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Chen J, Ye Y, Yang Q, Fan Z, Shao Y, Wei X, Shi K, Dong J, Ma Y, Zhu J. Understanding the role of swirling flow in dry powder inhalers implications for design considerations and pulmonary delivery. J Control Release 2024; 373:410-425. [PMID: 39038545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are widely employed to treat respiratory diseases, offering numerous advantages such as high dose capacity and stable formulations. However, they usually face challenges in achieving sufficient pulmonary drug delivery and minimizing excessive oropharyngeal deposition. This review provides a new viewpoint to address these challenges by focusing on the role of swirling flow, a crucial yet under-researched aspect that induces strong turbulence. In the review, we comprehensively discuss both key classic designs (tangential inlet, swirling chamber, grid mesh, and mouthpiece) and innovative designs in inhalers, exploring how the induced swirling flow initiates powder dispersion and promotes delivery efficiency. Valuable design considerations to effectively coordinate inhalers with formulations and patients are also provided. It is highlighted that the delicate manipulation of swirling flow is essential to maximize benefits. By emphasizing the role of swirling flow and its potential application, this review offers promising insights for advancing DPI technology and optimizing therapeutic outcomes in inhaled therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Chen
- Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 211 Xingguang Road, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Yuqing Ye
- Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 211 Xingguang Road, Ningbo 315100, China; Particle Technology Research Centre, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada; Suzhou Inhal Pharma Co., Ltd, 502-Bldf A SIP, 108 Yuxin Road, Suzhou 215125, China.
| | - Qingliang Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Particle Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Ziyi Fan
- Particle Technology Research Centre, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Yuanyuan Shao
- Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 211 Xingguang Road, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wei
- Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 211 Xingguang Road, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Kaiqi Shi
- Suzhou Inhal Pharma Co., Ltd, 502-Bldf A SIP, 108 Yuxin Road, Suzhou 215125, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Suzhou Inhal Pharma Co., Ltd, 502-Bldf A SIP, 108 Yuxin Road, Suzhou 215125, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Particle Technology Research Centre, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada; Suzhou Inhal Pharma Co., Ltd, 502-Bldf A SIP, 108 Yuxin Road, Suzhou 215125, China
| | - Jesse Zhu
- Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 211 Xingguang Road, Ningbo 315100, China; Particle Technology Research Centre, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada; Eastern Institute of Technology, Ningbo 315200, China.
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2
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Huang Y, Tang H, Meng X, Liu D, Liu Y, Chen B, Zou Z. Highly Drug-Loaded Nanoaggregate Microparticles for Pulmonary Delivery of Cyclosporin A. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:7529-7546. [PMID: 39071501 PMCID: PMC11283786 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s470134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nanoparticles have the advantages of improving the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs, facilitating the drug across biological barriers, and reducing macrophage phagocytosis in pulmonary drug delivery. However, nanoparticles have a small aerodynamic particle size, which makes it difficult to achieve optimal deposition when delivered directly to the lungs. Therefore, delivering nanoparticles to the lungs effectively has become a popular research topic. Methods Nanoaggregate microparticles were used as a pulmonary drug delivery strategy for the improvement of the bioavailability of cyclosporine A (CsA). The nanoaggregate microparticles were prepared with polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as the excipient by combining the anti-solvent method and spray drying process. The physicochemical properties, aerodynamic properties, in vivo pharmacokinetics and inhalation toxicity of nanoaggregate microparticles were systematically evaluated. Results The optimal nanoparticles exhibited mainly spherical shapes with the particle size and zeta potential of 180.52 nm and -19.8 mV. The nanoaggregate microparticles exhibited irregular shapes with the particle sizes of less than 1.6 µm and drug loading (DL) values higher than 70%. Formulation NM-2 as the optimal nanoaggregate microparticles was suitable for pulmonary drug delivery and probably deposited in the bronchiole and alveolar region, with FPF and MMAD values of 89.62% and 1.74 μm. In addition, inhaled NM-2 had C max and AUC0-∞ values approximately 1.7-fold and 1.8-fold higher than oral cyclosporine soft capsules (Neoral®). The inhalation toxicity study suggested that pulmonary delivery of NM-2 did not result in lung function damage, inflammatory responses, or tissue lesions. Conclusion The novel nanoaggregate microparticles for pulmonary drug delivery could effectively enhance the relative bioavailability of CsA and had great potential for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongpeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangyan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Pasero L, Susa F, Limongi T, Pisano R. A Review on Micro and Nanoengineering in Powder-Based Pulmonary Drug Delivery. Int J Pharm 2024; 659:124248. [PMID: 38782150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary delivery of drugs has emerged as a promising approach for the treatment of both lung and systemic diseases. Compared to other drug delivery routes, inhalation offers numerous advantages including high targeting, fewer side effects, and a huge surface area for drug absorption. However, the deposition of drugs in the lungs can be limited by lung defence mechanisms such as mucociliary and macrophages' clearance. Among the delivery devices, dry powder inhalers represent the optimal choice due to their stability, ease of use, and absence of propellants. In the last decades, several bottom-up techniques have emerged over traditional milling to produce inhalable powders. Among these techniques, the most employed ones are spray drying, supercritical fluid technology, spray freeze-drying, and thin film freezing. Inhalable dry powders can be constituted by micronized drugs attached to a coarse carrier (e.g., lactose) or drugs embedded into a micro- or nanoparticle. Particulate-based formulations are commonly composed of polymeric micro- and nanoparticles, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, dendrimers, nanocrystals, extracellular vesicles, and inorganic nanoparticles. Moreover, engineered formulations including large porous particles, swellable microparticles, nano-in-microparticles, and effervescent nanoparticles have been developed. Particle engineering has also a crucial role in tuning the physical-chemical properties of both carrier-based and carrier-free inhalable powders. This approach can increase powder flowability, deposition, and targeting by customising particle surface features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Pasero
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 24 Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi, 10129 Torino, Italy.
| | - Francesca Susa
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 24 Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi, 10129 Torino, Italy.
| | - Tania Limongi
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 24 Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi, 10129 Torino, Italy; Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 9 P. Giuria Street, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Roberto Pisano
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 24 Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi, 10129 Torino, Italy.
