricated using HPMC 1% (w/v), PVP-K30 1% (w/v) and SLS 0.12% (w/v) at 400 watts of ultrasonication energy for 15 min duration and 3 sec pause. Then, the optimized aceclofenac nanosuspension was used as granulating fluid for aceclofenac tablets formulation. The characterization was performed using Malvern zetasizer, SEM, TEM, DSC and P-XRD. The granules were evaluated for the bulk and tapped densities, Hausner's ratio, angle of repose and their resulted values were found within limit. The prepared tablets were tested for average weight, hardness, friability, disintegration, dissolution and in vivo bioavailability in rabbits. RESULTS The in vitro dissolution data showed the boosted rate of nanosuspension-based tablets compared to the microsuspension-based tablets. The in vivo bioavailability (in rabbits model) of aceclofenac nanosuspension-based tablets (ACN-1, ACN-2) proved an improved absorption as in comparison to the marketed formulation. The Cmax and AUC0→24 of ACN-1 and ACN-2 were 1.53-fold, 1.48-fold and 2.23-fold, 2.0-fold greater than that of the marketed drug, and were 1.74-fold, 1.68-fold and 2.3-fold, 2.21-fold greater in comparison to raw drug. CONCLUSION This boosted in vitro and in vivo bioavailability may be attributed to reduced particle size of aceclofenac nanoformulations used in tablets. Finally, this will result in faster absorption of these fabricated tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Rahim
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Sadiq
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Department of Pharmacognosy (MAPPRC), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University Riyadh, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Bari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University Riyadh, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fazli Amin
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Umar Farooq
- Legacy Pharmaceutical (Pvt.) Ltd., Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Ullah Jan
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Majid Mahmood
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University Riyadh, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Sahnen F, Kamps JP, Langer K. Conversion of indomethacin nanosuspensions into solid dosage forms via fluid bed granulation and compaction. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 154:89-97. [PMID: 32634572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Preparation of pharmaceutical nanosuspensions is a popular technique to increase the dissolution velocity of poorly water-soluble drugs. Subsequent drying into a compaction-ready powder or granule is a critical process due to possible adverse solid characteristics and the risk of growth of nanoparticles. This work evaluated the drying of nanosuspensions via fluid bed granulation with focus on the binder selection and used concentrations, as well as the parameters spray rate and atomization pressure. Design of experiments was used to identify significant parameters. Indomethacin nanosuspensions were prepared by wet media milling and dried on a carrier consisting of lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, and crospovidone with and without additional binder during granulation. Resulting granules were compacted into tablets and their in vitro dissolution performances were characterized. A higher content of binder PVP and a higher spray rate led to less growth of resuspended nanoparticles. Finally, indomethacin nanoparticle tablets showed a superior dissolution performance in contrast to raw indomethacin tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sahnen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Muenster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - J P Kamps
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Muenster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - K Langer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Muenster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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Liu T, Yu X, Yin H, Möschwitzer JP. Advanced modification of drug nanocrystals by using novel fabrication and downstream approaches for tailor-made drug delivery. Drug Deliv 2020; 26:1092-1103. [PMID: 31735092 PMCID: PMC6882472 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2019.1682721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug nanosuspensions/nanocrystals have been recognized as one useful and successful approach for drug delivery. Drug nanocrystals could be further decorated to possess extended functions (such as controlled release) and designed for special in vivo applications (such as drug tracking), which make best use of the advantages of drug nanocrystals. A lot of novel and advanced size