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Koch EAT, Heppt MV, Berking C. The Current State of Systemic Therapy of Metastatic Uveal Melanoma. Am J Clin Dermatol 2024:10.1007/s40257-024-00872-1. [PMID: 38907174 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-024-00872-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is genetically a distinct tumor compared to cutaneous melanoma (CM), and due to its low mutational burden, it is far less perceptible to the immune system. Thus, treatments that have revolutionized the treatment of CM remain widely inefficient in metastatic UM or only demonstrate effectiveness in a small subpopulation of patients. To this end, the therapeutic benefit of immune checkpoint blockade is very limited and may come at the expense of severe immune-related adverse events that could potentially affect all organ systems. Notably, tebentafusp, an entirely novel class of anti-cancer drugs, has received official authorization for the treatment of metastatic UM. It is the first agent that demonstrated a survival advantage in a randomized controlled trial of metastatic UM patients. Despite the survival benefit and approval, the restriction of tebentafusp to HLA-A*02:01-positive patients and the low objective response rate indicate the persistent need for additional therapies. Thus, liver-directed therapies are commonly used for tumor control of hepatic metastases and represent a central pillar of the daily management of liver-dominant disease. Further, promising data from targeted therapies independent of MEK-inhibitors, such as the combination of darovasertib and crizotinib, raise hope for additional options in metastatic UM in the future. This narrative review provides a timely and comprehensive overview of the current treatment landscape for metastatic UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias A T Koch
- Department of Dermatology, Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), CCC Erlangen-EMN, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus V Heppt
- Department of Dermatology, Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), CCC Erlangen-EMN, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carola Berking
- Department of Dermatology, Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), CCC Erlangen-EMN, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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2
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Koch EAT, Petzold A, Dippel E, Erdmann M, Gesierich A, Gutzmer R, Hassel JC, Haferkamp S, Kähler KC, Kreuzberg N, Leiter U, Loquai C, Meier F, Meissner M, Mohr P, Pföhler C, Rahimi F, Schell B, Terheyden P, Thoms KM, Ugurel S, Ulrich J, Utikal J, Weichenthal M, Ziller F, Berking C, Heppt MV. Optimizing immune checkpoint blockade in metastatic uveal melanoma: exploring the association of overall survival and the occurrence of adverse events. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1395225. [PMID: 38915414 PMCID: PMC11194381 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1395225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite recent advancements in the treatment of metastatic uveal melanoma (UM), the availability of further treatment options remains limited and the prognosis continues to be poor in many cases. In addition to tebentafusp, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB, PD-1 (+/-) CTLA-4 antibodies) is commonly used for metastatic UM, in particular in HLA-A 02:01-negative patients. However, ICB comes at the cost of potentially severe immune-related adverse events (irAE). Thus, the selection of patient groups that are more likely to benefit from ICB is desirable. Methods In this analysis, 194 patients with metastatic UM undergoing ICB were included. Patients were recruited from German skin cancer sites and the ADOReg registry. To investigate the association of irAE occurrence with treatment response, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) two cohorts were compared: patients without irAE or grade 1/2 irAE (n=137) and patients with grade 3/4 irAE (n=57). Results In the entire population, the median OS was 16.4 months, and the median PFS was 2.8 months. Patients with grade 3/4 irAE showed more favorable survival than patients without or grade 1/2 irAE (p=0.0071). IrAE occurred in 44.7% (87/194), and severe irAE in 29.4% (57/194) of patients. Interestingly, irColitis and irHepatitis were significantly associated with longer OS (p=0.0031 and p=0.011, respectively). Conclusions This data may indicate an association between irAE and favorable survival outcomes in patients with metastatic UM undergoing ICB treatment and suggests that a reduced tolerance to tumor antigens could be linked to reduced tolerance to self-antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias A. T. Koch
- Department of Dermatology, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anne Petzold
- Department of Dermatology, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Edgar Dippel
- Department of Dermatology, Ludwigshafen Medical Center, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Michael Erdmann
- Department of Dermatology, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Gesierich
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Gutzmer
- Skin Cancer Center Minden, Department of Dermatology, Mühlenkreiskliniken AöR, Ruhr University Bochum Campus Minden, Minden, Germany
| | - Jessica C. Hassel
- Department of Dermatology and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), NCT Heidelberg, a partnership between DKFZ and University Hospital Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Haferkamp
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katharina C. Kähler
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nicole Kreuzberg
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Skin Cancer Center at the Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO) Köln Bonn, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulrike Leiter
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Dermatooncology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carmen Loquai
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Klinikum Bremen-Ost, Bremen, Germany
| | - Friedegund Meier
- Skin Cancer Center at the University Cancer Centre Dresden and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Markus Meissner
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter Mohr
- Department of Dermatology, Elbeklinikum, Buxtehude, Germany
| | - Claudia Pföhler
- Department of Dermatology, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Germany
| | - Farnaz Rahimi
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Munich University Hospital (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Beatrice Schell
- Department of Dermatology, SRH Wald-Klinikum Gera, Gera, Germany
| | | | - Kai-Martin Thoms
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Selma Ugurel
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jens Ulrich
- Department of Dermatology, Harzklinikum Dorothea Christiane Erxleben, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Utikal
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- DKFZ Hector Cancer Institute at the University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Weichenthal
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Fabian Ziller
- Department of Dermatology, DRK Krankenhaus Rabenstein, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Carola Berking
- Department of Dermatology, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus V. Heppt
- Department of Dermatology, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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Bak S, Kim KS, Na K. Human adipose-derived stem cells genetically programmed to induce necroptosis for cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Gene Ther 2024:10.1038/s41417-024-00794-4. [PMID: 38858535 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-024-00794-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we present human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) inserted with the receptor-interacting protein kinase-3 (RIP3) gene (RP@ADSCs), which induces cell necroptosis, for tumor immunotherapy. Necroptosis has characteristics of both apoptosis, such as programmed cell death, and necrosis, such as swelling and plasma membrane rupture, during which damage-related molecular patterns are released, triggering an immune response. Therefore, necroptosis has the potential to be used as an effective anticancer immunotherapy. RP@ADSCs were programmed to necroptosis after a particular time after being injected in vivo, and various pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted during the stem cell death process stimulated the immune system, showing local and sustained anticancer effects. It was confirmed that RIP3 protein expression increased in ADSCs after RP transfection. RP@ADSCs continued to induce ADSCs death for 7 days, and various pro-inflammatory cytokines were secreted through ADSCs death. The efficacy of RP@ADSCs-mediated immunotherapy was evaluated in mouse models bearing GL-26 (glioblastoma) and K1735 (melanoma), and it was found that RP resulted in an increase in the population of long-term cytotoxic T cells and a decrease in the population of regulatory T cells. This shows that RP@ADSCs have potential and applicability as an excellent anticancer immunotherapy agent in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Bak
- Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Sub Kim
- Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun Na
- Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Hu X. The role of the BTLA-HVEM complex in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Breast Cancer 2024; 31:358-370. [PMID: 38483699 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-024-01557-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is widely recognized as a prevalent contributor to cancer mortality and ranks as the second most prevalent form of cancer among women across the globe. Hence, the development of innovative therapeutic strategies is imperative to effectively manage BC. The B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA)-Herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) complex has garnered significant scientific interest as a crucial regulator in various immune contexts. The interaction between BTLA-HVEM ligand on the surface of T cells results in reduced cellular activation, cytokine synthesis, and proliferation. The BTLA-HVEM complex has been investigated in various cancers, yet its specific mechanisms in BC remain indeterminate. In this study, we aim to examine the function of BTLA-HVEM and provide a comprehensive overview of the existing evidence in relation to BC. The obstruction or augmentation of these pathways may potentially enhance the efficacy of BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Hu
- College of Health Industry, Changchun University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Changchun, 130000, China.
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5
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Wang J, Li Z, Yin H. The Future of Checkpoint Inhibitors in Uveal Melanoma: A Narrative Review. Ophthalmol Ther 2024; 13:1103-1123. [PMID: 38498280 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-024-00913-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immune checkpoint inhibitors have made tremendous progress over the last decade in the treatment of cutaneous melanoma, but their application in uveal melanoma treatment is less successful, owing in part to the immunological privilege of the eye and the liver, the most frequent site of metastasis. Nevertheless, the therapeutic outcomes reported currently are less pessimistic. METHODS In this review, we provide an overview of recent studies of immune checkpoint inhibitors in uveal melanoma and its metastasis and classify studies in this field into three groups: monotherapy of immune checkpoint inhibitors, dual-agent immune checkpoint inhibitors, and immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with other systemic or regional therapies. RESULTS Briefly, monotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors performed poorly. Dual-agent immune checkpoint inhibitors had slightly better outcomes than traditional treatments, especially in specific patient populations. As for the combination therapy, the combination with other systemic therapies did not show superiority over dual-agent immune checkpoint inhibitors, but combination with hepatic regional therapies was quite promising. Moreover, research on emerging checkpoints is currently limited to the stage of mechanistic studies. CONCLUSION We propose that immune checkpoint inhibitors remain alternative treatments for patients with uveal melanoma, but factors such as cost-effectiveness should also be taken into account. The combination therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors deserves to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Wang
- West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zehua Li
- West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang J, Joshua AM, Li Y, O'Meara CH, Morris MJ, Khachigian LM. Targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and small molecules and peptidomimetics as emerging immunoregulatory agents for melanoma. Cancer Lett 2024; 586:216633. [PMID: 38281663 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Primary cutaneous melanoma is the most lethal of all skin neoplasms and its incidence is increasing. Clinical management of advanced melanoma in the last decade has been revolutionised by the availability of immunotherapies and targeted therapies, used alone and in combination. This article summarizes advances in the treatment of late-stage melanoma including use of protein kinase inhibitors, antibody-based immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive immunotherapy, vaccines and more recently, small molecules and peptidomimetics as emerging immunoregulatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Zhang
- Vascular Biology and Translational Research, Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anthony M Joshua
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yue Li
- Vascular Biology and Translational Research, Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Connor H O'Meara
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, ANU Medical School and Canberra Health Services, Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Margaret J Morris
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Levon M Khachigian
- Vascular Biology and Translational Research, Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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Ji Y, Li C, Wan S, Zhang K, Liu Y, Shi S. Comprehensive pan-cancer analysis reveals SIRT5 is a predictive biomarker for prognosis and immunotherapy response. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:60. [PMID: 38499806 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01338-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) is a promising therapeutic target involved in regulating multiple metabolic pathways in cells and organisms. The role of SIRT5 in cancer is currently unclear, and a comprehensive systematic pan-cancer analysis is required to explore its value in diagnosis, prognosis, and immune function. METHODS We investigated the role of SIRT5 in tumorigenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, metabolic pathways, the immune microenvironment, and pan-cancer therapeutic response. Moreover, we explored chemicals affecting the expression of SIRT5 and computed the relationship between SIRT5 and drug sensitivity. Finally, the role of SIRT5 in melanoma was analyzed using a series of experiments in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We found that SIRT5 is differentially expressed and shows early diagnostic value in various tumors and that somatic cell copy number alterations and DNA methylation contribute to its aberrant expression. SIRT5 expression correlates with clinical features. Besides, it is negatively (positively) correlated with several metabolic pathways and positively (negatively) correlated with several important metastasis-related and immune-related pathways. High SIRT5 expression predicts poor (or good) prognosis in various tumors and can affect drug sensitivity. We also demonstrated that SIRT5 expression significantly correlates with immunomodulator-associated molecules, lymphocyte subpopulation infiltration, and immunotherapeutic response biomarkers. In addition, we showed that SIRT5 is differentially expressed in immunotherapy cohorts. In addition, we explored various chemicals that may affect SIRT5 expression. In conclusion, we demonstrated that SIRT5 is a key pathogenic gene that promotes melanoma progression. CONCLUSION Our study provides a systematic analysis of SIRT5 and its regulatory genes. SIRT5 has excellent diagnostic and prognostic capabilities for many cancers. This may remodel the tumor microenvironment. The potential of SIRT5-based cancer therapies is emphasized and helps predict the response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacong Ji
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050051, China
| | - Chongyang Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sicheng Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Kui Zhang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050051, China.
| | - Shaomin Shi
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050051, China.
