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Feng C, Gao G, Wu K, Weng X. Causal relationship between gut microbiota and constipation: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1438778. [PMID: 39086647 PMCID: PMC11288903 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1438778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Constipation is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder affecting approximately 15% of the global population, leading to significant healthcare burdens. Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of constipation, although causality remains uncertain due to potential confounding factors in observational studies. This study aims to clarify the causal relationships between gut microbiota and constipation using a bidirectional Mendelian Randomization (MR) approach, which helps to overcome confounding issues and reverse causality. Methods Utilizing data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) from the MiBioGen consortium and other sources, we identified genetic variants as instrumental variables (IVs) for 196 bacterial traits and constipation. These IVs were rigorously selected based on their association with the traits and absence of linkage with confounding factors. We applied several MR methods, including Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW), MR Egger, and MR-PRESSO, to examine the causal effects in both directions. Results Our analysis revealed a significant causal relationship where specific bacterial taxa such as Coprococcus1 (OR = 0.798, 95%CI: 0.711-0.896, p < 0.001), Coprococcus3 (OR = 0.851, 95%CI: 0.740-0.979, p = 0.024), Desulfovibrio (OR = 0.902, 95%CI: 0.817-0.996, p = 0.041), Flavonifractor (OR = 0.823, 95%CI: 0.708-0.957, p < 0.001), and Lachnospiraceae UCG004, whereas others including Ruminococcaceae UCG005 (OR = 1.127, 95%CI: 1.008-1.261, p = 0.036), Eubacterium nodatum group (OR = 1.080, 95%CI: 1.018-1.145, p = 0.025), Butyricimonas (OR = 1.118, 95%CI: 1.014-1.233, p = 0.002), and Bacteroidetes (OR = 1.274, 95%CI: 1.014-1.233, p < 0.001) increase constipation risk. In the reverse MR analysis, constipation was found to influence the abundance of certain taxa, including Family XIII, Porphyromonadaceae, Proteobacteria, Lentisphaeria, Veillonellaceae, Victivallaceae, Catenibacterium, Sellimonas, and Victivallales, indicating a bidirectional relationship. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings, with no evidence of heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy. Conclusion The relationship between our study gut microbiota and constipation interacts at the genetic level, which gut microbiota can influence the onset of constipation, and constipation can alter the gut microbiota. Coprococcus1, Coprococcus3, Desulfovibrio, Flavonifractor and Lachnospiraceae UCG004 play a protective role against constipation, while Ruminococcaceae UCG005, Eubacterium nodatum group, Butyricimonas, and Bacteroidetes are associated with an increased risk. In addition, constipation correlates positively with the abundance of Family XIII, Porphyromonadaceae and Proteobacteria, while negatively with Lentisphaeria, Veillonellaceae, Victivallaceae, Catenibacterium, Sellimonas, and Victivallales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuncheng Feng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Guanzhuang Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Kai Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqi Weng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongxiang First People's Hospital, Tongxiang, China
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Yuan M, Zhang Z, Liu T, Feng H, Liu Y, Chen K. The Role of Nondigestible Oligosaccharides in Alleviating Human Chronic Diseases by Regulating the Gut Microbiota: A Review. Foods 2024; 13:2157. [PMID: 38998662 PMCID: PMC11241040 DOI: 10.3390/foods13132157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut has been a focus of chronic disease research. The gut microbiota produces metabolites that act as signaling molecules and substrates, closely influencing host health. Nondigestible oligosaccharides (NDOs), as a common dietary fiber, play an important role in regulating the structure and function of the gut microbiota. Their mechanism of action is mainly attributed to providing a carbon source as specific probiotics, producing related metabolites, and regulating the gut microbial community. However, due to the selective utilization of oligosaccharides, some factors, such as the type and structure of oligosaccharides, have different impacts on the composition of microbial populations and the production of metabolites in the colon ecosystem. This review systematically describes the key factors influencing the selective utilization of oligosaccharides by microorganisms and elaborates how oligosaccharides affect the host's immune system, inflammation levels, and energy metabolism by regulating microbial diversity and metabolic function, which in turn affects the onset and progress of chronic diseases, especially diabetes, obesity, depression, intestinal inflammatory diseases, and constipation. In this review, we re-examine the interaction mechanisms between the gut microbiota and its associated metabolites and diseases, and we explore new strategies for promoting human health and combating chronic diseases through dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (M.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhongwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (M.Y.); (Z.Z.)