reduction methods have been invented recently for special drug deliveries. In addition, some novel downstream processes have been combined with nanosuspensions, which have highly broadened its application areas (such as targeting) besides traditional routes. A large number of recent research publication regarding as nanocrystals focuses on above mentioned aspects, which have widely attracted attention. This review will focus on the recent development of nanocrystals and give an overview of regarding modification of nanocrystal by some new approaches for tailor-made drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinxin Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Haipeng Yin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Qingdao orthopaedic Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Jan P Möschwitzer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics and NutriCosmetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Tu L, Cheng M, Sun Y, Fang Y, Liu J, Liu W, Feng J, Jin Y. Fabrication of ultra-small nanocrystals by formation of hydrogen bonds: In vitro and in vivo evaluation. Int J Pharm 2019; 573:118730. [PMID: 31705972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Poor water solubility and low bioavailability hinder the clinical application of about 70% of newly synthesized compounds. Nanocrystal technology has become a preferred way to improve bioavailability by improving solubility. However, it remains challenging to produce nanocrystals with ultra-small particle sizes to further enhance the extent of bioavailability. Herein, we constructed ultra-small puerarin nanocrystals (Pue-NCs) (20-40 nm) via formation of hydrogen bond during HPH. We confirmed the formation of hydrogen bonds by 1H NMR and FTIR, and observed the distribution of polymer chains by SEM and TEM. The absorption mechanisms were studied in Caco-2 cell monolayers, and the results showed that the major transport mechanism for puerarin was passive diffusion, meanwhile, for Pue-NCs, the passive transport and micropinocytosis-mediated endocytosis coexisted. The absolute bioavailability of Pue-NCs was 35.28%, which was 11.54 folds compared to that of puerarin. Therapeutic equivalence was demonstrated between Pue-NCs and puerarin injection at 50 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg, respectively, in isoproterenol-induced myocardial ischemia model. This study provides a novel strategy for preparing ultra-small nanocrystals by HPH to increase bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangxing Tu
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Meng Cheng
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Yongbing Sun
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Yuanying Fang
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Jiali Liu
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Wan Liu
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Jianfang Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, PR China; National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, PR China.
| | - Yi Jin
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, PR China.
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9
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Rashid M, Malik MY, Singh SK, Chaturvedi S, Gayen JR, Wahajuddin M. Bioavailability Enhancement of Poorly Soluble Drugs: The Holy Grail in Pharma Industry. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:987-1020. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190130110653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Bioavailability, one of the prime pharmacokinetic properties of a drug, is defined as the
fraction of an administered dose of unchanged drug that reaches the systemic circulation and is used to describe
the systemic availability of a drug. Bioavailability assessment is imperative in order to demonstrate whether the
drug attains the desirable systemic exposure for effective therapy. In recent years, bioavailability has become
the subject of importance in drug discovery and development studies.
Methods:
A systematic literature review in the field of bioavailability and the approaches towards its enhancement
have been comprehensively done, purely focusing upon recent papers. The data mining was performed
using databases like PubMed, Science Direct and general Google searches and the collected data was exhaustively
studied and summarized in a generalized manner.
Results:
The main prospect of this review was to generate a comprehensive one-stop summary of the numerous
available approaches and their pharmaceutical applications in improving the stability concerns, physicochemical
and mechanical properties of the poorly water-soluble drugs which directly or indirectly augment their bioavailability.