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Campos Pacheco JE, Yalovenko T, Riaz A, Kotov N, Davids C, Persson A, Falkman P, Feiler A, Godaly G, Johnson CM, Ekström M, Pilkington GA, Valetti S. Inhalable porous particles as dual micro-nano carriers demonstrating efficient lung drug delivery for treatment of tuberculosis. J Control Release 2024; 369:231-250. [PMID: 38479444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Inhalation therapy treating severe infectious disease is among the more complex and emerging topics in controlled drug release. Micron-sized carriers are needed to deposit drugs into the lower airways, while nano-sized carriers are of preference for cell targeting. Here, we present a novel and versatile strategy using micron-sized spherical particles with an excellent aerodynamic profile that dissolve in the lung fluid to ultimately generate nanoparticles enabling to enhance both extra- and intra-cellular drug delivery (i.e., dual micro-nano inhalation strategy). The spherical particles are synthesised through the condensation of nano-sized amorphous silicon dioxide resulting in high surface area, disordered mesoporous silica particles (MSPs) with monodispersed size of 2.43 μm. Clofazimine (CLZ), a drug shown to be effective against multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, was encapsulated in the MSPs obtaining a dry powder formulation with high respirable fraction (F.P.F. <5 μm of 50%) without the need of additional excipients. DSC, XRPD, and Nitrogen adsorption-desorption indicate that the drug was fully amorphous when confined in the nano-sized pores (9-10 nm) of the MSPs (shelf-life of 20 months at 4 °C). Once deposited in the lung, the CLZ-MSPs exhibited a dual action. Firstly, the nanoconfinement within the MSPs enabled a drastic dissolution enhancement of CLZ in simulated lung fluid (i.e., 16-fold higher than the free drug), increasing mycobacterial killing than CLZ alone (p = 0.0262) and reaching concentrations above the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against biofilms of M. tuberculosis (i.e., targeting extracellular bacteria). The released CLZ permeated but was highly retained in a Calu-3 respiratory epithelium model, suggesting a high local drug concentration within the lung tissue minimizing risk for systemic side effects. Secondly, the micron-sized drug carriers spontaneously dissolve in simulated lung fluid into nano-sized drug carriers (shown by Nano-FTIR), delivering high CLZ cargo inside macrophages and drastically decreasing the mycobacterial burden inside macrophages (i.e., targeting intracellular bacteria). Safety studies showed neither measurable toxicity on macrophages nor Calu-3 cells, nor impaired epithelial integrity. The dissolved MSPs also did not show haemolytic effect on human erythrocytes. In a nutshell, this study presents a low-cost, stable and non-invasive dried powder formulation based on a dual micro-nano carrier to efficiently deliver drug to the lungs overcoming technological and practical challenges for global healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús E Campos Pacheco
- Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden; Biofilms - Research Center for Biointerfaces (BRCB), Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tetiana Yalovenko
- Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden; Biofilms - Research Center for Biointerfaces (BRCB), Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Azra Riaz
- Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden; Biofilms - Research Center for Biointerfaces (BRCB), Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Nikolay Kotov
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camilla Davids
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Institution of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alva Persson
- Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden; Biofilms - Research Center for Biointerfaces (BRCB), Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter Falkman
- Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden; Biofilms - Research Center for Biointerfaces (BRCB), Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Adam Feiler
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; Nanologica AB (publ), Forskargatan 20G, 151 36 Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Gabriela Godaly
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Institution of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - C Magnus Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Georgia A Pilkington
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; Nanologica AB (publ), Forskargatan 20G, 151 36 Södertälje, Sweden.
| | - Sabrina Valetti
- Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden; Biofilms - Research Center for Biointerfaces (BRCB), Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden.
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Clarke J, Gamble JF, Jones JW, Tobyn M, Ingram A, Greenwood R. Determining the Impact of Roller Compaction Processing Conditions on Granulate and API Properties: Impact of Formulation API Load. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:24. [PMID: 38267745 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02744-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous work demonstrated that roller compaction of a 40%w/w theophylline-loaded formulation resulted in granulate consisting of un-compacted fractions which were shown to constitute between 34 and 48%v/v of the granulate dependent on processing conditions. The active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) primary particle size within the un-compacted fraction was also shown to have undergone notable size reduction. The aim of the current work was to test the hypothesis that the observations may be more indicative of the relative compactability of the API due to the formulation being above the percolation threshold. This was done by assessing the impact of varied API loads in the formulation on the non-granulated fraction of the final granulate and the extent of attrition of API particles within the non-granulated fraction. The influence of processing conditions for all formulations was also investigated. The results verify that the observations, both of this study and the previous work, are not a consequence of exceeding the percolation threshold. The volume of un-compacted material within the granulate samples was observed to range between 34.7 and 65.5% depending on the API load and roll pressure, whilst the API attrition was equivalent across all conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Clarke
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - John F Gamble
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Reeds Lane, Moreton, Wirral, CH46 1QW, UK.
| | - John W Jones
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Reeds Lane, Moreton, Wirral, CH46 1QW, UK
| | - Mike Tobyn
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Reeds Lane, Moreton, Wirral, CH46 1QW, UK
| | - Andrew Ingram
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Richard Greenwood
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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Banat H, Csóka I, Paróczai D, Burian K, Farkas Á, Ambrus R. A Novel Combined Dry Powder Inhaler Comprising Nanosized Ketoprofen-Embedded Mannitol-Coated Microparticles for Pulmonary Inflammations: Development, In Vitro-In Silico Characterization, and Cell Line Evaluation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:75. [PMID: 38256908 PMCID: PMC10818896 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary inflammations such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cystic fibrosis are widespread and can be fatal, especially when they are characterized by abnormal mucus accumulation. Inhaled corticosteroids are commonly used for lung inflammations despite their considerable side effects. By utilizing particle engineering techniques, a combined dry powder inhaler (DPI) comprising nanosized ketoprofen-embedded mannitol-coated microparticles was developed. A nanoembedded microparticle system means a novel advance in pulmonary delivery by enhancing local pulmonary deposition while avoiding clearance mechanisms. Ketoprofen, a poorly water-soluble anti-inflammatory drug, was dispersed in the stabilizer solution and then homogenized by ultraturrax. Following this, a ketoprofen-containing nanosuspension was produced by wet-media milling. Furthermore, co-spray drying was conducted with L-leucine (dispersity enhancer) and mannitol (coating and mucuactive agent). Particle size, morphology, dissolution, permeation, viscosity, in vitro and in silico deposition, cytotoxicity, and anti-inflammatory effect were investigated. The particle size of the ketoprofen-containing nanosuspension was ~230 nm. SEM images of the spray-dried powder displayed wrinkled, coated, and nearly spherical particles with a final size of ~2 µm (nano-in-micro), which is optimal for pulmonary delivery. The mannitol-containing samples decreased the viscosity of 10% mucin solution. The results of the mass median aerodynamic diameter (2.4-4.5 µm), fine particle fraction (56-71%), permeation (five-fold enhancement), and dissolution (80% release in 5 min) confirmed that the system is ideal for local inhalation. All samples showed a significant anti-inflammatory effect and decreased IL-6 on the LPS-treated U937 cell line with low cytotoxicity. Hence, developing an innovative combined DPI comprising ketoprofen and mannitol by employing a nano-in-micro approach is a potential treatment for lung inflammations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Banat
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u.6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (H.B.); (I.C.)
| | - Ildikó Csóka
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u.6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (H.B.); (I.C.)
| | - Dóra Paróczai
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm Square 10, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.P.); (K.B.)
| | - Katalin Burian
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm Square 10, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.P.); (K.B.)
| | - Árpád Farkas
- Centre for Energy Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1121 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Rita Ambrus
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u.6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (H.B.); (I.C.)
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Zhang M, Lu H, Xie L, Liu X, Cun D, Yang M. Inhaled RNA drugs to treat lung diseases: Disease-related cells and nano-bio interactions. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 203:115144. [PMID: 37995899 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, RNA-based therapies have gained much attention as biomedicines due to their remarkable therapeutic effects with high specificity and potency. Lung diseases offer a variety of currently undruggable but attractive targets that could potentially be treated with RNA drugs. Inhaled RNA drugs for the treatment of lung diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome, have attracted more and more attention. A variety of novel nanoformulations have been designed and attempted for the delivery of RNA drugs to the lung via inhalation. However, the delivery of RNA drugs via inhalation poses several challenges. It includes protection of the stability of RNA molecules, overcoming biological barriers such as mucus and cell membrane to the delivery of RNA molecules to the targeted cytoplasm, escaping endosomal entrapment, and circumventing unwanted immune response etc. To address these challenges, ongoing researches focus on developing innovative nanoparticles to enhance the stability of RNA molecules, improve cellular targeting, enhance cellular uptake and endosomal escape to achieve precise delivery of RNA drugs to the intended lung cells while avoiding unwanted nano-bio interactions and off-target effects. The present review first addresses the pathologic hallmarks of different lung diseases, disease-related cell types in the lung, and promising therapeutic targets in these lung cells. Subsequently we highlight the importance of the nano-bio interactions in the lung that need to be addressed to realize disease-related cell-specific delivery of inhaled RNA drugs. This is followed by a review on the physical and chemical characteristics of inhaled nanoformulations that influence the nano-bio interactions with a focus on surface functionalization. Finally, the challenges in the development of inhaled nanomedicines and some key aspects that need to be considered in the development of future inhaled RNA drugs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China; School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Haoyu Lu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Liangkun Xie
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Xulu Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Dongmei Cun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China.