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Li C, Wang Z, Yao L, Lin X, Jian Y, Li Y, Zhang J, Shao J, Tran PD, Hagman JR, Cao M, Cong Y, Li HY, Goding CR, Xu ZX, Liao X, Miao X, Cui R. Mi-2β promotes immune evasion in melanoma by activating EZH2 methylation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2163. [PMID: 38461299 PMCID: PMC10924921 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46422-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent development of new immune checkpoint inhibitors has been particularly successfully in cancer treatment, but still the majority patients fail to benefit. Converting resistant tumors to immunotherapy sensitive will provide a significant improvement in patient outcome. Here we identify Mi-2β as a key melanoma-intrinsic effector regulating the adaptive anti-tumor immune response. Studies in genetically engineered mouse melanoma models indicate that loss of Mi-2β rescues the immune response to immunotherapy in vivo. Mechanistically, ATAC-seq analysis shows that Mi-2β controls the accessibility of IFN-γ-stimulated genes (ISGs). Mi-2β binds to EZH2 and promotes K510 methylation of EZH2, subsequently activating the trimethylation of H3K27 to inhibit the transcription of ISGs. Finally, we develop an Mi-2β-targeted inhibitor, Z36-MP5, which reduces Mi-2β ATPase activity and reactivates ISG transcription. Consequently, Z36-MP5 induces a response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in otherwise resistant melanoma models. Our work provides a potential therapeutic strategy to convert immunotherapy resistant melanomas to sensitive ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cang Li
- Skin Disease Research Institute, The 2nd Hospital and School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Research Center for Life Science and Human Health, Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Zhengyu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Science, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Licheng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xingyu Lin
- Zhuhai Yu Fan Biotechnologies Co. Ltd, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 51900, China
| | - Yongping Jian
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Yujia Li
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingwei Shao
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Phuc D Tran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Science, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - James R Hagman
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - Meng Cao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yusheng Cong
- Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hong-Yu Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Science, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
| | - Colin R Goding
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | - Zhi-Xiang Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China.
| | - Xuebin Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Xiao Miao
- Department of Dermatology, Shuguang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China.
- The MOE Basic Research and Innovation Center for the Targeted Therapeutics of Solid Tumors, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Rutao Cui
- Skin Disease Research Institute, The 2nd Hospital and School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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9
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Zhu W, Wei T, Xu Y, Jin Q, Chao Y, Lu J, Xu J, Zhu J, Yan X, Chen M, Chen Q, Liu Z. Non-invasive transdermal delivery of biomacromolecules with fluorocarbon-modified chitosan for melanoma immunotherapy and viral vaccines. Nat Commun 2024; 15:820. [PMID: 38280876 PMCID: PMC10821906 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45158-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery has been regarded as an alternative to oral delivery and subcutaneous injection. However, needleless transdermal delivery of biomacromolecules remains a challenge. Herein, a transdermal delivery platform based on biocompatible fluorocarbon modified chitosan (FCS) is developed to achieve highly efficient non-invasive delivery of biomacromolecules including antibodies and antigens. The formed nanocomplexes exhibits effective transdermal penetration ability via both intercellular and transappendageal routes. Non-invasive transdermal delivery of immune checkpoint blockade antibodies induces stronger immune responses for melanoma in female mice and reduces systemic toxicity compared to intravenous injection. Moreover, transdermal delivery of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in female mice results in comparable humoral immunity as well as improved cellular immunity and immune memory compared to that achieved with subcutaneous vaccine injection. Additionally, FCS-based protein delivery systems demonstrate transdermal ability for rabbit and porcine skins. Thus, FCS-based transdermal delivery systems may provide a compelling opportunity to overcome the skin barrier for efficient transdermal delivery of bio-therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ting Wei
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Suzhou InnoBM Pharmaceutics Co. Ltd., Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215213, China
| | - Yuchun Xu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qiutong Jin
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Suzhou InnoBM Pharmaceutics Co. Ltd., Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215213, China
| | - Yu Chao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jiaqi Lu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Suzhou InnoBM Pharmaceutics Co. Ltd., Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215213, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jiafei Zhu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiaoying Yan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Muchao Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
- Suzhou InnoBM Pharmaceutics Co. Ltd., Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215213, China.
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10
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Koch EAT, Petzold A, Wessely A, Dippel E, Eckstein M, Gesierich A, Gutzmer R, Hassel JC, Knorr H, Kreuzberg N, Leiter U, Loquai C, Meier F, Meissner M, Mohr P, Pföhler C, Rahimi F, Schadendorf D, Schlaak M, Thoms KM, Ugurel S, Utikal J, Weichenthal M, Schuler-Thurner B, Berking C, Heppt MV. Liver-directed treatment is associated with improved survival and increased response to immune checkpoint blockade in metastatic uveal melanoma: results from a retrospective multicenter trial. Front Med 2023; 17:878-888. [PMID: 37432641 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-0993-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Metastases of uveal melanoma (UM) spread predominantly to the liver. Due to low response rates to systemic therapies, liver-directed therapies (LDT) are commonly used for tumor control. The impact of LDT on the response to systemic treatment is unknown. A total of 182 patients with metastatic UM treated with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) were included in this analysis. Patients were recruited from prospective skin cancer centers and the German national skin cancer registry (ADOReg) of the German Dermatologic Cooperative Oncology Group (DeCOG). Two cohorts were compared: patients with LDT (cohort A, n = 78) versus those without LDT (cohort B, n = 104). Data were analyzed for response to treatment, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). The median OS was significantly longer in cohort A than in cohort B (20.1 vs. 13.8 months; P = 0.0016) and a trend towards improved PFS was observed for cohort A (3.0 vs. 2.5 months; P = 0.054). The objective response rate to any ICB (16.7% vs. 3.8%, P = 0.0073) and combined ICB (14.1% vs. 4.5%, P = 0.017) was more favorable in cohort A. Our data suggest that the combination of LDT with ICB may be associated with a survival benefit and higher treatment response to ICB in patients with metastatic UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias A T Koch
- Department of Dermatology, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Uniklinikum Erlangen, Östliche Stadtmauerstraße 30, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anne Petzold
- Department of Dermatology, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Uniklinikum Erlangen, Östliche Stadtmauerstraße 30, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Wessely
- Department of Dermatology, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Uniklinikum Erlangen, Östliche Stadtmauerstraße 30, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Edgar Dippel
- Department of Dermatology, Ludwigshafen Medical Center, 67059, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Markus Eckstein
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Uniklinikum Erlangen, Östliche Stadtmauerstraße 30, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Gesierich
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Gutzmer
- Skin Cancer Center Minden, Department of Dermatology, Mühlenkreiskliniken AöR, Ruhr University, Bochum Campus Minden, 32423, Minden, Germany
| | - Jessica C Hassel
- Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Harald Knorr
- Department of Ophthalmology, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicole Kreuzberg
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Skin Cancer Center at the Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO) Köln Bonn, University Hospital of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulrike Leiter
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Dermatooncology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72056, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carmen Loquai
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Friedegund Meier
- Skin Cancer Center at the University Cancer Center Dresden and National Center for Tumor Diseases & Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Markus Meissner
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Goethe University, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter Mohr
- Department of Dermatology, Elbeklinikum, 21614, Buxtehude, Germany
| | - Claudia Pföhler
- Department of Dermatology, Saarland University Medical School, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Farnaz Rahimi
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Munich University Hospital (LMU), 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site, Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany, 45147
| | - Max Schlaak
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai-Martin Thoms
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Selma Ugurel
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site, Essen/Düsseldorf, Germany, 45147
| | - Jochen Utikal
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, and DKFZ Hector Cancer Institute at the University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Weichenthal
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Beatrice Schuler-Thurner
- Department of Dermatology, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Uniklinikum Erlangen, Östliche Stadtmauerstraße 30, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carola Berking
- Department of Dermatology, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Uniklinikum Erlangen, Östliche Stadtmauerstraße 30, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus V Heppt
- Department of Dermatology, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Uniklinikum Erlangen, Östliche Stadtmauerstraße 30, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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11
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Haist M, Stege H, Kuske M, Bauer J, Klumpp A, Grabbe S, Bros M. Combination of immune-checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies for melanoma therapy: The more, the better? Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:481-505. [PMID: 37022618 PMCID: PMC10348973 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10097-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
The approval of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) and mitogen activated protein kinase inhibitors (MAPKi) in recent years significantly improved the treatment management and survival of patients with advanced malignant melanoma. CPI aim to counter-act receptor-mediated inhibitory effects of tumor cells and immunomodulatory cell types on effector T cells, whereas MAPKi are intended to inhibit tumor cell survival. In agreement with these complementary modes of action preclinical data indicated that the combined application of CPI and MAPKi or their optimal sequencing might provide additional clinical benefit. In this review the rationale and preclinical evidence that support the combined application of MAPKi and CPI either in concurrent or consecutive regimens are presented. Further, we will discuss the results from clinical trials investigating the sequential or combined application of MAPKi and CPI for advanced melanoma patients and their implications for clinical practice. Finally, we outline mechanisms of MAPKi and CPI cross-resistance which limit the efficacy of currently available treatments, as well as combination regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Haist
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Henner Stege
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Kuske
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julia Bauer
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Annika Klumpp
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephan Grabbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
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12
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Bianconi A, Palmieri G, Aruta G, Monticelli M, Zeppa P, Tartara F, Melcarne A, Garbossa D, Cofano F. Updates in Glioblastoma Immunotherapy: An Overview of the Current Clinical and Translational Scenario. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1520. [PMID: 37371615 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive central nervous system tumor, requiring multimodal management. Due to its malignant behavior and infiltrative growth pattern, GBM is one of the most difficult tumors to treat and gross total resection is still considered to be the first crucial step. The deep understanding of GBM microenvironment and the possibility of manipulating the patient's innate and adaptive immune system to fight the neoplasm represent the base of immunotherapeutic strategies that currently express the future for the fight against GBM. Despite the immunotherapeutic approach having been successfully adopted in several solid and haematologic neoplasms, immune resistance and the immunosuppressive environment make the use of these strategies challenging in GBM treatment. We describe the most recent updates regarding new therapeutic strategies that target the immune system, immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy, peptide and oncolytic vaccines, and the relevant mechanism of immune resistance. However, no significant results have yet been obtained in studies targeting single molecules/pathways. The future direction of GBM therapy will include a combined approach that, in contrast to the inescapable current treatment modality of maximal resection followed by chemo- and radiotherapy, may combine a multifaceted immunotherapy treatment with the dual goals of directly killing tumor cells and activating the innate and adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bianconi
- Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | | | - Gelsomina Aruta
- Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Monticelli
- UOC Neurochirurgia, Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale e per la Romagna, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pietro Zeppa
- Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Fulvio Tartara
- Headache Science and Neurorehabilitation Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Melcarne
- Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Diego Garbossa
- Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Fabio Cofano
- Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Humanitas Gradenigo, 10100 Turin, Italy
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13
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Rahimi A, Esmaeili Y, Dana N, Dabiri A, Rahimmanesh I, Jandaghain S, Vaseghi G, Shariati L, Zarrabi A, Javanmard SH, Cordani M. A comprehensive review on novel targeted therapy methods and nanotechnology-based gene delivery systems in melanoma. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023:106476. [PMID: 37236377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma, a malignant form of skin cancer, has been swiftly increasing in recent years. Although there have been significant advancements in clinical treatment underlying a well-understanding of melanoma-susceptible genes and the molecular basis of melanoma pathogenesis, the permanency of response to therapy is frequently constrained by the emergence of acquired resistance and systemic toxicity. Conventional therapies, including surgical resection, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, have already been used to treat melanoma and are dependent on the cancer stage. Nevertheless, ineffective side effects and the heterogeneity of tumors pose major obstacles to the therapeutic treatment of malignant melanoma through such strategies. In light of this, advanced therapies including nucleic acid therapies (ncRNA, aptamers), suicide gene therapies, and gene therapy using tumor suppressor genes, have lately gained immense attention in the field of cancer treatment. Furthermore, nanomedicine and targeted therapy based on gene editing tools have been applied to the treatment of melanoma as potential cancer treatment approaches nowadays. Indeed, nanovectors enable delivery of the therapeutic agents into the tumor sites by passive or active targeting, improving therapeutic efficiency and minimizing adverse effects. Accordingly, in this review, we summarized the recent findings related to novel targeted therapy methods as well as nanotechnology-based gene systems in melanoma. We also discussed current issues along with potential directions for future research, paving the way for the next-generation of melanoma treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Rahimi
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Yasaman Esmaeili
- Biosensor Research Center, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Nasim Dana
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arezou Dabiri
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ilnaz Rahimmanesh
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Setareh Jandaghain
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Golnaz Vaseghi
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8158388994, Iran
| | - Laleh Shariati
- Department of Biomaterials, Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul 34396, Turkey
| | - Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Marco Cordani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Osher N, Kang J, Krishnan S, Rao A, Baladandayuthapani V. SPARTIN: a Bayesian method for the quantification and characterization of cell type interactions in spatial pathology data. Front Genet 2023; 14:1175603. [PMID: 37274781 PMCID: PMC10232864 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1175603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The acquisition of high-resolution digital pathology imaging data has sparked the development of methods to extract context-specific features from such complex data. In the context of cancer, this has led to increased exploration of the tumor microenvironment with respect to the presence and spatial composition of immune cells. Spatial statistical modeling of the immune microenvironment may yield insights into the role played by the immune system in the natural development of cancer as well as downstream therapeutic interventions. Methods: In this paper, we present SPatial Analysis of paRtitioned Tumor-Immune imagiNg (SPARTIN), a Bayesian method for the spatial quantification of immune cell infiltration from pathology images. SPARTIN uses Bayesian point processes to characterize a novel measure of local tumor-immune cell interaction, Cell Type Interaction Probability (CTIP). CTIP allows rigorous incorporation of uncertainty and is highly interpretable, both within and across biopsies, and can be used to assess associations with genomic and clinical features. Results: Through simulations, we show SPARTIN can accurately distinguish various patterns of cellular interactions as compared to existing methods. Using SPARTIN, we characterized the local spatial immune cell infiltration within and across 335 melanoma biopsies and evaluated their association with genomic, phenotypic, and clinical outcomes. We found that CTIP was significantly (negatively) associated with deconvolved immune cell prevalence scores including CD8+ T-Cells and Natural Killer cells. Furthermore, average CTIP scores differed significantly across previously established transcriptomic classes and significantly associated with survival outcomes. Discussion: SPARTIN provides a general framework for investigating spatial cellular interactions in high-resolution digital histopathology imaging data and its associations with patient level characteristics. The results of our analysis have potential implications relevant to both treatment and prognosis in the context of Skin Cutaneous Melanoma. The R-package for SPARTIN is available at https://github.com/bayesrx/SPARTIN along with a visualization tool for the images and results at: https://nateosher.github.io/SPARTIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Osher
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Santhoshi Krishnan
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Arvind Rao
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Veerabhadran Baladandayuthapani
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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15
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Marei HE, Hasan A, Pozzoli G, Cenciarelli C. Cancer immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs): potential, mechanisms of resistance, and strategies for reinvigorating T cell responsiveness when resistance is acquired. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:64. [PMID: 37038154 PMCID: PMC10088229 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02902-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is still the leading cause of death globally. The approval of the therapeutic use of monoclonal antibodies against immune checkpoint molecules, notably those that target the proteins PD-1 and PD-L1, has changed the landscape of cancer treatment. In particular, first-line PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor drugs are increasingly common for the treatment of metastatic cancer, significantly prolonging patient survival. Despite the benefits brought by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)-based therapy, the majority of patients had their diseases worsen following a promising initial response. To increase the effectiveness of ICIs and advance our understanding of the mechanisms causing cancer resistance, it is crucial to find new, effective, and tolerable combination treatments. In this article, we addressed the potential of ICIs for the treatment of solid tumors and offer some insight into the molecular pathways behind therapeutic resistance to ICIs. We also discuss cutting-edge therapeutic methods for reactivating T-cell responsiveness after resistance has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany E Marei
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35116, Egypt.
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Giacomo Pozzoli
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Health Care Surveillance and Bioethics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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16
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Pereira I, Monteiro C, Pereira-Silva M, Peixoto D, Nunes C, Reis S, Veiga F, Hamblin MR, Paiva-Santos AC. Nanodelivery systems for cutaneous melanoma treatment. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 184:214-247. [PMID: 36773725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is a multifactorial disease whose treatment still presents challenges: the rapid progression to advanced CM, which leads to frequent recurrences even after surgical excision and, notably, the low response rates and resistance to the available therapies, particularly in the case of unresectable metastatic CM. Thereby, alternative innovative therapeutic approaches for CM continue to be searched. In this review we discuss relevant preclinical research studies, and provide a broad-brush analysis of patents and clinical trials which involve the application of nanotechnology-based delivery systems in CM therapy. Nanodelivery systems have been developed for the delivery of anticancer biomolecules to CM, which can be administered by different routes. Overall, nanosystems could promote technological advances in several therapeutic modalities and can be used in combinatorial therapies. Nevertheless, the results of these preclinical studies have not been translated to clinical applications. Thus, concerted and collaborative research studies involving basic, applied, translational, and clinical scientists need to be performed to allow the development of effective and safe nanomedicines to treat CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Pereira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carina Monteiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Pereira-Silva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diana Peixoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Nunes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Salette Reis
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco Veiga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
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17
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Chakraborty A, Perez M, Carroll JD, Antonopoulos A, Dell A, Ortega L, Mohammed NBB, Wells M, Staudinger C, Griswold A, Chandler KB, Marrero C, Jimenez R, Tani Y, Wilmott JS, Thompson JF, Wang W, Sackstein R, Scolyer RA, Murphy GF, Haslam SM, Dimitroff CJ. Hypoxia Controls the Glycome Signature and Galectin-8-Ligand Axis to Promote Protumorigenic Properties of Metastatic Melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:456-469.e8. [PMID: 36174713 PMCID: PMC10123958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The prognosis for patients with metastatic melanoma (MM) involving distant organs is grim, and treatment resistance is potentiated by tumor-initiating cells (TICs) that thrive under hypoxia. MM cells, including TICs, express a unique glycome featuring i-linear poly-N-acetyllactosamines through the loss of I-branching enzyme, β1,6 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2. Whether hypoxia instructs MM TIC development by modulating the glycome signature remains unknown. In this study, we explored hypoxia-dependent alterations in MM glycome‒associated genes and found that β1,6 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 was downregulated and a galectin (Gal)-8-ligand axis, involving both extracellular and cell-intrinsic Gal-8, was induced. Low β1,6 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 levels correlated with poor patient outcomes, and patient serum samples were elevated for Gal-8. Depressed β1,6 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 in MM cells upregulated TIC marker, NGFR/CD271, whereas loss of MM cell‒intrinsic Gal-8 markedly lowered NGFR and reduced TIC activity in vivo. Extracellular Gal-8 bound preferentially to i-linear poly-N-acetyllactosamines on N-glycans of the TIC marker and prometastatic molecule CD44, among other receptors, and activated prosurvival factor protein kinase B. This study reveals the importance of hypoxia governing the MM glycome by enforcing i-linear poly-N-acetyllactosamine and Gal-8 expression. This mechanistic investigation also uncovers glycome-dependent regulation of pro-MM factor, NGFR, implicating i-linear poly-N-acetyllactosamine and Gal-8 as biomarkers and therapeutic targets of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmi Chakraborty
- Translational Glycobiology Institute, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Mariana Perez
- Translational Glycobiology Institute, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jordan D Carroll
- Translational Glycobiology Institute, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Anne Dell
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Liettel Ortega
- Translational Glycobiology Institute, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Norhan B B Mohammed
- Translational Glycobiology Institute, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Michael Wells
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Caleb Staudinger
- Translational Glycobiology Institute, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Anthony Griswold
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (HIHG), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Kevin B Chandler
- Translational Glycobiology Institute, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Cristina Marrero
- Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health-South Florida, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ramon Jimenez
- Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health-South Florida, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Yoshihiko Tani
- Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - James S Wilmott
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - John F Thompson
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Melanoma and Surgical Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachussetts, USA
| | - Robert Sackstein
- Translational Glycobiology Institute, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - George F Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stuart M Haslam
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles J Dimitroff
- Translational Glycobiology Institute, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA.
