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Akor FO, Edo GD, Nelson FA, Johnson AU, Iyam SO, Abubakar MN, Gulack AO, Ubah CB, Ekpong BO, Benjamin I. Surface modification of graphene and fullerene with Sulfur (S), Selenium (Se), and Oxygen (O): DFT Simulation for enhanced zidovudine delivery in HIV treatment. BMC Chem 2024; 18:156. [PMID: 39192298 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-024-01259-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
HIV is one of the most threatening health conditions with a highly increasing rate, affecting millions of people globally, and from its time of discovery until now, its potential cure cannot be explicitly defined. This challenge of having no/low effective drugs for the subjected virus has called for serious attention in the scientific world of virus disease therapeutics. Most of these drugs yields low effectiveness due to poor delivery; hence, there is a need for novel engineering methods for efficient delivery. In this study, two nanomaterilas (graphene; GP, and fullerene; C60) were modelled and investigated with sulfur (S), selenium (Se), and oxygen (O) atoms, to facilitate the delivery of zidovudine (ZVD). This investigation was computationally investigated using the density functional theory (DFT), calculated at B3LYP functional and Gd3bj/Def2svp level of theory. Results from the frontier molecular orbital (FMO), revealed that the GP/C60_S_ZVD complex calculated the least energy gap of 0.668 eV, thus suggesting a favourable interactions. The study of adsorption energy revealed chemisorption among all the interacting complexes wherein GP/C60_S_ZVD complex (-1.59949 eV) was highlighted as the most interacting system, thereby proving its potential for the delivery of ZVD. The outcome of this research urges that a combination of GP and C60 modified with chalcogen particularly, O, S, and Se can aid in facilitating the delivery of zidovudine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith O Akor
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Godwin D Edo
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Favour A Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | | | - Solomon O Iyam
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Muhammad N Abubakar
- Department of Biotechnology, Moddibo Adama University of Yola, Yola, Nigeria
| | - Alpha O Gulack
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Chioma B Ubah
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Bassey O Ekpong
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.
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2
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Saeb S, Assche JV, Loustau T, Rohr O, Wallet C, Schwartz C. Suicide gene therapy in cancer and HIV-1 infection: An alternative to conventional treatments. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 197:114893. [PMID: 34968484 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Suicide Gene Therapy (SGT) aims to introduce a gene encoding either a toxin or an enzyme making the targeted cell more sensitive to chemotherapy. SGT represents an alternative approach to combat pathologies where conventional treatments fail such as pancreatic cancer or the high-grade glioblastoma which are still desperately lethal. We review the possibility to use SGT to treat these cancers which have shown promising results in vitro and in preclinical trials. However, SGT has so far failed in phase III clinical trials thus further improvements are awaited. We can now take advantages of the many advances made in SGT for treating cancer to combat other pathologies such as HIV-1 infection. In the review we also discuss the feasibility to add SGT to the therapeutic arsenal used to cure HIV-1-infected patients. Indeed, preliminary results suggest that both productive and latently infected cells are targeted by the SGT. In the last section, we address the limitations of this approach and how we might improve it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Saeb
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; University of Strasbourg, Research Unit 7292, DHPI, IUT Louis Pasteur, Schiltigheim, France
| | - Jeanne Van Assche
- University of Strasbourg, Research Unit 7292, DHPI, IUT Louis Pasteur, Schiltigheim, France
| | - Thomas Loustau
- University of Strasbourg, Research Unit 7292, DHPI, IUT Louis Pasteur, Schiltigheim, France
| | - Olivier Rohr
- University of Strasbourg, Research Unit 7292, DHPI, IUT Louis Pasteur, Schiltigheim, France
| | - Clémentine Wallet
- University of Strasbourg, Research Unit 7292, DHPI, IUT Louis Pasteur, Schiltigheim, France
| | - Christian Schwartz
- University of Strasbourg, Research Unit 7292, DHPI, IUT Louis Pasteur, Schiltigheim, France.
