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Chomová N, Pavloková S, Sondorová M, Mudroňová D, Fečkaninová A, Popelka P, Koščová J, Žitňan R, Franc A. Development and evaluation of a fish feed mixture containing the probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum prepared using an innovative pellet coating method. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1196884. [PMID: 37377950 PMCID: PMC10291687 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1196884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Due to the intensification of fish farming and the associated spread of antimicrobial resistance among animals and humans, it is necessary to discover new alternatives in the therapy and prophylaxis of diseases. Probiotics appear to be promising candidates because of their ability to stimulate immune responses and suppress the growth of pathogens. Methods The aim of this study was to prepare fish feed mixtures with various compositions and, based on their physical characteristics (sphericity, flow rate, density, hardness, friability, and loss on drying), choose the most suitable one for coating with the selected probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum R2 Biocenol™ CCM 8674 (new nom. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum). The probiotic strain was examined through sequence analysis for the presence of plantaricin- related genes. An invented coating technology based on a dry coating with colloidal silica followed by starch hydrogel containing L. plantarum was applied to pellets and tested for the viability of probiotics during an 11-month period at different temperatures (4°C and 22°C). The release kinetics of probiotics in artificial gastric juice and in water (pH = 2 and pH = 7) were also determined. Chemical and nutritional analyses were conducted for comparison of the quality of the control and coated pellets. Results and discussion The results showed a gradual and sufficient release of probiotics for a 24-hour period, from 104 CFU at 10 mi up to 106 at the end of measurement in both environments. The number of living probiotic bacteria was stable during the whole storage period at 4°C (108), and no significant decrease in living probiotic bacteria was observed. Sanger sequencing revealed the presence of plantaricin A and plantaricin EF. Chemical analysis revealed an increase in multiple nutrients compared to the uncoated cores. These findings disclose that the invented coating method with a selected probiotic strain improved nutrient composition and did not worsen any of the physical characteristics of pellets. Applied probiotics are also gradually released into the environment and have a high survival rate when stored at 4°C for a long period of time. The outputs of this study confirm the potential of prepared and tested probiotic fish mixtures for future use in in vivo experiments and in fish farms for the prevention of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Chomová
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Sylvie Pavloková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Miriam Sondorová
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Dagmar Mudroňová
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Adriána Fečkaninová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Peter Popelka
- Department of Food Hygiene, Technology and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jana Koščová
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Rudolf Žitňan
- Research Institute for Animal Production, National Agricultural and Food Center, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Aleš Franc
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
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Uskoković V. Supplementation of Polymeric Reservoirs with Redox-Responsive Metallic Nanoparticles as a New Concept for the Smart Delivery of Insulin in Diabetes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:786. [PMID: 36676521 PMCID: PMC9862131 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is caused by the inability of the pancreatic beta cells to produce sufficient amounts of insulin, an anabolic hormone promoting the absorption of the blood glucose by various cells in the body, primarily hepatocytes and skeletal muscle cells. This form of impaired metabolism has been traditionally treated with subcutaneous insulin injections. However, because one such method of administration does not directly correspond to the glucose concentrations in the blood and may fail to reduce hyperglycemia or cause hypoglycemia, the delivery of insulin in a glucose-dependent manner has been researched intensely in the present and past. This study tested the novel idea that the supplementation of polymeric reservoirs containing insulin with metallic nanoparticle precursors responsive to the redox effect of glucose could be used to create triggers for the release of insulin in direct response to the concentration of glucose in the tissue. For that purpose, manganese oxide nanoparticles were dispersed inside a poly(ε-caprolactone) matrix loaded with an insulin proxy and the resulting composite was exposed to different concentrations of glucose. The release of the insulin proxy occurred in direct proportion to the concentration of glucose in the medium. Mechanistically, as per the central hypothesis of the study, glucose reduced the manganese cations contained within the metal oxide phase, forming finer and more dissipative zero-valent metallic nanoparticles, thus disrupting the polymeric network, opening up pores in the matrix and facilitating the release of the captured drug. The choice of manganese for this study over other metals was justified by its use as a supplement for protection against diabetes. Numerical analysis of the release mechanism revealed an increasingly nonlinear and anomalous release accompanied by a higher diffusion rate at the expense of chain rigidity as the glucose concentration increased. Future studies should focus on rendering the glucose-controlled release (i) feasible within the physiological pH range and (ii) sensitive to physiologically relevant glucose concentrations. These technical improvements of the fundamental new concept proven here may bring it closer to a real-life application for the mitigation of symptoms of hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuk Uskoković
- TardigradeNano LLC, 7 Park Vista, Irvine, CA 92604, USA; or or
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
