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Boyaci F, Akcay M, Hatem E, Yanik A, Gokdeniz T. Assessment of Arterial Stiffness with Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index in Patients with Mitral Annular Calcification. Eurasian J Med 2021; 53:90-95. [PMID: 34177289 DOI: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2021.19235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Arterial stiffness is related to arteriolosclerotic diseases and is a marker of adverse cardiovascular events. Mitral annular calcification (MAC) is progressive calcium deposition on the posterior and inferior mitral annulus and is associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) is a measurement technique used to estimate the degree of arterial stiffness without effect from blood pressure. The aim of this study is to research arterial stiffness using CAVI in patients with MAC. Materials and Methods The study was cross-sectional and observational and included 98 patients with MAC confirmed by echocardiography who referred to the cardiology clinics and met study inclusion criteria and 38 controls without MAC. CAVI measurements were obtained by using the Vascular Screening System VaSera VS-1000 (Fukuda Denshi, Tokyo, Japan) device. Results The two groups were similar in terms of demographic characteristics, including age, sex, hypertension, coronary artery disease, body surface area, and smoking (P > .05). Left atrial volume index was significantly higher in patients with MAC compared with the control group (P < .001). Right arm CAVI, left arm CAVI, and mean CAVI were significantly higher in the MAC group than the control group (P = .037, P = .005, and P = .014, respectively) and increased with MAC severity. There was a significant positive correlation between mean CAVI and MAC grade (r = 0.278, P = .001). Also, when ankle-brachial index (ABI) was measured with CAVI, left and right extremity ABI values were significantly lower in patients with MAC (P = .017 and P = .005, respectively). Conclusion CAVI increased in all patients with MAC and associated with increasing grade of calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faruk Boyaci
- Clinic of Cardiology, Health Sciences University, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Murat Akcay
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Engin Hatem
- Clinic of Cardiology, Mersin City Hospital, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Yanik
- Clinic of Cardiology, Health Sciences University, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Tayyar Gokdeniz
- Department of Cardiology, Medipol Mega Hospital, Medipol University, İstanbul, Turkey
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2
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Li H, Pan K, Meng Y, Deng J, Zhang P, Song W, Li S. Mutual promotions between periodontitis and vascular calcification by rat animal model. J Periodontal Res 2020; 55:810-820. [PMID: 32996601 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND BACKGROUND To study the relationship between periodontitis and vascular calcification by establishing rat model of chronic periodontitis and vascular calcification. METHODS Forty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups randomly: control group, periodontitis group, vascular calcification group, and compound periodontitis and calcification group. Each group rats accepted the corresponding manages to establish the animal model. Clinical examinations and hematoxylin and eosin staining of periodontal tissue were taken to test the periodontal model; calcium assay, alkaline phosphatase activity, expression of mineral-related factors including osteopontin, alkaline phosphatase, core-binding factor-α1 and bone sialoprotein, hematoxylin and eosin staining and von Kossa staining of vascular tissue were taken to test the vascular calcification model; inflammatory factors including C-reactive protein, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, prostaglandin E2, and serum lipid in serum were also detected at the same time. RESULTS The rat model was established. Inflammation of periodontal tissue and alveolar bone resorption in compound group and periodontitis group were more obvious than those in control group and vascular calcification group (P < .05). However, the calcium assay, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralized deposition in vascular calcification group and compound group were higher than those in control group and periodontitis group (P < .05), and compound group were the highest (P < .05); as for serum lipid, the level of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in compound group and vascular calcification group were higher than that in control group and periodontitis group (P < .05), and compound group was the highest (P <.05); but the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was higher in control group and periodontitis group. Inflammatory factors expression in serum were higher in compound group and periodontitis group, while mineral-related factors expression were higher in compoundgroup and vascular calcification group. CONCLUSION There are some mutual promotions between periodontitis and vascular calcification, which might be related to the increasing inflammatory factors, lipids level, and mineral-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixu Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Endodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Hospital of Stomatology, Nankai University, TianJin, China