- School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330019, China;
| | - Tongying Liu
- Jiangxi Maternel and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang 330108, China;
| | - Hua Feng
- School of Public Health, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330019, China;
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (M.Y.); (Z.Z.)
- Chongqing Research Institute of Nanchang University, Chongqing 402660, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Shangrao Innovation Institute of Agricultural Technology, College of Life Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao 334001, China
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Li Y, Zhang XH, Wang ZK. Microbiota treatment of functional constipation: Current status and future prospects. World J Hepatol 2024; 16:776-783. [PMID: 38818289 PMCID: PMC11135260 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i5.776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Functional constipation (FC) is a common disorder that is characterized by difficult stool passage, infrequent bowel movement, or both. FC is highly prevalent, recurs often, accompanies severe diseases, and affects quality of life; therefore, safe and effective therapy with long-term benefits is urgently needed. Microbiota treatment has potential value for FC treatment. Microbiota treatments include modulators such as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Some probiotics and prebiotics have been adopted, and the efficacy of other microbiota modulators is being explored. FMT is considered an emerging field because of its curative effects; nevertheless, substantial work must be performed before clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiao-Han Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
- Medical School, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zi-Kai Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
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Liu Q, Ke D, Chen Y, Shen A, Liu L, Hu L, Ren Y, Fang W, Zhao P, Sferraf TJ, Luo Y, Ke X. Effects of Liqi Tongbian decoction on gut microbiota, SCFAs production, and 5-HT pathway in STC rats with Qi Stagnation Pattern. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1337078. [PMID: 38559349 PMCID: PMC10978654 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1337078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Slow transit constipation (STC) is a common and debilitating condition characterized by delayed colonic transit and difficulty in fecal expulsion, significantly impacting patients' physical and mental wellbeing as well as their overall quality of life. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of Liqi Tongbian Decoction (LTD) in the treatment of STC, especially in cases involving the context of Qi stagnation, through a multifaceted approach involving the modulation of intestinal flora and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). We employed a rat model of STC with Qi Stagnation Pattern, established using the "loperamide + tail-clamping provocation method," to explore the effects of LTD on fecal characteristics, intestinal motility, and colonic pathology. Importantly, LTD exhibited the ability to increase the richness, diversity, and homogeneity of intestinal flora while also modulating the composition of microorganisms. It significantly increased the production of SCFAs, especially butyric acid. Moreover, LTD exerted a substantial influence on the synthesis of serotonin (5-HT) by modulating the expression of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) and interacting with the 5-HT4 receptor (5-HT4R), resulting in enhanced colonic motility. Correlation analyses revealed a positive correlation between certain bacterial genera, such as Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136 spp. and Clostridiales spp. and the concentrations of butyric acid and 5-HT. These results suggest a mechanistic link between microbiome composition, SCFAs production, and 5-HT synthesis. These findings highlight the potential of LTD to alleviate STC by facilitating a beneficial interplay among intestinal flora, SCFAs production, and 5-HT-mediated colonic motility, providing novel insights into the management of STC with Qi Stagnation Pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Danfeng Ke
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Youqin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Aling Shen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liya Liu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lunan Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenyi Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Peilin Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Thomas J. Sferraf
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Yunfeng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiao Ke
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
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Park CW, Lee J, Hong YH, Kim YS, Suh HJ, Ahn Y. Coadministration of Lactulose with Probiotics Ameliorates Loperamide-Induced Constipation in Mice. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2023; 28:427-435. [PMID: 38188082 PMCID: PMC10764220 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2023.28.4.