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Pooresmaeil M, Namazi H. Developments on carboxymethyl starch-based smart systems as promising drug carriers: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 258:117654. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Gretić M, Štanfel M, Barbarić J, Rimac N, Matijašić G. In vitro behavior of dronedarone hydrochloride loaded pellets using vacuum impregnation technique. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 162:70-81. [PMID: 33727144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical pellets are a versatile and adaptable drug carrier system with pharmacological and technological advantages specific to multiparticulate delivery systems. Depending on their porosity and formulation procedure, a controlled drug release pattern can be achieved using a variety of pellet production and drug loading techniques. In the present paper, we have developed microcrystalline cellulose based porous pellets by extrusion/spheronization process. Two types of dronedarone hydrochloride suspensions were prepared in order to load drug onto carrier pellets using vacuum impregnation method. Despite its extensive use in the biomedical field of research, this technique hasn't been applied yet as means of incorporating drugs into inert and porous pellets. In addition, drug release control was tested by spray coating the pellets with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose in a fluidized bed. Pellet morphology, porosity and dissolution behavior were determined and the results indicate that DNR particle size affects the drug incorporation mechanism and, therefore, drug release patterns obtained through in vitro tests. Additionally, it was proven that polymer-based film-coat significantly slows down the drug release from the pellets. In vitro studies of the coated pellets in biorelevant fluids have shown that DNR release profiles are directly related to the type of dissolution media used. Vacuum impregnation was found to be promising technique for incorporation of DNR onto the surface of the porous pellets and into their pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gretić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - M Štanfel
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - J Barbarić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - N Rimac
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - G Matijašić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Razavi R, Kenari RE, Farmani J, Jahanshahi M. Preparation of double-layer nanoemulsions with controlled release of glucose as prevention of hypoglycemia in diabetic patients. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111464. [PMID: 33725590 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Encapsulation systems promote targeted delivery to the gastrointestinal tract. An oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsion was covered using new delivery system composition based on zein and sodium alginate. The impact of aqueous phase (distilled water and cooked pumpkin puree), pH (2-4), and zein-alginate concentration solution (0.05-0.20% w/v) was investigated on particle size, zeta potential, incorporation efficiency (IE), stability, viscosity, and glucose release from single-layer (SLN) and double-layer nanoemulsion (DLN). DLNs showed a larger droplet size and zeta potential. The slow gradual release of glucose proved effective application of zein/alginate as delivery system for nanoemulsion. Moreover, cooked pumpkin and 0.12% of zein exhibited more delayed release of glucose than distilled water as an aqueous phase of DLN and as a delivery system respectively. Up-to-49% IE, up-to-50% stability in a period of 7-day storage, and controlled-release glucose for 240 min under in vitro gastrointestinal conditions were obtained in DLN. The results of the current study revealed that SLN covered by zein at 0.12% of concentration can be an ideal delivery system composition for patients with hypoglycemia and clinical problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razie Razavi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Mazandaran 48181-68984, Iran.
| | - Reza Esmaeilzadeh Kenari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Mazandaran 48181-68984, Iran.
| | - Jamshid Farmani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Mazandaran 48181-68984, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Jahanshahi
- Department of Biotechnology, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Mazandaran 47148-71167, Iran.
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Unique coated neusilin pellets with a more distinct and fast visual detection of nerve agents and other cholinesterase inhibitors. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 179:113004. [PMID: 31791835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.113004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Pellets with an immobilized enzyme (acetyl- or butyrylcholinesterase) are the up-to-date type of carriers used for the detection of nerve agents (soman, sarin, tabun, VX, Novichok) and other cholinesterase inhibitors such as organophosphate and carbamate insecticides (parathion, malathion). They are used in the glass detection tubes as a layer containing the enzyme together with the second layer, which contains a colorimetric reagent and substrate. The detection method is based on the visually or spectrophotometrically observable Ellman's reaction, which develops a yellow color in the absence of the cholinesterase inhibitor; otherwise, the detector preserves its original color (preferably white). This reaction occurs very fast and has a high sensitivity to nerve agents but it suffers from an indistinctive color transition from white to yellow. In the presented study, a new approach with the use of the synergic effect of magnesium aluminometasilicate with a high surface area marketed as Neusilin®US2 and a protective semipermeable Eudragit® RL layer was utilized. The prepared pellets have been evaluated for their properties such as the activity of the enzyme, intensity of the developed yellow color, sensitivity to cholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine, which acts as a nerve agent simulant, and physical parameters such as hardness, pycnometric density and sphericity. After the initial evaluation, all samples underwent a stability test under three different storage conditions for 24 months during which they were evaluated at given time points (0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months). It was found that the prepared samples achieved a much higher intensity of developed yellow color than in the published studies while maintaining similar or better sensitivity, speed of detection and suitable physico-chemical properties.
