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Golomb BA, Berg BK, Han JH. Susceptibility to radiation adverse effects in veterans with Gulf War illness and healthy civilians. Sci Rep 2024; 14:874. [PMID: 38195674 PMCID: PMC10776672 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50083-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
We evaluated whether veterans with Gulf War illness (VGWI) report greater ionizing radiation adverse effects (RadAEs) than controls; whether radiation-sensitivity is tied to reported chemical-sensitivity; and whether environmental exposures are apparent risk factors for reported RadAEs (rRadAEs). 81 participants (41 VGWI, 40 controls) rated exposure to, and rRadAEs from, four radiation types. The relations of RadAE-propensity (defined as the ratio of rRadAEs to summed radiation exposures) to Gulf War illness (GWI) presence and severity, and to reported chemical-sensitivity were assessed. Ordinal logistic regression evaluated exposure prediction of RadAE-propensity in the full sample, in VGWI, and stratified by age and chemical-sensitivity. RadAE-propensity was increased in VGWI (vs. controls) and related to GWI severity (p < 0.01) and chemical-sensitivity (p < 0.01). Past carbon monoxide (CO) exposure emerged as a strong, robust predictor of RadAE-propensity on univariable and multivariable analyses (p < 0.001 on multivariable assessment, without and with adjustment for VGWI case status), retaining significance in age-stratified and chemical-sensitivity-stratified replication analyses. Thus, RadAE-propensity, a newly-described GWI-feature, relates to chemical-sensitivity, and is predicted by CO exposure-both features reported for nonionizing radiation sensitivity, consistent with shared mitochondrial/oxidative toxicity across radiation frequencies. Greater RadAE vulnerability fits an emerging picture of heightened drug/chemical susceptibility in VGWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Alexandra Golomb
- Department of Medicine, UC San Diego School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. #0995, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0995, USA.
| | - Brinton Keith Berg
- Department of Medicine, UC San Diego School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. #0995, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0995, USA
| | - Jun Hee Han
- Department of Medicine, UC San Diego School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. #0995, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0995, USA
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Juhl CR, Burgdorf J, Knudsen C, Lubberding AF, Veedfald S, Isaksen JL, Hartmann B, Frikke-Schmidt R, Mandrup-Poulsen T, Holst JJ, Kanters JK, Torekov SS. A randomized, double-blind, crossover study of the effect of the fluoroquinolone moxifloxacin on glucose levels and insulin sensitivity in young men and women. Diabetes Obes Metab 2023; 25:98-109. [PMID: 36054143 PMCID: PMC10087839 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM The voltage-gated potassium channel Kv 11.1 is important for repolarizing the membrane potential in excitable cells such as myocytes, pancreatic α- and β-cells. Moxifloxacin blocks the Kv 11.1 channel and increases the risk of hypoglycaemia in patients with diabetes. We investigated glucose regulation and secretion of glucoregulatory hormones in young people with and without moxifloxacin, a drug known to block the Kv 11.1 channel. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of moxifloxacin (800 mg/day for 4 days) or placebo on glucose regulation was assessed in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study of young men and women (age 20-40 years and body mass index 18.5-27.5 kg/m2 ) without chronic disease, using 6-h oral glucose tolerance tests and continuous glucose monitoring. RESULTS Thirty-eight participants completed the study. Moxifloxacin prolonged the QTcF interval and increased heart rate. Hypoglycaemia was more frequently observed with moxifloxacin, both during the 8 days of continuous glucose monitoring and during the oral glucose tolerance tests. Hypoglycaemia questionnaire scores were higher after intake of moxifloxacin. Moxifloxacin reduced the early plasma-glucose response (AUC0-30 min ) by 7% (95% CI: -9% to -4%, p < .01), and overall insulin response (AUC0-360 min ) decreased by 18% (95% CI: -24% to -11%, p < .01) and plasma glucagon increased by 17% (95% CI: 4%-33%, p = .03). Insulin sensitivity calculated as the Matsuda index increased by 11%, and MISI, an index of muscle insulin sensitivity, increased by 34%. CONCLUSIONS In young men and women, moxifloxacin, a drug known to block the Kv 11.1 channel, increased QT interval, decreased glucose levels and was associated with increased muscle insulin sensitivity and more frequent episodes of hypoglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian R Juhl
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Josephine Burgdorf
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Knudsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anniek F Lubberding
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simon Veedfald
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas L Isaksen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bolette Hartmann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Mandrup-Poulsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens J Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen K Kanters
