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Rosenholm JM, Flaten GE, Teleki A. Virtual special issue of Nordic POP: Patient-oriented products. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 197:106737. [PMID: 38432548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Rosenholm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, BioCity (3rd fl.), Tykistökatu 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Gøril Eide Flaten
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsvegen 57, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Alexandra Teleki
- Department of Pharmacy, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Holzem FL, Petrig Schaffland J, Brandl M, Bauer-Brandl A, Stillhart C. Using molecularly dissolved drug concentrations in PBBMs improves the prediction of oral absorption from supersaturating formulations. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 194:106703. [PMID: 38224722 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Predicting the absorption of drugs from enabling formulations is still challenging due to the limited capabilities of standard physiologically based biopharmaceutics models (PBBMs) to capture complex absorption processes. Amongst others, it is often assumed that both, molecularly and apparently dissolved drug in the gastrointestinal lumen are prone to absorption. A recently introduced method for measuring concentrations of molecularly dissolved drug in a dynamic in vitro dissolution setup using microdialysis has opened new opportunities to test this hypothesis and refine mechanistic PBBM approaches. In the present study, we compared results of PBBMs that used either molecularly or apparently dissolved concentrations in the simulated gastrointestinal lumen as input parameters. The in vitro dissolution data from three supersaturating formulations of Posaconazole (PCZ) were used as model input. The modeling outcome was verified using PCZ concentration vs. time profiles measured in human intestinal aspirates and in the blood plasma. When using apparently dissolved drug concentrations (i.e., the sum of colloid-associated and molecularly dissolved drug) the simulated systemic plasma exposures were overpredicted, most pronouncedly with the ASD-based tablet. However, if the concentrations of molecularly dissolved drug were used as input values, the PBBM resulted in accurate prediction of systemic exposures for all three PCZ formulations. The present study impressively demonstrated the value of considering molecularly dissolved drug concentrations as input value for PBBMs of supersaturating drug formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentin Lukas Holzem
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark; Pharmaceutical R&D, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jeannine Petrig Schaffland
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development, Pre-Clinical CMC, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Brandl
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Annette Bauer-Brandl
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Cordula Stillhart
- Pharmaceutical R&D, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
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Tzanova MM, Nguyen L, Moretti F, Grassi M, Magnano GC, Voinovich D, Stein PC, Hiorth M, di Cagno MP. Interpreting permeability as a function of free drug fraction: The case studies of cyclodextrins and liposomes. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 189:106559. [PMID: 37544334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
In order to solubilize poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients, various strategies have been implemented over the years, including the use of nanocarriers, such as cyclodextrins and liposomes. However, improving a drug's apparent solubility does not always translate to enhanced bioavailability. This work aimed to investigate to which extent complexation with cyclodextrins and incorporation into liposomes influence drug in vitro permeability and to find a mechanistic description of the permeation process. For this purpose, we investigated hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and phosphatidylcholine liposomes formulations of three chemically diverse compounds (atenolol, ketoprofen and hydrocortisone). We studied drug diffusion of the formulations by UV-localized spectroscopy and advanced data fitting to extract parameters such as diffusivity and bound-/free drug fractions. We then correlated this information with in vitro drug permeability obtained with the novel PermeaPadⓇ barrier. The results showed that increased concentration of HP-β-CD leads to increased solubilization of the poorly soluble unionized ketoprofen, as well as hydrocortisone. However, this net increment of apparent solubility was not proportional to the increased flux measured. On the other hand, normalising the flux over the empirical free drug concentration, i.e., the free fraction, gave a meaningful absolute permeability coefficient. The results achieved for the liposomal formulation were consistent with the finding on cyclodextrins. In conclusion, we proved the adequacy and usefulness of our method for calculating free drug fractions in the examined enabling formulations, supporting the validity of the established drug diffusion/permeation theory that the unbounded drug fraction is the main driver for drug permeation across a membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina M Tzanova
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Sem Saelands vei 3, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lisa Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Sem Saelands vei 3, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Federica Moretti
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Alfonso Valerio, 6/1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Mario Grassi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Alfonso Valerio, 6/1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Greta Camilla Magnano
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Alfonso Valerio, 6/1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Dario Voinovich
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Alfonso Valerio, 6/1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Paul C Stein
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Marianne Hiorth
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Sem Saelands vei 3, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Massimiliano Pio di Cagno
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Sem Saelands vei 3, 0371 Oslo, Norway.
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