Conclusion:
The use of novel methods, including but not limited to, nano-based formulations, bio-enhancers,
solid dispersions, lipid-and polymer-based formulations which provide a wide range of applications not only
increases the solubility and permeability of the poorly bioavailable drugs but also improves their stability, and
targeting efficacy. Although, these methods have drastically changed the pharmaceutical industry demand for the
newer potential methods with better outcomes in the field of pharmaceutical science to formulate various dosage
forms with adequate systemic availability and improved patient compliance, further research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamunur Rashid
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohd Yaseen Malik
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, India
| | - Sandeep K. Singh
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, India
| | - Swati Chaturvedi
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, India
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Ali HSM, Hanafy AF, Alqurshi A. Engineering of solidified glyburide nanocrystals for tablet formulation via loading of carriers: downstream processing, characterization, and bioavailability. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:1893-1906. [PMID: 30936692 PMCID: PMC6422418 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s194734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Presenting poorly water-soluble drugs as nanoparticles has shown to be an effective technique in enhancing drug dissolution rate, intrinsic solubility, and thus oral bioavailability. Nevertheless, working with nanoparticles introduces many challenges, one of which is their physical instability. Formulating nanoparticles into a solid dosage form may overcome such challenges and thus unlock the potential benefits of nanosizing. METHODS The current work investigates the possibility of developing a novel solid dosage form, with enhanced dissolution rate, whereby nanocrystals (~400 nm) of the class II Biopharmaceutical Classification System drug, glyburide (GBD) were fabricated through combined precipitation and homogenization procedures. Using a novel, but scalable, spraying technique, GBD nanocrystals were loaded onto commonly used tablet fillers, water-soluble lactose monohydrate (LAC), and water insoluble microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). Conventional tableting processes were then used to convert the powders generated into a tablet dosage form. RESULTS Studies of redispersibility showed considerable preservation of size characteristics of GBD nanocrystals during downstream processing with redispersibility indices of 105 and 118 for GBD-LAC and GBD-MCC, respectively. Characterization by differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy showed that the powders generated powders contained nanosized crystals of GBD which adhered to carrier surfaces. Powder flowability was characterized using Hausner ratio (HR) and Carr's index (CI). GBD-LAC-loaded particles exhibited poor flowability with CI and HR of 37.5% and 1.60, respectively, whilst GBD-MCC particles showed a slightly improved flowability with CI and HR of 26.47% and 1.36, respectively. The novel tablet dosage form met US Pharmacopeia specifications, including drug content, hardness, and friability. CONCLUSION Higher dissolution rates were observed from the nanocrystal-based tablets compared to the microsized and commercial drug formulations. Moreover, the novel nanocrystal tablet dosage forms showed enhanced in vivo performance with area under the plasma concentration- time curve in the first 24 hours values 1.97 and 2.24 times greater than that of marketed tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany S M Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia,
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt,
| | - Ahmed F Hanafy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia,
- Research and Development Department, Al Andalous Pharmaceutical Industries, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdulmalik Alqurshi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia,
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12
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Supercritical carbon dioxide-based technologies for the production of drug nanoparticles/nanocrystals - A comprehensive review. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 131:22-78. [PMID: 30026127 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Low drug bioavailability, which is mostly a result of poor aqueous drug solubilities and of inadequate drug dissolution rates, is one of the most significant challenges that pharmaceutical companies are currently facing, since this may limit the therapeutic efficacy of marketed drugs, or even result in the discard of potential highly effective drug candidates during developmental stages. Two of the main approaches that have been implemented in recent years to overcome poor drug solubility/dissolution issues have frequently involved drug particle size reduction (i.e., micronization/nanonization) and/or the modification of some of the physicochemical and structural properties of poorly water soluble drugs. A large number of particle engineering methodologies have been developed, tested, and applied in the synthesis and control of particle size/particle-size distributions, crystallinities, and polymorphic purities of drug micro- and nano-particles/crystals. In recent years pharmaceutical processing using supercritical fluids (SCF), in general, and supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2), in particular, have attracted a great attention from the pharmaceutical industry. This is mostly due to the several well-known advantageous technical features of these processes, as well as to other increasingly important subjects for the pharmaceutical industry, namely their "green", sustainable, safe and "environmentally-friendly" intrinsic characteristics. In this work, it is presented a comprehensive state-of-the-art review on scCO2-based processes focused on the formation and on the control of the physicochemical, structural and morphological properties of amorphous/crystalline pure drug nanoparticles. It is presented and discussed the most relevant scCO2, scCO2-based fluids and drug physicochemical properties that are pertinent for the development of successful pharmaceutical products, namely those that are critical in the selection of an adequate scCO2-based method to produce pure drug nanoparticles/nanocrystals. scCO2-based nanoparticle formation methodologies are classified in three main families, and in terms of the most important role played by scCO2 in particle formation processes: as a solvent; as an antisolvent or a co-antisolvent; and as a "high mobility" additive (a solute, a co-solute, or a co-solvent). Specific particle formation methods belonging to each one of these families are presented, discussed and compared. Some selected amorphous/crystalline drug nanoparticles that were prepared by these methods are compiled and presented, namely those studied in the last 10-15 years. A special emphasis is given to the formation of drug cocrystals. It is also discussed the fundamental knowledge and the main mechanisms in which the scCO2-based particle formation methods rely on, as well as the current status and urgent needs in terms of reliable experimental data and of robust modeling approaches. Other addressed and discussed topics include the currently available and the most adequate physicochemical, morphological and biological characterization methods required for pure drug nanoparticles/nanocrystals, some of the current nanometrology and regulatory issues associated to the use of these methods, as well as some scale-up, post-processing and pharmaceutical regulatory subjects related to the industrial implementation of these scCO2-based processes. Finally, it is also discussed the current status of these techniques, as well as their future major perspectives and opportunities for industrial implementation in the upcoming years.
