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Asghar MS, Denic A, Rule AD. Morphometric analysis of chronicity on kidney biopsy: a useful prognostic exercise. Clin Kidney J 2024; 17:sfad226. [PMID: 38327281 PMCID: PMC10849190 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfad226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic changes on kidney biopsy specimens include increasing amounts of arteriosclerosis, glomerulosclerosis, interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy, enlarged nephron size, and reduced nephron number. These chronic changes are difficult to accurately assess by visual inspection but are reasonably quantified using morphometry. This review describes the various patient populations that have undergone morphometric analysis of kidney biopsies. The common approaches to morphometric analysis are described. The chronic kidney disease outcomes associated with various chronic changes by morphometry are also summarized. Morphometry enriches the characterization of chronicity on a kidney biopsy and this can supplement the pathologist's diagnosis. Artificial intelligence image processing tools are needed to automate the annotations needed for practical morphometric analysis of kidney biopsy specimens in routine clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad S Asghar
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Aleksandar Denic
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andrew D Rule
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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2
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Mallén A, Rodriguez-Urquia R, Alvarez R, Dorca-Duch E, Navarro E, Hueso M. Sex Differences in Glomerular Lesions, in Atherosclerosis Progression, and in the Response to Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in the ApoE -/- Mice Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13442. [PMID: 37686247 PMCID: PMC10487579 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study analyzes sex-based differences in renal structure and the response to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitor enalapril in a mouse model of atherosclerosis. Eight weeks old ApoE-/- mice received enalapril (5 mg/kg/day, subcutaneous) or PBS (control) for an additional 14 weeks. Each group consisted of six males and six females. Females exhibited elevated LDL-cholesterol levels, while males presented higher creatinine levels and proteinuria. Enalapril effectively reduced blood pressure in both groups, but proteinuria decreased significantly only in females. Plaque size analysis and assessment of kidney inflammation revealed no significant sex-based differences. However, males displayed more severe glomerular injury, with increased mesangial expansion, mesangiolysis, glomerular foam cells, and activated parietal epithelial cells (PECs). Enalapril mitigated mesangial expansion, glomerular inflammation (particularly in the female group), and hypertrophy of the PECs in males. This study demonstrates sex-based differences in the response to enalapril in a mouse model of atherosclerosis. Males exhibited more severe glomerular injury, while enalapril provided renal protection, particularly in females. These findings suggest potential sex-specific considerations for ACE inhibitor therapy in chronic kidney disease and atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanism behind these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Mallén
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (A.M.); (E.N.)
| | - Ronny Rodriguez-Urquia
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (R.R.-U.); (R.A.)
| | - Rafael Alvarez
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (R.R.-U.); (R.A.)
| | - Eduard Dorca-Duch
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
| | - Estanis Navarro
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (A.M.); (E.N.)
| | - Miguel Hueso
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (A.M.); (E.N.)
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (R.R.-U.); (R.A.)
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3
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Sexual dimorphism in acute myocardial infarction-induced acute kidney injury: cardiorenal deteriorating effects of ovariectomy in premenopausal female mice. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:47-63. [PMID: 36519413 PMCID: PMC9816372 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in both males and females, increasing mortality rate substantially. Premenopausal females appear to be more protected, suggesting a potential protective role of female sex hormones. Here, we tested the hypothesis that ovariectomy (OVX) eliminates the beneficial effect of female sex on renal protection following acute myocardial infarction (MI). Seven days post-MI, both sexes exhibited worsened kidney function and a substantial decrease in total kidney NAD levels. Unlike MI female mice, MI males showed exacerbated morphological alterations with increased proinflammatory, proapoptotic, and profibrotic biomarkers. The expression of NAD+ biosynthetic enzymes NAMPT and NMRK-1 was increased in MI females only, while males showed a substantial increase in NAD+ consuming enzyme PARP-1. OVX did not eliminate the female-sex protection of glomerular morphology but was associated with swelling of proximal convoluted tubules with MI as in males. With OVX, MI females had enhanced proinflammatory cytokine release, and a further decrease in creatinine clearance and urine output was observed. Our findings suggest that MI induced AKI in both sexes with pre-menopausal female mice being more protected. Ovariectomy worsens aspects of AKI in females after MI, which may portend increased risk for development of chronic kidney disease.