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Pavloková S, Muselík J, Sabadková D, Bernatová S, Samek O, Neumann D, Franc A. The effects of the treatment conditions on the dissolution profile of ethylcellulose coated pellets. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 132:86-95. [PMID: 30825510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Due to the additional particle coalescence in the coating, changes in the dissolution profile occur over time in the formulations coated by aqueous ethylcellulose latex. Dry thermal treatment (DT) of the coating can be used as a prevention of this process. Alternatively, it is advisable to take advantage of the synergistic effect of high humidity during wet treatment (WT), which substantially accelerates the film formation. This can be a problem for time-controlled systems, which are based on the coating rupture due to the penetration of water into the core causing the increase in the system volume. This process can begin already during the WT, which may affect the coating adversely. The submitted work was focused on the stability testing of two pellet core compositions: pellets containing swelling superdisintegrant sodium carboxymethyl starch (CMS) and pellets containing osmotically active polyethylene glycol (PEG). Another objective was to identify the treatment/storage condition effects on the pellet dissolution profiles. These pellets are intended to prevent hypoglycemia for patients with diabetes mellitus and therefore, besides the excipients, pellet cores contain 75% or 80% of glucose. The pellet coating is formed by ethylcellulose-based latex, which provides the required lag time (120-360 min). The sample stability was evaluated depending on the pellet core composition (PEG, CMS) for two types of final pellet coating treatment (DT or WT). Scanning electron microscopy and Raman microspectroscopy revealed the penetration of glucose and polyethylene glycol from the core to the PEG pellet surface after WT. For the CMS sample, significant pellet swelling after WT (under the conditions of elevated humidity) was statistically confirmed by the means of stereomicroscopic data evaluation. Therefore, the acceleration of dissolution rate during the stress tests is caused by the soluble substance penetration through the coating in the case of PEG pellets or by dosage form volume increase in the case of CMS pellets. The observed mechanisms can be generally anticipated during the stability testing of the ethylcellulose coated dosage forms. The aforementioned processes do not occur after DT and the pellets are stable in the environment without increased humidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Pavloková
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Muselík
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Dana Sabadková
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Silvie Bernatová
- Institute of Scientific Instruments (ISI), Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Kralovopolska 147, 612 64 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ota Samek
- Institute of Scientific Instruments (ISI), Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Kralovopolska 147, 612 64 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Neumann
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Franc
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
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Issa MG, Souza NVD, Duque MD, Ferraz HG. Physical characterization of multiparticulate systems. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902017000400216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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9
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Zeman J, Vetchý D, Franc A, Pavloková S, Pitschmann V, Matějovský L. The development of a butyrylcholinesterase porous pellet for innovative detection of cholinesterase inhibitors. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 109:548-555. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Neumann D, Muselík J, Sabadková D, Pavloková S, Špirková J, Franc A. Clinical assessment of the lag-time and t max of pellets with controlled release of glucose: in vitro/in vivo comparison using 13 C-breath test. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2017; 38:458-463. [PMID: 28670738 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining a stable glycaemia in diabetes mellitus type 1 requires flexible insulin administration and carbohydrate intake to affected individuals. In real life, there might be some situations limiting the insulin-sugar balance control, e.g. night sleep or prolonged sporting activities. Glucose pellets with a pre-determined time lag between the pellet administration and glucose release were developed to mimic a 'snack eaten in advance'. In this article, a 13 C-glucose breath test was introduced to translate laboratory dissolution testing to clinical confirmation of the glucose release pattern using 5% δ abundance to differentiate the appearance of in 13 C exhaled breath. An independent two-sample t-test (p = 0.20) confirmed an average clinical lag time of 300 min and an in vitro time of 338 min to be identical at a level of significance of α = 0.05. Moreover, using the same statistical method, the clinical tmax (564 min) and the in vitro t50 (594 min) were also considered identical (p = 0.34). It was concluded that dissolution testing is a relevant method to determine the time lags of dosage forms with controlled release of glucose and that the 13 C-glucose breath test is a suitable clinical tool for lag time verification in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Neumann
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty Hradec Králové, Charles University Prague, and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolská 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Muselík
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Sabadková
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sylvie Pavloková
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Špirková
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, Medical Faculty Hradec Králové, Charles University Prague, and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolská 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Franc
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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Rioland G, Bullot L, Daou TJ, Simon-Masseron A, Chaplais G, Faye D, Fiani E, Patarin J. Elaboration of FAU-type zeolite beads with good mechanical performances for molecular decontamination. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra23258a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
FAU-type zeolite beads were formed through an shearer/mixer using organic binder (carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)) or inorganic binder (anhydrous sodium metasilicate (Na2SiO3)).