| | - Mingshi Yang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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8
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Jadhav K, Jhilta A, Singh R, Ray E, Sharma N, Shukla R, Singh AK, Verma RK. Clofazimine nanoclusters show high efficacy in experimental TB with amelioration in paradoxical lung inflammation. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 154:213594. [PMID: 37657277 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
The rise of tuberculosis (TB) superbugs has impeded efforts to control this infectious ailment, and new treatment options are few. Paradoxical Inflammation (PI) is another major problem associated with current anti-TB therapy, which can complicate the treatment and leads to clinical worsening of disease despite a decrease in bacterial burden in the lungs. TB infection is generally accompanied by an intense local inflammatory response which may be critical to TB pathogenesis. Clofazimine (CLF), a second-line anti-TB drug, delineated potential anti-mycobacterial effects in-vitro and in-vivo and also demonstrated anti-inflammatory potential in in-vitro experiments. However, clinical implications may be restricted owing to poor solubility and low bioavailability rendering a suboptimal drug concentration in the target organ. To unravel these issues, nanocrystals of CLF (CLF-NC) were prepared using a microfluidizer® technology, which was further processed into micro-sized CLF nano-clusters (CLF-NCLs) by spray drying technique. This particle engineering offers combined advantages of micron- and nano-scale particles where micron-size (∼5 μm) promise optimum aerodynamic parameters for the finest lung deposition, and nano-scale dimensions (∼600 nm) improve the dissolution profile of apparently insoluble clofazimine. An inhalable formulation was evaluated against virulent mycobacterium tuberculosis in in-vitro studies and in mice infected with aerosol TB infection. CLF-NCLs resulted in the significant killing of virulent TB bacteria with a MIC value of ∼0.62 μg/mL, as demonstrated by Resazurin microtiter assay (REMA). In TB-infected mice, inhaled doses of CLF-NCLs equivalent to ∼300 μg and ∼ 600 μg of CLF administered on every alternate day over 30 days significantly reduced the number of bacteria in the lung. With an inhaled dose of ∼600 μg/mice, reduction of mycobacterial colony forming units (CFU) was achieved by ∼1.95 Log10CFU times compared to CLF administered via oral gavage (∼1.18 Log10CFU). Lung histology scoring showed improved pathogenesis and inflammation in infected animals after 30 days of inhalation dosing of CLF-NCLs. The levels of pro-inflammatory mediators, including cytokines, TNF-α & IL-6, and MMP-2 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL-F) and lung tissue homogenates, were attenuated after inhalation treatment. These pre-clinical data suggest inhalable CLF-NCLs are well tolerated, show significant anti-TB activity and apparently able to tackle the challenge of paradoxical chronic lung inflammation in murine TB model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Jadhav
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology lab, Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Sector-81, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Agrim Jhilta
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology lab, Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Sector-81, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Raghuraj Singh
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology lab, Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Sector-81, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Eupa Ray
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology lab, Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Sector-81, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Neleesh Sharma
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & A.H., Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, R.S. Pura, Jammu, J&K, India
| | - Rahul Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Raebareli), Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Lucknow, UP 226002, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Experimental Animal Facility, ICMR-National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Tajganj, Agra 282004, India.
| | - Rahul Kumar Verma
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology lab, Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Sector-81, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India.
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Togami K, Hazama Y, Nakamura Y, Ishizawa K, Chono S. Development of a Compensated Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Imaging for Improved Assessment of the Intrapulmonary Distribution of Polymeric Nanoparticles. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2696-2702. [PMID: 37478971 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation-based drug delivery systems have gained attention as potential therapeutic options for various respiratory diseases. Among these systems, nanoparticles are being explored as drug carriers because of their ability to deliver therapeutic agents directly to the lungs. It is essential to accurately evaluate the intrapulmonary behavior of nanoparticles to optimize drug delivery and achieve selective targeting of lung lesions. Prior research used the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) phenomenon to study the in vivo behavior of nanoparticles as drug carriers. In this study, image reconstruction involving bleed-through compensation was used to quantitatively assess the behavior of FRET nanoparticles in the lungs. When the nanoparticles for FRET fluorescence imaging, which employed 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindodicarbocyanine, 4-chlorobenzenesulfonate salt (DiD) as the donor and as 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine iodide (DiR) the acceptor, were administered to mouse lungs, whole-body in vivo imaging could not compensate for the influence of respiration and heartbeat. However, ex vivo imaging of excised lungs enabled the quantitative evaluation of the time-concentration profiles and distribution of nanoparticles within the lungs. This imaging technique is particularly useful for the development of inhalable nanoparticles that specifically target the lesions and exhibit controlled-release capabilities within the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Togami
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Hokkaido University of Science, 7-Jo 15-4-1 Maeda, Teine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 006-8585, Japan; Creation Research Institute of Life Science in KITA-no-DAICHI, 7-Jo 15-4-1 Maeda, Teine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 006-8585, Japan.
| | - Yoshiki Hazama
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Hokkaido University of Science, 7-Jo 15-4-1 Maeda, Teine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 006-8585, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Hokkaido University of Science, 7-Jo 15-4-1 Maeda, Teine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 006-8585, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Ishizawa
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Hokkaido University of Science, 7-Jo 15-4-1 Maeda, Teine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 006-8585, Japan
| | - Sumio Chono
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Hokkaido University of Science, 7-Jo 15-4-1 Maeda, Teine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 006-8585, Japan; Creation Research Institute of Life Science in KITA-no-DAICHI, 7-Jo 15-4-1 Maeda, Teine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 006-8585, Japan
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10
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Yadav KS, Raut HC, Nijhawan HP. Inhalable spray-dried polycaprolactone-based microparticles of Sorafenib Tosylate with promising efficacy on A549 cells. Pharm Dev Technol 2023; 28:755-767. [PMID: 37665569 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2023.2251148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The study developed and evaluated Sorafenib Tosylate (SRT)-loaded polymeric microparticles (MPs) using biodegradable polymer polycaprolactone (PCL) as a potential inhalable carrier for NSCLC. MPs were prepared by spray-drying an oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion. The optimized MPs demonstrated excellent flowability, particle size of 2.84 ± 0.5 μm, zeta potential of -14.0 ± 1.5 mV, and 85.08 ± 5.43% entrapment efficiency. ATR-FTIR/DSC studies revealed a lack of characteristic peaks of the crystalline drug signifying good entrapment of the drug. MPs were spherical and uniform in SEM pictures. The MPs showed a biphasic release pattern up to 72h. The Anderson cascade impactor (ACI) investigation demonstrated the highest drug deposition at stage 4, which revealed that the MPs can reach the lungs' secondary and terminal bronchi. Inhalable MPs had an efficient aerodynamic property with a mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 2.63 ± 1.3 μm, a geometric standard deviation (GSD) of 1.93 ± 0.2 μm, and a fine particle fraction (FPF) of 87 ± 2.5%. Finally, in cytotoxicity studies on A549 cancer cells, MPs had an IC50 value of 0.6011 ± 0.8 μM, which was 85.68% lower than free drug. These findings suggest SRT-loaded inhalable PCL-based MPs as a novel NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushwant S Yadav
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS Deemed to be University, Mumbai, India
| | - Hrushikesh C Raut
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS Deemed to be University, Mumbai, India
| | - Harsh P Nijhawan
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS Deemed to be University, Mumbai, India
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11
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Huang Y, Tang H, Liu D, Liu Y, Meng X, Chen B, Zou Z. Cyclosporine A-loaded chitosan extra-fine particles for deep pulmonary drug delivery: In vitro and in vivo evaluation. J Control Release 2023; 362:243-256. [PMID: 37634553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the extra-fine dry powder inhalers (DPIs) with chitosan (CS) as carrier were successfully prepared by ionic gel method combined with spray drying technique for deep pulmonary drug delivery of Cyclosporine A (CsA), using sodium hyaluronate (SHA) and sodium polyglutamate (SPGA) as polyanions. The CsA-loaded DPIs of CS-SHA-CsA and CS-SPGA-CsA were spherical particles with wrinkles on the surface, which were more conducive to improving the aerosol properties. The aerodynamic evaluation of CS-SHA-CsA and CS-SPGA-CsA showed that the fine particle fraction (FPF) reached up to 79.22 ± 2.12% and 81.55 ± 0.43%, while the emitted fraction (EF) reached 77.15 ± 1.46% and 78.29 ± 2.10%. In addition, the mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) was calculated as 1.58 ± 0.04 μm and 1.94 ± 0.02 μm for CS-SHA-CsA and CS-SPGA-CsA, indicating that they were all extra-fine particles (d < 2 μm). These in vitro aerodynamic results showed that CS-SHA-CsA and CS-SPGA-CsA could reach the smaller airways, further improving therapeutic efficiency. The cell viability on A549 cell line results showed that CS-SHA-CsA and CS-SPGA-CsA were safe to deliver CsA to lungs. The in vivo pharmacokinetics consequence proved that inhalation administration of CS-SHA-CsA and CS-SPGA-CsA could significantly improve the bioavailability of CsA in vivo compared with oral administration of Neoral®, effectively reducing the risk of a series of adverse effects caused by systemic overexposure. In addition, the safety and compatibility of DPIs using SHA, SPGA, and CS as carriers for pulmonary drug delivery was verified by in vivo repeated dose inhalation toxicity. From these findings, the extra-fine DPIs with CS as carrier could be a viable delivery option for the deep pulmonary drug delivery of CsA relative to orally administered drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongpeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Hui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Dongxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Xiangyan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Bo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China.
