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Mei J, Han Y, Zhuang S, Yang Z, Yi Y, Ying G. Production of biliverdin by biotransformation of exogenous heme using recombinant Pichia pastoris cells. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2024; 11:19. [PMID: 38647967 PMCID: PMC10992137 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-024-00736-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Biliverdin, a bile pigment hydrolyzed from heme by heme oxygenase (HO), serves multiple functions in the human body, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune response inhibitory activities. Biliverdin has great potential as a clinical drug; however, no economic and efficient production method is available currently. Therefore, the production of biliverdin by the biotransformation of exogenous heme using recombinant HO-expressing yeast cells was studied in this research. First, the heme oxygenase-1 gene (HO1) encoding the inducible plastidic isozyme from Arabidopsis thaliana, with the plastid transport peptide sequence removed, was recombined into Pichia pastoris GS115 cells. This resulted in the construction of a recombinant P. pastoris GS115-HO1 strain that expressed active HO1 in the cytoplasm. After that, the concentration of the inducer methanol, the induction culture time, the pH of the medium, and the concentration of sorbitol supplied in the medium were optimized, resulting in a significant improvement in the yield of HO1. Subsequently, the whole cells of GS115-HO1 were employed as catalysts to convert heme chloride (hemin) into biliverdin. The results showed that the yield of biliverdin was 132 mg/L when hemin was added to the culture of GS115-HO1 and incubated for 4 h at 30 °C. The findings of this study have laid a good foundation for future applications of this method for the economical production of biliverdin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Mei
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanchao Han
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shihang Zhuang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhikai Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Yi
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guoqing Ying
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China.
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Yu F, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Zhou J, Li J, Chen J, Du G, Zhao X. Biosynthesis, acquisition, regulation, and upcycling of heme: recent advances. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38228501 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2291339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Heme, an iron-containing tetrapyrrole in hemoproteins, including: hemoglobin, myoglobin, catalase, cytochrome c, and cytochrome P450, plays critical physiological roles in different organisms. Heme-derived chemicals, such as biliverdin, bilirubin, and phycocyanobilin, are known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and have shown great potential in fighting viruses and diseases. Therefore, more and more attention has been paid to the biosynthesis of hemoproteins and heme derivatives, which depends on the adequate heme supply in various microbial cell factories. The enhancement of endogenous biosynthesis and exogenous uptake can improve the intracellular heme supply, but the excess free heme is toxic to the cells. Therefore, based on the heme-responsive regulators, several sensitive biosensors were developed to fine-tune the intracellular levels of heme. In this review, recent advances in the: biosynthesis, acquisition, regulation, and upcycling of heme were summarized to provide a solid foundation for the efficient production and application of high-value-added hemoproteins and heme derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yu
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianghua Li
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xinrui Zhao
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Mancuso C. Biliverdin as a disease-modifying agent: An integrated viewpoint. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 207:133-143. [PMID: 37459935 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Biliverdin is one of the three by-products of heme oxygenase (HO) activity, the others being ferrous iron and carbon monoxide. Under physiological conditions, once formed in the cell, BV is reduced to bilirubin (BR) by the biliverdin reductase (BVR). However, if BVR is inhibited by either genetic variants, as occurs in the Inuit ethnicity, or dioxin intoxication, BV accumulates in cells giving rise to a clinical syndrome known as green jaundice. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that BV not only has a direct antioxidant effect by scavenging free radicals, but also targets many signal transduction pathways, such as BVR, soluble guanylyl cyclase, and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Through these direct and indirect mechanisms, BV has shown beneficial roles in ischemia/reperfusion-related diseases, inflammatory diseases, graft-versus-host disease, viral infections and cancer. Unfortunately, no clinical data are available to confirm these potential therapeutic effects and the kinetics of exogenous BV in humans is unknown. These limitations have so far excluded the possibility of transforming BV from a mere by-product of heme degradation into a disease-modifying agent. A closer collaboration between basic and clinical researchers would be advantageous to overcome these issues and promote translational research on BV in free radical-induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Mancuso
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Healthcare Surveillance and Bioethics, Section of Pharmacology, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito, 1, 00168, Rome, Italy.