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Immunopathology of Renal Tissue in Fatal Cases of Dengue in Children. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121543. [PMID: 36558877 PMCID: PMC9785549 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection represents a worldwide public health concern and can cause damage to multiple organs, including the kidney. In this work, we investigated the histopathological changes caused by dengue virus infection along with the detection of inflammatory mediators, cytokines, and cell expression patterns in the renal tissue of three fatal cases in children. Hematoxylin and Eosin staining was performed to analyze these histopathological changes. Immunohistochemistry allowed for the detection of immunological inflammatory markers in renal tissues that were quantified and further analyzed. Vascular congestion, edema and glomerular infiltrate were observed in the three cases, in addition to the thickening of the matrix area around the glomerular capillaries and mononuclear infiltrate associated with vascular congestion in the medullary region. The renal tissues exhibited collagen deposition and high expression of CD68+ Mø, CD8+ T, CD56+ cells and MMP-9, and the cytokine profile was mainly characterized by the expression of IFN-γ and TNF-α. Additionally, the expression of RANTES, VEGFR-2 and VCAM-1 were observed. The replication of DENV was evidenced by the detection of the NS3 protein. These results contributed to clarifying the main factors that may be involved in changes in the renal tissue of fatal cases of dengue in children.
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Cuevas-Magaña MY, Vega-García CC, León-Contreras JC, Hernández-Pando R, Zazueta C, García-Niño WR. Ellagic acid ameliorates hexavalent chromium-induced renal toxicity by attenuating oxidative stress, suppressing TNF-α and protecting mitochondria. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 454:116242. [PMID: 36108929 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nephrotoxicity is an important adverse effect of oxidative stress induced by hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)]. The effect of ellagic acid, a dietary polyphenolic compound with potent antioxidant activity, was investigated in Cr(VI)-induced kidney injury. Six groups of male Wistar rats were treated intragastrically with vehicle or ellagic acid (15 and 30 mg/kg) for 10 days. On day 10, rats received saline or Cr(VI) (K2Cr2O7 15 mg/kg) subcutaneously. Cr(VI) significantly increased kidney weight, affected kidney function assessed by biomarkers in blood and urine (protein, creatinine and urea nitrogen), caused histological changes (tubular injury and glomerular capillary tuft damage), increased markers of oxidative stress and reduced the activity of antioxidant enzymes. In addition, Cr(VI) altered mitochondrial ultrastructure, impaired mitochondrial respiration, increased lipid peroxidation, and inhibited the function of mitochondrial enzymes. Pretreatment with ellagic acid (30 mg/kg) attenuated all the aforementioned alterations. Furthermore, we explored whether ellagic acid might regulate the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)/receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) pathway, reducing Cr(VI)-induced tubular necrosis. Cr(VI) upregulated both TNF-α and RIPK3, but ellagic acid only decreased TNF-α levels, having no effect on RIPK3 content. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms through which Cr(VI) promotes necroptosis is crucial for future studies, in order to design strategies to mitigate kidney damage. In conclusion, ellagic acid attenuated Cr(VI)-induced renal alterations by preventing oxidative stress, supporting enzymatic activities, suppressing TNF-α, and preserving mitochondrial ultrastructure and function, most likely due to its antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Yael Cuevas-Magaña
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Claudia Cecilia Vega-García
- Department of Biology of Reproduction, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City 14000, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos León-Contreras
- Experimental Pathology Section. National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City 14000, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Experimental Pathology Section. National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City 14000, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Zazueta
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Wylly Ramsés García-Niño
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
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Alasmari WA, Hosny S, Fouad H, Quthami KA, Althobiany EAM, Faruk EM. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Involved in Adipose-derived stem cell and their extracellular vesicles in an Experimental Model of Cardio- renal Syndrome type 3: Histological and Biochemical Study. Tissue Cell 2022; 77:101842. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sikora-Jasinska M, Morath LM, Kwesiga MP, Plank ME, Nelson AL, Oliver AA, Bocks ML, Guillory RJ, Goldman J. In-vivo evaluation of molybdenum as bioabsorbable stent candidate. Bioact Mater 2022; 14:262-271. [PMID: 35310360 PMCID: PMC8897701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable stents have tremendous theoretical potential as an alternative to bare metal stents and drug-eluting stents for the treatment of obstructive coronary artery disease. Any bioresorbable or biodegradable scaffold material needs to possess optimal mechanical properties and uniform degradation behavior that avoids local and systemic toxicity. Recently, molybdenum (Mo) has been investigated as a potential novel biodegradable material for this purpose. With its proven moderate degradation rate and excellent mechanical properties, Mo may represent an ideal source material for clinical cardiac and vascular applications. The present study was performed to evaluate the mechanical performance of metallic Mo in vitro and the