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the efficacy of mixtures of lactulose with probiotic strains to ameliorate constipation and to identify suitable probiotic strains. Constipation was induced in Institute of Cancer Research mice (6-week-old, male) by the administering loperamide (5 mg/kg, twice a day) orally for 5 days, whereas the control group was not treated. To evaluate the laxative effects of the lactulose-probiotic and lactulose-magnesium hydroxide mixtures, fecal parameters, the gastrointestinal (GI) transit ratio, and fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content were analyzed. The administration of lactulose and Bacillus licheniformis or Saccharomyces boulardii significantly improved stool number and water content, which were reduced by loperamide. The GI transit ratio was significantly increased compared with that of the control group. The combined administration of lactulose and probiotics (B. licheniformis or S. boulardii) increased total SCFA content, including that of acetate, more effectively compared with lactulose alone. Similarly, coadministration of lactulose and magnesium hydroxide improved the loperamide-induced changes in fecal parameters and GI transit as well as increased total SCFA content. Overall, the combination of lactulose and probiotics relieves the symptoms of constipation by increasing SCFA content and is more effective compared with lactulose alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Woong Park
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jihyun Lee
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Yang Hee Hong
- Department of Beauty Art, Suwon Women’s University, Gyeonggi 16632, Korea
| | - Young Suk Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Ansan University, Gyeonggi 15328, Korea
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- BK21FOUR R&E Center for Learning Health Systems, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Yejin Ahn
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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Kang J, Lee M, Park M, Lee J, Lee S, Park J, Koyanagi A, Smith L, Nehs CJ, Yon DK, Kim T. Slow gut transit increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease: An integrated study of the bi-national cohort in South Korea and Japan and Alzheimer's disease model mice. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00397-1. [PMID: 38097171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although the association between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and constipation is controversial, its causality and underlying mechanisms remain unknown. OBJECTIVES To investigate the potential association between slow gut transit and AD using epidemiological data and a murine model. METHODS We conducted a bi-national cohort study in South Korea (discovery cohort, N=3,130,193) and Japan (validation cohort, N=4,379,285) during the pre-observation period to determine the previous diagnostic history (2009-2010) and the follow-up period (2011-2021). To evaluate the causality, we induced slow gut transit using loperamide in 5xFAD transgenic mice. Changes in amyloid-beta (Aβ) and other markers were examined using ELISA, qRT-PCR, RNA-seq, and behavioral tests. RESULTS Constipation was associated with an increased risk of AD in the discovery cohort (hazard ratio, 2.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.01-2.07) and the validation cohort (hazard ratio; 2.82; 95% CI, 2.61-3.05). We found that loperamide induced slower gut transit in 5xFAD mice, increased Aβ and microglia levels in the brain, increased transcription of genes related to norepinephrine secretion and immune responses, and decreased the transcription of defense against bacteria in the colonic tissue. CONCLUSION Impaired gut transit may contribute to AD pathogenesis via the gut-brain axis, thus suggesting a cyclical relationship between intestinal barrier disruption and Aβ accumulation in the brain. We propose that gut transit or motility may be a modifiable lifestyle factor in the prevention of AD, and further clinical investigations are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiseung Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Myeongcheol Lee
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mincheol Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jibeom Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunjae Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyu Park
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christa J Nehs
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dong Keon Yon
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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Tao R, Liu S, Crawford J, Tao F. Gut-Brain Crosstalk and the Central Mechanisms of Orofacial Pain. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1456. [PMID: 37891825 PMCID: PMC10605055 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulated evidence has demonstrated that the gut microbiome can contribute to pain modulation through the microbiome-gut-brain axis. Various relevant microbiome metabolites in the gut are involved in the regulation of pain signaling in the central nervous system. In this review, we summarize recent advances in gut-brain interactions by which the microbiome metabolites modulate pain, with a focus on orofacial pain, and we further discuss the role of gut-brain crosstalk in the central mechanisms of orofacial pain whereby the gut microbiome modulates orofacial pain via the vagus nerve-mediated direct pathway and the gut metabolites/molecules-mediated indirect pathway. The direct and indirect pathways both contribute to the central regulation of orofacial pain through different brain structures (such as the nucleus tractus solitarius and the parabrachial nucleus) and signaling transmission across the blood-brain barrier, respectively. Understanding the gut microbiome-regulated pain mechanisms in the brain could help us to develop non-opioid novel therapies for orofacial pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Feng Tao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University School of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave., Dallas, TX 75246, USA