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18
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Bahreyni A, Mohamud Y, Luo H. Recent advancements in immunotherapy of melanoma using nanotechnology-based strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114243. [PMID: 36641926 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a malignant tumor that accounts for the deadliest form of skin cancers. Despite the significant efforts made recently for development of immunotherapeutic strategies including using immune checkpoint inhibitors and cancer vaccines, the clinical outcomes are unsatisfying. Different factors affect efficient cancer immunotherapy such as side-effects, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and tumor heterogeneity. In the past decades, various nanotechnology-based approaches have been developed to enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy, in addition to diminishing the toxicity associated with it. Several studies have shown that proper application of nanomaterials can revolutionize the outcome of immunotherapy in diverse melanoma models. This review summarizes the recent advancement in the integration of nanotechnology and cancer immunotherapy in melanoma treatment. The importance of nanomaterials and their therapeutic advantages for patients with melanoma are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Bahreyni
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Yasir Mohamud
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Honglin Luo
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
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19
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Galluzzo C, Chiapparoli I, Corrado A, Cantatore FP, Salvarani C, Pipitone N. Rare forms of inflammatory myopathies - part I, generalized forms. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2023; 19:169-183. [PMID: 36469633 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2023.2154656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies traditionally comprise dermatomyositis, polymyositis, immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy, anti-synthetase syndrome, and inclusion body myositis. In this review, we aimed to cover the less common forms of generalized myositis. AREAS COVERED We identified rare forms of widespread myositis on the basis of list provided by the homepage of the Neuromuscular disease center of Washington University, USA and on the basis of the authors' knowledge. We searched PubMed® and EMBASE® for relevant articles on these forms with the aim of providing as much as possible information on their clinical manifestations as well as guidance on their work-up and treatment. EXPERT OPINION There is substantial heterogeneity among the various rare forms of generalized myositis in terms of their frequency and characterization. Some forms are reasonably well defined, while others may not represent truly well-defined diseases, but rather variants of other myopathies. The landscape of rare forms appears to have evolved over time, with some forms now being better characterized, while others, such as SARS-Cov-2- and immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myositis have come to the fore only in recent years. Knowledge about rare forms of myositis can aid in their recognition and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Galluzzo
- Department of internal Medicine, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Chiapparoli
- Department of internal Medicine, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Ada Corrado
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Cantatore
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Carlo Salvarani
- Department of internal Medicine, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.,Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Nicolò Pipitone
- Department of internal Medicine, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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20
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Urbanski A, Minnemann J, Mauch C, Schmidt T, Kreuzberg N, Schlaak M, Bruns CJ, Stippel DL, Wahba R. Oligometastatic disease and visceral resections in advanced malignant melanoma: a propensity-matched analysis. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2023; 408:53. [PMID: 36680624 PMCID: PMC9867670 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-023-02804-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Malignant melanoma is among the tumours with the highest increase in incidence of solid tumours in Germany. While most patients are diagnosed at an early stage and show a good prognosis, advanced stages of malignant melanoma are accompanied with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Comparable to other tumour entities, the resection of visceral metastases could lead to a better prognosis. Supplementary, the subgroup of oligometastatic patients might benefit from surgical therapy to a greater extent. METHODS This retrospective study analysed 351 patients treated between 2006 and 2017 at the University Hospital of Cologne. A total of 121 patients showed visceral metastases, with which we compared patients with a diffuse tumour spread to patients in an oligometastatic state. Furthermore, we evaluated the effect of visceral resection of oligometastatic, malignant melanoma. RESULTS Our analysis showed that patients with an oligometastatic malignant melanoma had a significantly better prognosis than patients with a diffuse pattern of metastases, if they showed visceral metastases. Furthermore, the resection of visceral metastases leads to a significant gain in median overall survival time (13.6 vs. 34.2 months) and in progression-free survival (9.6 vs. 3.8 months). CONCLUSION The resection of visceral metastases is a rational treatment option in advanced malignant melanoma. Although our study is limited by a small cohort of patients (n = 18), we believe that the resection of visceral metastases will be fundamental in the treatment of malignant melanoma. In particular, patients in an oligometastatic stage could be an eligible group for surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Urbanski
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Julia Minnemann
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Cornelia Mauch
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nicole Kreuzberg
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Max Schlaak
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlincorporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christiane J Bruns
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dirk L Stippel
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Roger Wahba
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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21
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Lopez DC, Robbins YL, Kowalczyk JT, Lassoued W, Gulley JL, Miettinen MM, Gallia GL, Allen CT, Hodge JW, London NR. Multi-spectral immunofluorescence evaluation of the myeloid, T cell, and natural killer cell tumor immune microenvironment in chordoma may guide immunotherapeutic strategies. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1012058. [PMID: 36338744 PMCID: PMC9634172 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1012058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chordoma is a rare, invasive, and devastating bone malignancy of residual notochord tissue that arises at the skull base, sacrum, or spine. In order to maximize immunotherapeutic approaches as a potential treatment strategy in chordoma it is important to fully characterize the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Multispectral immunofluorescence (MIF) allows for comprehensive evaluation of tumor compartments, molecular co-expression, and immune cell spatial relationships. Here we implement MIF to define the myeloid, T cell, and natural killer (NK) cell compartments in an effort to guide rational design of immunotherapeutic strategies for chordoma. Methods Chordoma tumor tissue from 57 patients was evaluated using MIF. Three panels were validated to assess myeloid cell, T cell, and NK cell populations. Slides were stained using an automated system and HALO software objective analysis was utilized for quantitative immune cell density and spatial comparisons between tumor and stroma compartments. Results Chordoma TIME analysis revealed macrophage infiltration of the tumor parenchyma at a significantly higher density than stroma. In contrast, helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, and T regulatory cells were significantly more abundant in stroma versus tumor. T cell compartment infiltration more commonly demonstrated a tumor parenchymal exclusion pattern, most markedly among cytotoxic T cells. NK cells were sparsely found within the chordoma TIME and few were in an activated state. No immune composition differences were seen in chordomas originating from diverse anatomic sites or between those resected at primary versus advanced disease stage. Conclusion This is the first comprehensive evaluation of the chordoma TIME including myeloid, T cell, and NK cell appraisal using MIF. Our findings demonstrate that myeloid cells significantly infiltrate chordoma tumor parenchyma while T cells tend to be tumor parenchymal excluded with high stromal infiltration. On average, myeloid cells are found nearer to target tumor cells than T cells, potentially resulting in restriction of T effector cell function. This study suggests that future immunotherapy combinations for chordoma should be aimed at decreasing myeloid cell suppressive function while enhancing cytotoxic T cell and NK cell killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C. Lopez
- Sinonasal and Skull Base Tumor Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Yvette L. Robbins
- Section on Translational Tumor Immunology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Joshua T. Kowalczyk
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health (CCR, NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Wiem Lassoued
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health (CCR, NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - James L. Gulley
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health (CCR, NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Markku M. Miettinen
- Laboratory for Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Gary L. Gallia
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Clint T. Allen
- Section on Translational Tumor Immunology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - James W. Hodge
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health (CCR, NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nyall R. London
- Sinonasal and Skull Base Tumor Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Nyall R. London Jr., ;
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22
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Synergistic effects of radiotherapy and targeted immunotherapy in improving tumor treatment efficacy: a review. CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF SPANISH ONCOLOGY SOCIETIES AND OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE OF MEXICO 2022; 24:2255-2271. [PMID: 35913663 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02888-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT), unlike chemotherapy, is one of the most routinely used and effective genotoxic and immune response inducing cancer therapies with an advantage of reduced side effects. However, cancer can relapse after RT owing to multiple factors, including acquired tumor resistance, immune suppressive microenvironment buildup, increased DNA repair, thus favoring tumor metastasis. Efforts to mitigate these undesirable effects have drawn interest in combining RT with immunotherapy, particularly the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors, to tilt the pre-existing tumor stromal microenvironment into long-lasting therapy-induced antitumor immunity at multiple metastatic sites (abscopal effects). This multimodal therapeutic strategy can alleviate the increased T cell priming and decrease tumor growth and metastasis, thus emerging as a significant approach to sustain as long-term antitumor immunity. To understand more about this synergism, a detailed cellular mechanism underlying the dynamic interaction between tumor and immune cells within the irradiated tumor microenvironment needs to be explored. Hence, in the present review, we have attempted to evaluate various RT-inducible immune factors, which can be targeted by immunotherapy and provide detailed explanation to optimally maximize their synergy with immunotherapy for long-lasting antitumor immunity. Moreover, we have critically assessed various combinatorial approaches along with their challenges and described strategies to modify them in addition to providing approaches for optimal synergistic effects of the combination.
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TLR agonist rMBP-NAP inhibits B16 melanoma tumor growth via induction of DCs maturation and T-cells cytotoxic response. Cytotechnology 2022; 74:459-467. [PMID: 36110155 PMCID: PMC9374861 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-022-00532-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer with increasing incidence and poor prognosis all over the world. Recent research has found that immunological abnormalities played a key role in the pathogenesis of melanoma. Increased understanding of tumor immune mechanisms has led to attract more attention for the potential of TLR agonists on treatment of melanoma. The present study aimed to determine the potential and efficacy of a novel TLR agonist rMBP-NAP for antitumor treatment in murine model of B16 melanoma. Subcutaneous administration of mice with rMBP-NAP remarkably inhibited tumor growth and tumor inhibitory rate was 77.72%. Additionally, rMBP‑NAP significantly upregulated the number of mature DCs (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the number and activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were prominently enhanced following rMBP-NAP stimulation (P < 0.05). Overall, these results demonstrated that rMBP-NAP possessed the potential to be a novel immunomodulatory candidate drug for treating melanoma.
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Zhang Y, Cui Q, Xu M, Liu D, Yao S, Chen M. Current Advances in PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade in Recurrent Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:901772. [PMID: 35833132 PMCID: PMC9271774 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.901772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies have revolutionized the treatment of a variety of cancers. Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, and the rate of advanced tumor progression or recurrence is as high as 80%. Current salvage strategies for patients with recurrent ovarian cancer are rarely curative. Recurrent ovarian cancer is a “cold tumor”, predominantly due to a lack of tumor antigens and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In trials testing programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade as a monotherapy, the response rate was only 8.0-22.2%. In this review, we illustrate the status of cold tumors in ovarian cancer and summarize the existing clinical trials investigating PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in recurrent ovarian cancer. Increasing numbers of immunotherapy combination trials have been set up to improve the response rate of EOC. The current preclinical and clinical development of immunotherapy combination therapy to convert an immune cold tumor into a hot tumor and their underlying mechanisms are also reviewed. The combination of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 with other immunomodulatory drugs or therapies, such as chemotherapy, antiangiogenic therapies, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors, adoptive cell therapy, and oncolytic therapy, could be beneficial. Further efforts are merited to transfer these results to a broader clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuedi Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiulin Cui
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manman Xu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Duo Liu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuzhong Yao
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Chen, ; Shuzhong Yao,
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Chen, ; Shuzhong Yao,
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To N, Evans RPT, Pearce H, Kamarajah SK, Moss P, Griffiths EA. Current and Future Immunotherapy-Based Treatments for Oesophageal Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3104. [PMID: 35804876 PMCID: PMC9265112 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal cancer is a disease that causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the prognosis of this condition has hardly improved in the past few years. Standard treatment includes a combination of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery; however, only a proportion of patients go on to treatment intended to cure the disease due to the late presentation of this disease. New treatment options are of utmost importance, and immunotherapy is a new option that has the potential to transform the landscape of this disease. This treatment is developed to act on the changes within the immune system caused by cancer, including checkpoint inhibitors, which have recently shown great promise in the treatment of this disease and have recently been included in the adjuvant treatment of oesophageal cancer in many countries worldwide. This review will outline the mechanisms by which cancer evades the immune system in those diagnosed with oesophageal cancer and will summarize current and ongoing trials that focus on the use of our own immune system to combat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie To
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK; (N.T.); (R.P.T.E.); (S.K.K.)
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (H.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Richard P. T. Evans
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK; (N.T.); (R.P.T.E.); (S.K.K.)
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (H.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Hayden Pearce
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (H.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Sivesh K. Kamarajah
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK; (N.T.); (R.P.T.E.); (S.K.K.)
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2SY, UK
| | - Paul Moss
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (H.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Ewen A. Griffiths
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK; (N.T.); (R.P.T.E.); (S.K.K.)