| | - Zhiyun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China.
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12
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Chan HW, Lee HW, Chow S, Lam DCL, Chow SF. Integrated continuous manufacturing of inhalable remdesivir nanoagglomerate dry powders: Design, optimization and therapeutic potential for respiratory viral infections. Int J Pharm 2023; 644:123303. [PMID: 37579825 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
While inhalable nanoparticle-based dry powders have demonstrated promising potential as next-generation respiratory medicines, erratic particle redispersibility and poor manufacturing reproducibility remain major hurdles hindering their translation from bench to bedside. We developed a one-step continuous process for fabricating inhalable remdesivir (RDV) nanoagglomerate dry powder formulations by integrating flash nanoprecipitation and spray drying. The nanosuspension formulation was optimized using a three-factor Box-Behnken design with a z-average particle size of 233.3 ± 2.3 nm and < 20% size change within six hours. The optimized inhalable nanoagglomerate dry powder formulation produced by spray drying showed adequate aqueous redispersibility (Sf/Si = 1.20 ± 0.01) and in vitro aerosol performance (mass median aerodynamic diameter of 3.80 ± 0.58 µm and fine particle fraction of 39.85 ± 10.16%). In A549 cells, RDV nanoparticles redispersed from the inhalable nanoagglomerate powders displayed enhanced and accelerated RDV cell uptake and negligible cytotoxicity at therapeutic RDV concentrations. No statistically significant differences were observed in the critical quality attributes of the inhalable nanoagglomerate powders produced from the continuous manufacturing and standalone batch modes. This work demonstrates the feasibility of large-scale continuous manufacturing of inhalable nanoagglomerate dry powder formulations, which pave the way for their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Wan Chan
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hok Wai Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stephanie Chow
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - David Chi Leung Lam
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shing Fung Chow
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China; Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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13
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Zacaron TM, Silva MLSE, Costa MP, Silva DME, Silva AC, Apolônio ACM, Fabri RL, Pittella F, Rocha HVA, Tavares GD. Advancements in Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles for Pulmonary Drug Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3849. [PMID: 37765701 PMCID: PMC10536410 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of respiratory diseases represents a considerable public health challenge, as they are among the leading causes of death worldwide. In this sense, in addition to the high prevalence of diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, cystic fibrosis, and lung cancer, emerging respiratory diseases, particularly those caused by members of the coronavirus family, have contributed to a significant number of deaths on a global scale over the last two decades. Therefore, several studies have been conducted to optimize the efficacy of treatments against these diseases, focusing on pulmonary drug delivery using nanomedicine. Thus, the development of nanocarriers has emerged as a promising alternative to overcome the limitations of conventional therapy, by increasing drug bioavailability at the target site and reducing unwanted side effects. In this context, nanoparticles composed of chitosan (CS) show advantages over other nanocarriers because chitosan possesses intrinsic biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and mucoadhesive capacity. Moreover, CS nanoparticles have the potential to enhance drug stability, prolong the duration of action, improve drug targeting, control drug release, optimize dissolution of poorly soluble drugs, and increase cell membrane permeability of hydrophobic drugs. These properties could optimize the performance of the drug after its pulmonary administration. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the potential of chitosan nanoparticles for pulmonary drug delivery, highlighting how their biological properties can improve the treatment of pulmonary diseases, including their synergistic action with the encapsulated drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Medeiros Zacaron
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (T.M.Z.); (M.P.C.); (D.M.e.S.); (A.C.S.); (R.L.F.); (F.P.)
| | | | - Mirsiane Pascoal Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (T.M.Z.); (M.P.C.); (D.M.e.S.); (A.C.S.); (R.L.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Dominique Mesquita e Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (T.M.Z.); (M.P.C.); (D.M.e.S.); (A.C.S.); (R.L.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Allana Carvalho Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (T.M.Z.); (M.P.C.); (D.M.e.S.); (A.C.S.); (R.L.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Ana Carolina Morais Apolônio
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil;
| | - Rodrigo Luiz Fabri
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (T.M.Z.); (M.P.C.); (D.M.e.S.); (A.C.S.); (R.L.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Frederico Pittella
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (T.M.Z.); (M.P.C.); (D.M.e.S.); (A.C.S.); (R.L.F.); (F.P.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil;
| | - Helvécio Vinícius Antunes Rocha
- Laboratory of Micro and Nanotechnology—Farmanguinhos, FIOCRUZ—Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-361, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
| | - Guilherme Diniz Tavares
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (T.M.Z.); (M.P.C.); (D.M.e.S.); (A.C.S.); (R.L.F.); (F.P.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil;
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14
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Caselli L, Rodrigues GR, Franco OL, Malmsten M. Pulmonary delivery systems for antimicrobial peptides. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37731338 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2254932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections of the respiratory tract cause millions of deaths annually. Several diseases exist wherein (1) bacterial infection is the main cause of disease (e.g., tuberculosis and bacterial pneumonia), (2) bacterial infection is a consequence of disease and worsens the disease prognosis (e.g., cystic fibrosis), and (3) bacteria-triggered inflammation propagates the disease (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Current approaches to combat infections generally include long and aggressive antibiotic treatments, which challenge patient compliance, thereby making relapses common and contributing to the development of antibiotic resistance. Consequently, the proportion of infections that cannot be treated with conventional antibiotics is rapidly increasing, and novel therapies are urgently needed. In this context, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have received considerable attention as they may exhibit potent antimicrobial effects against antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains but with modest toxicity. In addition, some AMPs suppress inflammation and provide other host defense functions (motivating the alternative term host defense peptides (HDPs)). However, the delivery of AMPs is complicated because they are large, positively charged, and amphiphilic. As a result of this, AMP delivery systems have recently attracted attention. For airway infections, the currently investigated delivery approaches range from aerosols and dry powders to various self-assembly and nanoparticle carrier systems, as well as their combinations. In this paper, we discuss recent developments in the field, ranging from mechanistic mode-of-action studies to the application of these systems for combating bacterial infections in the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gisele R Rodrigues
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Octavio L Franco
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- S-inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Martin Malmsten
- Physical Chemistry 1, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Banat H, Ambrus R, Csóka I. Drug combinations for inhalation: Current products and future development addressing disease control and patient compliance. Int J Pharm 2023; 643:123070. [PMID: 37230369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary delivery is an alternative route of administration with numerous advantages over conventional routes of administration. It provides low enzymatic exposure, fewer systemic side effects, no first-pass metabolism, and concentrated drug amounts at the site of the disease, making it an ideal route for the treatment of pulmonary diseases. Owing to the thin alveolar-capillary barrier, and large surface area that facilitates rapid absorption to the bloodstream in the lung, systemic delivery can be achieved as well. Administration of multiple drugs at one time became urgent to control chronic pulmonary diseases such as asthma and COPD, thus, development of drug combinations was proposed. Administration of medications with variable dosages from different inhalers leads to overburdening the patient and may cause low therapeutic intervention. Therefore, products that contain combined drugs to be delivered via a single inhaler have been developed to improve patient compliance, reduce different dose regimens, achieve higher disease control, and boost therapeutic effectiveness in some cases. This comprehensive review aimed to highlight the growth of drug combinations by inhalation over time, obstacles and challenges, and the possible progress to broaden the current options or to cover new indications in the future. Moreover, various pharmaceutical technologies in terms of formulation and device in correlation with inhaled combinations were discussed in this review. Hence, inhaled combination therapy is driven by the need to maintain and improve the quality of life for patients with chronic respiratory diseases; promoting drug combinations by inhalation to a higher level is a necessity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Banat
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Rita Ambrus
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Csóka
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Hungary.