biodegradation properties in vivo. The results demonstrated favorable mechanical behavior and a uniform degradation profile as desired for a new generation ultra-thin degradable endovascular stent material. Moreover, Mo implants in mouse arteries avoided the typical cellular response that contributes to restenosis. There was minimal neointimal hyperplasia over 6 months, an absence of excessive smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation or inflammation near the implant, and avoidance of significant harm to regenerating endothelial cells (EC). Qualitative inspection of kidney sections showed a potentially pathological remodeling of kidney Bowman's capsule and glomeruli, indicative of impaired filtering function and development of kidney disease, although quantifications of these morphological changes were not statistically significant. Together, the results suggest that the products of Mo corrosion may exert beneficial or inert effects on the activities of inflammatory and arterial cells, while exerting potentially toxic effects in the kidneys that warrant further investigation. Mo implants in mouse arteries avoided neointimal hyperplasia over 6 months. Quantification of CD31-labeled arterial sections showed an avoidance of significant harm to regenerating endothelial cells for the Mo implants. Qualitative inspection of kidney sections showed a potential pathological remodeling, indicative of possible impaired filtering function.
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Sutherland MR, Malik W, Nguyen VB, Tran V, Polglase GR, Black MJ. Renal morphology and glomerular capillarisation in young adult sheep born moderately preterm. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2021; 12:975-981. [PMID: 33300490 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420001208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth (delivery <37 weeks of gestation) is associated with impaired glomerular capillary growth in neonates; if this persists, it may be a contributing factor in the increased risk of hypertension and chronic kidney disease in people born preterm. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine the long-term impact of preterm birth on renal morphology, in adult sheep. Singleton male sheep were delivered moderately preterm at 132 days (~0.9) of gestation (n = 6) or at term (147 days gestation; n = 6) and euthanised at 14.5 months of age (early adulthood). Stereological methods were used to determine mean renal corpuscle and glomerular volumes, and glomerular capillary length and surface area, in the outer, mid and inner regions of the renal cortex. Glomerulosclerosis and interstitial collagen levels were assessed histologically. By 14.5 months of age, there was no difference between the term and preterm sheep in body or kidney weight. Renal corpuscle volume was significantly larger in the preterm sheep than the term sheep, with the preterm sheep exhibiting enlarged Bowman's spaces; however, there was no difference in glomerular volume between groups, with no impact of preterm birth on capillary length or surface area per glomerulus. There was also no difference in interstitial collagen levels or glomerulosclerosis index between groups. Findings suggest that moderate preterm birth does not adversely affect glomerular structure in early adulthood. The enlarged Bowman's space in the renal corpuscles of the preterm sheep kidneys, however, is of concern and merits further research into its cause and functional consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R Sutherland
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology and the Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Waleed Malik
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology and the Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vivian B Nguyen
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology and the Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vivian Tran
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology and the Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graeme R Polglase
- The Ritchie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University and the Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mary Jane Black
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology and the Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Haruhara K, Sasaki T, de Zoysa N, Okabayashi Y, Kanzaki G, Yamamoto I, Harper IS, Puelles VG, Shimizu A, Cullen-McEwen LA, Tsuboi N, Yokoo T, Bertram JF. Podometrics in Japanese Living Donor Kidneys: Associations with Nephron Number, Age, and Hypertension. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:1187-1199. [PMID: 33627345 PMCID: PMC8259686 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020101486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Podocyte depletion, low nephron number, aging, and hypertension are associated with glomerulosclerosis and CKD. However, the relationship between podometrics and nephron number has not previously been examined. METHODS To investigate podometrics and nephron number in healthy Japanese individuals, a population characterized by a relatively low nephron number, we immunostained single paraffin sections from 30 Japanese living-kidney donors (median age, 57 years) with podocyte-specific markers and analyzed images obtained with confocal microscopy. We used model-based stereology to estimate podometrics, and a combined enhanced-computed tomography/biopsy-specimen stereology method to estimate nephron number. RESULTS The median number of nonsclerotic nephrons per kidney was 659,000 (interquartile range [IQR], 564,000-825,000). The median podocyte number and podocyte density were 518 (IQR, 428-601) per tuft and 219 (IQR, 180-253) per 106μm3, respectively; these values are similar to those previously reported for other races. Total podocyte number per kidney (obtained by multiplying the individual number of nonsclerotic glomeruli by podocyte number per glomerulus) was 376 million (IQR, 259-449 million) and ranged 7.4-fold between donors. On average, these healthy kidneys lost 5.63 million podocytes per kidney per year, with most of this loss associated with glomerular loss resulting from global glomerulosclerosis, rather than podocyte loss from healthy glomeruli. Hypertension was associated with lower podocyte density and larger podocyte volume, independent of age. CONCLUSIONS Estimation of the number of nephrons, podocytes, and other podometric parameters in individual kidneys provides new insights into the relationships between these parameters, age, and hypertension in the kidney. This approach might be of considerable value in evaluating the kidney in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Haruhara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaya Sasaki