| | - Keqing Pan
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yun Meng
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Stomatology, The Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Tianjin Dongli District, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Deng
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Pengmei Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Stomatology, The Huikang Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenbin Song
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
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Sun H, Zhang F, Xu Y, Sun S, Wang H, Du Q, Gu C, Black SM, Han Y, Tang H. Salusin-β Promotes Vascular Calcification via Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate/Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Klotho Downregulation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:1352-1370. [PMID: 31578871 PMCID: PMC6998059 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Vascular calcification (VC) is a hallmark feature of cardiovascular disease and a significant risk factor for morbidity and mortality. Salusin-β exerts cardiovascular regulating effects in hypertension, atherosclerosis, and diabetes. The present study was designed to examine the roles of salusin-β in the progression of VC and its downstream signaling mechanisms. Results: Salusin-β expression in both the aortas of VC rats induced by vitamin D3 and nicotine and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) incubated with calcifying media was increased. Salusin-β knockdown remarkably reduced VC, whereas overexpression of salusin-β exacerbated VC both in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of salusin-β promoted the VSMC osteochondrogenic transition, decreased Klotho protein levels, enhanced Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) activity and the translocation of p47phox to the membrane, increased the expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NAD(P)H] oxidase subunits and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with or without calcifying media; however, salusin-β deficiency played the opposite roles. The calcification and downregulated Klotho protein levels induced by salusin-β were restored by ROS scavenger N-acetyl-l-cysteine, diphenyleneiodonium chloride [an inhibitor of flavin-containing enzyme, including NAD(P)H oxidase], or gene knockdown of NAD(P)H oxidase (NOX)-2, p22phox, or p47phox but were not affected by NOX-1 and NOX-4 knockdown. Klotho knockdown attenuated the protective effect of salusin-β deficiency on VSMC calcification. By contrast, exogenous Klotho ameliorated the development of VC and ROS generation induced by salusin-β overexpression. Innovation: Salusin-β is a critical modulator in VC. Conclusion: Salusin-β regulates VC through activation of NAD(P)H/ROS-mediated Klotho downregulation, suggesting that salusin-β may be a novel target for treatment of VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiping Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qiong Du
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chenxin Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Stephen M Black
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ying Han
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiyang Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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4
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Millar SA, Zala I, Anderson SI, O'Sullivan SE. Osteocalcin does not influence acute or chronic inflammation in human vascular cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:3414-3424. [PMID: 31549398 PMCID: PMC6972510 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Some human observational studies have suggested an anti‐inflammatory role of osteocalcin (OCN). An inflammatory protocol using interferon‐γ and tumor necrosis factor‐α (10 ng/ml) was employed to examine the acute (24 hr) and chronic (144 hr) effects of uncarboxylated OCN (ucOCN) in commercial, primary, subcultured human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC), and human smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). The inflammatory protocol increased phosphorylation of intracellular signaling proteins (CREB, JNK, p38, ERK, AKT, STAT3, STAT5) and increased secretion of adhesion markers (vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1, intracellular adhesion molecule‐1, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1) and proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin‐6 [IL‐6], IL‐8). After acute inflammation, there were no additive or reductive effects of ucOCN in either cell type. Following chronic inflammation, ucOCN did not affect cell responses, nor did it appear to have any pro‐ or anti‐inflammatory effects when administered acutely or chronically on its own in either cell type. Additionally, ucOCN did not affect lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced acute inflammation in HAECs or HASMCs. The findings of this study do not support a causal role for OCN within the models of vascular inflammation chosen. Further confirmatory studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A Millar