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16
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Huang Y, Tang H, Meng X, Zhao Z, Liu Y, Liu D, Chen B, Zou Z. Development of Large Hollow Particles for Pulmonary Delivery of Cyclosporine A. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2204. [PMID: 37765173 PMCID: PMC10537410 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to prepare large hollow particles (LHPs) by spray drying for pulmonary delivery of cyclosporine A (CsA), using L-Leucine (LEU) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as excipients and ammonium bicarbonate (AB) as a porogen. The prepared LHPs were spherical particles composed of both CsA and LEU on the surface and HPMC on the inner layer. The formulation of CsA-LEU-0.8HPMC-AB as typical LHPs showed excellent in vitro aerodynamic performance with a minimum mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 1.15 μm. The solubility of CsA-LEU-0.8HPMC-AB was about 5.5-fold higher than that of raw CsA, and the dissolution of CsA-LEU-0.8HPMC-AB suggested that the drug was released within 1 h. The cell viability of the A549 cell line showed that CsA-LEU-0.8HPMC-AB was safe for delivering CsA to the lungs. In addition, inhalation administration of CsA-LEU-0.8HPMC-AB with the Cmax and AUC0-∞ increasing by about 2-fold and 2.8-fold compared with the oral administration of Neoral® could achieve therapeutic drug concentrations with lower systemic exposure and significantly improve the in vivo bioavailability of CsA. From these findings, the LHPs, with the advantage of avoiding alveolar macrophage clearance, could be a viable choice for delivering CsA by inhalation administration relative to oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China; (Y.H.); (H.T.); (X.M.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.); (D.L.)
| | - Zhiyun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China; (Y.H.); (H.T.); (X.M.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.); (D.L.)
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17
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Party P, Ambrus R. Investigation of Physico-Chemical Stability and Aerodynamic Properties of Novel "Nano-in-Micro" Structured Dry Powder Inhaler System. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1348. [PMID: 37512657 PMCID: PMC10386112 DOI: 10.3390/mi14071348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary drug transport has numerous benefits. Large surface areas for absorption and limited drug degradation of the gastrointestinal system are provided through the respiratory tract. The administration is painless and easy for the patient. Due to their better stability when compared to liquid formulations, powders have gained popularity among pulmonary formulations. In the pharmaceutical sector, quality assurance and product stability have drawn a lot of attention. Due to this, it was decided to perform a long-term stability study on a previously developed, nanosized dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulation that contained meloxicam. Wet milling was implemented to reduce the particle size, and nano spray-drying was used to produce the extra-fine inhalable particles. The particle diameter was determined using dynamic light scattering and laser diffraction. Scanning electron microscopy was utilized to describe the morphology. X-ray powder diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry were applied to determine the crystallinity. In an artificial lung medium, the in vitro dissolution was studied. The Andersen Cascade Impactor was used to investigate the in vitro aerodynamic characteristics. The stability test results demonstrated that the DPI formulation maintained its essential qualities after 6 and 12 months of storage. Consequently, the product might be promising for further studies and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Party
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös Street 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Rita Ambrus
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös Street 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
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18
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Kabra VD, Lahoti SR. Novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of cystic fibrosis based on freeze-dried tridrug microparticles to treat cystic fibrosis. Daru 2023; 31:39-50. [PMID: 37140775 PMCID: PMC10238345 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-023-00460-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis is a severe, autosomal recessive disease that shortens life expectancy. According to studies, approximately 27% of patients with CF aged 2-5 years and 60 to 70% of adult patients are infected with P. aeruginosa. The patients experience bronchospasm leading to a persistent contracted state of the airways. OBJECTIVES The current work explores the possibility of combining ivacaftor and ciprofloxacin to combat the bacteria. A third drug L-salbutamol would be coated onto the surface of the drug-entrappped microparticles to instantaneously provide relief from bronchoconstriction. METHODS The microparticles were prepared using bovine serum albumin and L-leucine using the freeze-drying approach. The process and formulation parameters were optimized. The prepared microparticles were surface coated by L-salbutamol using the dry-blending method. The microparticles were subjected to rigorous in-vitro characterization for entrapment, inhalability, antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity study and safety. The performance of the microparticles to be loaded into a inhaler was checked by the Anderson cascade impactor. RESULTS The freeze-dried microparticles had a particle size of 817.5 ± 5.6 nm with a polydispersity ratio of 0.33. They had a zeta potential of -23.3 ± 1.1 mV. The mass median aerodynamic diameter of the microparticles was 3.75 ± 0.07 μm, and the geometric standard diameter was 1.66 ± 0.033 μm. The microparticles showed good loading efficiency for all three drugs. DSC, SEM, XRD, and FTIR studies confirmed the entrapment of ivacaftor and ciprofloxacin. SEM and TEM scans observed the shape and the smooth surface. Antimicrobial synergism was proven by the agar broth, and dilution technique and the formulation was deemed safe by the results of the MTT assay. CONCLUSION Freeze-dried microparticles of ivacaftor, ciprofloxacin, and L-salbutamol could pave way to a hitherto unexplored combination of drugs as a novel approach to treat P. aeruginosa infcetions and bronchoconstriction commonly associated with cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak D Kabra
- Y. B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Roza Bagh, Aurangabad, MH, India, 431001
| | - Swaroop R Lahoti
- Y. B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Roza Bagh, Aurangabad, MH, India, 431001.