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2SY, UK
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Singh S, Roszik J, Saini N, Singh VK, Bavisi K, Wang Z, Vien LT, Yang Z, Kundu S, Davis RE, Bover L, Diab A, Neelapu SS, Overwijk WW, Rai K, Singh M. B Cells Are Required to Generate Optimal Anti-Melanoma Immunity in Response to Checkpoint Blockade. Front Immunol 2022; 13:794684. [PMID: 35720386 PMCID: PMC9204262 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.794684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies such as checkpoint blockade therapies are known to enhance anti-melanoma CD8+ T cell immunity, but only a fraction of patients treated with these therapies achieve durable immune response and disease control. It may be that CD8+ T cells need help from other immune cells to generate effective and long-lasting anti-tumor immunity or that CD8+ T cells alone are insufficient for complete tumor regression and cure. Melanoma contains significant numbers of B cells; however, the role of B cells in anti-melanoma immunity is controversial. In this study, B16 melanoma mouse models were used to determine the role of B cells in anti-melanoma immunity. C57BL/6 mice, B cell knockout (KO) C57BL/6 mice, anti-CD19, and anti-CXCL13 antibody-treated C57BL/6 mice were used to determine treatment efficacy and generation of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells in response to PD-L1 blockade alone or combination with TLR-7/8 activation. Whole transcriptome analysis was performed on the tumors from B cell depleted and WT mice, untreated or treated with anti-PD-L1. Both CD40-positive and CD40-negative B cells were isolated from tumors of TLR-7/8 agonist-treated wild-type mice and adoptively transferred into tumor-bearing B cell KO mice, which were treated with anti-PD-L1 and TLR-7/8 agonist. Therapeutic efficacy was determined in the presence of activated or inactivated B cells. Microarray analysis was performed on TLR-7/8-treated tumors to look for the B cell signatures. We found B cells were required to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of monotherapy with anti-PD-L1 antibody and combination therapy with anti-PD-L1 antibody plus TLR-7/8 agonist. However, B cells were not essential for anti-CTLA-4 antibody activity. Interestingly, CD40-positive but not CD40-negative B cells contributed to anti-melanoma immunity. In addition, melanoma patients' TCGA data showed that the presence of B cell chemokine CXCL13 and B cells together with CD8+ T cells in tumors were strongly associated with improved overall survival. Our transcriptome data suggest that the absence of B cells enhances immune checkpoints expression in the tumors microenvironment. These results revealed the importance of B cells in the generation of effective anti-melanoma immunity in response to PD-1-PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy. Our findings may facilitate the design of more effective anti-melanoma immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhra Singh
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jason Roszik
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Neeraj Saini
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Vipul Kumar Singh
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Karishma Bavisi
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Long T Vien
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Zixi Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas, Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Suprateek Kundu
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Richard E Davis
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Laura Bover
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Adi Diab
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sattva S Neelapu
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Kunal Rai
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Manisha Singh
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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Shu X, Nie Z, Luo W, Zheng Y, Han Z, Zhang H, Xia Y, Deng H, Li F, Wang S, Zhao J, He L. Babesia microti Infection Inhibits Melanoma Growth by Activating Macrophages in Mice. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:862894. [PMID: 35814662 PMCID: PMC9257138 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.862894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Babesia microti is an obligate intraerythrocytic protozoan transmitted by an Ixodes tick. Infections caused by protozoa, including Plasmodium yoelii and Toxoplasma gondii, are shown to inhibit tumor development by activating immune responses. Th1 immune response and macrophages not only are essential key factors in Babesia infection control but also play an important role in regulating tumor development. In this study, we investigated the effects of B. microti infection on melanoma in tumor-bearing mice. The results showed that B. microti infection could inhibit the growth of melanoma, significantly enlarge the spleen size (p ≤ 0.0001), and increase the survival period (over 7 days) of tumor-bearing mice. Mouse spleen immune cell analysis revealed that B. microti-infected tumor-bearing mice could increase the number of macrophages and CD4+ T cells, as well as the proportion of CD4+ T cells and M1 macrophages in the tumor. Immunohistochemical assays showed that B. microti infection could inhibit tumor angiogenesis (p ≤ 0.0032). Meanwhile, both B. microti-infected erythrocytes and culture supernatant were observed to significantly (p ≤ 0.0021) induce the mRNA expression of iNOS, IL-6, and TNF-α in macrophages. Moreover, B. microti culture supernatant could also repolarize IL-4-induced M2 macrophages to the M1 type. Overall, B. microti exerted antitumor effects by stimulating the immune system of tumor-bearing mice and inducing the polarization of immunosuppressive M2 macrophages to pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemical Disease and Infectious Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemical Disease and Infectious Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wanxin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemical Disease and Infectious Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaxin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemical Disease and Infectious Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemical Disease and Infectious Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemical Disease and Infectious Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingjun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemical Disease and Infectious Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Han Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemical Disease and Infectious Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemical Disease and Infectious Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemical Disease and Infectious Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junlong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemical Disease and Infectious Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Junlong Zhao,
| | - Lan He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemical Disease and Infectious Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Lan He,
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Opportunities and obstacles for the melanoma immunotherapy using T cell and chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) applications: a literature review. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10627-10633. [PMID: 35715610 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07633-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy procedure includes taking personal T cells and processing or genetic engineering using specific antigens and in vitro expanding and eventually infusing into the patient's body to unleash immune responses. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) includes lymphocytes taking, in vitro selection and expansion and processing for stimulation or activation and infusion into the patient's body. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), ACT and CAR-T cell therapies have demonstrated acceptable results. However, rare CAR-T cells tissue infiltration, off-target toxicity and resistance development include main disadvantages of CAR-T cell based therapy. Selection of suitable target antigens and novel engineered immune cells are warranted in future studies using "surfaceome" analysis. Employment of cytokines (IL-2, IL-7) for T cells activation has been also associated with specific anti-melanoma function which overcome telomeres shortening and further T cells differentiation. In resistant cases, rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma B-type and mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitors have been mostly applied. The aim of this study was evaluation of CAR-T cell and adoptive cell therapies efficiency for the treatment of melanoma.
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Beck M, Hartwich J, Eckstein M, Schmidt D, Gostian AO, Müller S, Rutzner S, Gaipl US, von der Grün J, Illmer T, Hautmann MG, Klautke G, Döscher J, Brunner T, Tamaskovics B, Hartmann A, Iro H, Kuwert T, Fietkau R, Hecht M, Semrau S. F18-FDG PET/CT imaging early predicts pathologic complete response to induction chemoimmunotherapy of locally advanced head and neck cancer: preliminary single-center analysis of the checkrad-cd8 trial. Ann Nucl Med 2022; 36:623-633. [PMID: 35534690 PMCID: PMC9226092 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-022-01744-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Aim In the CheckRad-CD8 trial patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell cancer are treated with a single cycle of induction chemo-immunotherapy (ICIT). Patients with pathological complete response (pCR) in the re-biopsy enter radioimmunotherapy. Our goal was to study the value of F-18-FDG PET/CT in the prediction of pCR after induction therapy. Methods Patients treated within the CheckRad-CD8 trial that additionally received FDG- PET/CT imaging at the following two time points were included: 3–14 days before (pre-ICIT) and 21–28 days after (post-ICIT) receiving ICIT. Tracer uptake in primary tumors (PT) and suspicious cervical lymph nodes (LN +) was measured using different quantitative parameters on EANM Research Ltd (EARL) accredited PET reconstructions. In addition, mean FDG uptake levels in lymphatic and hematopoietic organs were examined. Percent decrease (Δ) in FDG uptake was calculated for all parameters. Biopsy of the PT post-ICIT acquired after FDG-PET/CT served as reference. The cohort was divided in patients with pCR and residual tumor (ReTu). Results Thirty-one patients were included. In ROC analysis, ΔSUVmax PT performed best (AUC = 0.89) in predicting pCR (n = 17), with a decline of at least 60% (sensitivity, 0.77; specificity, 0.93). Residual SUVmax PT post-ICIT performed best in predicting ReTu (n = 14), at a cutpoint of 6.0 (AUC = 0.91; sensitivity, 0.86; specificity, 0.88). Combining two quantitative parameters (ΔSUVmax ≥ 50% and SUVmax PT post-ICIT ≤ 6.0) conferred a sensitivity of 0.81 and a specificity of 0.93 for determining pCR. Background activity in lymphatic organs or uptake in suspected cervical lymph node metastases lacked significant predictive value. Conclusion FDG-PET/CT can identify patients with pCR after ICIT via residual FDG uptake levels in primary tumors and the related changes compared to baseline. FDG-uptake in LN + had no predictive value. Trial registry ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03426657.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Beck
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany.
| | - J Hartwich
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - M Eckstein
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - D Schmidt
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - A O Gostian
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - S Müller
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - S Rutzner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - U S Gaipl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - J von der Grün
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - T Illmer
- Medical Oncology Clinic Dresden Freiberg, Dresden, Saxony, Germany
| | - M G Hautmann
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Bayern, Germany
| | - G Klautke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chemnitz Hospital, Chemnitz, Sachsen, Germany
| | - J Döscher
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - T Brunner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Otto Von Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany
| | - B Tamaskovics
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - A Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - H Iro
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - T Kuwert
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - R Fietkau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - M Hecht
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - S Semrau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
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Lu R, Wang S, Jiang S, Li C, Wang Y, Li L, Wang Y, Ma G, Qiao H, Leng Z, Niu J, Tian Z, Wang B. Chrysin Enhances Anti-tumor Immunity Response through IL-12-STAT4 Signal Pathway in B16F10 Melanoma Mouse Model. Scand J Immunol 2022; 96:e13177. [PMID: 35484925 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chrysin (CHR) is a flavonoid with extensive pharmacological activity. The molecular formula of CHR is C15 H10 O4 . CHR is reported to have antioxidative, anti-tumor and anti-viral functions. To evaluate its potential function as a vaccine adjuvant, we prepared a melanoma vaccine using a soluble protein extract of B16F10 melanoma cells as antigen and CHR as an adjuvant. The melanoma model was developed after two immunisations, and it was discovered that combining B16F10 soluble protein antigen-mixed CHR vaccine could inhibit tumor growth in the mouse model, and the overall survival rate was higher than that of the B16F10 antigen vaccine alone. In vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted to determine whether CHR functioned as an adjuvant by activating antigen-presenting cells (APCs). We discovered that CHR activated APCs both in vivo and in vitro and may enhance Th1 cell function by activating the IL12-STAT4 signal pathway, thereby enhancing the anti-tumor response of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in vivo. Next, to verify the critical role of CD8+ T cells in suppressing melanoma development, we transplanted CD8+ T cells from immunised mice to B16F10 tumor-bearing mice and discovered that the survival rate of tumor-bearing mice was significantly prolonged. In summary, our experimental results indicate that CHR can be used as a potential adjuvant to enhance antigen immunogenicity, inhibit B16F10 tumor growth in mice and improve tumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Lu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shasha Jiang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chenglin Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yashuo Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yunyang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Guixin Ma
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hongye Qiao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhe Leng
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Junyun Niu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zibin Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Carlino F, Diana A, Piccolo A, Ventriglia A, Bruno V, De Santo I, Letizia O, De Vita F, Daniele B, Ciardiello F, Orditura M. Immune-Based Therapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: From Molecular Biology to Clinical Practice. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092102. [PMID: 35565233 PMCID: PMC9103968 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has been considered for many years an orphan disease in terms of therapeutic options, with conventional chemotherapy (CT) still representing the mainstay of treatment in the majority of patients. Although breast cancer (BC) has been historically considered a "cold tumor", exciting progress in the genomic field leading to the characterization of the molecular portrait and the immune profile of TNBC has opened the door to novel therapeutic strategies, including Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs), Poly ADP-Ribose Polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADCs). In particular, compared to standard CT, the immune-based approach has been demonstrated to improve progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in metastatic PD-L1-positive TNBC and the pathological complete response rate in the early setting, regardless of PD-L1 expression. To date, PD-L1 has been widely used as a predictor of the response to ICIs; however, many patients do not benefit from the addition of immunotherapy. Therefore, PD-L1 is not a reliable predictive biomarker of the response, and its accuracy remains controversial due to the lack of a consensus about the assay, the antibody, and the scoring system to adopt, as well as the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the PD-L1 status. In the precision medicine era, there is an urgent need to identify more sensitive biomarkers in the BC immune oncology field other than just PD-L1 expression. Through the characterization of the tumor microenvironment (TME), the analysis of peripheral blood and the evaluation of immune gene signatures, novel potential biomarkers have been explored, such as the Tumor Mutational Burden (TMB), Microsatellite Instability/Mismatch Repair Deficiency (MSI/dMMR) status, genomic and epigenomic alterations and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). This review aims to summarize the recent knowledge on BC immunograms and on the biomarkers proposed to support ICI-based therapy in TNBC, as well as to provide an overview of the potential strategies to enhance the immune response in order to overcome the mechanisms of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Carlino
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.P.); (A.V.); (V.B.); (F.D.V.); (F.C.); (M.O.)
- Medical Oncology Unit, Ospedale Ave Gratia Plena, San Felice a Cancello, 81027 Caserta, Italy; (I.D.S.); (O.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-349-5152216
| | - Anna Diana
- Medical Oncology Unit, Ospedale del Mare, 80147 Naples, Italy; (A.D.); (B.D.)
| | - Antonio Piccolo
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.P.); (A.V.); (V.B.); (F.D.V.); (F.C.); (M.O.)
| | - Anna Ventriglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.P.); (A.V.); (V.B.); (F.D.V.); (F.C.); (M.O.)
| | - Vincenzo Bruno
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.P.); (A.V.); (V.B.); (F.D.V.); (F.C.); (M.O.)
| | - Irene De Santo
- Medical Oncology Unit, Ospedale Ave Gratia Plena, San Felice a Cancello, 81027 Caserta, Italy; (I.D.S.); (O.L.)
| | - Ortensio Letizia
- Medical Oncology Unit, Ospedale Ave Gratia Plena, San Felice a Cancello, 81027 Caserta, Italy; (I.D.S.); (O.L.)
| | - Ferdinando De Vita
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.P.); (A.V.); (V.B.); (F.D.V.); (F.C.); (M.O.)
| | - Bruno Daniele
- Medical Oncology Unit, Ospedale del Mare, 80147 Naples, Italy; (A.D.); (B.D.)
| | - Fortunato Ciardiello
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.P.); (A.V.); (V.B.); (F.D.V.); (F.C.); (M.O.)
| | - Michele Orditura
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.P.); (A.V.); (V.B.); (F.D.V.); (F.C.); (M.O.)