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Liu J, Wang S, Yi R, Long X, Luo G, Zhao X, He Y. LimosiLactobacillus pentosus Isolated from Mustard Relieves Drug-induced Constipation in Mice Fed a High-fat Diet by Modulating Enteric Neurotransmitter Function. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:1371-1381. [PMID: 36083465 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09991-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Functional constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders. Oxidative stress can aggravate organ dysfunction. Enteric neurotransmitters have significant effects on the regulation of the enteric nervous system and intestinal muscle contraction. Oxidative stress and reduced gastrointestinal motility are considered to be one of the main causes of constipation. This study aimed to investigate whether LimosiLactobacillus pentosus CQZC02 alleviated loperamide hydrochloride (Lop)-induced constipation in mice under high-fat diet (HFD) conditions and to elucidate the underlying mechanism, focusing on enteric neurotransmitters. Four-week-old female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups: normal group (Nor), constipation model group (H-Lop), L. pentosus CQZC02 low-dose group (H-Lop + ZC02L), L. pentosus CQZC02 high-dose group (H-Lop + ZC02H), and LimosiLactobacillus bulgaricus control group (H-Lop + LB). The fecal weight, water content, and total gastrointestinal transit time were measured to determine whether the mice were constipated. Small bowel and colon tissue damage was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, while the degree of damage was determined by double-blind scoring. The levels of serum oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase and neurotransmitters motilin, gastrin, substance P, endothelin, somatostatin, and vasoactive intestinal peptide were measured. The gene expression levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, inducible nitric oxide synthase, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, nuclear factor kappa-B, and cyclooxygenase-2 in small intestine tissue were calculated. The constipation symptoms of mice in H-Lop group were manifested by a variety of physiological indicators. In addition, compared with the H-Lop group, H-Lop + ZC02H could effectively relieve the symptoms of constipation in mice. In symptom characterization, the mice in the H-Lop + ZC02H group lost weight and increased feces and water content. In functional experiments, gastrointestinal motility was enhanced; the inflammation score of intestinal tissue was decreased, and gene expression levels were modulated; serum oxidative factor levels were modulated, and oxidative stress levels were decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Child Nutrition and Health Development, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Shuaiqi Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Ruokun Yi
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Child Nutrition and Health Development, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Xingyao Long
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Child Nutrition and Health Development, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Guangli Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Child Nutrition and Health Development, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, China.
| | - Yongpeng He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China.
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Khakisahneh S, Zhang XY, Han SY, Song EJ, Nam YD, Kim H. Yijung-tang improves thermogenesis and reduces inflammation associated with gut microbiota in hypothyroid rats. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:32. [PMID: 37270649 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00396-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, considerable attention is focused on exploring the potential relationship between herbal medicine (HM) and the gut microbiome in terms of thermoregulation, which is an important aspect of human health, in modern system biology. However, our knowledge of the mechanisms of HM in thermoregulation is inadequate. Here, we demonstrate that the canonical herbal formula, Yijung-tang (YJT), protects against hypothermia, hyperinflammation, and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in PTU-induced hypothyroid rats. Notably, these properties were associated with alterations in the gut microbiota and signaling crosstalk between the thermoregulatory and inflammatory mediators in the small intestine and brown adipose tissue (BAT). In contrast to the conventional drug L-thyroxine for curing hypothyroidism, YJT has an efficacy for attenuating systematic inflammatory responses, related with depression in intestinal TLR4 and Nod2/Pglyrp1 signaling pathways. Our findings suggest that YJT could promote BAT thermogenesis and prevent systemic inflammation in PTU-induced hypothyroid rats, which was associated with its prebiotic effect on modulating of the gut microbiota and gene expression with relevance in the enteroendocrine function and innate immune systems. These findings may strengthen the rationale of the microbiota-gut-BAT axis for a paradigm shift to enable holobiont-centric medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Khakisahneh
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, 814 Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Xue-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Song-Yi Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, 814 Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Song
- Research Group of Gut Microbiome, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, 245, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Do Nam
- Research Group of Gut Microbiome, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, 245, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Wanju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hojun Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, 814 Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, 10326, Republic of Korea.