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19
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Rudolph D, Redinger N, Schwarz K, Li F, Hädrich G, Cohrs M, Dailey LA, Schaible UE, Feldmann C. Amorphous Drug Nanoparticles for Inhalation Therapy of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis. ACS NANO 2023; 17:9478-9486. [PMID: 37160267 PMCID: PMC10211367 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases. The global TB situation is further complicated by increasing patient numbers infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb.) strains resistant to either one or two of the first-line therapeutics, promoted by insufficient treatment length and/or drug levels due to adverse reactions and reduced patient compliance. An intriguing approach to improve anti-TB therapy relates to nanocarrier-based drug-delivery systems, which enhance local drug concentrations at infection sites without systemic toxicity. Recently developed anti-TB antibiotics, however, are lipophilic and difficult to transport in aqueous systems. Here, the very lipophilic TB-antibiotics bedaquiline (BDQ) and BTZ (1,3-benzothiazin-4-one 043) are prepared as high-dose, amorphous nanoparticles via a solvent-antisolvent technique. The nanoparticles exhibit mean diameters of 60 ± 13 nm (BDQ) and 62 ± 44 nm (BTZ) and have an extraordinarily high drug load with 69% BDQ and >99% BTZ of total nanoparticle mass plus a certain amount of surfactant (31% for BDQ, <1% for BTZ) to make the lipophilic drugs water-dispersible. Suspensions with high drug load (4.1 mg/mL BDQ, 4.2 mg/mL BTZ) are stable for several weeks. In vitro and in vivo studies employing M.tb.-infected macrophages and susceptible C3HeB/FeJ mice show promising activity, which outperforms conventional BDQ/BTZ solutions (in DMF or DMSO) with an up to 50% higher efficacy upon pulmonary delivery. In vitro, the BDQ/BTZ nanoparticles demonstrate their ability to cross the different biological barriers and to reach the site of the intracellular mycobacteria. In vivo, high amounts of the BDQ/BTZ nanoparticles are found in the lung and specifically inside granulomas, whereas only low BDQ/BTZ-nanoparticle levels are observed in spleen or liver. Thus, pulmonary delivered BDQ/BTZ nanoparticles are promising formulations to improve antituberculosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rudolph
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Natalja Redinger
- Research
Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Priority Area Infections, Division Cellular Microbiology, Parkallee 1-40, 23845 Borstel, Germany
- German
Center for Infection Research (DZIF),
Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | | | - Feng Li
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Gabriela Hädrich
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Michaela Cohrs
- Laboratory
for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Lea Ann Dailey
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Ulrich E. Schaible
- Research
Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Priority Area Infections, Division Cellular Microbiology, Parkallee 1-40, 23845 Borstel, Germany
- German
Center for Infection Research (DZIF),
Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, 23845 Borstel, Germany
- University of Lübeck, 23563 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Claus Feldmann
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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20
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Chan HW, Chow S, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Tong HHY, Chow SF. Inhalable Nanoparticle-based Dry Powder Formulations for Respiratory Diseases: Challenges and Strategies for Translational Research. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:98. [PMID: 37016029 PMCID: PMC10072922 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02559-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of novel respiratory infections (e.g., COVID-19) and expeditious development of nanoparticle-based COVID-19 vaccines have recently reignited considerable interest in designing inhalable nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems as next-generation respiratory therapeutics. Among various available devices in aerosol delivery, dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are preferable for delivery of nanoparticles due to their simplicity of use, high portability, and superior long-term stability. Despite research efforts devoted to developing inhaled nanoparticle-based DPI formulations, no such formulations have been approved to date, implying a research gap between bench and bedside. This review aims to address this gap by highlighting important yet often overlooked issues during pre-clinical development. We start with an overview and update on formulation and particle engineering strategies for fabricating inhalable nanoparticle-based dry powder formulations. An important but neglected aspect in in vitro characterization methodologies for linking the powder performance with their bio-fate is then discussed. Finally, the major challenges and strategies in their clinical translation are highlighted. We anticipate that focused research onto the existing knowledge gaps presented in this review would accelerate clinical applications of inhalable nanoparticle-based dry powders from a far-fetched fantasy to a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Wan Chan
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F, Laboratory Block 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong S.A.R., L2-08B, Pokfulam, China
| | - Stephanie Chow
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F, Laboratory Block 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong S.A.R., L2-08B, Pokfulam, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F, Laboratory Block 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong S.A.R., L2-08B, Pokfulam, China
| | - Yayi Zhao
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong S.A.R, Shatin, China
| | - Henry Hoi Yee Tong
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao S.A.R., China
| | - Shing Fung Chow
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F, Laboratory Block 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong S.A.R., L2-08B, Pokfulam, China.
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong S.A.R, Shatin, China.
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21
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Party P, Klement ML, Szabó-Révész P, Ambrus R. Preparation and Characterization of Ibuprofen Containing Nano-Embedded-Microparticles for Pulmonary Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020545. [PMID: 36839867 PMCID: PMC9966045 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A fatal hereditary condition, cystic fibrosis (CF) causes severe lung problems. Ibuprofen (IBU), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, slows the progression of disease without causing significant side effects. Considering the poor water-solubility of the drug, IBU nanoparticles are beneficial for local pulmonary administration. We aimed to formulate a carrier-free dry powder inhaler containing nanosized IBU. We combined high-performance ultra-sonication and nano spray-drying. IBU was dissolved in ethyl acetate; after that, it was sonicated into a polyvinyl alcohol solution, where it precipitated as nanoparticles. Mannitol and leucine were added when producing dry particles using nano-spray drying. The following investigations were implemented: dynamic light scattering, laser diffraction, surface tension measurement, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, in vitro dissolution test, and in vitro aerodynamic assessment (Andersen Cascade Impactor). The particle diameter of the IBU was in the nano range. The spray-dried particles showed a spherical morphology. The drug release was rapid in artificial lung media. The products represented large fine particle fractions and proper aerodynamic diameters. We successfully created an inhalable powder, containing nano-sized IBU. Along with the exceptional aerodynamic performance, the ideal particle size, shape, and drug-release profile might offer a ground-breaking local therapy for CF.
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22
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Zellnitz-Neugebauer S, Lanzinger M, Schroettner H, Naderi M, Guo M, Paudel A, Gruber-Woelfler H, Neugebauer P. Temperature cycling-induced formation of crystalline coatings. Int J Pharm 2023; 632:122577. [PMID: 36596318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The surface of particles is the hotspot of interaction with their environment and is therefore a major target for particle engineering. Particles with tailored coatings are greatly desired for a range of different applications. Amorphous coatings applied via film coating or microencapsulation have frequently been described in the pharmaceutical context and usually result in homogeneous surfaces. In the present study we have been exploring the feasibility of coating core particles with crystalline substances, a matter that has rarely been investigated. The expansion of the range of possible coating materials to include small organic molecules enables completely new product properties to be achieved. We present an approach based on temperature cycles performed in a tubular crystallizer to result in engineered crystalline coatings on excipient core particles. By manipulating the process settings and by the choice of coating substance we are able to tailor surface roughness, topography as well as surface chemistry. Benefits of our approach are demonstrated by using resulting particles as carriers in dry-powder-inhaler formulations. Depending on the resulting surface chemistry and surface roughness, coated carrier particles show varying fitness for delivering the model API salbutamol sulphate to the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magdalena Lanzinger
- Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Hartmuth Schroettner
- Institute of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis (FELMI), Graz University of Technology, Graz 8010, Austria; Graz Centre for Electron Microscopy (ZFE), Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Majid Naderi
- Surface Measurement Systems Ltd., London HA0 4PE, United Kingdom
| | - Meishan Guo
- Surface Measurement Systems Ltd., London HA0 4PE, United Kingdom
| | - Amrit Paudel
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz 8010, Austria; Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Heidrun Gruber-Woelfler
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz 8010, Austria; Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Peter Neugebauer
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz 8010, Austria; Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz 8010, Austria.
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23
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Kole E, Jadhav K, Sirsath N, Dudhe P, Verma RK, Chatterjee A, Naik J. Nanotherapeutics for pulmonary drug delivery: An emerging approach to overcome respiratory diseases. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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24
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Development of spray-dried N-acetylcysteine dry powder for inhalation. Int J Pharm 2023; 631:122550. [PMID: 36577481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has both antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities and has been used as adjuvant therapy in several viral infections. Recently, NAC attracted attention for its possible role in reducing the affinity of the spike protein receptor binding domain to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) receptors. Since only NAC solutions are available for inhalation, the purpose of the work was to develop a NAC dry powder for inhalation using mannitol or leucine as excipient. The powder was successfully produced using co-spray-drying with leucine. ATR-FTIR analyses evidenced spectral variations ascribed to the formation of specific interactions between NAC and leucine. This effect on the NAC environment was not evident for NAC-mannitol powders, but mannitol was in a different polymorphic form compared to the supplied material. Both the feedstock concentration and the leucine content have an impact on the powder aerodynamic features. In particular, to maximize the respirable fraction, it is preferable to produce the powder starting from a 0.5 % w/v feedstock solution using 33 to 50 % w/w leucine content. The NAC-leucine powder was stable for ten months maintaining NAC content of 50 % (w/w) and about 200 μg of NAC was able to deposit on a transwell insert, useful for future in vitro studies.