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Liu T, Müller RH, Möschwitzer JP. Production of drug nanosuspensions: effect of drug physical properties on nanosizing efficiency. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2017; 44:233-242. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2017.1386207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics and NutriCosmetics, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer H. Müller
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics and NutriCosmetics, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan P. Möschwitzer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics and NutriCosmetics, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Advance Pharma GmbH and Steiner Deutsche Arzneimittel GmbH, Berlin, Germany
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Liu T, Müller RH, Möschwitzer JP. Systematical investigation of a combinative particle size reduction technology for production of resveratrol nanosuspensions. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:1683-1691. [PMID: 27696301 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0612-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanosizing is frequently used as formulation approach to increase the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. However, standard size reduction processes can be relatively time-consuming. It was found that the modification of the physical properties of a starting material by means of spray-drying can be used to improve the effectiveness of a subsequently performed high pressure homogenization. Such a process belongs to the combinative particle size reduction methods and is also referred to as H 42 process. Based on previous studies, it was hypothesized that the improved efficiency was a result of reduced crystallinity of the modified drug. The present study was conducted in order to asses this hypothesis in a systematical manner by applying design of experiment (DoE) principles. Resveratrol was selected as model compound for this study. It was processed by both standard high pressure homogenization and by a combinative particle size reduction process (the H42 process). An optimized resveratrol/surfactant ratio for the spray-dried intermediate was identified by using the response-surface methodology. The optimization led to a nanosuspension with a mean particle size of 192 nm, which is much smaller than the mean particle size of 569 nm when standard high pressure homogenization was used. Both predominately crystalline and predominately amorphous solids resulted from the spray-drying process. In contrast to the initial hypothesis, the smallest particle sizes were achieved by processing predominately crystalline intermediate with high pressure homogenization.