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Wang J, Jiang M, Hu Y, Lei Y, Zhu Y, Xiong H, He C. Lactulose regulates gut microbiota dysbiosis and promotes short-chain fatty acids production in acute pancreatitis patients with intestinal dysfunction. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114769. [PMID: 37116350 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal dysfunction is one of the common complications in the early stage of acute pancreatitis (AP), which often associates with bad outcome. Lactulose, as a prebiotic, has been widely used to improve gut health, yet its effect on AP is unclear. METHODS This was a prospective, randomized trial of moderate severe AP patients complicated with intestinal dysfunction. A total of 73 participants were randomly assigned to receive either lactulose or Chinese herb rhubarb for 1 week. The primary efficacy endpoint was the recovery of intestinal function. The serum levels of inflammatory cytokines and gut barrier indexes were examined. The fecal samples from patients before and after treatment were collected. 16 S rRNA gene sequencing analysis was performed to explore the composition of gut microbiota and the amount of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). RESULTS The intestinal dysfunction was prominently improved after 7 days of treatment with either lactulose or rhubarb. The serum levels of cytokines and gut permeability index were decreased after treatment, with stronger down-regulated degree in lactulose group than rhubarb. The potential beneficial genus Bifidobacterium was enriched in lactulose group, while pathogenic bacteria including Escherichia-Shigella and Neisseria were abundant in rhubarb group. Of note, the level of SCFAs was remarkably increased after treatment, with higher amount in lactulose group than rhubarb group. CONCLUSIONS Lactulose could not only restore intestinal function but also regulate gut microbiota and promote the production of SCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive disease hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Meilan Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive disease hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive disease hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yupeng Lei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive disease hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive disease hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huifang Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive disease hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Cong He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive disease hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
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11
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Mruk-Mazurkiewicz H, Kulaszyńska M, Jakubczyk K, Janda-Milczarek K, Czarnecka W, Rębacz-Maron E, Zacha S, Sieńko J, Zeair S, Dalewski B, Marlicz W, Łoniewski I, Skonieczna-Żydecka K. Clinical Relevance of Gut Microbiota Alterations under the Influence of Selected Drugs-Updated Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030952. [PMID: 36979931 PMCID: PMC10046554 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As pharmacology and science progress, we discover new generations of medicines. This relationship is a response to the increasing demand for medicaments and is powered by progress in medicine and research about the respective entities. However, we have questions about the efficiency of pharmacotherapy in individual groups of patients. The effectiveness of therapy is controlled by many variables, such as genetic predisposition, age, sex and diet. Therefore, we must also pay attention to the microbiota, which fulfill a lot of functions in the human body. Drugs used in psychiatry, gastroenterology, diabetology and other fields of medicine have been demonstrated to possess much potential to change the composition and probably the function of the intestinal microbiota, which consequently creates long-term risks of developing chronic diseases. The article describes the amazing interactions between gut microbes and drugs currently used in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Kulaszyńska
- Department of Biochemical Science, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karolina Jakubczyk
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Janda-Milczarek
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Czarnecka
- Department of Biochemical Science, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Rębacz-Maron
- Institute of Biology, Department of Ecology and Anthropology, University of Szczecin, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Sławomir Zacha
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics and Oncology of the Musculoskeletal System, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jerzy Sieńko
- Department of General and Gastroenterology Oncology Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-899 Szczecin, Poland
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, 70-453 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Samir Zeair
- General and Transplant Surgery Ward with Sub-Departments of Pomeranian Regional Hospital in Szczecin, 71-455 Arkonska, Poland
| | - Bartosz Dalewski
- Department of Dental Prosthetics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Marlicz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-455 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Igor Łoniewski
- Department of Biochemical Science, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
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12