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25
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Mahar R, Chakraborty A, Nainwal N, Bahuguna R, Sajwan M, Jakhmola V. Application of PLGA as a Biodegradable and Biocompatible Polymer for Pulmonary Delivery of Drugs. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:39. [PMID: 36653547 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02502-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary administration of biodegradable polymeric formulation is beneficial in the treatment of various respiratory diseases. For respiratory delivery, the polymer must be non-toxic, biodegradable, biocompatible, and stable. Poly D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) is a widely used polymer for inhalable formulations because of its attractive mechanical and processing characteristics which give great opportunities to pharmaceutical industries to formulate novel inhalable products. PLGA has many pharmaceutical applications and its biocompatible nature produces non-toxic degradation products. The degradation of PLGA takes place through the non-enzymatic hydrolytic breakdown of ester bonds to produce free lactic acid and glycolic acid. The biodegradation products of PLGA are eliminated in the form of carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) by the Krebs cycle. The biocompatible properties of PLGA are investigated in various in vivo and in vitro studies. The high structural integrity of PLGA particles provides better stability, excellent drug loading, and sustained drug release. This review provides detailed information about PLGA as an inhalable grade polymer, its synthesis, advantages, physicochemical properties, biodegradability, and biocompatible characteristics. The important formulation aspects that must be considered during the manufacturing of inhalable PLGA formulations and the toxicity of PLGA in the lungs are also discussed in this paper. Additionally, a thorough overview is given on the application of PLGA as a particulate carrier in the treatment of major respiratory diseases, such as cystic fibrosis, lung cancer, tuberculosis, asthma, and pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Mahar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Arpita Chakraborty
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nidhi Nainwal
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Premnagar, Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Richa Bahuguna
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi, Premnagar, Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Meenakshi Sajwan
- Department of Pharmacy, GRD (PG) IMT, 214 Raipur Road, Dehradun, 248001, India
| | - Vikash Jakhmola
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Premnagar, Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India
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26
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Chow MY, Pan HW, Lam JK. Delivery technology of inhaled therapy for asthma and COPD. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37524490 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Inhaled therapy is the cornerstone of the management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Drugs such as bronchodilators and corticosteroids are administered directly to the airways for local effect and rapid onset of action while systemic exposure and side effects are minimized. There are four major types of inhaler devices used clinically to generate aerosols for inhalation, namely, pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs), nebulizers, Soft Mist™ inhalers (SMIs) and dry powder inhalers (DPIs). Each of them has its own unique characteristics that can target different patient groups. For instance, patients' inhaler technique is critical for pMDIs and SMIs to achieve proper drug deposition in the lung, which could be challenging for some patients. Nebulizers are designed to deliver aerosols to patients during tidal breathing, but they require electricity to operate and are less portable than other devices. DPIs are the only device that delivers aerosols in dry powder form with better stability, but they rely on patients' inspiration effort for powder dispersion, rendering them unsuitable for patients with compromised lung function. Choosing a device that can cater for the need of individual patient is paramount for effective inhaled therapy. This chapter provides an overview of inhaled therapy for the management of asthma and COPD. The operation principles, merits and limitations of different delivery technologies are examined. Looking ahead, the challenges of delivering novel therapeutics such as biologics through the pulmonary route are also discussed.
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27
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Ke WR, Chang RYK, Chan HK. Engineering the right formulation for enhanced drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 191:114561. [PMID: 36191861 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) can be used with a wide range of drugs such as small molecules and biologics and offer several advantages for inhaled therapy. Early DPI products were intended to treat asthma and lung chronic inflammatory disease by administering low-dose, high-potency drugs blended with lactose carrier particles. The use of lactose blends is still the most common approach to aid powder flowability and dose metering in DPI products. However, this conventional approach may not meet the high demand for formulation physical stability, aerosolisation performance, and bioavailability. To overcome these issues, innovative techniques coupled with modification of the traditional methods have been explored to engineer particles for enhanced drug delivery. Different particle engineering techniques have been utilised depending on the types of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (e.g., small molecules, peptides, proteins, cells) and the inhaled dose. This review discusses the challenges of formulating DPI formulations of low-dose and high-dose small molecule drugs, and biologics, followed by recent and emerging particle engineering strategies utilised in developing the right inhalable powder formulations for enhanced drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ren Ke
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Rachel Yoon Kyung Chang
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Hak-Kim Chan
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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28
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Nanomedicine for targeting the lung cancer cells by interpreting the signaling pathways. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Isabel CZ, Luis AD, Samuel ES, Elizabeth PS, Dea HR, Sergio AA. “Novel mucoadhesive PLGA-PVM/MA micro-nanocomposites loaded with felodipine intended for pulmonary administration by nebulization”. Int J Pharm 2022; 628:122295. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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30
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Solubility of pazopanib hydrochloride (PZH, anticancer drug) in supercritical CO2: Experimental and thermodynamic modeling. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Rahman MM, Zhao M, Islam MS, Dong K, Saha SC. Nanoparticle transport and deposition in a heterogeneous human lung airway tree: An efficient one path model for CFD simulations. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 177:106279. [PMID: 35985443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Understanding nano-particle inhalation in human lung airways helps targeted drug delivery for treating lung diseases. A wide range of numerical models have been developed to analyse nano-particle transport and deposition (TD) in different parts of airways. However, a precise understanding of nano-particle TD in large-scale airways is still unavailable in the literature. This study developed an efficient one-path numerical model for simulating nano-particle TD in large-scale lung airway models. This first-ever one-path numerical approach simulates airflow and nano-particle TD in generations 0-11 of the human lung, accounting for 93% of the whole airway length. The one-path model enables the simulation of particle TD in many generations of airways with an affordable time. The particle TD of 5 nm, 10 nm and 20 nm particles is simulated at inhalation flow rates for two different physical activities: resting and moderate activity. It is found that particle deposition efficiency of 5 nm particles is 28.94% higher than 20 nm particles because of the higher dispersion capacity. It is further proved that the diffusion mechanism dominates the particle TD in generations 0-11. The deposition efficiency decreases with the increase of generation number irrespective of the flow rate and particle size. The effects of the particle size and flow rate on the escaping rate of each generation are opposite to the corresponding effects on the deposition rate. The quantified deposition and escaping rates at generations 0-11 provide valuable guidelines for drug delivery in human lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md M Rahman
- School of Engineering, Design and Built Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Ming Zhao
- School of Engineering, Design and Built Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Mohammad S Islam
- School of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Kejun Dong
- School of Engineering, Design and Built Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Suvash C Saha
- School of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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32
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Alshahrani SM, Saqr AA, Alfadhel MM, Alshetaili AS, Almutairy BK, Alsubaiyel AM, Almari AH, Alamoudi JA, Abourehab MAS. Application of CO2 Supercritical Fluid to Optimize the Solubility of Oxaprozin: Development of Novel Machine Learning Predictive Models. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185762. [PMID: 36144490 PMCID: PMC9506598 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last years, extensive motivation has emerged towards the application of supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) for particle engineering. SCCO2 has great potential for application as a green and eco-friendly technique to reach small crystalline particles with narrow particle size distribution. In this paper, an artificial intelligence (AI) method has been used as an efficient and versatile tool to predict and consequently optimize the solubility of oxaprozin in SCCO2 systems. Three learning methods, including multi-layer perceptron (MLP), Kriging or Gaussian process regression (GPR), and k-nearest neighbors (KNN) are selected to make models on the tiny dataset. The dataset includes 32 data points with two input parameters (temperature and pressure) and one output (solubility). The optimized models were tested with standard metrics. MLP, GPR, and KNN have error rates of 2.079 × 10−8, 2.173 × 10−9, and 1.372 × 10−8, respectively, using MSE metrics. Additionally, in terms of R-squared, they have scores of 0.868, 0.997, and 0.999, respectively. The optimal inputs are the same as the maximum possible values and are paired with a solubility of 1.26 × 10−3 as an output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad M. Alshahrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.M.A.); (A.M.A.); (M.A.S.A.)
| | - Ahmed Al Saqr
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munerah M. Alfadhel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S. Alshetaili
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bjad K. Almutairy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal M. Alsubaiyel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.M.A.); (A.M.A.); (M.A.S.A.)
| | - Ali H. Almari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawaher Abdullah Alamoudi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 145111, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. S. Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
- Correspondence: (S.M.A.); (A.M.A.); (M.A.S.A.)