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Zou YF, Li CY, Fu YP, JiZe XP, Zhao YZ, Peng X, Wang JY, Yin ZQ, Li YP, Song X, Li LX, Zhao XH, Feng B, Huang C, Ye G, Tang HQ, Chen J, Li R, Chen XF, Tian ML. Angelica sinensis aboveground part polysaccharide and its metabolite 5-MT ameliorate colitis via modulating gut microbiota and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124689. [PMID: 37148926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The roots of Angelica sinensis have been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for thousands of years. However, tons of aerial parts of this herb (aboveground part) are commonly discarded during the process of root preparations. A polysaccharide (ASP-Ag-AP) in the aboveground parts of A. sinensis was isolated and preliminarily characterized as typical plant pectin. ASP-Ag-AP exhibited noticeable protective effects against dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis, including reduction of colonic inflammation, modulation of barrier function, and alteration of gut microbiota and serum metabolite profile. Anti-inflammatory effects of ASP-Ag-AP were observed by inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, the level of serum metabolite 5-methyl-dl-tryptophan (5-MT) was reduced by DSS and restored by ASP-Ag-AP, which also negatively correlated with Bacteroides, Alistipes, Staphylococcus and pro-inflammatory factors. The protection from inflammatory stress on intestinal porcine enterocytes cells (IPEC-J2) of 5-MT was observed through the inhibition of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. Besides, 5-MT also exhibited robust anti-inflammatory effect in colitis mice with improving colitis symptoms, barrier function and gut microbiota, which was the same as presented by ASP-Ag-AP. Therefore, ASP-Ag-AP could be a promising agent for colitis prevention and 5-MT could be the signal metabolite of ASP-Ag-AP on defending against intestinal inflammatory stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Feng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Cen-Yu Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Yu-Ping Fu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ping JiZe
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Yu-Zhe Zhao
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Xi Peng
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Jing-Yi Wang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Zhong-Qiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Yang-Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, China College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Xu Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Li-Xia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Xing-Hong Zhao
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Bin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Gang Ye
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Hua-Qiao Tang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Ji Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Xing-Fu Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China.
| | - Meng-Liang Tian
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China.
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Guo Z, Zhang T, Yun Z, Jin Q, Cao X, Kong D, Yao Y, Li X, Zhang J, Ye Y. Assessing the causal relationships between human blood metabolites and the risk of NAFLD: A comprehensive mendelian randomization study. Front Genet 2023; 14:1108086. [PMID: 37056283 PMCID: PMC10086196 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1108086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a liver disease associated with obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and metabolic syndrome. The risk factors for NAFLD have not been identified. Metabolic dysfunction has been found to be an important factor in the pathogenesis and progression of NAFLD. However, the causal impact of blood metabolites on NAFLD is unclear.Methods: We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) with 7824 participants provided data on 486 human blood metabolites. Outcome information was obtained from a large-scale GWAS meta-analysis of NAFLD, which contained 8,434 cases and 770,180 controls of Europeans. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) model was chosen as the primary two-sample MR analysis approach, followed by sensitivity analyses such as the heterogeneity test, horizontal pleiotropy test, and leave-one-out analysis. In addition, we performed replication, meta-analysis, and metabolic pathway analysis. We further conducted colocalization analysis to deeply reflect the causality.Results: After rigorous genetic variant selection, IVW, sensitivity analysis, replication, and meta-analysis, two known metabolites were identified as being associated with the development of NAFLD [biliverdin: OR = 1.45; 95% CI 1.20-1.75; p = 0.0001; myristoleate: OR = 0.57; 95% CI 0.39-0.83; p = 0.0030].Conclusion: By combining genomics with metabolomics, our findings provide a new perspective on the underlying mechanisms of NAFLD and have important implications for the screening and prevention of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Guo
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tingyu Zhang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhangjun Yun
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Jin
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Cao