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Signe S Torekov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Yang M, Wang M, Zhou J, Wang T, Liu F, Li P, Li S, Zhang L, Liu Q. Establishment of metrological traceability for fluoroquinolones measurement in monitoring plan of quality and safety for agro-product in China. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Tengeler AC, Emmerzaal TL, Geenen B, Verweij V, van Bodegom M, Morava E, Kiliaan AJ, Kozicz T. Early-adolescent antibiotic exposure results in mitochondrial and behavioral deficits in adult male mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12875. [PMID: 34145328 PMCID: PMC8213690 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92203-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to antibiotic treatment has been associated with increased vulnerability to various psychiatric disorders. However, a research gap exists in understanding how adolescent antibiotic therapy affects behavior and cognition. Many antibiotics that target bacterial translation may also affect mitochondrial translation resulting in impaired mitochondrial function. The brain is one of the most metabolically active organs, and hence is the most vulnerable to impaired mitochondrial function. We hypothesized that exposure to antibiotics during early adolescence would directly affect brain mitochondrial function, and result in altered behavior and cognition. We administered amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, or gentamicin in the drinking water to young adolescent male wild-type mice. Next, we assayed mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation complex activities in the cerebral cortex, performed behavioral screening and targeted mass spectrometry-based acylcarnitine profiling in the cerebral cortex. We found that mice exposed to chloramphenicol showed increased repetitive and compulsive-like behavior in the marble burying test, an accurate and sensitive assay of anxiety, concomitant with decreased mitochondrial complex IV activity. Our results suggest that only adolescent chloramphenicol exposure leads to impaired brain mitochondrial complex IV function, and could therefore be a candidate driver event for increased anxiety-like and repetitive, compulsive-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk C Tengeler
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Centre for Medical Neuroscience, Preclinical Imaging Centre PRIME, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tim L Emmerzaal
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Centre for Medical Neuroscience, Preclinical Imaging Centre PRIME, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Bram Geenen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Centre for Medical Neuroscience, Preclinical Imaging Centre PRIME, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Vivienne Verweij
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Centre for Medical Neuroscience, Preclinical Imaging Centre PRIME, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Miranda van Bodegom
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Centre for Medical Neuroscience, Preclinical Imaging Centre PRIME, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Morava
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amanda J Kiliaan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Centre for Medical Neuroscience, Preclinical Imaging Centre PRIME, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tamas Kozicz
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Centre for Medical Neuroscience, Preclinical Imaging Centre PRIME, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Hou Y, Li Q, He W, Li M, Xue J, Li X, Li Y. Enhanced biodegradation of modified fluoroquinolone for aerobic, facultative, and anaerobic processes using quantitative structure-activity relationship, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.107981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Dalhoff A. Selective toxicity of antibacterial agents-still a valid concept or do we miss chances and ignore risks? Infection 2021; 49:29-56. [PMID: 33367978 PMCID: PMC7851017 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-020-01536-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selective toxicity antibacteribiotics is considered to be due to interactions with targets either being unique to bacteria or being characterized by a dichotomy between pro- and eukaryotic pathways with high affinities of agents to bacterial- rather than eukaryotic targets. However, the theory of selective toxicity oversimplifies the complex modes of action of antibiotics in pro- and eukaryotes. METHODS AND OBJECTIVE This review summarizes data describing multiple modes of action of antibiotics in eukaryotes. RESULTS Aminoglycosides, macrolides, oxazolidinones, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, tetracyclines, glycylcyclines, fluoroquinolones, rifampicin, bedaquillin, ß-lactams inhibited mitochondrial translation either due to binding to mitosomes, inhibition of mitochondrial RNA-polymerase-, topoisomerase 2ß-, ATP-synthesis, transporter activities. Oxazolidinones, tetracyclines, vancomycin, ß-lactams, bacitracin, isoniazid, nitroxoline inhibited matrix-metalloproteinases (MMP) due to chelation with zinc and calcium, whereas fluoroquinols fluoroquinolones and chloramphenicol chelated with these cations, too, but increased MMP activities. MMP-inhibition supported clinical efficacies of ß-lactams and daptomycin in skin-infections, and of macrolides, tetracyclines in respiratory-diseases. Chelation may have contributed to neuroprotection by ß-lactams and fluoroquinolones. Aminoglycosides, macrolides, chloramphenicol, oxazolidins oxazolidinones, tetracyclines caused read-through of premature stop codons. Several additional targets for antibiotics in human cells have been identified like interaction of fluoroquinolones with DNA damage repair in eukaryotes, or inhibition of mucin overproduction by oxazolidinones. CONCLUSION The effects of antibiotics on eukaryotes are due to identical mechanisms as their antibacterial activities because of structural and functional homologies of pro- and eukaryotic targets, so that the effects of antibiotics on mammals are integral parts of their overall mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Dalhoff
- Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Institue for Infection Medicine, Brunswiker Str. 4, D-24105, Kiel, Germany.