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Rioland
- Université de Strasbourg (UdS)
- Université de Haute Alsace (UHA)
- Equipe Matériaux à Porosité Contrôlée (MPC)
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M)
- F-68093 Mulhouse
| | - L. Bullot
- Université de Strasbourg (UdS)
- Université de Haute Alsace (UHA)
- Equipe Matériaux à Porosité Contrôlée (MPC)
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M)
- F-68093 Mulhouse
| | - T. J. Daou
- Université de Strasbourg (UdS)
- Université de Haute Alsace (UHA)
- Equipe Matériaux à Porosité Contrôlée (MPC)
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M)
- F-68093 Mulhouse
| | - A. Simon-Masseron
- Université de Strasbourg (UdS)
- Université de Haute Alsace (UHA)
- Equipe Matériaux à Porosité Contrôlée (MPC)
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M)
- F-68093 Mulhouse
| | - G. Chaplais
- Université de Strasbourg (UdS)
- Université de Haute Alsace (UHA)
- Equipe Matériaux à Porosité Contrôlée (MPC)
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M)
- F-68093 Mulhouse
| | - D. Faye
- Service Laboratoires & Expertise
- Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES)
- 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9
- France
| | - E. Fiani
- French Agency for Environment and Energy Management (ADEME)
- 49004 Angers Cedex 01
- France
| | - J. Patarin
- Université de Strasbourg (UdS)
- Université de Haute Alsace (UHA)
- Equipe Matériaux à Porosité Contrôlée (MPC)
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M)
- F-68093 Mulhouse
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Franc A, Sabadková D, Neumann D, Pavloková S, Kopecká P, Muselík J. Interdiction of hypoglycemia in diabetic children by multiparticulate dosage form with controlled glucose release. Pharm Dev Technol 2015; 21:867-874. [PMID: 26334252 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2015.1073741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Patients tend to evade the occurrence of hypoglycemic episodes by excessive carbohydrate intake. Glucose pellets with delayed release in the time of the maximum effect of insulin can not only prevent hypoglycemia but also eliminate the preventive carbohydrate intake. The pellets can be administered in a mixture with semisolid food. The cores containing glucose in combination with osmotically active agents (croscarmellose sodium, carmellose sodium, polyethylene glycol, or carboxymethyl starch) were prepared by extrusion-spheronization and coated with 15% water ethylcellulose dispersion (Surelease® B NF) in Wurster column (Medipo, Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic) into four coating levels (12.5, 25, 35, and 50%). Mean particle size is 0.63-0.73 for cores and 0.82-0.98 for coated pellets. Cores and coated pellets have excellent or good flow properties according to Hausner ratio and Carr index. Aspect ratio ranges from 1.78 to 2.17 for cores and from 1.73 to 2.31 for coated pellets. Dissolution was performed using pH-independent method and method with continual change of pH. The suitable pH-independent release was achieved in the samples containing carboxymethyl starch or polyethylene glycol. Glucose release is enabled by a membrane rupture caused by core swelling. It can be, therefore, assumed that the glucose release profile will not be affected by food or transit time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleš Franc
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Brno , Czech Republic and
| | - Dana Sabadková
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Brno , Czech Republic and
| | - David Neumann
- b Department of Pediatrics , University Hospital , Hradec Králové , Czech Republic
| | - Sylvie Pavloková
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Brno , Czech Republic and
| | - Pavlína Kopecká
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Brno , Czech Republic and
| | - Jan Muselík
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Brno , Czech Republic and
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