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Deming Kong
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhao Yao
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoke Li
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoke Li, ; Jiaxin Zhang, ; Yong’An Ye,
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoke Li, ; Jiaxin Zhang, ; Yong’An Ye,
| | - Yong’An Ye
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoke Li, ; Jiaxin Zhang, ; Yong’An Ye,
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Metabolomic study combined with the low-level light therapy of Chinese acupuncture points and combined oral contraceptives in treatment of primary dysmenorrhea: A prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13821. [PMID: 36915513 PMCID: PMC10006448 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare the changes of metabolites between Low-level light therapy (LLLT) and combined oral contraceptive (COC) after treatment of primary dysmenorrhea (PD), and to compare and analyze the biological and biochemical effects of the two treatments by analyzing the differences in metabolite profiles. Methods A multicenter, double-blind, prospective, parallel, randomized controlled study was conducted on 69 women aged 16-35 years old with PD who were randomly divided into COC treatment group or LLLT treatment group. Low-level light therapy with light-emitting diodes (LED) was applied on two acupoints named "Guanyuan" (CV4) and "Qihai" (CV6). After 12 weeks of treatment intervention, blood samples were collected before and after treatment for metabolomic analysis. We used UPLC-MS/MS analysis to compare the differences in metabolite changes between LLLT and COC before and after treatment. Results 76 differential metabolites were detected in the LLLT group, and 92 differential metabolites were detected in the COC group, which were up-regulated or down-regulated (p < 0.001). Prostaglandin D2 (PG D2) was down-regulated and biliverdin was up-regulated after LLLT treatment, 4a-Hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin, Prostaglandin D2, 5-Hydroxy-l-tryptophan, Cholic acid were down-regulated and cortisol was up-regulated after COC treatment, and the differences were statistically significant. Cortisol and testosterone glucuronide in LLLT group were significantly lower than those in COC group. The metabolic pathways affected were glycerophospholipid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolism in the LLLT group, and glycerophospholipid metabolism, folate biosynthesis, arachidonic-acid-metabolism, and tryptophan metabolism in the COC group. The differential metabolic pathway were linoleic acid metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism after the comparison of LLLT with COC. Conclusion LLLT and COC might relieve dysmenorrhea by down-regulating PGD2, and LLLT might also relieve dysmenorrhea by up-regulating biliverdin. The level of cortisol and testosterone glucuronide after LLLT treatment was lower than that after COC treatment, which might lead to the difference in the clinical efficacy of the two treatments for dysmenorrhea.
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Zhang H, Yang G, Jiang R, Feng D, Li Y, Chen Y, Yuan G. Correlation Between Total Bilirubin, Total Bilirubin/Albumin Ratio with Disease Activity in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:273-280. [PMID: 36718146 PMCID: PMC9884058 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s393273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory disorder with unknown etiology. Oxidative stress and immune imbalance play a critical role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Bilirubin has recently been recognized as a potent antioxidant as well as an immunomodulatory agent of physiological importance. The aim of this study was to explore whether increased bilirubin concentrations are correlated with good clinical prognosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Patients and Methods In this cross-sectional study, we included 197 healthy individuals and 197 RA patients in the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College from October 2020 to February 2022. The latter were classified into three classes of disease activity according to DAS28-ESR: remission and low (DAS28-ESR<3.2), moderate (3.2≤DAS28-ESR≤5.1), and high (DAS28ESR>5.1). Based on the clinical and laboratory data, we evaluated the association of bilirubin levels with disease activity in RA using multivariable ordered logistic regression. Results The levels of total bilirubin and total bilirubin/albumin ratio were significantly lower (P < 0.001; P < 0.001) in RA patients compared with healthy controls. In RA patients, Spearman's rank correlation analysis revealed that bilirubin and total bilirubin/albumin ratio were negatively correlated with disease activity and inflammatory marker (C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, Interleukin-6). In multivariable ordered logistic regression, higher total bilirubin (OR=0.77, 95% CI: 0.67-0.89, p<0.001) independently predicted lower disease activity. Conclusion Bilirubin levels remain associated with a reduction of disease activity, suggesting that bilirubin may be a protective factor for RA aggravation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Institute of Rheumatism and Immunology, the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guizhao Yang
- Institute of Rheumatism and Immunology, the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongqiong Jiang