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natasha de Zoysa
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yusuke Okabayashi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Go Kanzaki
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Izumi Yamamoto
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ian S. Harper
- Monash Micro Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Victor G. Puelles
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia,III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Luise A. Cullen-McEwen
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nobuo Tsuboi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yokoo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - John F. Bertram
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Kashif A, Verma N, Verma S, Boruah D, Sahu R, Kalra S, Malik A. Utility of glomerular morphometry in diagnosing pediatric renal disease. Med J Armed Forces India 2021; 77:194-199. [PMID: 33867637 PMCID: PMC8042504 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morphometry has now become a useful adjunct to the diagnostic armamentarium of light, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy, as it provides a deep insight into quantitative parameters of nephropathies. There has been a limited study on its utility especially in diagnosing pediatric renal diseases. This study is probably the first in India to assess the contribution of this diagnostic modality in pediatric renal disease to the best of authors' knowledge. METHODS It's a retrospective cross-sectional study covering a period of 05 years at a tertiary care hospital. The study includes 28 cases of pediatric (age till 14 years) nephropathies. The diseases were divided into two groups-nephrotic presentation and nephritic presentation. Glomerular morphometry was performed and mean was calculated for Bowman's capsule area, glomerular capillary tuft area, and Bowman's space area; for the three groups, respectively. Renal parameters serum creatinine, blood urea, 24 h urine protein were studied along with hemoglobin and serum cholesterol for the cases. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 25, for one-way ANOVA comparing mean in the three groups. RESULTS We found a positive and significant correlation between Bowman's capsule area with proteinuria, blood urea, and serum creatinine. There was positive and significant correlation between glomerular capillary tuft area and serum creatinine and Bowman's space area and proteinuria in both the groups. CONCLUSION Glomerular morphometry may contribute to the diagnosis of some glomerulopathies and the association between glomerular morphometric parameters and laboratory data may promote better understanding of the prognosis of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.W. Kashif
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Armed Forces Medical College, India
| | - Nisha Verma
- Resident, Department of Pathology, Armed Forces Medical College, India
| | - Shipra Verma
- Resident, Department of Pathology, Armed Forces Medical College, India
| | - Dibyajyoti Boruah
- Scientist ‘E’, Department of Pathology, Armed Forces Medical College, India
| | - Rajesh Sahu
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, India
| | - Suprita Kalra
- Classified Specialist (Paediatrics), Army Hospital (R&R), New Delhi, India
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Tiyasatkulkovit W, Aksornthong S, Adulyaritthikul P, Upanan P, Wongdee K, Aeimlapa R, Teerapornpuntakit J, Rojviriya C, Panupinthu N, Charoenphandhu N. Excessive salt consumption causes systemic calcium mishandling and worsens microarchitecture and strength of long bones in rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1850. [PMID: 33473159 PMCID: PMC7817681 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81413-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive salt intake has been associated with the development of non-communicable diseases, including hypertension with several cardiovascular consequences. Although the detrimental effects of high salt on the skeleton have been reported, longitudinal assessment of calcium balance together with changes in bone microarchitecture and strength under salt loading has not been fully demonstrated. To address these unanswered issues, male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed normal salt diet (NSD; 0.8% NaCl) or high salt diet (HSD; 8% NaCl) for 5 months. Elevation of blood pressure, cardiac hypertrophy and glomerular deterioration were observed in HSD, thus validating the model. The balance studies were performed to monitor calcium input and output upon HSD challenge. The HSD-induced increase in calcium losses in urine and feces together with reduced fractional calcium absorption led to a decrease in calcium retention. With these calcium imbalances, we therefore examined microstructural changes of long bones of the hind limbs. Using the synchrotron radiation x-ray tomographic microscopy, we showed that trabecular structure of tibia and femur of HSD displayed a marked increase in porosity. Consistently, the volumetric micro-computed tomography also demonstrated a significant decrease in trabecular bone mineral density with expansion of endosteal perimeter in the tibia. Interestingly, bone histomorphometric analyses indicated that salt loading caused an increase in osteoclast number together with decreases in osteoblast number and osteoid volume. This uncoupling process of bone remodeling in HSD might underlie an accelerated bone loss and bone structural changes. In conclusion, long-term excessive salt consumption leads to impairment of skeletal mass and integrity possibly through negative calcium balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wacharaporn Tiyasatkulkovit