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33
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Ullah F, Shah KU, Shah SU, Nawaz A, Nawaz T, Khan KA, Alserihi RF, Tayeb HH, Tabrez S, Alfatama M. Synthesis, Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation of Chitosan Nanoparticles Physically Admixed with Lactose Microspheres for Pulmonary Delivery of Montelukast. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173564. [PMID: 36080637 PMCID: PMC9460706 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to synthesise montelukast-loaded polymeric nanoparticles via the ionic gelation method using chitosan as a natural polymer and tripolyphosphate as a crosslinking agent. Tween 80, hyaluronic acid and leucine were added to modify the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles, reduce the nanoparticles’ uptake by alveolar macrophages and improve powder aerosolisation, respectively. The nanoparticles ranged from 220 nm to 383 nm with a polydispersity index of ≤0.50. The zeta potential of nanoparticles ranged from 11 mV to 22 mV, with a drug association efficiency of 46–86%. The simple chitosan nanoparticles (F2) were more spherical in comparison to other formulations (F4–F6), while the roughness of hyaluronic acid (F5) and leucine (F6) added formulations was significantly high er than F2 and Tween 80 added formulation (F4). The DSC and FTIR analysis depict that the physical and chemical properties of the drug were preserved. The release of the drugs from nanoparticles was more sustained in the case of F5 and F6 when compared to F2 and F4 due to the additional coating of hyaluronic acid and leucine. The nanoparticles were amorphous and cohesive and prone to exhalation due to their small size. Therefore, nanoparticles were admixed with lactose microspheres to reduce particle agglomeration and improve powder dispersion from a dry powder inhaler (DPI). The DPI formulations achieved a dispersed fraction of 75 to 90%, a mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 1–2 µm and a fine particle fraction (FPF) of 28–83% when evaluated using the Anderson cascade impactor from Handihaler®. Overall, the montelukast-loaded nanoparticles physically admixed with lactose microspheres achieved optimum deposition in the deep lung for potential application in asthmatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faqir Ullah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Kifayat Ullah Shah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (K.U.S.); (A.N.); (M.A.)
| | | | - Asif Nawaz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (K.U.S.); (A.N.); (M.A.)
| | - Touseef Nawaz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Kamran Ahmad Khan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Raed F. Alserihi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Nanomedicine Unit, Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossam H. Tayeb
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Nanomedicine Unit, Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shams Tabrez
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mulham Alfatama
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, Besut 22200, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (K.U.S.); (A.N.); (M.A.)
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34
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Antimicrobial peptides for tackling cystic fibrosis related bacterial infections: a review. Microbiol Res 2022; 263:127152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Party P, Kókai D, Burián K, Nagy A, Hopp B, Ambrus R. Development of extra-fine particles containing nanosized meloxicam for deep pulmonary delivery: in vitro aerodynamic and cell line measurements. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 176:106247. [PMID: 35760279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary drug administration provides a platform for the effective local treatment of various respiratory diseases. Application of nano-sized active ingredients results in higher bioavailability because of their large specific surface area. Extra-fine dry powder inhalers reach the smaller airways, further improving therapeutic efficiency. Poorly water-soluble meloxicam was the selected active ingredient. We aimed to decrease the particle size into the nano range by wet milling and producing extra-fine inhalable particles via nano spray-drying. The diameter of the drug was reduced to 138 nm. The particle size of the dry products was between 1.1-1.5 µm, and the dispersed diameter was between 500-800 nm. Owing to the excipients (poly-vinyl-alcohol, leucine), the spray-dried particles presented nearly spherical morphology. The drug became partially amorphous. Thanks to the improved surface area, the solubility and the released and the diffused amount of the meloxicam increased in artificial lung media. The in vitro aerodynamic measurements showed that the leucine-containing formulations had outstanding fine particle fraction (FPF) deposition with 1.3 µm mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD). The aerodynamic particle counter test also proved the extra-fine aerodynamic particle size. The in vitro cell line experiments revealed the non-cytotoxicity of the products and the suppression of the interleukin concentration. Overall, the powders are suitable for deep pulmonary delivery and the local treatment of lung inflammations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Party
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös street 6., Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Dávid Kókai
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm square 10., 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Katalin Burián
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm square 10., 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Nagy
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Konkoly-Thege Miklós street 29-33., 1121, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Hopp
- Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, Dóm square 9., Szeged 6720 Hungary
| | - Rita Ambrus
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös street 6., Szeged 6720, Hungary.
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Nainwal N, Sharma Y, Jakhmola V. Dry powder inhalers of antitubercular drugs. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2022; 135:102228. [PMID: 35779497 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2022.102228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite advancements in the medical and pharmaceutical fields, tuberculosis remains a major health problem globally. Patients do not widely accept the conventional approach to treating tuberculosis (TB) due to prolonged treatment periods with multiple high doses of drugs and associated side effects. A pulmonary route is a non-invasive approach to delivering drugs, hormones, nucleic acid, steroids, proteins, and peptides directly to the lungs, improving the efficacy of the treatment and consequently decreasing the adverse effect of the treatment. This route has been successfully developed for the treatment of various respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), tuberculosis (TB), lung cancer, and other pulmonary infections. The major approaches of inhalation delivery systems include nebulizers, metered-dose inhalers (MDIs), and dry powder inhalers (DPIs). However, dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are more advantageous due to their stability and ability to deliver a high dose of the drug to the lungs. The present review analyzes the modern therapeutic approach of inhaled dry powders, with a special focus on novel drug delivery system (NDDS) based DPIs for the treatment of TB. The article also discussed the challenges of preparing inhalable dry powder formulations for the treatment of TB. The clinical development of inhalable anti-TB drugs is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Nainwal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248161, India.
| | - Yuwanshi Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248161, India.
| | - Vikash Jakhmola
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Premnagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India.
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Adhikari BR, Dummer J, Gordon KC, Das SC. An expert opinion on respiratory delivery of high dose powders for lung infections. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:795-813. [PMID: 35695722 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2089111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High dose powder inhalation is evolving as an important approach to to treat lung infections. It is important to its identify applications, consider the factors affecting high dose powder delivery, and assess the effect of high dose drugs in patients. AREA COVERED Both current and pipeline high dose inhalers and their applications have been summarized. Challenges and opportunities to high dose delivery have been highlighted after reviewing formulation techniques in the context of factors affecting aerosolization, devices, and patient factors. EXPERT OPINION High dose inhaled delivery of antimicrobials is an innovative way to increase treatment efficacy of respiratory infections, tackle drug resistance, and the scarcity of new antimicrobials. The high dose inhaled technology also has potential for systemic action; however, innovations in formulation strategies and devices are required to realize its full potential. Advances in formulation strategies include the use of excipients or the engineering of particles to decrease the cohesive property of microparticles and their packing density. Similarly, selection of a synergistic drug instead of an excipient can be considered to increase aerosolization and stability. Device development focused on improving dispersion and loading capacity is also important, and modification of existing devices for high dose delivery can also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jack Dummer
- Department of Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Keith C Gordon
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Shyamal C Das
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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