- Institute of Rheumatism and Immunology, the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Feng
- Institute of Rheumatism and Immunology, the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuqin Li
- Institute of Rheumatism and Immunology, the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, the People’s Hospital of Jianyang City, Jianyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guohua Yuan
- Institute of Rheumatism and Immunology, the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Guohua Yuan, Institute of Rheumatism and Immunology, the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8615983777907, Fax +8608172262301, Email
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Chen X, Chen S, Ren Q, Niu S, Yue L, Pan X, Li Z, Zhu R, Jia Z, Chen X, Zhen R, Ban J. A metabonomics-based renoprotective mechanism analysis of empagliflozin in obese mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 621:122-129. [PMID: 35820282 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.06.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
With an increasing prevalence of obesity related kidney disease, exploring the mechanisms of therapeutic method is of critical importance. Empagliflozin is a new antidiabetic agent with broad clinical application prospect in cardiovascular and renal diseases. However, a metabonomics-based renoprotective mechanism of empagliflozin in obesity remains unclear. Our results showed that empagliflozin significantly alleviated the deposition of lipid droplet, glomerular and tubular injury. The innovation lied in detection of empagliflozin-targeted differential metabolites in kidneys. Compared with normal control mice, obese mice showed higher levels of All-trans-heptaprenyl diphosphate, Biliverdin, Galabiose, Galabiosylceramide (d18:1/16:0), Inosine, Methylisocitric acid, Uric acid, Xanthosine, O-glutarylcarnitine, PG(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/0:0), PG(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/0:0), PE(O-16:0/0:0), PG(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/0:0), and lower level of Adenosine. Empagliflozin regulated these metabolites in the opposite direction. Associated metabolic pathways were Phospholipids metabolism, Purine metabolism, and Biliverdin metabolism. Most of metabolites were associated with inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Empagliflozin improved the oxidative stress and inflammation imbalance. Our study revealed the metabonomics-based renoprotective mechanism of empagliflozin in obese mice for the first time. Empagliflozin may be a promising tool to delay the progression of obesity-related kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuchun Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Qingjuan Ren
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shu Niu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lin Yue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zelin Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ruiyi Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhuoya Jia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ruoxi Zhen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiangli Ban
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Luo J, Li J, Xiong L, Fan L, Peng L, Yang Y, Lu D, Shao J. MicroRNA-27a-3p relieves inflammation and neurologic impairment after cerebral ischemia reperfusion via inhibiting LITAF and the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:4013-4030. [PMID: 35584745 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia reperfusion (CIR) affects microRNA (miR) expression and causes substantial inflammation. Here, we investigated the influence and underlying mechanism of miR-27a-3p in rats with CIR. Firstly, Biliverdin treatment relieved cerebral infarction and decreased the levels of serum interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. Through our previous study, we found key miR-27a-3p and its targeted gene LITAF might involve in the molecular mechanism of CIR. Then, the regulation between miR-27a-3p and LITAF was verified by the temporal miR-27a-3p and LITAF expression profiles and luciferase assay. Moreover, intracerebroventricular injection of the miR-27a-3p mimic significantly decreased the LITAF, TLR4, NF-κB and IL-6 levels at 24h post-surgery, whereas miR-27a-3p inhibitor reversed these effects. Furthermore, miR-27a-3p mimic could relieve cerebral infarct and neurologic deficit after CIR. In addition, injection of miR-27a-3p mimic decreased neuronal damage induced by CIR. Taken together, our results suggest that miR-27a-3p protect against CIR by relieving inflammation, neuronal damage and neurologic deficit via regulating LITAF and the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
| | - Junjie Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
| | - Li Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
| | - Linna Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
| | - Lijia Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
| | - Di Lu
- Incubation center for Scientific and technological achievements, Kunming Medical University
| | - Jianlin Shao
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
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10