- Division of Graduate Entry Medicine and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Ieva Zala
- Division of Graduate Entry Medicine and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Susan I Anderson
- Division of Graduate Entry Medicine and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Saoirse E O'Sullivan
- Division of Graduate Entry Medicine and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
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5
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Riad A, Narasimhulu CA, Deme P, Parthasarathy S. A Novel Mechanism for Atherosclerotic Calcification: Potential Resolution of the Oxidation Paradox. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:471-483. [PMID: 29237273 PMCID: PMC6034402 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM In this study, we tested the hypothesis that lipid peroxide-derived dicarboxylic acids (DCAs), by virtue of their ability to bind to calcium (Ca), might be involved in atherosclerotic calcification. We determined the ability of azelaic acid (AzA) to promote calcification in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs), identified AzA in human calcified atherosclerotic lesions, and compared its levels with control and noncalcified atherosclerotic lesions. RESULTS HASMCs efficiently converted 9-oxononanoic acid (ONA), a lipid peroxide-derived monocarboxylic aldehyde, to AzA. In vitro incubations of AzA micelles with HASMC resulted in the formation of Ca deposits, which contained AzA. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of human control uninvolved artery, noncalcified, and calcified lesions showed significant increase of AzA in calcified lesions compared with noncalcified and control tissues. Calcified mouse atherosclerotic lesions also showed substantial presence of AzA in Ca complexes. INNOVATION This study identifies a DCA, AzA, as an integral part of the Ca complex. The study also demonstrates the conversion of a lipid peroxidation product, ONA, as a potential source of AzA, and establishes the presence of AzA in calcified materials isolated from human and mouse lesions. CONCLUSION The presence of AzA as a Ca sequestering agent in atherosclerotic lesions (i) might indicate participation of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) derived products in calcification, (ii) explain the potential correlation between calcification and overall plaque burden (as Ox-LDL has been suggested to be involved in atherogenesis), (iii) could contribute to plaque stabilization via its anti-inflammatory actions, and (iv) might explain why antioxidants failed to affect atherosclerosis in clinical studies. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 471-483.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aladdin Riad
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida
| | | | - Pragney Deme
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida
| | - Sampath Parthasarathy
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida
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6
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Demiryurek BE, Gundogdu AA. Serum Fetuin-A Levels in Patients with Bilateral Basal Ganglia Calcification. Neurosci Lett 2017; 666:148-152. [PMID: 29288724 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The idiopathic basal ganglia calcification (Fahr syndrome) may occur due to senility. Fetuin-A is a negative acute phase reactant which inhibits calcium-phosphorus precipitation and vascular calcification. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether serum fetuin-A levels correlate with bilateral basal ganglia calcification. METHOD Forty-five patients who had bilateral basal ganglia calcification on brain CT were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and 45 age and gender-matched subjects without basal ganglia calcification were included for the control group. Serum fetuin-A levels were measured from venous blood samples. All participants were divided into two groups; with and without basal ganglia calcification. These groups were divided into subgroups regarding age (18-32 and 33-45 years of age) and gender (male, female). RESULTS We detected lower levels of serum fetuin-A in patients with basal ganglia calcification compared with the subjects without basal ganglia calcification. In all subgroups (female, male, 18-32 years and 33-45 years), mean fetuin-A levels were significantly lower in patients with basal ganglia calcification (p = 0.017, p = 0.014, p = 0.024, p = 0.026, p = 0.01 respectively). And statistically significantly lower levels of fetuin-A was found to be correlated with the increasing densities of calcification in the calcified basal ganglia group (p-value: <0.001). CONCLUSION Considering the role of fetuin-A in tissue calcification and inflammation, higher serum fetuin-A levels should be measured in patients with basal ganglia calcification. We believe that the measurement of serum fetuin-A may play a role in the prediction of basal ganglia calcification as a biomarker.