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Song W, Ren J, Xiang R, Yuan W, Fu T. Cross-Talk Between m 6A- and m 5C-Related lncRNAs to Construct a Novel Signature and Predict the Immune Landscape of Colorectal Cancer Patients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:740960. [PMID: 35350786 PMCID: PMC8957790 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.740960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and 5-methylcytosine (m5C) can modify long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), thereby affecting tumorigenesis and tumor progression. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the potential roles and cross-talk of m6A- and m5C-related lncRNAs in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and their effect on prognosis. Methods We systematically evaluated the expression patterns of m6A- and m5C-related lncRNAs in 1358 colorectal cancer (CRC) samples from four datasets. Consensus clustering was conducted to identify molecular subtypes of CRC, and the clinical significance, TME, tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs), and immune checkpoints in the different molecular subtypes were analyzed. Finally, we established a m6A- and m5C-related lncRNA signature and a prognostic nomogram. Results We identified 141 m6A- and m5C-related lncRNAs by co-expression analysis, among which 23 lncRNAs were significantly associated with the overall survival (OS) of CRC patients. Two distinct molecular subtypes (cluster A and cluster B) were identified, and these two distinct molecular subtypes could predict clinicopathological features, prognosis, TME stromal activity, TIICs, immune checkpoints. Next, a m6A- and m5C-related lncRNA signature for predicting OS was constructed, and its predictive capability in CRC patients was validated. We then constructed a highly accurate nomogram for improving the clinical applicability of the signature. Analyses of clinicopathological features, prognosis, TIICs, cancer stem cell (CSC), and drug response revealed significant differences between two risk groups. In addition, we found that patients with a low-risk score exhibited enhanced response to anti-PD-1/L1 immunotherapy. Functional enrichment analysis showed that these lncRNAs related to the high-risk group were involved in the development and progression of CRC. Conclusions We conducted a comprehensive analysis of m6A- and m5C-related lncRNAs in CRC and revealed their potential functions in predicting tumor-immune-stromal microenvironment, clinicopathological features, and prognosis, and determined their role in immunotherapy. These findings may improve our understanding of the cross-talk between m6A- and m5C-related lncRNAs in CRC and pave a new road for prognosis assessment and more effective immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery II, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery II, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rensheng Xiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery II, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenzheng Yuan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery II, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Fu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery II, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Real-World Therapy with Pembrolizumab: Outcomes and Surrogate Endpoints for Predicting Survival in Advanced Melanoma Patients in Germany. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071804. [PMID: 35406577 PMCID: PMC8997941 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Knowledge on the real-world outcomes of patients with advanced melanoma and the value of different endpoints for evaluating survival benefits is limited. We investigated the outcomes and different surrogate endpoints for overall survival (OS) in 664 pembrolizumab-treated patients with advanced melanoma in Germany. Our findings support the effectiveness of pembrolizumab in real-world clinical practice. The real-world time to next treatment was most strongly correlated with OS, suggesting it as a valuable surrogate endpoint to assess treatment effectiveness. Real-world studies assessing time to next treatment could support clinical and payer decision making. Abstract Knowledge on the real-world characteristics and outcomes of pembrolizumab-treated advanced melanoma patients in Germany and on the value of different real-world endpoints as surrogates for overall survival (OS) is limited. A sample of 664 pembrolizumab-treated patients with advanced melanoma from the German registry ADOReg was used. We examined OS, real-world progression-free survival (rwPFS), real-world time to next treatment (rwTtNT), and real-world time on treatment (rwToT). Spearman’s rank and iterative multiple imputation (IMI)-based correlation coefficients were computed between the OS and the rwPFS, rwTtNT, and rwToT and reported for the first line of therapy and the overall sample. The median OS was 30.5 (95%CI 25.0–35.4) months, the rwPFS was 3.9 months (95%CI 3.5–4.9), the rwTtNT was 10.7 months (95%CI 9.0–12.9), and the rwToT was 6.2 months (95%CI 5.1–6.8). The rwTtNT showed the highest correlation with the OS based on the IMI (rIMI = 0.83), Spearman rank correlations (rs = 0.74), followed by the rwToT (rIMI = 0.74 and rs = 0.65) and rwPFS (rIMI = 0.69 and rs = 0.56). The estimates for the outcomes and correlations were similar for the overall sample and those in first-line therapy. The median OS was higher compared to recent real-world studies, supporting the effectiveness of pembrolizumab in regular clinical practice. The rwTtNT may be a valuable OS surrogate, considering the highest correlation was observed with the OS among the investigated real-world endpoints.
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Hashimoto H, Tanaka Y, Murata M, Ito T. Nectin-4: a Novel Therapeutic Target for Skin Cancers. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2022; 23:578-593. [PMID: 35312963 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-022-00940-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Nectin-4 is a tumor-associated antigen that is highly expressed on various cancer cells, and it has been further proposed to have roles in tumor development and propagation ranging from cellular proliferation to motility and invasion. Nectin-4 blockade reduces tumor proliferation and induces apoptosis in several malignancies. Nectin-4 has been used as a potential target in antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) development. Enfortumab vedotin, an ADC against Nectin-4, has demonstrated efficacy against solid tumor malignancies. Enfortumab vedotin has received US Food and Drug Administration approval for treating urothelial cancer. Furthermore, the efficacy of ADCs against Nectin-4 against solid tumors other than urothelial cancer has been demonstrated in preclinical studies, and clinical trials examining the effects of enfortumab vedotin are ongoing. Recently, Nectin-4 was reported to be highly expressed in several skin cancers, including malignant melanoma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, and extramammary Paget's disease, and involved in tumor progression and survival in retrospective studies. Nectin-4-targeted therapies and ADCs against Nectin-4 could therefore be novel therapeutic options for skin cancers. This review highlights current knowledge on Nectin-4 in malignant tumors, the efficacy of enfortumab vedotin in clinical trials, and the prospects of Nectin-4-targeted agents against skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Hashimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Yuka Tanaka
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Maho Murata
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takamichi Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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Cheng Z, Du Y, Yu L, Yuan Z, Tian J. Application of Noninvasive Imaging to Combined Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Breast Cancer: Facts and Future. Mol Imaging Biol 2022; 24:264-279. [PMID: 35102468 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-021-01688-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
With the application of mono-immunotherapy in cancer, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors, improved outcomes have been achieved. However, there are several limitations to immunotherapy, such as a poor response to the drugs, immune resistance, and immune-related adverse events. In recent years, studies of preclinical animal models and clinical trials have demonstrated that immune checkpoint inhibitors for breast cancer can significantly prolong the overall survival and quality of patients' lives. Meanwhile, combined immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment has attracted researchers' attention and showed great potential in the comprehensive treatment of breast cancer patients. Additionally, noninvasive imaging enables physicians to predict response to combined immunotherapeutic drugs, achieve treatment efficacy, and lead to better clinical management. Herein, we review the background of combined immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and summarize its targeted imaging as well as progress in noninvasive imaging aimed at evaluating therapeutic outcomes. Finally, we describe several factors that may influence the outcome of this combined immunotherapy, the future direction of medical imaging, and the potential application of artificial intelligence in breast cancer. With further development of noninvasive imaging for the guidance of combined immune checkpoint inhibitors, cures for this disease may be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongquan Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Capital Medical University, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100050, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex System, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, BeijingBeijing, 100190, China
| | - Yang Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex System, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, BeijingBeijing, 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China.
| | - Leyi Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Capital Medical University, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhu Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Capital Medical University, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Jie Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex System, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, BeijingBeijing, 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Medicine Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, China.
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Zhang H, Liu Y, Hu D, Liu S. Identification of Novel Molecular Therapeutic Targets and Their Potential Prognostic Biomarkers Based on Cytolytic Activity in Skin Cutaneous Melanoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:844666. [PMID: 35345444 PMCID: PMC8957259 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.844666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) attracts attention worldwide for its extremely high malignancy. A novel term cytolytic activity (CYT) has been introduced as a potential immunotherapy biomarker associated with counter-regulatory immune responses and enhanced prognosis in tumors. In this study, we extracted all datasets of SKCM patients, namely, RNA sequencing data and clinical information from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, conducted differential expression analysis to yield 864 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) characteristic of CYT and used non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) method to classify molecular subtypes of SKCM patients. Among all genes, 14 hub genes closely related to prognosis for SKCM were finally screen out. Based on these genes, we constructed a 14-gene prognostic risk model and its robustness and strong predictive performance were further validated. Subsequently, the underlying mechanisms in tumor pathogenesis and prognosis have been defined from a number of perspectives, namely, tumor mutation burden (TMB), copy number variation (CNV), tumor microenvironment (TME), infiltrating immune cells, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Furthermore, combined with GTEx database and HPA database, the expression of genes in the model was verified at the transcriptional level and protein level, and the relative importance of genes in the model was described by random forest algorithm. In addition, the model was used to predict the difference in sensitivity of SKCM patients to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Finally, a nomogram was constructed to better aid clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxue Zhang
- Department of Dermatovenerology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuyao Liu
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Delin Hu
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shengxiu Liu
- Department of Dermatovenerology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Kuske M, Haist M, Jung T, Grabbe S, Bros M. Immunomodulatory Properties of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-More than Boosting T-Cell Responses? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1710. [PMID: 35406483 PMCID: PMC8996886 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) that serve to enhance effector T-cell anti-tumor responses has strongly improved success rates in the treatment of metastatic melanoma and other tumor types. The currently approved ICI constitute monoclonal antibodies blocking cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein (CTLA)-4 and anti-programmed cell death (PD)-1. By this, the T-cell-inhibitory CTLA-4/CD80/86 and PD-1/PD-1L/2L signaling axes are inhibited. This leads to sustained effector T-cell activity and circumvents the immune evasion of tumor cells, which frequently upregulate PD-L1 expression and modulate immune checkpoint molecule expression on leukocytes. As a result, profound clinical responses are observed in 40-60% of metastatic melanoma patients. Despite the pivotal role of T effector cells for triggering anti-tumor immunity, mounting evidence indicates that ICI efficacy may also be attributable to other cell types than T effector cells. In particular, emerging research has shown that ICI also impacts innate immune cells, such as myeloid cells, natural killer cells and innate lymphoid cells, which may amplify tumoricidal functions beyond triggering T effector cells, and thus improves clinical efficacy. Effects of ICI on non-T cells may additionally explain, in part, the character and extent of adverse effects associated with treatment. Deeper knowledge of these effects is required to further develop ICI treatment in terms of responsiveness of patients to treatment, to overcome resistance to ICI and to alleviate adverse effects. In this review we give an overview into the currently known immunomodulatory effects of ICI treatment in immune cell types other than the T cell compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.K.); (M.H.); (T.J.); (S.G.)