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Zhao X, Gao H, Wang Y, Wang Z, Zhou J. Efficient Synthesis of Phycocyanobilin by Combinatorial Metabolic Engineering in Escherichia coli. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:2089-2097. [PMID: 35580338 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phycocyanobilin (PCB) is a kind of light-harvesting pigment which naturally exists in algae and plays important roles in absorbing and transferring energy. Based on its antioxidant and optical properties, PCB has been applied in food, medicine, and cosmetics. Currently, PCB is mainly extracted from Spirulina through complicated steps; thus, the biosynthesis of PCB in Escherichia coli has attracted more attention. However, due to the lower catalytic efficiency of synthetic enzymes and the deficiency of precursors and cofactors, the titer of PCB remains at a low level. Here, we report the efficient synthesis of PCB by the expression of heme oxygenase-1 from Thermosynechococcus elongatus and PCB: ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PcyA) from Synechocystis sp. using a high-copy number plasmid with an inducible T7lac promoter and the assembly of these two enzymes at a suitable ratio of 2:1 with DNA scaffolds. Additionally, the synthesis of PCB was further enhanced by direct supplementation of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), moderate overexpression of key enzymes in the heme biosynthetic pathway (hemB and hemH), and accelerated cycle of cofactors (NADPH) through the expression of NAD+ kinase and the addition of a reducing agent. Finally, based on the optimal conditions (Modified R medium with 200 mg/L ALA, 20 mg/L FeSO4·7H2O, and 5 g/L vitamin C induced by 0.8 mM isopropylthio-β-galactoside at 30 °C), the highest reported titer of PCB (28.32 mg/L) was obtained at the fermenter level by feeding glucose and FeSO4·7H2O. The strategies applied in this study will be useful for the synthesis of other natural pigments and PCB or heme derivatives in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Haixin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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11
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Guo WL, Cao YJ, You SZ, Wu Q, Zhang F, Han JZ, Lv XC, Rao PF, Ai LZ, Ni L. Ganoderic acids-rich ethanol extract from Ganoderma lucidum protects against alcoholic liver injury and modulates intestinal microbiota in mice with excessive alcohol intake. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:515-530. [PMID: 35281335 PMCID: PMC8913248 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver injury is mainly caused by excessive alcohol consumption and has become a global public health problem threatening human health. It is well known that Ganoderma lucidum possesses various excellent beneficial effects on liver function and lipid metabolism. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the underlying protective effect and action mechanism of ganoderic acids-rich G. lucidum ethanol extract (GLE) on alcohol-induced liver injury in mice with excessive alcohol intake. Results showed that oral administration of GLE could obviously inhibit the abnormal increases of serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and also significantly protect the liver against alcohol-induced excessive hepatic lipid accumulation and pathological changes. In addition, alcohol-induced oxidative stress in liver was significantly ameliorated by the dietary intervention of GLE through reducing the hepatic levels of maleic dialdehyde (MDA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and increasing the hepatic levels of glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). Compared with the model group, GLE intervention significantly ameliorated the intestinal microbial disorder by elevating the relative abundance of Ruminiclostridium_9, Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, Oscillibacter, [Eubacterium]_xylanophilum_group, norank_f_Clostridiates_vadinBB60_group, GCA-900066225, Bilophila, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-009, norank_f_Desulfovibrionaceae and Hydrogenoanaerobacterium, but decreasing the proportion of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1. Furthermore, liver metabolomic profiling suggested that GLE intervention had a significant regulatory effect on the composition of liver metabolites in mice with excessive alcohol intake, especially the levels of some biomarkers involved in primary bile acid biosynthesis, riboflavin metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, fructose and mannose metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. Additionally, dietary supplementation with GLE significantly regulated the mRNA levels of key genes related to fatty acids metabolism, ethanol catabolism and inflammatory response in liver. Conclusively, these findings indicate that GLE has a potentially beneficial effect on alleviating alcohol-induced liver injury and may be developed as a promising functional food ingredient. Phytochemical analysis revealed that ethanol extract of Gaoderma lucidum (GLE) is rich in ganoderic acids. GLE ameliorated lipid metabolism, antioxidant function and inflammatory response in mice with excessive alcohol intake. Liver metabolomics based on UPLC-QTOF/MS was performed to reveal the underlying hepatoprotective effect of GLE. GLE intervention alleviated alcoholic liver injury partly through regulating the “gut-liver-metabolite”axis. Hepatic gene transcriptions related to lipid metabolism and inflammation were remarkablyinfluenced by GLE intervention.