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Gurumukhi VC, Bari SB. Quality by design (QbD)-based fabrication of atazanavir-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for lymph targeting: bioavailability enhancement using chylomicron flow block model and toxicity studies. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 12:1230-1252. [PMID: 34110597 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Atazanavir (ATV) is widely used as anti-HIV agent having poor aqueous solubility needs to modulate novel drug delivery system to enhance therapeutic efficiency and safety. The main objective of the present work was to fabricate ATV-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) employing quality by design (QbD) approach to address the challenges of bioavailability and their safety after oral administration. Herein, the main objective was to identify the influencing variables for the production of quality products. Considering this objective, quality target product profile (QTPP) was assigned and a systematic risk assessment study was performed to identify the critical material attributes (CMAs) and critical process parameter (CPP) having an influence on critical quality attributes (CQAs). Lipid concentrations, surfactant concentrations, and pressure of high-pressure homogenizer were identified as CMAs and CPP. ATV-NLCs were prepared by emulsification-high pressure homogenization method and further lyophilized to obtain solid-state NLCs. The effect of formulation variables (CMAs and CPP) on responses like particle size (Y1), polydispersity index (Y2), and zeta potential (Y3) was observed by central composite rotatable design (CCRD). The data were statistically evaluated by ANOVA for confirmation of a significant level (p < 0.05). The optimal conditions of NLCs were obtained by generating design space and desirability value. The lyophilized ATV-NLCs were characterized by DSC, powder X-ray diffraction, and FT-IR analysis. The morphology of NLCs was revealed by TEM and FESEM. In vitro study suggested a sustained release pattern of drug (92.37 ± 1.03%) with a mechanism of Korsmeyer-Peppas model (r2 = 0.925, and n = 0.63). In vivo evaluation in Wistar rats showed significantly higher (p < 0.001) plasma drug concentration of ATV-NLCs as compared to ATV-suspension using chylomicron flow block model. The relative bioavailability of ATV-NLCs was obtained to be 2.54 folds. Thus, a safe and promising drug targeting system was successfully developed to improve bioavailability and avoiding first-pass effect ensures to circumvent the acute-toxicity of liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal C Gurumukhi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Quality Assurance, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425 405, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Sanjaykumar B Bari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425 405, Maharashtra, India
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Kamboj S, Sethi S, Rana V. A spray dried Nelfinavir Mesylate particles for enhanced oral bioavailability: Systematic formulation optimization and in-vivo performance. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 176:288-299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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Schenfeld EM, Ribone SR, Quevedo MA. Stability and plasmatic protein binding of novel zidovudine prodrugs: Targeting site ii of human serum albumin. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 115:109-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Lu YY, Dai WB, Wang X, Wang XW, Liu JY, Li P, Lou YQ, Lu C, Zhang Q, Zhang GL. Effects of crystalline state and self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) on oral bioavailability of the novel anti-HIV compound 6-benzyl-1-benzyloxymethyl-5-iodouracil in rats. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2017; 44:329-337. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2017.1391837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yuan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing (Peking) University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wen-Bing Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing (Peking) University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing (Peking) University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiao-Wei Wang
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing (Peking) University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jun-Yi Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing (Peking) University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Pu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing (Peking) University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ya-Qing Lou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing (Peking) University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chuang Lu
- Department of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing (Peking) University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Guo-Liang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing (Peking) University, Beijing, PR China
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Marcos-Almaraz MT, Gref R, Agostoni V, Kreuz C, Clayette P, Serre C, Couvreur P, Horcajada P. Towards improved HIV-microbicide activity through the co-encapsulation of NRTI drugs in biocompatible metal organic framework nanocarriers. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:8563-8569. [PMID: 32264524 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01933e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of the routinely used anti-HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) therapy based on nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) is limited by the poor cellular uptake of the active triphosphorylated metabolites and the low efficiency of intracellular phosphorylation of their prodrugs. Nanoparticles of iron(iii) polycarboxylate Metal-Organic Frameworks (nanoMOFs) are promising drug nanocarriers. In this study, two active triphosphorylated NRTIs, azidothymidine triphosphate (AZT-Tp) and lamivudine triphosphate (3TC-Tp), were successfully co-encapsulated into the biocompatible mesoporous iron(iii) trimesate MIL-100(Fe) nanoMOF in order to improve anti-HIV therapies. The drug loaded nanoMOFs could be stored for up to 2-months and reconstituted after freeze drying, retaining similar physicochemical properties. Their antiretroviral activity was evidenced in vitro on monocyte-derived macrophages experimentally infected with HIV, making these co-encapsulated nanosystems excellent HIV-microbicide candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Marcos-Almaraz