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7
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Aluganti Narasimhulu C, Fernandez-Ruiz I, Selvarajan K, Jiang X, Sengupta B, Riad A, Parthasarathy S. Atherosclerosis--do we know enough already to prevent it? Curr Opin Pharmacol 2016; 27:92-102. [PMID: 26974701 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we have briefly summarized the characteristics of lipids and lipoproteins and the atherosclerotic process. The development of atherosclerosis is a continuous process that involves numerous cellular and acellular processes that influence the behavior of each other. These include oxidative stress, lipoprotein modifications, macrophage polarization, macrophage lipid accumulation, generation of pro- and anti-inflammatory components, calcification, cellular growth and proliferation, and plaque rupture. The precise role(s) of many of these are unknown. Understanding the events at each particular stage might shed more light onto the process as a whole and could potentially reveal targets for intervention. Therapeutic modalities that work at one stage may have little to no influence on other stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene Fernandez-Ruiz
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, United States
| | - Krithika Selvarajan
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, United States
| | - Xeuting Jiang
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, United States
| | - Bhaswati Sengupta
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, United States
| | - Aladdin Riad
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, United States
| | - Sampath Parthasarathy
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, United States.
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8
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Target lesion calcification and risk of adverse outcomes in patients with drug-eluting stents. Herz 2015; 40:1097-106. [DOI: 10.1007/s00059-015-4324-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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9
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The Role of BMP Signaling and NF-κB Signaling on Osteoblastic Differentiation, Cancer Development, and Vascular Diseases—Is the Activation of NF-κB a Friend or Foe of BMP Function? BONE MORPHOGENIC PROTEIN 2015; 99:145-70. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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10
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Kageyama A, Matsui H, Ohta M, Sambuichi K, Kawano H, Notsu T, Imada K, Yokoyama T, Kurabayashi M. Palmitic acid induces osteoblastic differentiation in vascular smooth muscle cells through ACSL3 and NF-κB, novel targets of eicosapentaenoic acid. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68197. [PMID: 23840832 PMCID: PMC3695932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Free fatty acids (FFAs), elevated in metabolic syndrome and diabetes, play a crucial role in the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) counteracts many aspects of FFA-induced vascular pathology. Although vascular calcification is invariably associated with atherosclerosis, the mechanisms involved are not completely elucidated. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that EPA prevents the osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) induced by palmitic acid (PA), the most abundant long-chain saturated fatty acid in plasma. PA increased and EPA abolished the expression of the genes for bone-related proteins, including bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, Msx2 and osteopontin in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC). Among the long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (ACSL) subfamily, ACSL3 expression was predominant in HASMC, and PA robustly increased and EPA efficiently inhibited ACSL3 expression. Importantly, PA-induced osteoblastic differentiation was mediated, at least in part, by ACSL3 activation because acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) inhibitor or siRNA targeted to ACSL3 completely prevented the PA induction of both BMP-2 and Msx2. Conversely, adenovirus-mediated ACSL3 overexpression enhanced PA-induced BMP-2 and Msx2 expression. In addition, EPA, ACSL3 siRNA and ACS inhibitor attenuated calcium deposition and caspase activation induced by PA. Notably, PA induced activation of NF-κB, and NF-κB inhibitor prevented PA-induction of osteoblastic gene expression and calcium deposition. Immunohistochemistry revealed the prominent expression of ACSL3 in VSMC and macrophages in human non-calcifying and calcifying atherosclerotic plaques from the carotid arteries. These results identify ACSL3 and NF-κB as mediators of PA-induced osteoblastic differentiation and calcium deposition in VSMC and suggest that EPA prevents vascular calcification by inhibiting such a new molecular pathway elicited by PA.