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand ,grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Sirion Aksornthong
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand ,grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Punyanuch Adulyaritthikul
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand ,grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Pornpailin Upanan
- grid.411825.b0000 0000 9482 780XFaculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131 Thailand
| | - Kannikar Wongdee
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand ,grid.411825.b0000 0000 9482 780XFaculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131 Thailand
| | - Ratchaneevan Aeimlapa
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand ,grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Jarinthorn Teerapornpuntakit
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand ,grid.412029.c0000 0000 9211 2704Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000 Thailand
| | - Catleya Rojviriya
- grid.472685.aSynchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000 Thailand
| | - Nattapon Panupinthu
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand ,grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Narattaphol Charoenphandhu
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand ,grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand ,grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170 Thailand ,The Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Dusit, Bangkok, 10300 Thailand
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12
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Differential effects of sodium chloride and monosodium glutamate on kidney of adult and aging mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:481. [PMID: 33436880 PMCID: PMC7804302 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80048-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) is used as flavour enhancer, with potential beneficial effects due to its nutritional value. Given the decline in kidney functions during aging, we investigated the impact of MSG voluntary intake on the kidney of male mice, aged 6 or 18 months. For 2 months, they freely consumed water (control group), sodium chloride (0.3% NaCl) or MSG (1% MSG) in addition to standard diet. Young animals consuming sodium chloride presented signs of proteinuria, hyperfiltration, enhanced expression and excretion of Aquaporin 2 and initial degenerative reactions suggestive of fibrosis, while MSG-consuming mice were similar to controls. In old mice, aging-related effects including proteinuria and increased renal corpuscle volume were observed in all groups. At an advanced age, MSG caused no adverse effects on the kidney compared to controls, despite the presence of a sodium moiety, similar to sodium chloride. These data show that prolonged MSG intake in mice has less impact on kidney compared to sodium chloride, that already in young animals induced some effects on kidney, possibly related to hypertension.
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Sun Y, Zhu Z, Weng S, He J, Dong C. Characterization of a highly lethal barramundi (Lates calcarifer) model of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida infection. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104516. [PMID: 32971158 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas plecoglossicida is a highly lethal causative agent associated with severe economic losses in aquaculture industry. P. plecoglossicida has been documented as a highly alarming pathogen in a wide variety of freshwater cultured fish including ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and pejerrey (Odontesthes bonariensis), and marine cultured fish such as large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) and orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) etc. Fish infected with P. plecoglossicida usually exhibited various symptoms, including lethargy, inappetence, disorientation, abdominal swelling with severe ascites and numerous white spots covered on the surface of spleen tissue. In present study, barramundi, zebrafish, spotted seabass and mandarinfish were investigated as potential hosts of P. plecoglossicida. Among them, barramundi was confirmed the most sensitive host fish species for P. plecoglossicida infection. Dynamic histopathology revealed that P. plecoglossicida caused various histopathological effects to barramundi: a) spleen: granulomas appeared at 2 days post infection (dpi) and matured at 4 dpi; b) liver: steatosis at 1 dpi and fat necrosis over time, and damaged the most compared to spleens and metanephros; c) metanephros: Bowman capsule space became larger and glomerulus shrank were even collapsed at 1 dpi; d) ascites: either bacterium or melanin were wrapped in cells from ascites. All these results indicated that P. plecoglossicida could cause systemic diseases with typical clinical sighs to barramundi and would be an alarming pathogen to barramundi industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, PR China; Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Zhiming Zhu
- Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Shaoping Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, PR China; Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Jianguo He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, PR China; Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Chuanfu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, PR China; Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China.