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7
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Sun P, Zhao Y, Yang L, Ren Z, Zhao W. Environmentally Friendly Quinolones Design for a Two-Way Choice between Biotoxicity and Genotoxicity through Double-Activity 3D-QSAR Model Coupled with the Variation Weighting Method. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E9398. [PMID: 33333906 PMCID: PMC7765274 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Quinolone (QN) antibiotics are widely used, which lead to their accumulation in soil and toxic effects on ryegrass in pasture. In this study, we employed ryegrass as the research object and selected the total scores of 29 QN molecules docked with two resistant enzyme structures, superoxide dismutase (SOD, PDB ID: 1B06) and proline (Pro, PPEP-2, PDB ID: 6FPC), as dependent variables. The structural parameters of QNs were used as independent variables to construct a QN double-activity 3D-QSAR model for determining the biotoxicity on ryegrass by employing the variation weighting method. This model was constructed to determine modification sites and groups for designing QNs molecules. According to the 3D contour map of the model, by considering enrofloxacin (ENR) and sparfloxacin (SPA) as examples, 23 QN derivatives with low biotoxicity were designed, respectively. The functional properties and environmental friendliness of the QN derivatives were predicted through a two-way selection between biotoxicity and genotoxicity before and after modification; four environmentally friendly derivatives with low biotoxicity and high genotoxicity were screened out. Mixed toxicity index and molecular dynamics methods were used to verify the combined toxicity mechanism of QNs on ryegrass before and after modification. By simulating the combined pollution of ENR and its derivatives in different soils (farmland, garden, and woodland), the types of combined toxicity were determined as partial additive and synergistic. Binding energies were calculated using molecular dynamics. The designed QN derivatives with low biotoxicity, high genotoxicity, and environmental friendliness can highly reduce the combined toxicity on ryegrass and can be used as theoretic reserves to replace QN antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixuan Sun
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (P.S.); (L.Y.)
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China;
| | - Luze Yang
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (P.S.); (L.Y.)
| | - Zhixing Ren
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China;
| | - Wenjin Zhao
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (P.S.); (L.Y.)
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Rocha AL, de Lima TI, de Souza GP, Corrêa RO, Ferrucci DL, Rodrigues B, Lopes-Ramos C, Nilsson D, Knittel TL, Castro PR, Fernandes MF, Dos Santos Martins F, Parmigiani RB, Silveira LR, Carvalho HF, Auwerx J, Vinolo MAR, Boucher J, Mori MA. Enoxacin induces oxidative metabolism and mitigates obesity by regulating adipose tissue miRNA expression. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabc6250. [PMID: 33268375 PMCID: PMC7710362 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc6250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in oxidative metabolism and brown/beige adipocyte identity. Here, we tested whether widespread changes in miRNA expression promoted by treatment with the small-molecule enoxacin cause browning and prevent obesity. Enoxacin mitigated diet-induced obesity in mice, and this was associated with increased energy expenditure. Consistently, subcutaneous white and brown adipose tissues and skeletal muscle of enoxacin-treated mice had higher levels of markers associated with thermogenesis and oxidative metabolism. These effects were cell autonomous since they were recapitulated in vitro in murine and human cell models. In preadipocytes, enoxacin led to a reduction of miR-34a-5p expression and up-regulation of its target genes (e.g., Fgfr1, Klb, and Sirt1), thus increasing FGF21 signaling and promoting beige adipogenesis. Our data demonstrate that enoxacin counteracts obesity by promoting thermogenic signaling and inducing oxidative metabolism in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in a mechanism that involves, at least in part, miRNA-mediated regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa Livia Rocha
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Biophysics, São Paulo School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tanes Imamura de Lima
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gerson Profeta de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Renan Oliveira Corrêa
- Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Danilo Lopes Ferrucci
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Photonics Applied to Cell Biology (INFABiC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Bruno Rodrigues
- Department of Adapted Physical Activity, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Camila Lopes-Ramos
- Center of Molecular Oncology, Sírio-Libanês Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Daniel Nilsson
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
- The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thiago Leite Knittel
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Pollyana Ribeiro Castro
- Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mariane Font Fernandes
- Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Flaviano Dos Santos Martins
- Laboratory of Biotherapeutics Agents, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo Reis Silveira
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Hernandes F Carvalho