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15
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Al-Kassas R, Bansal M, Shaw J. Nanosizing techniques for improving bioavailability of drugs. J Control Release 2017; 260:202-212. [PMID: 28603030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The poor solubility of significant number of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) has become a major challenge in the drug development process. Drugs with poor solubility are difficult to formulate by conventional methods and often show poor bioavailability. In the last decade, attention has been focused on developing nanocrystals for poorly water soluble drugs using nanosizing techniques. Nanosizing is a pharmaceutical process that changes the size of a drug to the sub-micron range in an attempt to increase its surface area and consequently its dissolution rate and bioavailability. The effectiveness of nanocrystal drugs is evidenced by the fact that six FDA approved nanocrystal drugs are already on the market. The bioavailabilities of these preparations have been significantly improved compared to their conventional dosage forms. There are two main approaches for preparation of drug nanocrystals; these are the top-down and bottom-up techniques. Top-down techniques have been successfully used in both lab scale and commercial scale manufacture. Bottom-up approaches have not yet been used at a commercial level, however, these techniques have been found to produce narrow sized distribution nanocrystals using simple methods. Bottom-up techniques have been also used in combination with top-down processes to produce drug nanoparticles. The main aim of this review article is to discuss the various methods for nanosizing drugs to improve their bioavailabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raida Al-Kassas
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Mahima Bansal
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - John Shaw
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Thongnopkoon T, Puttipipatkhachorn S. Stabilizing ability of surfactant on physicochemical properties of drug nanoparticles generated from solid dispersions. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2017; 43:1082-1092. [PMID: 28161991 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2017.1291670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to examine the nanoparticle formation from redispersion of binary and ternary solid dispersions. Binary systems are composed of various ratios of glibenclamide (GBM) and polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVP-K30), whereas a constant amount at 2.5%w/w of a surfactant, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) or Gelucire44/14 (GLC), was added to create ternary systems. GBM nanoparticles were collected after the systems were dispersed in water for 15 min. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized for size distribution, crystallinity, thermal behavior, molecular structure, and dissolution properties. The results indicated that GBM nanoparticles could be formed when the drug content of the systems was lower than 30%w/w in binary systems and ternary systems containing SLS. The particle size ranged from 200 to 500 nm in diameter with narrow size distribution. The particle size was increased with increasing drug content in the systems. The obtained nanoparticles were spherical and showed the amorphous state. Furthermore, because of being amorphous form and reduced particle size, the dissolution of the generated nanoparticles was markedly improved compared with the GBM powder. In contrast, all the ternary solid dispersions prepared with GLC anomalously provided the crystalline particles with the size ranging over 5 µm and irregular shape. Interestingly, this was irrelevant to the drug content in the systems. These results indicated the ability of GLC to destabilize the polymer network surrounding the particles during particle precipitation. Therefore, this study suggested that drug content, quantity, and type of surfactant incorporated in solid dispersions drastically affected the physicochemical properties of the precipitated particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanu Thongnopkoon
- a Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Satit Puttipipatkhachorn
- a Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand.,b Center of Excellence in Innovative Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmacy , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
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17
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Miyazaki Y, Sugihara H, Nishiura A, Kadota K, Tozuka Y, Takeuchi H. Appropriate selection of an aggregation inhibitor of fine particles used for inhalation prepared by emulsion solvent diffusion. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2016; 43:30-41. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2016.1201099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Miyazaki
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
- Laboratory of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Kazunori Kadota
- Laboratory of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Tozuka
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
- Laboratory of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
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18
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Liu T, Müller RH, Möschwitzer JP. Effect of drug physico-chemical properties on the efficiency of top-down process and characterization of nanosuspension. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 12:1741-54. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.1057566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Thongnopkoon T, Puttipipatkhachorn S. New metastable form of glibenclamide prepared by redispersion from ternary solid dispersions containing polyvinylpyrrolidone-K30 and sodium lauryl sulfate. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2015; 42:70-79. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2015.1029938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thanu Thongnopkoon
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand and
| | - Satit Puttipipatkhachorn
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand and
- Center of Excellence in Innovative Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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20
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Attari Z, Bhandari A, Jagadish PC, Lewis S. Enhanced ex vivo intestinal absorption of olmesartan medoxomil nanosuspension: Preparation by combinative technology. Saudi Pharm J 2015; 24:57-63. [PMID: 26903769 PMCID: PMC4720021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop nanosuspension based on combinative technology to enhance the intestinal absorption of Olmesartan medoxomil (OLM), a potent antihypertensive agent with limited oral bioavailability. Two combinative approaches were employed and then characterized. In vitro intestinal absorption of OLM nanosuspension and plain OLM was studied using non-everted rat intestinal sac model. Optimal OLM nanosuspension was prepared by a combination of ball milling and probe sonication using stabilizer, Poloxamer 407. The formula exhibited particle size of 469.9 nm and zeta potential of −19.1 mV, which was subjected to ex vivo studies. The flux and apparent permeability coefficient in intestine from OLM nanosuspension was higher than the plain drug, thereby suggesting better drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenab Attari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Amita Bhandari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - P C Jagadish
- Department of Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Shaila Lewis
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India
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21
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D. Deshpande R, D. V. G, Vegesna NSKV, Vaghela R, P. K. K. The effect of nanonization on poorly water soluble glibenclamide using a liquid anti-solvent precipitation technique: aqueous solubility, in vitro and in vivo study. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra12678a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, efforts were made to optimize the process parameters of LAS technique for developing GLB NPs, in order to enhance the aqueous solubility as well as oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan D. Deshpande
- Dept. of Pharmaceutics
- JSS College of Pharmacy
- JSS University
- Mysuru
- India-570015
| | - Gowda D. V.