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Wei Y, Huang N, Ye X, Liu M, Wei M, Huang Y. The postbiotic of hawthorn-probiotic ameliorating constipation caused by loperamide in elderly mice by regulating intestinal microecology. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1103463. [PMID: 37006920 PMCID: PMC10061020 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1103463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundConstipation is common gastrointestinal disorder with high prevalence and recurrence, making people suffering. However, the treatment for constipation remains ineffectual. We aimed to the study the effects and mechanisms of postbiotic of hawthorn-probiotic on loperamide modeled old KM mice.MethodsConstipated mice were grouped and treated with 10% lactulose (Y), hawthorn group (S), probiotic group (F) and postbiotic of hawthorn-probiotic (FS). Fecal changes were observed. AQP3 and Enac-γ were measured by RT-qPCR and Western blotting, intestinal barrier by H&E and immunofluorescence staining, cell proliferation and apoptosis by CCK8 and flow cytometry. Gut microbiota was further determined by 16 s rRNA sequence of feces.ResultsPostbiotic of hawthorn-probiotic improved intestinal movement and pathomorphology, elevated AQP3, Enac-γ and mucin-2 expression, accompanied by decreased serum TNF-α and cell apoptosis, but increased proliferation. Furthermore, it modified the gut microbiota of constipated mice, featured by upregulation of Lactobacillaceae.ConclusionPostbiotic of hawthorn-probiotic relieved constipation by combined effects of regulating intestinal water and sodium metabolism, maintain intestinal barrier and gut microflora.Graphical Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wei
- Basic Medical Science College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Na Huang
- The Eighth School of Clinical Medicine (Foshan Hospital of TCM), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinyu Ye
- Basic Medical Science College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Basic Medical Science College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meilian Wei
- Basic Medical Science College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yali Huang
- Basic Medical Science College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Yali Huang,
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Kim JE, Roh YJ, Choi YJ, Lee SJ, Jin YJ, Song HJ, Seol AY, Son HJ, Hong JT, Hwang DY. Dysbiosis of Fecal Microbiota in Tg2576 Mice for Alzheimer's Disease during Pathological Constipation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314928. [PMID: 36499254 PMCID: PMC9736912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tg2576 transgenic mice for Alzheimer's disease (AD) exhibited significant phenotypes for neuropathological constipation, but no research has been conducted on the association of the fecal microbiota with dysbiosis. The correlation between fecal microbiota composition and neuropathological constipation in Tg2576 mice was investigated by examining the profile of fecal microbiota and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in 9-10-month-old Tg2576 mice with the AD phenotypes and constipation. Several constipation phenotypes, including stool parameters, colon length, and histopathological structures, were observed prominently in Tg2576 mice compared to the wild-type (WT) mice. The fecal microbiota of Tg2576 mice showed decreases in Bacteroidetes and increases in the Firmicutes and Proteobacteria populations at the phylum level. The FMT study showed that stool parameters, including weight, water content, and morphology, decreased remarkably in the FMT group transplanted with a fecal suspension of Tg2576 mice (TgFMT) compared to the FMT group transplanted with a fecal suspension of WT mice (WFMT). The distribution of myenteric neurons and the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), as well as the enteric nervous system (ENS) function, remained lower in the TgFMT group. These results suggest that the neuropathological constipation phenotypes of Tg2576 mice may be tightly linked to the dysbiosis of the fecal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jeong Roh
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Ju Choi
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jeong Jin
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Song
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Yun Seol
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Joo Son
- Department of Life Science and Environmental Biochemistry, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
- Longevity & Wellbeing Research Center, Laboratory Animals Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-350-5388
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Zhang D, Liu J, Cheng H, Wang H, Tan Y, Feng W, Peng C. Interactions between polysaccharides and gut microbiota: A metabolomic and microbial review. Food Res Int 2022; 160:111653. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Tang T, Wang J, Jiang Y, Zhu X, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Shu X, Deng Y, Zhang F. Bifidobacterium lactis TY-S01 Prevents Loperamide-Induced Constipation by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolites in Mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:890314. [PMID: 35845767 PMCID: PMC9277448 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.890314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have received widespread attention as a healthy ingredient. The preventive effect of Bifidobacterium lactis TY-S01 on loperamide-induced constipation in mice was investigated in this study. TY-S01 accelerated the peristalsis of intestine, maintained the humidity of faeces, and prevented the destruction of gut barrier. TY-S01 also maintained the 5-HT, MTL and SP at normal levels in constipated mice. Simultaneously, TY-S01 up-regulated the mRNA expressions of 5-HT4R, SERT, and MUC-2, while down-regulated the mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory genes remarkably. The levels of short-chain fatty acids in the feces of constipated mice were also increased because of the intervention with TY-S01. Moreover, TY-S01 prevented gut microbiological dysbiosis in constipated mice. Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that there was an obvious association between metabolic biomarkers and gut microbiota. In summary, TY-S01 regulated gut microbiota and the production of intestinal metabolites to prevent loperamide-induced constipation.