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12
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Production of bilirubin by biotransformation of biliverdin using recombinant Escherichia coli cells. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2022; 45:563-571. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02679-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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13
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McClung JA, Levy L, Garcia V, Stec DE, Peterson SJ, Abraham NG. Heme-oxygenase and lipid mediators in obesity and associated cardiometabolic diseases: Therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 231:107975. [PMID: 34499923 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-mediated metabolic syndrome remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Among many potential targets for pharmacological intervention, a promising strategy involves the heme oxygenase (HO) system, specifically its inducible form, HO-1. This review collects and updates much of the current knowledge relevant to pharmacology and clinical medicine concerning HO-1 in metabolic diseases and its effect on lipid metabolism. HO-1 has pleotropic effects that collectively reduce inflammation, while increasing vasodilation and insulin and leptin sensitivity. Recent reports indicate that HO-1 with its antioxidants via the effect of bilirubin increases formation of biologically active lipid metabolites such as epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET), omega-3 and other polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Similarly, HO-1and bilirubin are potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of fat-induced liver diseases. HO-1-mediated upregulation of EET is capable not only of reversing endothelial dysfunction and hypertension, but also of reversing cardiac remodeling, a hallmark of the metabolic syndrome. This process involves browning of white fat tissue (i.e. formation of healthy adipocytes) and reduced lipotoxicity, which otherwise will be toxic to the heart. More importantly, this review examines the activity of EET in biological systems and a series of pathways that explain its mechanism of action and discusses how these might be exploited for potential therapeutic use. We also discuss the link between cardiac ectopic fat deposition and cardiac function in humans, which is similar to that described in obese mice and is regulated by HO-1-EET-PGC1α signaling, a potent negative regulator of the inflammatory adipokine NOV.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A McClung
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States of America
| | - Lior Levy
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States of America
| | - Victor Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States of America
| | - David E Stec
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, United States of America.
| | - Stephen J Peterson
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, United States of America; New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11215, United States of America
| | - Nader G Abraham
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States of America.