- Dept. of Pharmaceutics
- JSS College of Pharmacy
- JSS University
- Mysuru
- India-570015
| | | | - Rudra Vaghela
- Dept. of Pharmaceutics
- JSS College of Pharmacy
- JSS University
- Mysuru
- India-570015
| | - Kulkarni P. K.
- Dept. of Pharmaceutics
- JSS College of Pharmacy
- JSS University
- Mysuru
- India-570015
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22
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Jain S, Patel N, Lin S. Solubility and dissolution enhancement strategies: current understanding and recent trends. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2014; 41:875-87. [PMID: 25342479 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2014.971027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Identification of lead compounds with higher molecular weight and lower aqueous solubility has become increasingly prevalent with the advent of high throughput screening. Poor aqueous solubility of these lipophilic compounds can drastically affect the dissolution rate and subsequently the drug absorbed in the systemic circulation, imposing a significant burden of time and money during drug development process. Various pre-formulation and formulation strategies have been applied in the past that can improve the aqueous solubility of lipophilic compounds by manipulating either the crystal lattice properties or the activity coefficient of a solute in solution or both, if possible. However, despite various strategies available in the armor of formulation scientist, solubility issue still remains an overriding problem in the drug development process. It is perhaps due to the insufficient conceptual understanding of solubility and dissolution phenomenon that hinders the judgment in selecting suitable strategy for improving aqueous solubility and/or dissolution rate. This article, therefore, focuses on (i) revisiting the theoretical and mathematical concepts associated with solubility and dissolution, (ii) their application in making rationale decision for selecting suitable pre-formulation and formulation strategies and (iii) the relevant research performed in this field in past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Jain
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University , Queens, NY , USA
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Raghava Srivalli KM, Mishra B. Drug nanocrystals: A way toward scale-up. Saudi Pharm J 2014; 24:386-404. [PMID: 27330370 PMCID: PMC4908054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug nanocrystals comprise unique drug delivery platforms playing a significantly important and distinctive role in drug delivery and as such, the industry and academia are spending a lot of their time and money in developing the nanocrystal products. The current research works in this field depict a vivid shift from lab scale optimization studies to scale up focused studies. In this emerging scenario of nanocrystal technology, a review on some exemplary and progressing research studies with either scalability as their objective or upscaling as their future scope may smoothen the future upscaling attempts in this field. Hence, this paper reviews the efforts of such research works as case studies since an analysis of such research studies may input certain beneficial knowledge to carry out more scale up based research works on nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kale Mohana Raghava Srivalli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Brahmeshwar Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Pawar VK, Singh Y, Meher JG, Gupta S, Chourasia MK. Engineered nanocrystal technology: in-vivo fate, targeting and applications in drug delivery. J Control Release 2014; 183:51-66. [PMID: 24667572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Formulation of nanocrystals is a robust approach which can improve delivery of poorly water soluble drugs, a challenge pharmaceutical industry has been facing since long. Large scale production of nanocrystals is done by techniques like precipitation, media milling and, high pressure homogenization. Application of appropriate stabilizers along with drying accords long term stability and commercial viability to nanocrystals. These can be administered through oral, parenteral, pulmonary, dermal and ocular routes showing their high therapeutic applicability. They serve to target drug molecules in specific regions through size manipulation and surface modification. This review dwells upon the in-vivo fate and varying applications in addition to the facets of drug nanocrystals stated above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek K Pawar
- Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Yuvraj Singh
- Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Jaya Gopal Meher
- Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Siddharth Gupta
- Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Manish K Chourasia
- Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India.