- Institut Lavoisier, Université de Versailles St-Quentin, UMR CNRS 8180, 45 avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France
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8
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Lembo D, Donalisio M, Civra A, Argenziano M, Cavalli R. Nanomedicine formulations for the delivery of antiviral drugs: a promising solution for the treatment of viral infections. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2017; 15:93-114. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2017.1360863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Lembo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Manuela Donalisio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Civra
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Monica Argenziano
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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9
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Spinks CB, Zidan AS, Khan MA, Habib MJ, Faustino PJ. Pharmaceutical characterization of novel tenofovir liposomal formulations for enhanced oral drug delivery: in vitro pharmaceutics and Caco-2 permeability investigations. Clin Pharmacol 2017; 9:29-38. [PMID: 28260952 PMCID: PMC5327912 DOI: 10.2147/cpaa.s119875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tenofovir, currently marketed as the prodrug tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, is used clinically to treat patients with HIV/AIDS. The oral bioavailability of tenofovir is relatively low, limiting its clinical effectiveness. Encapsulation of tenofovir within modified long-circulating liposomes would deliver this hydrophilic anti-HIV drug to the reticuloendothelial system for better therapeutic efficacy. The objectives of the current study were to prepare and pharmaceutically characterize model liposomal tenofovir formulations in an attempt to improve their bioavailability. The entrapment process was performed using film hydration method, and the formulations were characterized in terms of encapsulation efficiency and Caco-2 permeability. An efficient reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for tenofovir quantitation in both in vitro liposomal formulations and Caco-2 permeability samples. Separation was achieved isocratically on a Waters Symmetry C8 column using 10 mM Na2PO4/acetonitrile pH 7.4 (95:5 v/v). The flow rate was 1 mL/min with a 12 min elution time. Injection volume was 10 µL with ultraviolet detection at 270 nm. The method was validated according to United States Pharmacopeial Convention category I requirements. The obtained result showed that tenofovir encapsulation within the prepared liposomes was dependent on the employed amount of the positive charge-imparting agent. The obtained results indicated that calibration curves were linear with r2 > 0.9995 over the analytical range of 1–10 µg/mL. Inter- and intraday accuracy and precision values ranged from 95% to 101% and 0.3% to 2.6%, respectively. The method was determined to be specific and robust. Regarding the potential of the prepared vectors to potentiate tenofovir permeability through the Caco-2 model, a 10-fold increase in tenofovir apparent permeability was observed compared to its oral solution. In conclusion, this novel and validated method was successfully applied to characterize both in vitro encapsulation efficiency and Caco-2 permeability transport for the pharmaceutical assessment of novel tenofovir formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal B Spinks
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Howard University, Washington, DC
| | - Ahmed S Zidan
- Division of Product Quality Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mansoor A Khan
- Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Muhammad J Habib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Howard University, Washington, DC
| | - Patrick J Faustino
- Division of Product Quality Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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Marban C, Forouzanfar F, Ait-Ammar A, Fahmi F, El Mekdad H, Daouad F, Rohr O, Schwartz C. Targeting the Brain Reservoirs: Toward an HIV Cure. Front Immunol 2016; 7:397. [PMID: 27746784 PMCID: PMC5044677 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the top research priorities of the international AIDS society by the action “Towards an HIV Cure” is the purge or the decrease of the pool of all latently infected cells. This strategy is based on reactivation of latently reservoirs (the shock) followed by an intensifying combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) to kill them (the kill). The central nervous system (CNS) has potential latently infected cells, i.e., perivascular macrophages, microglial cells, and astrocytes that will need to be eliminated. However, the CNS has several characteristics that may preclude the achievement of a cure. In this review, we discuss several limitations to the eradication of brain reservoirs and how we could circumvent these limitations by making it efforts in four directions: (i) designing efficient latency-reversal agents for CNS-cell types, (ii) improving cART by targeting HIV transcription, (iii) improving delivery of HIV drugs in the CNS and in the CNS-cell types, and (iv) developing therapeutic immunization. As a prerequisite to these efforts, we also believe that a better comprehension of molecular mechanisms involved in establishment and persistence of HIV latency in brain reservoirs are essential to design new molecules for strategies aiming to achieve a cure for instance the “shock and kill” strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Marban
- INSERM UMR 1121 Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France
| | | | - Amina Ait-Ammar
- EA7292, DHPI, Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France
| | - Faiza Fahmi
- EA7292, DHPI, Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France
| | - Hala El Mekdad
- EA7292, DHPI, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; IUT Louis Pasteur de Schiltigheim, Université de Strasbourg, Schiltigheim, France
| | - Fadoua Daouad
- EA7292, DHPI, Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France
| | - Olivier Rohr
- EA7292, DHPI, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; IUT Louis Pasteur de Schiltigheim, Université de Strasbourg, Schiltigheim, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Christian Schwartz