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14
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Brasil FB, de Almeida FJS, Luckachaki MD, Dall'Oglio EL, de Oliveira MR. Suppression of Mitochondria-Related Bioenergetics Collapse and Redox Impairment by Tanshinone I, a Diterpenoid Found in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen), in the Human Dopaminergic SH-SY5Y Cell Line Exposed to Chlorpyrifos. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1495-1510. [PMID: 34351569 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00400-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tanshinone I (T-I, C18H12O3) is a diterpene found in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen) and promotes cytoprotection in several experimental models. Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an agrochemical that causes bioenergetics failure, redox impairment, inflammation, and cell death in animal tissues. Here, we investigated whether T-I would be able to prevent the consequences resulting from the exposure of the human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells to CPF. We found that a pretreatment with T-I at 2.5 µM for 2 h suppressed lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation and nitration on the membranes of mitochondria extracted from the CPF-treated cells. Also, T-I reduced the production of radical superoxide (O2-•) by the mitochondria of the CPF-challenged cells. The production of nitric oxide (NO•) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was also decreased by T-I in the cells exposed to CPF. The CPF-induced decrease in the activity of the complexes I-III, II-III, and V was abolished by a pretreatment with T-I. Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and reduction in the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were also prevented by T-I in the CPF-treated cells. T-I also induced anti-inflammatory effects in the CPF-treated cells by decreasing the levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and the activity of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Inhibition of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) or silencing of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) blocked the T-I-promoted mitochondrial protection and anti-inflammatory action. Overall, T-I depended on the Nrf2/HO-1 axis to prevent the deleterious effects caused by CPF in this experimental model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Bittencourt Brasil
- Department of Natural Sciences, Rio das Ostras Universitary Campus - Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fhelipe Jolner Souza de Almeida
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiaba, MT, Brazil
- Research Group in Neurochemistry and Neurobiology of Bioactive Molecules, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, Cuiaba, MT, 2367, 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Matheus Dargesso Luckachaki
- Research Group in Neurochemistry and Neurobiology of Bioactive Molecules, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, Cuiaba, MT, 2367, 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Evandro Luiz Dall'Oglio
- Research Group in Neurochemistry and Neurobiology of Bioactive Molecules, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, Cuiaba, MT, 2367, 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Marcos Roberto de Oliveira
- Research Group in Neurochemistry and Neurobiology of Bioactive Molecules, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, Cuiaba, MT, 2367, 78060-900, Brazil.
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15
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Čepa A, Dejmková V, Lešetický L, Jelínek I, Smrček S, Štícha M, Jašprová J, Urbanová M, Goncharova I, Dračínský M, Procházková E, Ostrow DJ, Vítek L. Physico-chemical characterization of bilirubin-10-sulfonate and comparison of its acid-base behavior with unconjugated bilirubin. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12896. [PMID: 34145377 PMCID: PMC8213708 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92377-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) is the end-product of heme catabolism in the intravascular compartment. Although beneficial for human health when mildly elevated in the body, when present at greater than a critical threshold concentration, UCB exerts toxic effects that are related to its physico-chemical properties, particularly affecting the central nervous system. The aim of the present study was to characterize bilirubin-10-sulfonate (ranarubin), a naturally occurring bile pigment, including determination of its mixed acidity constants (pKa*). Thanks to the presence of the sulfonic acid moiety, this compound is more polar compared to UCB, which might theoretically solve the problem with an accurate determination of the UCB pKa* values of its propionic acid carboxylic groups. Bilirubin-10-sulfonate was synthesized by modification of a previously described procedure; and its properties were studied by mass spectrometry (MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared (IR), and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Determination of pKa* values of bilirubin-10-sulfonate and UCB was performed by capillary electrophoresis with low pigment concentrations in polar buffers. The identity of the synthesized bilirubin-10-sulfonate was confirmed by MS, and the pigment was further characterized by NMR, IR, and CD spectroscopy. The pKa values of carboxylic acid moieties of bilirubin-10-sulfonate were determined to be 5.02, whereas those of UCB were determined to be 9.01. The physico-chemical properties of bilirubin-10-sulfonate were partially characterized with low pKa* values compared to those of UCB, indicating that bilirubin-10-sulfonate cannot be used as a surrogate pigment for UCB chemical studies. In addition, using a different methodological approach, the pKa* values of UCB were found to be in a mildly alkaline region, confirming the conclusions of a recent critical re-evaluation of this specific issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Čepa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Dejmková