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25
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Sarnes A, Kovalainen M, Häkkinen MR, Laaksonen T, Laru J, Kiesvaara J, Ilkka J, Oksala O, Rönkkö S, Järvinen K, Hirvonen J, Peltonen L. Nanocrystal-based per-oral itraconazole delivery: superior in vitro dissolution enhancement versus Sporanox® is not realized in in vivo drug absorption. J Control Release 2014; 180:109-16. [PMID: 24566254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscience holds true promise in enabling efficient formulation development and in vivo delivery of poorly water soluble drugs. The objective of this study was to formulate solid oral nanocrystal delivery systems of itraconazole, and thus enhance the oral bioavailability of the very poorly soluble drug. Nanocrystal suspensions were prepared by a rapid wet milling technique, after which the suspensions were transformed into solid dosage forms by both freeze drying and granulating. Finally, the obtained nanocrystalline powders were capsule-packed as well as compacted to tablets. After in vitro analysis, the formulations (nanocrystal suspension (NPs), freeze dried NPs, granulated NPs) were tested in vivo in a rat model, and compared with commercial itraconazole formulation (Sporanox). Importantly, the results indicated rapid dissolution of the nanocrystalline itraconazole with enhanced bioavailability compared to physical mixture. Drug dissolution in vitro was immediate from NPs and freeze dried powder, and differed significantly from the marketed product (P=0.004 and 0.002, correspondingly) until 30min. Freeze drying was detected to be especially advantageous for the solid dosage forms. It is possible to maintain the original character of the nanocrystals, e.g. rapid dissolution, even after tableting of the nanocrystalline powders. Interestingly, the marketed product out-performed the nanocrystalline formulations in vivo, even though the nanocrystals provided reasonable bioavailability of itraconazole absorption as well. The efficient in vitro dissolution enhancement of the nanocrystalline formulations compared to Sporanox® was not realized in in vivo drug absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Sarnes
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Miia Kovalainen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Merja R Häkkinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo Laaksonen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Laru
- Orion Pharma R&D, Formulation Research, Espoo, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Seppo Rönkkö
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kristiina Järvinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jouni Hirvonen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Peltonen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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26
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Combinative Particle Size Reduction Technologies for the Production of Drug Nanocrystals. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS 2014; 2014:265754. [PMID: 26556191 PMCID: PMC4590828 DOI: 10.1155/2014/265754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nanosizing is a suitable method to enhance the dissolution rate and therefore the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. The success of the particle size reduction processes depends on critical factors such as the employed technology, equipment, and drug physicochemical properties. High pressure homogenization and wet bead milling are standard comminution techniques that have been already employed to successfully formulate poorly soluble drugs and bring them to market. However, these techniques have limitations in their particle size reduction performance, such as long production times and the necessity of employing a micronized drug as the starting material. This review article discusses the development of combinative methods, such as the NANOEDGE, H 96, H 69, H 42, and CT technologies. These processes were developed to improve the particle size reduction effectiveness of the standard techniques. These novel technologies can combine bottom-up and/or top-down techniques in a two-step process. The combinative processes lead in general to improved particle size reduction effectiveness. Faster production of drug nanocrystals and smaller final mean particle sizes are among the main advantages. The combinative particle size reduction technologies are very useful formulation tools, and they will continue acquiring importance for the production of drug nanocrystals.
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Shakeel F, Haq N, Alanazi FK, Alsarra IA. Self-nanoemulsifying performance of two grades of Lauroglycol (Lauroglycol-90 and Lauroglycol-FCC) in the presence of mixed nonionic surfactants. Pharm Dev Technol 2013; 19:799-805. [PMID: 23964928 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2013.829099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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