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Zhang N, Jin M, Wang K, Zhang Z, Shah NP, Wei H. Functional oligosaccharide fermentation in the gut: Improving intestinal health and its determinant factors-A review. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 284:119043. [PMID: 35287885 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.119043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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Zhan Y, Wen Y, Du LJ, Wang XX, Tang SY, Kong PF, Huang WG, Tang XG. Effects of Maren Pills on the Intestinal Microflora and Short-Chain Fatty Acid Profile in Drug-Induced Slow Transit Constipation Model Rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:804723. [PMID: 35496291 PMCID: PMC9039019 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.804723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Slow transit constipation (STC) is becoming a common and frequently occurring disease in today’s society, and it is necessary to explore the safe and effective treatment of STC. Method: Our study aimed to investigate whether the laxative effect of Maren pills (MRW) is associated with the regulation of intestinal microflora and intestinal metabolism in the colon. Loperamide hydrochloride-induced STC rats received MRW intragastrically for two consecutive weeks to evaluate the laxative effect of MRW involving the regulation of intestinal microflora, intestinal metabolism, and 5-HT signaling pathway. Intestinal microflora was detected by 16s rDNA sequencing, intestinal metabolism of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was detected by HPLC, and the 5-HT signaling pathway was detected by WB, ELISA, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemical analysis. Results: Our results revealed that the treatments with MRW increased not only the body weight, 24-h fecal number, 24-h wet fecal weight, 24-h dry fecal weight, fecal water content, and the intestinal propulsion rate but also the colonic goblet cell number, colonic Muc-2 protein expression, and colonic mucus layer thickness in the STC model rats. Moreover, MRW activated the 5-HT pathway by increasing the levels of 5-HT, 5-HIAA, 5-HT4R, CFTR, cAMP, and PKA in the colon tissue of STC rats. The 16S rDNA sequencing results showed that MRW improved the colonic microflora structure in colonic contents of STC rats, mainly by increasing Lactobacillus and decreasing Prevotella. Finally, we found that MRW regulated the SCFA metabolism in the colonic contents of the STC rats, mainly by increasing the contents of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid; the relative abundance of Lactobacillus was positively correlated with either contents of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid, and the relative abundance of Clostridium was negatively correlated. Conclusion: Our study further showed that MRW could improve constipation in STC rats, and the mechanism may be by regulating the intestinal microflora structure and improving the metabolism of SCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhan
- Department of Anorectal, Affiliated Hospital of Integrative Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
- Department of Anorectal, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Wen
- Department of Anorectal, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Li-Juan Du
- Department of Anorectal, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Xiang Wang
- Department of Digestive medicine, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Shi-Yu Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Peng-Fei Kong
- Department of Anorectal Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Wei-Guo Huang
- Department of Anorectal, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue-Gui Tang
- Department of Anorectal Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
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Aidarbekova S, Aider M. Production of Ryazhenka, a traditional Ukrainian fermented baked milk, by using electro-activated whey as supplementing ingredient and source of lactulose. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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