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Okabayashi Y, Tsuboi N, Sasaki T, Haruhara K, Kanzaki G, Koike K, Shimizu A, D'Agati VD, Yokoo T. Single-Nephron GFR in Patients With Obesity-Related Glomerulopathy. Kidney Int Rep 2020; 5:1218-1227. [PMID: 32775821 PMCID: PMC7403629 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG) is a slowly progressive kidney disease occurring in association with obesity. It is characterized histopathologically by glomerulomegaly, likely caused by single-nephron hyperfiltration that has not been demonstrated in humans because of technical difficulty in measuring single-nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) in the clinical setting. Methods Total glomerular number per kidney, with or without global glomerulosclerosis, was estimated by the combination of cortical volume assessment via unenhanced computed tomography and biopsy-based stereology. Mean glomerular volume was calculated from the measured area of glomerular tufts. Both SNGFR and single-nephron urinary protein excretion (SNUPE) were estimated by dividing values for estimated glomerular filtration rate and urinary protein excretion by the number of nonsclerotic glomeruli. Living kidney donors were used as healthy controls. Results A total of 48 ORG patients with average nonsclerotic glomerular numbers of 456,000 ± 235,000 per kidney were included. The values for SNGFR in ORG patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 1 and 2 were higher than for nonobese and obese controls (97 ± 43 vs. 59 ± 21 vs. 64 ± 21 nl/min, respectively, P = 0.001). Nonsclerotic glomerular number decreased with advancing stages of renal functional impairment. The presence of ORG with more advanced CKD stages was associated with lower SNGFR and marked elevation in SNUPE levels, with no difference in the mean glomerular volume between the stages. Conclusions These results provide functional evidence for single-nephron hyperfiltration in patients with ORG, and identify compensatory failure to maintain effective SNGFR as a feature of advanced-stage ORG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Okabayashi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuo Tsuboi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaya Sasaki
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Haruhara
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Go Kanzaki
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Koike
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Vivette D D'Agati
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Takashi Yokoo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Hering L, Rahman M, Hoch H, Markó L, Yang G, Reil A, Yakoub M, Gupta V, Potthoff SA, Vonend O, Ralph DL, Gurley SB, McDonough AA, Rump LC, Stegbauer J. α2A-Adrenoceptors Modulate Renal Sympathetic Neurotransmission and Protect against Hypertensive Kidney Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:783-798. [PMID: 32086277 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019060599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased nerve activity causes hypertension and kidney disease. Recent studies suggest that renal denervation reduces BP in patients with hypertension. Renal NE release is regulated by prejunctional α2A-adrenoceptors on sympathetic nerves, and α2A-adrenoceptors act as autoreceptors by binding endogenous NE to inhibit its own release. However, the role of α2A-adrenoceptors in the pathogenesis of hypertensive kidney disease is unknown. METHODS We investigated effects of α2A-adrenoceptor-regulated renal NE release on the development of angiotensin II-dependent hypertension and kidney disease. In uninephrectomized wild-type and α2A-adrenoceptor-knockout mice, we induced hypertensive kidney disease by infusing AngII for 28 days. RESULTS Urinary NE excretion and BP did not differ between normotensive α2A-adrenoceptor-knockout mice and wild-type mice at baseline. However, NE excretion increased during AngII treatment, with the knockout mice displaying NE levels that were significantly higher than those of wild-type mice. Accordingly, the α2A-adrenoceptor-knockout mice exhibited a systolic BP increase, which was about 40 mm Hg higher than that found in wild-type mice, and more extensive kidney damage. In isolated kidneys, AngII-enhanced renal nerve stimulation induced NE release and pressor responses to a greater extent in kidneys from α2A-adrenoceptor-knockout mice. Activation of specific sodium transporters accompanied the exaggerated hypertensive BP response in α2A-adrenoceptor-deficient kidneys. These effects depend on renal nerves, as demonstrated by reduced severity of AngII-mediated hypertension and improved kidney function observed in α2A-adrenoceptor-knockout mice after renal denervation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal a protective role of prejunctional inhibitory α2A-adrenoceptors in pathophysiologic conditions with an activated renin-angiotensin system, such as hypertensive kidney disease, and support the concept of sympatholytic therapy as a treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Hering
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Masudur Rahman
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Henning Hoch
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lajos Markó
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Charité Medical Faculty Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Annika Reil
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mina Yakoub
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Vikram Gupta
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Sebastian A Potthoff
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Oliver Vonend
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Nierenzentrum, DKD Helios Medical Center, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Donna L Ralph
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Susan B Gurley
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Alicia A McDonough