- EA7292, DHPI, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; IUT Louis Pasteur de Schiltigheim, Université de Strasbourg, Schiltigheim, France
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Singh D, McMillan J, Hilaire J, Gautam N, Palandri D, Alnouti Y, Gendelman HE, Edagwa B. Development and characterization of a long-acting nanoformulated abacavir prodrug. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:1913-27. [PMID: 27456759 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM A myristoylated abacavir (ABC) prodrug was synthesized to extend drug half-life and bioavailability. METHODS Myristoylated ABC (MABC) was made by esterifying myristic acid to the drug's 5-hydroxy-cyclopentene group. Chemical composition, antiretroviral activity, cell uptake and retention and cellular trafficking of free MABC and poloxamer nanoformulations of MABC were assessed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance and tested in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Pharmacokinetics of ABC and nanoformulated MABC were evaluated after intramuscular injection into mice. RESULTS MABC antiretroviral activity in monocyte-derived macrophages was comparable to native drug. Encasement of MABC into poloxamer nanoparticles extended drug bioavailability for 2 weeks. CONCLUSION MABC synthesis and encasement in polymeric nanoformulations improved intracellular drug accumulation and demonstrate translational potential as part of a long-acting antiretroviral regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhirender Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - JoEllyn McMillan
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - James Hilaire
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Diana Palandri
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Benson Edagwa
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Pham K, Li D, Guo S, Penzak S, Dong X. Development and in vivo evaluation of child-friendly lopinavir/ritonavir pediatric granules utilizing novel in situ self-assembly nanoparticles. J Control Release 2016; 226:88-97. [PMID: 26849919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a nanotechnology to formulate a fixed-dose combination of poorly water-soluble drugs in a children-friendly, flexible solid dosage form. For diseases like HIV, pediatric patients are taking multiple drugs for effective treatments. Fixed-dose combinations could reduce pill burdens and costs as well as improving patient adherence. However, development of fixed-dose combinations of poorly water-soluble drugs for pediatric formulations is very challenging. We discovered a novel nanotechnology that produced in situ self-assembly nanoparticles (ISNPs) when the ISNP granules were introduced to water. In this study, antiretroviral drug granules, including lopinavir (LPV) ISNP granules and a fixed-dose combination of LPV/ritonavir (RTV) ISNP granules, were prepared using the ISNP nanotechnology, which spontaneously produced drug-loaded ISNPs in contact with water. Drug-loaded ISNPs had particle size less than 158nm with mono-dispersed distribution, over 95% entrapment efficiency for both LPV and RTV and stability over 8h in simulated physiological conditions. Drug-loaded ISNP granules with about 16% of LPV and 4% of RTV were palatable and stable at room temperature over 6months. Furthermore, LPV/RTV ISNP granules displayed a 2.56-fold increase in bioavailability and significantly increased LPV concentrations in tested tissues, especially in HIV sanctuary sites, as compared to the commercial LPV/RTV tablet (Kaletra®) in rats. Overall, the results demonstrated that the novel ISNP nanotechnology is a promising platform to manufacture palatable, "heat" stable, and flexible pediatric granules for fixed-dose combinations that can be used as sachets and sprinkles. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on this kind of novel nanotechnology for pediatric fixed-dose combinations of poorly water-soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Pham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Diana Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Shujie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Scott Penzak
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Xiaowei Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
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13
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Ribone SR, Schenfeld EM, Madrid M, Pierini AB, Quevedo MA. Evaluation and synthesis of AZT prodrugs with optimized chemical stabilities: experimental and theoretical analyses. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj03002a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zhou X, Chen Z. Preparation and performance evaluation of emulsomes as a drug delivery system for silybin. Arch Pharm Res 2015; 38:2193-200. [PMID: 26152876 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0630-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We developed silybin (SIL) emulsomes and evaluated their physicochemical properties and the in vivo pharmacokinetics of SIL delivered by emulsomes in rats. SIL emulsomes were prepared using the thin film dispersion method. SIL emulsomes were evaluated for their entrapment efficiency, particle size, zeta potential, morphology, in vitro release, and in vivo drug delivery in rats. The entrapment efficiency was above 80 %. The average particle size and zeta potential were 364.1 ± 20 nm and -34 ± 8 mV, respectively. Morphological analysis revealed that the SIL emulsomes were spherical in shape. Compared to an SIL solution, emulsomes produced sustained release of SIL for up to 48 h after an initial burst release in vitro. The pharmacokinetics of SIL emulsomes in rats were evaluated after intravenous injection, and the results were compared with those obtained for the control SIL solution. Following SIL delivery by emulsomes, the area under the curve was 2.2-fold higher and the mean residence time was 2.5-fold higher than the corresponding values recorded using SIL solution. Hence, emulsomes might represent a promising system for improving the bioavailability of lipophilic drugs. Moreover, emulsomes produce sustained drug release, which is advantageous in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Gansu Provincial Hospital, 204 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Zhipeng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China.
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