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Lešetický
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Jelínek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Smrček
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Štícha
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Jašprová
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Bojišti 3, Praha 2, 12000, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Urbanová
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Procházková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Donald J Ostrow
- GI/Hepatology Division, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Libor Vítek
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Bojišti 3, Praha 2, 12000, Czech Republic. .,4th Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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16
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Ma T, Kong M. Interleukin-18 and -10 may be associated with lymph node metastasis in breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:253. [PMID: 33664817 PMCID: PMC7882877 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Reports on the expression of interleukin (IL)-10 in breast cancer are rare. The present study investigated the correlation between IL-18 and −10 in breast cancer, and assessed their clinical significance. Breast cancer (n=104) and breast fibroadenoma (n=31) tissues that were surgically removed and pathologically confirmed at Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University (Jinan, China) between November 2016 and January 2019 were collected. The expression of IL-18 and −10 was observed via immunohistochemistry. Breast cancer tissues were positive for IL-18 expression, which was primarily located in the cell membrane and cytoplasm. A significant difference in IL-18 expression was observed between breast cancer and fibroadenoma tissues (75.0 vs. 19.4%; P<0.001). IL-10 was expressed in breast cancer tissues and primarily located in the cytoplasm. Breast cancer tissues showed a significantly higher level of IL-10 expression compared with breast fibroadenoma tissues (78.8 vs. 22.6%; P<0.001). The regions of positive IL-18 and −10 expression were consistent. Tissues with positive expression of IL-18 and/or −10 had a significantly higher rate of lymph node metastasis than those with negative expression (IL-18: 67.9 vs. 42.3%; P=0.035; and IL-10: 67.1 vs. 40.9%; P=0.047). In conclusion, IL-18 is highly expressed in breast cancer and correlates positively with IL-10. Both IL-18 and −10 may correlate positively with lymph node metastasis in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Fifth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
| | - Meng Kong
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P.R. China
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17
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Li J, Peng L, Bai W, Peng P, Chen W, Yang W, Shao J. Biliverdin Protects Against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Regulating the miR-27a-3p/Rgs1 Axis. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:1165-1181. [PMID: 33911865 PMCID: PMC8075361 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s300773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously demonstrated that biliverdin has neuroprotective effects that ameliorate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. However, the underlying mechanism is unknown. This study aimed at elucidating on the modulatory role of miR-27a-3p on Rgs1 as a mechanism by which biliverdin affects cerebral I/R injury. METHODS Middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) was used to establish I/R rat models while oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) was used to induce hippocampal neurons to establish I/R models in vitro. Infarct volume was assessed by TTC staining. Apoptotic analyses of ischemic cortical neurons and cells were performed by TUNEL staining and flow cytometry, respectively. Cell viability was assessed by the CCK-8 assay while the target of miR-27a-3p was determined by double luciferase reporter assay. Relative expression levels of miR-27a-3p and Rgs1 (in vivo and in vitro) as well as markers of inflammation and apoptosis (in vitro) were detected by RT-qPCR. Then, Elisa and western blot were used to assess protein expression levels of inflammatory and apoptotic markers in vitro. RESULTS Biliverdin suppressed inflammation and apoptosis in hippocampal neurons upon OGD/R, and reduced cerebral infarction volume as well as apoptosis in the MCAO/R rat model. Furthermore, biliverdin upregulated miR-27a-3p and downregulated hippocampal neuron Rgs1 after OGD/R as well as in rat brain tissues after cerebral I/R. Bioinformatic analysis revealed an miR-27a-3p docking site in the 3'-UTR region of Rgs1. Luciferase reporter assays showed that Rgs1 is an miR-27a-3p target. Moreover, miR-27a-3p upregulation inhibited OGD/R-triggered inflammation and suppressed neuronal apoptosis. Rgs1 knockdown suppressed OGD/R-triggered inflammation and decreased neuronal apoptosis while miR-27a-3p downregulation reversed the protective effect of Rgs1 knockdown. Moreover, miR-27a-3p overexpression and Rgs1 silencing suppressed NF-κB (p65) expression. CONCLUSION Biliverdin protects against cerebral I/R injury by regulating the miR-27a-3p/Rgs1 axis, thereby inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijia Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenya Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Peihua Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wendong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianlin Shao
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, 650032, People's Republic of China
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