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Yang C, Ming Y, Zhou K, Hao Y, Hu D, Chu B, He X, Yang Y, Qian Z. Macrophage Membrane-Camouflaged shRNA and Doxorubicin: A pH-Dependent Release System for Melanoma Chemo-Immunotherapy. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2022; 2022:9768687. [PMID: 35233535 PMCID: PMC8851070 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9768687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Improving the efficacy of melanoma treatment remains an important global challenge. Here, we combined chemotherapy with protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 2(Ptpn2) based immunotherapy in an effort to address this challenge. Short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting Ptpn2 was coencapsulated with doxorubicin (DOX) in the cell membrane of M1 macrophages (M1HD@RPR). The prepared nanoparticles (NPs) were effectively phagocytosed by B16F10 cells and M1 macrophages, but not by M0 macrophages. Hence, NP evasion from the reticuloendothelial system (RES) was improved and NP enrichment in tumor sites increased. M1HD@RPR can directly kill tumor cells and stimulate immunogenic cell death (ICD) by DOX and downregulate Ptpn2. It can promote M1 macrophage polarization and dendritic cell maturation and increase the proportion of CD8+ T cells. M1HD@RPR killed and inhibited the growth of primary melanoma and lung metastatic tumor cells without harming the surrounding tissue. These findings establish M1HD@RPR as a safe multifunctional nanoparticle capable of effectively combining chemotherapy and gene immunotherapies against melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, China
| | - Yang Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Ying Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Danrong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Bingyang Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xinlong He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zhiyong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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Abstract
With the development of precision medicine, the efficiency of tumor treatment has been significantly improved. More attention has been paid to targeted therapy and immunotherapy as the key to precision treatment of cancer. Targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has become one of the most important targeted treatments for various cancers. Comparing with traditional chemotherapy drugs, targeting EGFR is highly selective in killing tumor cells with better safety, tolerability and less side effect. In addition, tumor immunotherapy has become the fourth largest tumor therapy after surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, these treatments still produce a certain degree of drug resistance. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) were found to play a key role in carcinogenesis, treatment and regulation of the efficacy of anticancer drugs in the past few years. Therefore, in this review, we aim to summarize the targeted treatment of cancers and the functions of ncRNAs in cancer treatment.
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40
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Koch EAT, Schaft N, Kummer M, Berking C, Schuler G, Hasumi K, Dörrie J, Schuler-Thurner B. A One-Armed Phase I Dose Escalation Trial Design: Personalized Vaccination with IKKβ-Matured, RNA-Loaded Dendritic Cells for Metastatic Uveal Melanoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:785231. [PMID: 35185883 PMCID: PMC8854646 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.785231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is an orphan disease with a mortality of 80% within one year upon the development of metastatic disease. UM does hardly respond to chemotherapy and kinase inhibitors and is largely resistant to checkpoint inhibition. Hence, further therapy approaches are urgently needed. To improve clinical outcome, we designed a trial employing the 3rd generation personalized IKKβ-matured RNA-transfected dendritic cell (DC) vaccine which primes T cells and in addition activates NK cells. This ongoing phase I trial [NCT04335890 (www.clinicaltrials.gov), Eudract: 2018-004390-28 (www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu)] investigates patients with treatment-naive metastatic UM. Monocytes are isolated by leukapheresis, differentiated to immature DCs, matured with a cytokine cocktail, and activated via the NF-κB pathway by electroporation with RNA encoding a constitutively active mutant of IKKβ. Three types of antigen-RNA are co-electroporated: i) amplified mRNA of the tumor representing the whole transcriptome, ii) RNA encoding driver mutations identified by exome sequencing, and iii) overexpressed non-mutated tumor antigens detected by transcriptome sequencing. This highly personalized DC vaccine is applied by 9 intravenous infusions in a staggered schedule over one year. Parallel to the vaccination, standard therapy, usually an immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) as mono (anti-PD-1) or combined (anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD-1) regimen is initiated. The coordinated vaccine-induced immune response encompassing tumor-specific T cells and innate NK cells should synergize with ICB, perhaps resulting in measurable clinical responses in this resistant tumor entity. Primary outcome measures of this trial are safety, tolerability and toxicity; secondary outcome measures comprise overall survival and induction of antigen-specific T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias A. T. Koch
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Region of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Niels Schaft
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Region of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Niels Schaft,
| | - Mirko Kummer
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Region of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carola Berking
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Region of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerold Schuler
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Region of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Jan Dörrie
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Region of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Beatrice Schuler-Thurner
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Region of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
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Insignificant effects of loss of heterozygosity in HLA in the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade treatment. Genes Genomics 2022; 44:509-515. [PMID: 35107815 PMCID: PMC8921140 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-021-01207-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background It is assumed that loss of heterozygosity and allelic copy loss in HLA gene is associated with poor response rates in immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment. H-owever, the accurate extents or consistency in cancer types have not been explored. Objective The goal of this study is to investigate quantitative relationship between HLA allelic copy loss and response rates to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Also, tumor microenvironment was computationally assessed in the tumors with HLA copy loss to provide potential mechanisms for the relationships. Method A total of 282 whole exome sequencing data from three cohorts of patients who received immune checkpoint blockade immunotherapy were analyzed, including Anti-PDL1 treated in metastatic urothelial cancer (N = 216), anti-PD1 treated metastatic melanoma (N = 26), and anti-CTLA4 treated metastatic melanoma (N = 39). The LOHHLA algorithm was used to calculate allelic copy number loss at each HLA-A, -B, and -C locus, and further determine HLA allelic copy loss status. The HLA copy status and ICB response rates were analyzed for association using Fisher’s exact test. The CIBERSORT-absolute algorithm was then used to analyze the patient's immune environment, which represented loss of heterozygosity, using paired matched RNA sequencing data. Results Unlike the general expectation, HLA allelic copy loss was not significantly associated with the ICB responses. Moreover, the relationship showed a reversed relationship in HLA-A in the urothelial cancer (better ICB response in HLA copy loss). Regardless of the HLA copy status, the proportion of cytotoxic immune cells in the immune environment of patients was correlated with ICB response, which was higher in the loss of heterozygosity group in the urothelial cohort. Conclusion Although the loss of heterozygosity in HLA was generally expected to be an inhibitory factor in the immune treatment response by causing T cell immune evasion, our analysis demonstrates no explicit relationships. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13258-021-01207-8.
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Jing HY, Gu W, Tan XY, Ma YR. Ferroptosis-related genes are candidate diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for skin cutaneous melanoma. Biomark Med 2022; 16:179-196. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2021-0998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is a disease with the highest mortality rate among skin cancers. As a new type of programmed cell death, ferroptosis has been confirmed to be related to the occurrence and development of a variety of cancers. At present, the expression and prognostic value of ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) in SKCM are still unclear. In this study, we selected seven FRGs that were differentially expressed in SKCM and related to the patient’s prognosis through the databases. Further studies have shown that these genes are closely related to immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoints. All in all, these seven FRGs may be potential targets for clinical diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of SKCM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yue Jing
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Orthopedic, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Tan
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yue-Rong Ma
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
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43
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Li Z, Wei J, Zheng H, Gan X, Song M, Zhang Y, Jin Y. Immune-related lncRNA pairs as novel signature to predict prognosis and immune landscape in melanoma patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e28531. [PMID: 35029920 PMCID: PMC8735746 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate immune-related long non-coding RNA (irlncRNA) signatures for predicting survival and the immune landscape in melanoma patients.We retrieved gene expression files from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Genotype-Tissue Expression database and extracted all the long non-coding RNAs from the original data. Then, we selected immune-related long non-coding RNAs (irlncRNAs) using co-expression networks and screened differentially expressed irlncRNAs (DEirlncRNAs) to form pairs. We also performed univariate analysis and Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) penalized regression analysis to identify prognostic DEirlncRNA pairs, constructed receiver operating characteristic curves, compared the areas under the curves, and calculated the optimal cut-off point to divide patients into high-risk and low-risk groups. Finally, we performed multivariate Cox regression analysis, Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival analysis, clinical correlation analysis, and investigated correlations with tumor-infiltrating immune cells, chemotherapeutic effectiveness, and immunogene biomarkers.A total of 297 DEirlncRNAs were identified, of which 16 DEirlncRNA pairs were associated with prognosis in melanoma. After grouping patients by the optimal cut-off value, we could better distinguish melanoma patients with different survival outcomes, clinical characteristics, tumor immune status changes, chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity, and specific immunogene biomarkers.The DEirlncRNA pairs showed potential as novel biomarkers to predict the prognosis of melanoma patients. Furthermore, these DEirlncRNA pairs could be used to evaluate treatment efficacy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhehong Li
- Traumatology and Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Junqiang Wei
- Traumatology and Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Honghong Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Xintian Gan
- Traumatology and Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Mingze Song
- Traumatology and Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Yafang Zhang
- Traumatology and Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Yu Jin
- Traumatology and Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei, China
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Tang B, Yan R, Zhu J, Cheng S, Kong C, Chen W, Fang S, Wang Y, Yang Y, Qiu R, Lu C, Ji J. Integrative analysis of the molecular mechanisms, immunological features and immunotherapy response of ferroptosis regulators across 33 cancer types. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:180-198. [PMID: 34975326 PMCID: PMC8692154 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.64654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a recently described mode of cell death caused by the accumulation of intracellular iron and lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS), which play critical roles in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms and promising biomarkers of ferroptosis among cancers remain to be elucidated. In this study, 30 ferroptosis regulators in ferroptosis-related signaling pathways were identified and analyzed in 33 cancer types. We found transcriptomic aberrations and evaluated the prognostic value of ferroptosis regulators across 33 cancer types. Then, we predicted and validated potential transcription factors (including E2F7, KLF5 and FOXM1) and therapeutic drugs (such as cyclophosphamide, vinblastine, and gefitinib) that target ferroptosis regulators in cancer. Moreover, we explored the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and found that signaling pathways such as the IL-1 and IL-2 pathways are closely associated with ferroptosis. Additionally, we found that ferroptosis regulators have a close relationship with immunity-related parameters, including the immune score, immune cell infiltration level, and immune checkpoint protein level. Finally, we determined a ferroptosis score using GSVA method. We found that the ferroptosis score effectively predicted ferroptotic cell death in tumor samples. And ferroptosis score is served as an independent prognostic indicator for the incidence and recurrence of cancers. More importantly, patients with high ferroptosis scores received greater benefit from immunotherapy. We aslo created an online webserver based on the nomogram prognostic model to predict the survival in immunotherapy cohort. The reason for this outcome is partially the result of patients with a high ferroptosis rate also having high immune scores, HLA-related gene expression and immune checkpoint protein expression, such as PDL2 and TIM3. Moreover, patients with high ferroptosis scores exhibited CD8 T cell and TIL infiltration and immune-related signaling pathway enrichment. In summary, we systematically summarize the molecular characteristics, clinical relevance and immune features of ferroptosis across cancers and show that the ferroptosis score can be used as a prognostic factor and for the evaluation of immunotherapy effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bufu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Lishui 323000, China
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Ruochen Yan
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Jinyu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Lishui 323000, China
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shimiao Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Chunli Kong
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Weiqian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Shiji Fang
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Department of Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Rongfang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Chenying Lu
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Lishui 323000, China
- Department of Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Jiansong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Lishui 323000, China
- Department of Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China
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Abstract