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MESH Headings
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2/genetics
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2/metabolism
- Calcinosis/genetics
- Calcinosis/metabolism
- Calcinosis/pathology
- Calcium/metabolism
- Carotid Arteries/metabolism
- Carotid Arteries/pathology
- Caspases/genetics
- Caspases/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Coenzyme A Ligases/genetics
- Coenzyme A Ligases/metabolism
- Eicosapentaenoic Acid/genetics
- Eicosapentaenoic Acid/metabolism
- Gene Expression/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- NF-kappa B/genetics
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Osteoblasts/metabolism
- Osteoblasts/pathology
- Osteopontin/genetics
- Osteopontin/metabolism
- Palmitic Acid/metabolism
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/metabolism
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/pathology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiko Kageyama
- Development Research, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsui
- Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ohta
- Development Research, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sambuichi
- Development Research, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawano
- Development Research, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Tatsuto Notsu
- Development Research, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazunori Imada
- Development Research, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yokoyama
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kurabayashi
- Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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Guzel S, Seven A, Kocaoglu A, Ilk B, Guzel EC, Saracoglu GV, Celebi A. Osteoprotegerin, leptin and IL-6: association with silent myocardial ischemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2013; 10:25-31. [PMID: 22496403 DOI: 10.1177/1479164112440815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic patients often exhibit severe, asymptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD). The relationship between osteoprotegerin (OPG), inflammatory markers and silent myocardial ischemia remains to be elucidated. METHODS We recruited 45 type 2 diabetic patients and 33 healthy controls and assessed them for silent myocardial ischemia (SMI) by myocardial perfusion imaging. Patient blood was tested for OPG, IL-6 and leptin concentrations. RESULTS OPG, leptin and IL-6 levels were found significantly elevated in diabetic patients (p < 0.001, p < 0.01, p < 0.05). Based on our classification of presence/absence of SMI in our diabetic group, we found that there was a significant association between SMI and the biomarkers IL-6 (p < 0.001), leptin (p < 0.001) and OPG (p < 0.05). In multivariate regression analyses, OPG was found to be significantly related to diabetes mellitus and to SMI. Age, sex and smoking increased the association between OPG and SMI. CONCLUSION High OPG, leptin and IL-6 levels are associated with the presence and severity of SMI in type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savas Guzel
- Department of Biochemistry, Namik Kemal University, 100.YilMah. Barbaros Cad, no. 132, Tekirdag, Turkey.
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12
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Acar A, Cevik MU, Arıkanoglu A, Evliyaoglu O, Basarılı MK, Uzar E, Ekici F, Yucel Y, Tasdemir N. Serum levels of calcification inhibitors in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. Int J Neurosci 2012; 122:227-32. [PMID: 22115341 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2011.642039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The vascular calcification regulators and inflammatory markers including fetuin-A, osteopontin (OPN), and matrix Gla protein (MGP) may play an important role in the development of intracerebral hemorrhages (ICHs). So far, the relationship between these parameters and ICH has not been studied. Therefore, this study was designed to elucidate whether fetuin-A, MGP, and OPN are involved in the pathophysiology of ICH. The ICH group consisted of 27 consecutive patients with spontaneous ICH evaluated in the neurology intensive care unit within the first 24 hours from the onset of the stroke. The serum OPN levels were significantly increased in patients with ICH compared to the controls. On the other hand, the serum MGP and fetuin-A levels were significantly decreased in the patients with ICH in comparison to the controls. In the patients with ICH, the serum MGP levels of the nonsurvivors were statistically significantly lower than the MGP levels of the survivors. In conclusion, the change in serum fetuin-A, MGP, and OPN levels after ICH indicates that these parameters play a role in the pathophysiological processes leading to an ICH. Measurement of the serum MGP levels may also be of value to estimate mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Acar
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