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Lars C Rump
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes Stegbauer
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany;
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Wahyuningsih SPA, Savira NII, Anggraini DW, Winarni D, Suhargo L, Kusuma BWA, Nindyasari F, Setianingsih N, Mwendolwa AA. Antioxidant and Nephroprotective Effects of Okra Pods Extract ( Abelmoschus esculentus L.) against Lead Acetate-Induced Toxicity in Mice. SCIENTIFICA 2020; 2020:4237205. [PMID: 32318309 PMCID: PMC7150703 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4237205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we determine the curative effects of okra pods (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) extract against lead acetate toxicity in mice kidney. n-Hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol solvent were used for extracting okra pods. The role of the extract as an antioxidant was tested by DPPH and FRAP methods. The methanol extract was used for experiments in animals. A total of 30 male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into six equal groups: normal control, negative control (lead-induced), and treatment groups (lead-induced for 28 days and administration of methanol extract at doses of 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW for the 28 days). The following were analyzed in all groups: activity of the antioxidant enzymes, namely, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT); oxidant level, namely, malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO); and markers of kidney injury, namely, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cre). Kidney histopathology was also evaluated. This study showed that the methanol extract showed the highest antioxidant activity (IC50 is 35.21 µg/mL, and FRAP is 57.58 µM Fe2+/g). The CAT and SOD activities increased significantly in okra-treated groups (P < 0.05). The okra administration groups experienced a significant decrease in MDA, NO, BUN, and Cre levels (P < 0.05). Thickness of the epithelial proximal tubule, diameter of the proximal tubule, and percentage of necrotic cells in proximal tubule decreased, but the diameter ratio of glomerular Bowman's capsule in mice treated with okra was optimally improved and repaired like normal control (P < 0.05). The results of this study reveal that methanol extract has a very strong antioxidant effect and can reduce the influence of toxicity induced by lead acetate in mice kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadyatul Ilma Indah Savira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
- Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Jember, Jember, East Java 68121, Indonesia
| | - Devinta Wahyu Anggraini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Winarni
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Listijani Suhargo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | | | - Faradita Nindyasari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Nur Setianingsih
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Adamu Ayubu Mwendolwa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
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Haruhara K, Tsuboi N, Sasaki T, Amano H, Tanaka M, Koike K, Kanzaki G, Okabayashi Y, Miyazaki Y, Ogura M, Yokoo T. Volume Ratio of Glomerular Tufts to Bowman Capsules and Renal Outcomes in Nephrosclerosis. Am J Hypertens 2019; 32:45-53. [PMID: 30358804 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpy147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concomitant appearance of glomerular collapse and enlargement is characteristic of the histological findings in nephrosclerosis. However, no previous study quantitatively examined the clinicopathological significance of this feature in patients with biopsy-proven nephrosclerosis. METHODS Renal biopsy specimens and follow-up data from nephrosclerosis patients with estimated glomerular filtration rates >30 ml/min/1.73 m2 at diagnosis were retrospectively reviewed. Mean volumes for glomerular tufts (GV) and Bowman capsules (BV) were separately calculated, based on the measurement of all areas of glomerular tufts and Bowman capsules in a cross-section of biopsy specimens. The G/B ratio was defined as the ratio of GV to BV. The doubling of serum creatinine levels (DSC) and the initiation of renal replacement therapies (end-stage renal disease (ESRD)) were examined as renal outcome indices. RESULTS A total of 67 patients with biopsy-proven nephrosclerosis were included. Clinicopathological findings at biopsy, other than GV, were comparable among all patients, irrespective of G/B ratio. Overall, 25 patients (37%) developed DSC and 9 (13%) developed ESRD during the median observation periods of 7.8 and 8.5 years, respectively. Renal survival curve analyses indicated a significantly worse prognosis for patients with a low G/B ratio, as compared with those with a high G/B ratio. Cox hazard analyses for DSC identified low G/B ratio as a significant predictor, but not low GV or BV. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the quantitative evaluation of G/B ratio may detect subtle abnormalities in the glomerulus, indicating the subsequent renal outcomes of nephrosclerosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Haruhara
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuo Tsuboi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaya Sasaki
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hoichi Amano
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mai Tanaka
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Koike
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Go Kanzaki
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okabayashi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Miyazaki
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Ogura
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yokoo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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