Melanoma is a relentless type of skin cancer which involves myriad signaling pathways which regulate many cellular processes. This makes melanoma difficult to treat, especially when identified late. At present, therapeutics include chemotherapy, surgical resection, biochemotherapy, immunotherapy, photodynamic and targeted approaches. These interventions are usually administered as either a single-drug or in combination, based on tumor location, stage, and patients' overall health condition. However, treatment efficacy generally decreases as patients develop treatment resistance. Genetic profiling of melanocytes and the discovery of novel molecular factors involved in the pathogenesis of melanoma have helped to identify new therapeutic targets. In this literature review, we examine several newly approved therapies, and briefly describe several therapies being assessed for melanoma. The goal is to provide a comprehensive overview of recent developments and to consider future directions in the field of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Kumar Dhanyamraju
- Department of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Pavan Kumar Dhanyamraju, Department of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA17033, USA. Tel: +1-6096474712, E-mail:
| | - Trupti N. Patel
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore Campus, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
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Manan A, Rizvi S, Kondlapudi J. Intramedullary Spinal Cord Metastasis as Initial Presentation of Malignant Melanoma: A Unique Case Report and Role of Contrast vs Non-contrast MRI in Its Diagnosis. Cureus 2021; 13:e19731. [PMID: 34934593 PMCID: PMC8684581 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intramedullary spinal cord metastasis (ISCM) is a diagnostically challenging and dreadful complication of cancer. Twenty-seven cases of ISCM exclusively related to malignant melanoma have been reported so far in a recent study.On review of literature, we could not find any reported case with ISCM secondary to malignant melanoma as initial presentation. To the best of our knowledge, we are reporting the first such case. We report a case of a 71-year-old lady presenting with gradual onset of bilateral leg weakness “off legs” and lower limb paresthesias. On examination she had an upper motor neuron pattern lower limb weakness with reduced sensations to all modalities and brisk reflexes with extensor plantar responses. She was evaluated with non-contrast MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) spine which showed focal myelopathic cord signal at the conus and at the level of T10 and T11 vertebrae (radiological differential diagnosis given on MRI were B12 deficiency/inflammatory/infection). Thorough radiological scans were ordered which revealed a disseminated malignancy. A biopsy sample from gastric lesion revealed diagnosis of malignant melanoma. A repeat MRI whole spine with gadolinium contrast was done later with suspicion of spinal metastasis which has led to lower limb weakness. MRI with contrast showed an enhancing soft tissue metastatic mass lesion within conus in comparison with plain MRI done one week earlier. At present, diagnostic modalities available for diagnosing ISCM particularly secondary to melanoma do not have high specificity. Contrast MRI is the diagnostic modality of choice at present. Non-contrast MRI has low sensitivity in diagnosis of ISCM compared to contrast MRI and could potentially delay the management, especially in highly aggressive malignancies like malignant melanoma where an early diagnosis and treatment is critical for better outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Manan
- Nephrology and General Internal Medicine, The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, GBR
| | - Syed Rizvi
- Acute and General Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, GBR
| | - Jyothi Kondlapudi
- Nephrology and General Internal Medicine, The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, GBR
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47
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Kalf RRJ, Delnoij DMJ, Ryll B, Bouvy ML, Goettsch WG. Information Patients With Melanoma Spontaneously Report About Health-Related Quality of Life on Web-Based Forums: Case Study. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e27497. [PMID: 34878994 PMCID: PMC8693198 DOI: 10.2196/27497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is a general agreement on the importance of health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This type of information is becoming increasingly important for the value assessment of health technology assessment agencies in evaluating the benefits of new health technologies, including medicines. However, HRQoL data are often limited, and additional sources that provide this type of information may be helpful. Objective We aim to identify the HRQoL topics important to patients with melanoma based on web-based discussions on public social media forums. Methods We identified 3 public web-based forums from the United States and the United Kingdom, namely the Melanoma Patient Information Page, the Melanoma International Forum, and MacMillan. Their posts were randomly selected and coded using qualitative methods until saturation was reached. Results Of the posts assessed, 36.7% (150/409) of posts on Melanoma International Forum, 45.1% (198/439) on MacMillan, and 35.4% (128/362) on Melanoma Patient Information Page focused on HRQoL. The 2 themes most frequently mentioned were mental health and (un)certainty. The themes were constructed based on underlying and more detailed codes. Codes related to fear, worry and anxiety, uncertainty, and unfavorable effects were the most-often discussed ones. Conclusions Web-based forums are a valuable source for identifying relevant HRQoL aspects in patients with a given disease. These aspects could be cross-referenced with existing tools and they might improve the content validity of patient-reported outcome measures, including HRQoL questionnaires. In addition, web-based forums may provide health technology assessment agencies with a more holistic understanding of the external aspects affecting patient HRQoL. These aspects might support the value assessment of new health technologies and could therefore help inform topic prioritization as well as the scoping phase before any value assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel R J Kalf
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, University Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,National Health Care Institute, Diemen, Netherlands
| | - Diana M J Delnoij
- National Health Care Institute, Diemen, Netherlands.,Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bettina Ryll
- Melanoma Patient Network Europe, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marcel L Bouvy
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, University Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Wim G Goettsch
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, University Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,National Health Care Institute, Diemen, Netherlands
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48
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Hashimoto M, Konda JD, Perrino S, Celia Fernandez M, Lowy AM, Brodt P. Targeting the IGF-Axis Potentiates Immunotherapy for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Liver Metastases by Altering the Immunosuppressive Microenvironment. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:2469-2482. [PMID: 34552012 PMCID: PMC8677570 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive malignancy, resistant to chemotherapy and associated with high incidence of liver metastases and poor prognosis. Using murine models of aggressive PDAC, we show here that in mice bearing hepatic metastases, treatment with the IGF-Trap, an inhibitor of type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) signaling, profoundly altered the local, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in the liver, curtailing the recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, reversing innate immune cell polarization and inhibiting metastatic expansion. Significantly, we found that immunotherapy with anti-PD-1 antibodies also reduced the growth of experimental PDAC liver metastases, and this effect was enhanced when combined with IGF-Trap treatment, resulting in further potentiation of a T-cell response. Our results show that a combinatorial immunotherapy based on dual targeting of the prometastatic immune microenvironment of the liver via IGF blockade, on one hand, and reversing T-cell exhaustion on the other, can provide a significant therapeutic benefit in the management of PDAC metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Hashimoto
- Department of Surgery, McGill University and the Cancer Program of the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - John David Konda
- Department of Surgery, McGill University and the Cancer Program of the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stephanie Perrino
- Department of Surgery, McGill University and the Cancer Program of the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maria Celia Fernandez
- Department of Surgery, McGill University and the Cancer Program of the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrew M Lowy
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Moores Cancer Centre at UC San Diego Health, La Jolla, California
| | - Pnina Brodt
- Department of Surgery, McGill University and the Cancer Program of the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, McGill University and the Cancer Program of the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University and the Cancer Program of the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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49
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Davari DR, Orlow I, Kanetsky PA, Luo L, Edmiston SN, Conway K, Parrish EA, Hao H, Busam KJ, Sharma A, Kricker A, Cust AE, Anton-Culver H, Gruber SB, Gallagher RP, Zanetti R, Rosso S, Sacchetto L, Dwyer T, Ollila DW, Begg CB, Berwick M, Thomas NE. Disease-Associated Risk Variants in ANRIL Are Associated with Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Presence in Primary Melanomas in the Population-Based GEM Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 30:2309-2316. [PMID: 34607836 PMCID: PMC8643342 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-0686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies have reported that genetic variation at ANRIL (CDKN2B-AS1) is associated with risk of several chronic diseases including coronary artery disease, coronary artery calcification, myocardial infarction, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. ANRIL is located at the CDKN2A/B locus, which encodes multiple melanoma tumor suppressors. We investigated the association of these variants with melanoma prognostic characteristics. METHODS The Genes, Environment, and Melanoma Study enrolled 3,285 European origin participants with incident invasive primary melanoma. For each of ten disease-associated SNPs at or near ANRIL, we used linear and logistic regression modeling to estimate, respectively, the per allele mean changes in log of Breslow thickness and ORs for presence of ulceration and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). We also assessed effect modification by tumor NRAS/BRAF mutational status. RESULTS Rs518394, rs10965215, and rs564398 passed false discovery and were each associated (P ≤ 0.005) with TILs, although only rs564398 was independently associated (P = 0.0005) with TILs. Stratified by NRAS/BRAF mutational status, rs564398*A was significantly positively associated with TILs among NRAS/BRAF mutant, but not wild-type, cases. We did not find SNP associations with Breslow thickness or ulceration. CONCLUSIONS ANRIL rs564398 was associated with TIL presence in primary melanomas, and this association may be limited to NRAS/BRAF-mutant cases. IMPACT Pathways related to ANRIL variants warrant exploration in relationship to TILs in melanoma, especially given the impact of TILs on immunotherapy and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle R. Davari
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Irene Orlow
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Peter A. Kanetsky
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Li Luo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Sharon N. Edmiston
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kathleen Conway
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Eloise A. Parrish
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Honglin Hao
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Klaus J. Busam
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ajay Sharma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Anne Kricker
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anne E. Cust
- Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, Australia
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | | | - Richard P. Gallagher
- BC Cancer and Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Roberto Zanetti
- Piedmont Cancer Registry, Centre for Epidemiology and Prevention in Oncology in Piedmont, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Rosso
- Piedmont Cancer Registry, Centre for Epidemiology and Prevention in Oncology in Piedmont, Turin, Italy
| | - Lidia Sacchetto
- Piedmont Cancer Registry, Centre for Epidemiology and Prevention in Oncology in Piedmont, Turin, Italy
| | - Terence Dwyer
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- The Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David W. Ollila
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Colin B. Begg
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Marianne Berwick
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Nancy E. Thomas
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Amabile S, Roccuzzo G, Pala V, Tonella L, Rubatto M, Merli M, Fava P, Ribero S, Fierro MT, Queirolo P, Quaglino P. Clinical Significance of Distant Metastasis-Free Survival (DMFS) in Melanoma: A Narrative Review from Adjuvant Clinical Trials. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10235475. [PMID: 34884176 PMCID: PMC8658595 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is the most dangerous skin cancer, with high death rates in advanced stages. To assess the impact of each treatment on patient outcomes, most studies use relapse-free survival (RFS) as a primary endpoint and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) as a secondary endpoint. The aim of this narrative review of the main adjuvant studies for resected stage III/IV melanoma, with a specific focus on DMFS, is to evaluate DMFS trends and their potential association with RFS, identify which treatments are possibly associated with better outcomes in terms of DMFS and their potential predictive factors, and discuss DMFS trends in terms of patient management in daily practice. We outline the impact of each available treatment option on DMFS and RFS according to the years of follow-up and compare data from different studies. Overall, the trends of DMFS closely follow those of RFS, with most patients relapsing at visceral rather than regional sites. As it captures the burden of patients who develop distant relapse, DMFS could be considered a primary endpoint, in addition to RFS, in adjuvant trials, identifying patients whose relapse is associated with a worse prognosis and who may need further systemic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Amabile
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (S.A.); (V.P.); (L.T.); (M.R.); (M.M.); (P.F.); (S.R.); (M.T.F.); (P.Q.)
| | - Gabriele Roccuzzo
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (S.A.); (V.P.); (L.T.); (M.R.); (M.M.); (P.F.); (S.R.); (M.T.F.); (P.Q.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-01-1633-5843
| | - Valentina Pala
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (S.A.); (V.P.); (L.T.); (M.R.); (M.M.); (P.F.); (S.R.); (M.T.F.); (P.Q.)
| | - Luca Tonella
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (S.A.); (V.P.); (L.T.); (M.R.); (M.M.); (P.F.); (S.R.); (M.T.F.); (P.Q.)
| | - Marco Rubatto
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (S.A.); (V.P.); (L.T.); (M.R.); (M.M.); (P.F.); (S.R.); (M.T.F.); (P.Q.)
| | - Martina Merli
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (S.A.); (V.P.); (L.T.); (M.R.); (M.M.); (P.F.); (S.R.); (M.T.F.); (P.Q.)
| | - Paolo Fava
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (S.A.); (V.P.); (L.T.); (M.R.); (M.M.); (P.F.); (S.R.); (M.T.F.); (P.Q.)
| | - Simone Ribero
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (S.A.); (V.P.); (L.T.); (M.R.); (M.M.); (P.F.); (S.R.); (M.T.F.); (P.Q.)
| | - Maria Teresa Fierro
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (S.A.); (V.P.); (L.T.); (M.R.); (M.M.); (P.F.); (S.R.); (M.T.F.); (P.Q.)
| | - Paola Queirolo
- Division of Medical Oncology for Melanoma, Sarcoma, and Rare Tumors, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), European Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Pietro Quaglino
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (S.A.); (V.P.); (L.T.); (M.R.); (M.M.); (P.F.); (S.R.); (M.T.F.); (P.Q.)
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