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Deramchia K, Jacobin-Valat MJ, Vallet A, Bazin H, Santarelli X, Sanchez S, Dos Santos P, Franconi JM, Claverol S, Bonetto S, Clofent-Sanchez G. In vivo phage display to identify new human antibody fragments homing to atherosclerotic endothelial and subendothelial tissues [corrected]. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 180:2576-89. [PMID: 22521648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In vivo phage display selection is a powerful strategy for directly identifying agents that target the vasculature of normal or diseased tissues in living animals. We describe here a new in vivo biopanning strategy in which a human phage single-chain antibody (scFv) library was injected into high-fat diet-fed ApoE(-/-) mice. Extracellular and internalized phage scFvs were selectively recovered from atherosclerotic vascular endothelium and subjacent tissues. After three successive biopanning rounds, a panel of six clones with distinct gene sequences was isolated. Four scFvs produced and purified in soluble form were shown to interact in vitro with a rabbit atheromatous protein extract by time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer and to target the endothelial cell surface and inflamed intima-related regions of rabbit and human tissue sections ex vivo. These new scFvs selected in a mouse model recognized both rabbit and human tissue, underlying the interspecies similarities of the recognized epitopes. By combining immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, one of the selected scFvs was shown to recognize carbonic anhydrase II, an up-regulated enzyme involved in resorption of ectopic calcification. These results show that in vivo biopanning selection in hypercholesterolemic animals makes it possible to identify both scFvs homing to atherosclerotic endothelial and subendothelial tissues, and lesion-associated biomarkers. Such scFvs offer promising opportunities in the field of molecular targeting for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamel Deramchia
- Magnetic Resonance Center of Biological Systems, UMR 5536, National Center for Scientific Research, Bordeaux Segalen University, Bordeaux, France
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Lee HT, Shin J, Lim YH, Kim BK, Kim YT, Lee JU, Hong S, Song SY, Cho SH. The relationship between coronary artery calcification and bone mineral density in patients according to their metabolic syndrome status. Korean Circ J 2011; 41:76-82. [PMID: 21430992 PMCID: PMC3053564 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2011.41.2.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives The extent of coronary artery calcification (CAC) is closely related to total atherosclerotic plaque burden. However, the pathogenesis of CAC is still unclear. Conditions such as diabetes mellitus, renal failure, smoking, and chronic inflammation have been suggested to link vascular calcification and bone loss. In the present study, we hypothesized that bone loss can contribute to the pathogenesis of CAC in patients with the chronic inflammatory condition that accompanies metabolic syndrome (MetS). The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between CAC and bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with MetS and in patients without MetS, by using coronary multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT). Subjects and Methods Data from 395 consecutive patients was analyzed retrospectively. From the MDCT database, only those patients who underwent both coronary MDCT and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry within an interval of one month, were selected. The presence of MetS was determined by the updated criteria as defined by the Third Adult Treatment Panel Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program. Results In patients with MetS, a significant correlation was found between CAC and age {odds ratio (OR)=1.139, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.080 to 1.201, p<0.001}, CAC and male sex (OR=3.762, 95% CI 1.339 to 10.569, p=0.012), and CAC and T-score of L-spine (OR=0.740, 95% CI 0.550 to 0.996, p=0.047) using a forward multiple logistic regression analysis model including clinical variables of gender, age, lipid profile, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, and BMD. But in patients without MetS, BMD by itself was not found to contribute to CAC. Conclusion BMD was inversely correlated with CAC only in patients with MetS. This finding suggests that low BMD accompanied by MetS, may have significant clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Tak Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Parthasarathy S, Litvinov D, Selvarajan K, Garelnabi M. Lipid peroxidation and decomposition--conflicting roles in plaque vulnerability and stability. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2008; 1781:221-31. [PMID: 18406361 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2008.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Revised: 02/19/2008] [Accepted: 03/12/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation hypothesis has generated considerable interest in oxidative stress and how it might affect atherosclerosis. However, the failure of antioxidants, particularly vitamin E, to affect the progression of the disease in humans has convinced even staunch supporters of the hypothesis to take a step backwards and reconsider alternatives. Preponderant evidence for the hypothesis came from animal antioxidant intervention studies. In this review we point out basic differences between animal and human atherosclerosis development and suggest that human disease starts where animal studies end. While initial oxidative steps in the generation of early fatty streak lesions might be common, the differences might be in the steps involved in the decomposition of peroxidized lipids into aldehydes and their further oxidation into carboxylic acids. We suggest that these steps may not be amenable to attenuation by antioxidants and antioxidants might actually counter the stabilization of plaque by preventing the formation of carboxylic acids which are anti-inflammatory in nature. The formation of such dicarboxylic acids may also be conducive to plaque stabilization by trapping calcium. We suggest that agents that would prevent the decomposition of lipid peroxides and promote the formation and removal of lipid hydroxides, such as paraoxonase (PON 1) or apo A1/high density lipoprotein (HDL) might be more conducive to plaque regression.