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Photonics Applied to Cell Biology (INFABiC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marco Aurélio R Vinolo
- Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jeremie Boucher
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
- The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marcelo A Mori
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
- Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Biophysics, São Paulo School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), Campinas, Brazil
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Yang M, Liu F, Wang M, Zhou J, Zhang L, Wang T. Development of a whole liquid egg certified reference material for accurate measurement of enrofloxacin residue. Food Chem 2020; 309:125253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Twist and Turn-Topoisomerase Functions in Mitochondrial DNA Maintenance. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20082041. [PMID: 31027213 PMCID: PMC6514783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20082041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Like any genome, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) also requires the action of topoisomerases to resolve topological problems in its maintenance, but for a long time, little was known about mitochondrial topoisomerases. The last years have brought a closer insight into the function of these fascinating enzymes in mtDNA topology regulation, replication, transcription, and segregation. Here, we summarize the current knowledge about mitochondrial topoisomerases, paying special attention to mammalian mitochondrial genome maintenance. We also discuss the open gaps in the existing knowledge of mtDNA topology control and the potential involvement of mitochondrial topoisomerases in human pathologies. While Top1mt, the only exclusively mitochondrial topoisomerase in mammals, has been studied intensively for nearly a decade, only recent studies have shed some light onto the mitochondrial function of Top2β and Top3α, enzymes that are shared between nucleus and mitochondria. Top3α mediates the segregation of freshly replicated mtDNA molecules, and its dysfunction leads to mtDNA aggregation and copy number depletion in patients. Top2β, in contrast, regulates mitochondrial DNA replication and transcription through the alteration of mtDNA topology, a fact that should be acknowledged due to the frequent use of Topoisomerase 2 inhibitors in medical therapy.
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Hisab AS. Effects of cyclic AMP on the differentiation and bioenergetics of rat C6 glioma cells. Int J Neurosci 2018; 129:230-244. [PMID: 30232914 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2018.1526798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Elevation in the level of intracellular cAMP is known to induce astrocytic differentiation of C6 glioma cells by unknown mechanisms. METHODS Therefore, cytoskeletal protein genes (phalloidin) fluorescents to investigate morphological changes, cell proliferation assay, MTT assay, flow cytometry, western blotting, in-cell western, immune-cytochemical (protein expression and localization), and oxygen electrodes (oxygen consumption rate) after a treatment with 0.25 mM dbcAMP were conducted. RESULTS Undifferentiated cells (media without dbcAMP) showed a flat polygonal appearance, whereas those cultured in the presence of 0.25 mM dbcAMP exhibited a more differentiated astrocytic morphology. They had more numerous neurite-like thin processes. The cell proliferation of differentiated c6 glioma reduced at day 2 and then started to increase at day 3 till day 5 compared to undifferentiated c6 glioma cells. In terms of flow-cytometry data, dbcAMP had no apoptotic effect on the C6 glioma cells. There was an increase in the protein expression GFAP (specific marker for astrocytes). There was no significant effect between undifferentiated and 5-day differentiation regarding their response to glucose 10 mM. In addition, there were no significant effects of glucose on the basal of 5-day differentiation of C6 glioma cells. However, there was a significant correlation between the concentration of glucose and inhibition of the basal oxygen consumption. Finally, glucose 10 mM did not stimulate NAD (P)H levels of C6 glioma cells. CONCLUSION The above results showed that cAMP induce C6 glioma cells differentiation without affecting its bioenergetics. Therefore cAMP is considered to be the best differentiating agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Hisab
- a School of life Sciences , Queens Medical Centre , Nottingham , UK.,b Department of internal medicine, Faculty of veterinary medicine , Basrah University , Basra , Iraq
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Lleonart ME, Grodzicki R, Graifer DM, Lyakhovich A. Mitochondrial dysfunction and potential anticancer therapy. Med Res Rev 2017; 37:1275-1298. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Grodzicki
- Thomas Steitz Laboratory; Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Center for Structural Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Yale University; New Haven Connecticut
| | | | - Alex Lyakhovich
- Oncology Program; Vall D'Hebron Research Institute; Barcelona Spain
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Novosibirsk; Russia
- International Clinical Research Center and St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; Czech Republic
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Nadia MSA, Sayed MR, Sara AM. Exploration of the neurotoxicity of ciprofloxcin or gatifloxacin single dose in rat cortex and hippocampus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5897/ajpp2014.4231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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