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Szulc P, Kiel DP, Delmas PD. Calcifications in the abdominal aorta predict fractures in men: MINOS study. J Bone Miner Res 2008; 23:95-102. [PMID: 17892380 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.070903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In a cohort of 781 men >or=50 yr of age followed up for 10 yr, extended calcifications in the abdominal aorta were associated with a 2- to 3-fold increase in the risk of osteoporotic fractures regardless of BMD and falls. INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular disease and osteoporotic fractures are public health problems that frequently coexist. MATERIALS AND METHODS We assessed the relation of the severity of aortic calcifications with BMD and the risk of fracture in 781 men >or=50 yr of age. During a 10-year follow-up, 66 men sustained incident clinical fractures. Calcifications in the abdominal aorta expressed as an aortic calcification score (ACS) were assessed by a semiquantitative method. BMD was measured at the lumbar spine, hip, whole body, and distal forearm. RESULTS ACS > 2 was associated with a 2-fold increase in the mortality risk after adjustment for age, weight, smoking, comorbidity, and medications. After adjustment for age, body mass index (BMI), smoking, and comorbidity, men in the highest quartile of ACS (>6) had lower BMD of distal forearm, ultradistal radius, and whole body than men in the lower quartiles. Log-transformed ACS predicted fractures when adjusted for age, BMI, age by BMI interaction, prevalent fractures, BMD, and history of two or more falls (e.g., hip BMD; OR = 1.44; p < 0.02). ACS, BMD at all the skeletal sites, and history of two or more falls were independent predictors of fracture. Men with ACS > 6 had a 2- to 3-fold increased risk of fracture after adjustment for confounding variables (OR = 2.54-3.04; p < 0.005-0.001 according to the site). CONCLUSIONS This long-term prospective study showed that elevated ACS (>6) is a robust and independent risk factor for incident fracture in older men regardless of age, BMI, BMD, prevalent fractures, history of two or more falls, comorbidities, and medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Szulc
- INSERM Research Unit 831 and University of Lyon, Lyon, France.
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Li JJ, Zhu CG, Yu B, Liu YX, Yu MY. The role of inflammation in coronary artery calcification. Ageing Res Rev 2007; 6:263-70. [PMID: 17964226 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2007.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2007] [Revised: 09/07/2007] [Accepted: 09/10/2007] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vascular calcification is an age-dependent, common finding in human coronary arteries and begins as early as the second decade of life, just after fatty streak formation. Previous studies have showed that the severity of coronary calcification is closely related to atherosclerotic plaque burden and cardiac event rate. In the past few decades, coronary calcification has been considered passive and degenerative. With recent clinical and basic research, however, there is increasing recognition that coronary calcification is an active, regulated process. Current diagnostic methods for coronary artery calcification (CAC) are usually traditional coronary angiography, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), electron beam computed tomography (EBCT) and multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) while treatment for patients with calcified coronary arteries is troublesome. Several lines of evidence suggest that inflammation plays a major role in the development of atherosclerosis as well as its clinical manifestations. Recent study showed that inflammatory process might be also involved in coronary calcification. Accordingly, measurements of inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) may in part reflect indices of atherosclerosis, such as coronary calcification, and are likely to provide distinct information regarding cardiovascular risk. In this article, we review the current evidence of relationship between coronary calcification and inflammation for purpose of drawing the more attention on the inflammatory mechanism of coronary calcification, which may change our research as well as therapeutic strategies for coronary calcification in the future.
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