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Huang W, Liu S, Zhang T, Wu H, Pu S. Bibliometric analysis and systematic review of electrochemical methods for environmental remediation. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 144:113-136. [PMID: 38802224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical methods are increasingly favored for remediating polluted environments due to their environmental compatibility and reagent-saving features. However, a comprehensive understanding of recent progress, mechanisms, and trends in these methods is currently lacking. Web of Science (WoS) databases were utilized for searching the primary data to understand the knowledge structure and research trends of publications on electrochemical methods and to unveil certain hotspots and future trends of electrochemical methods research. The original data were sampled from 9080 publications in those databases with the search deadline of June 1st, 2022. CiteSpace and VOSviewer software facilitated data visualization and analysis of document quantities, source journals, institutions, authors, and keywords. We discussed principles, influencing factors, and progress related to seven major electrochemical methods. Notably, publications on this subject have experienced significant growth since 2007. The most frequently-investigated areas in electrochemical methods included novel materials development, heavy metal remediation, organic pollutant degradation, and removal mechanism identification. "Advanced oxidation process" and "Nanocomposite" are currently trending topics. The major remediation mechanisms are adsorption, oxidation, and reduction. The efficiency of electrochemical systems is influenced by material properties, system configuration, electron transfer efficiency, and power density. Electro-Fenton exhibits significant advantages in achieving synergistic effects of anodic oxidation and electro-adsorption among the seven techniques. Future research should prioritize the improvement of electron transfer efficiency, the optimization of electrode materials, the exploration of emerging technology coupling, and the reduction in system operation and maintenance costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Huang
- College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Shibin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China; Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Formation Mechanism and Comprehensive Utilization of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in Qinghai Province, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Scientific Research Academy of Guangxi Environmental Protection, Nanning 530022, China.
| | - Shengyan Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China.
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Liu J, Meng X, Zhai L, Gao G, Jiang W, Zhang X. Electrochemical degradation of acrylic acid using Ti/Ta 2O 5-IrO 2 electrode. RSC Adv 2023; 13:17155-17165. [PMID: 37304781 PMCID: PMC10248716 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01997g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Acrylic acid (AA) is widely used as a raw material in the industrial production of various chemicals. Its extensive use has produced environmental problems that need to be solved. The Ti/Ta2O5-IrO2 electrode, a type of dimensionally stable anode, was used to investigate the electrochemical deterioration of AA. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that IrO2 existed as an active rutile crystal and as a TiO2-IrO2 solid solution in Ti/Ta2O5-IrO2 electrode with a corrosion potential of 0.212 V and chlorine evolution potential of 1.30 V. The effects of current density, plate spacing, electrolyte concentration, and initial concentration on the electrochemical degradation of AA were investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the ideal degradation conditions: current density 22.58 mA cm-2, plate spacing 2.11 cm, and electrolyte concentration 0.07 mol L-1, and the highest degradation rate reached was 95.6%. Free radical trapping experiment verified that reactive chlorine played a dominant role in the degradation of AA. The degradation intermediates were analyzed by GC-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrui Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 P. R. China
| | - Xiangxin Meng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 P. R. China
| | - Luwei Zhai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 P. R. China
| | - Guangfei Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 P. R. China
| | - Wenqiang Jiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 P. R. China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 P. R. China
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Yang X, Liu L, Wang Y, Lu T, Wang Z, Qiu G. Sustainable and reagent-free cathodic precipitation for high-efficiency removal of heavy metals from soil leachate. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 320:121002. [PMID: 36608733 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution of soils has become a serious environmental problem. Soil washing with degradable reagents is an effective remediation technique of heavy metal pollution, and the generated leachate must be appropriately treated before discharge. However, the existing methods usually have the problems of large consumption of regents, high cost, and secondary pollution. This study proposed a reagent-free electrochemical precipitation method to remove mixed heavy metal ions extracted from soils by citrate using inert electrodes (IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti anode and graphite cathode). The results showed that the low potential of cathode led to the electrodeposition of Cd; the local alkaline environment provided by electro-mediated water reduction caused the hydrolytic precipitation of Zn and Pb; and the precipitation of Fe washed out from Fe-rich soil resulted in the coprecipitation of As on cathode surface. These combined cathodic precipitation processes decreased the concentrations of toxic heavy metals by over 99.4% after 12 h of electrolysis at 26 mA cm-2. The electrodes exhibited high stability after multiple successive cycles of reuse. The concentrations of As, Zn, Pb and Cd in the leachate decreased to below the limits of industrial wastewater discharge in each cycle, and those in soils could be reduced by 53.8%, 58.8%, 25.5%, and 70.2% at the initial concentrations of 1549, 1016, 310 and 50 mg kg-1, respectively. The heavy metal removal rate increased with increasing current density in the range of 0-52 mA cm-2. This work provides an efficient and sustainable method for the remediation of site soils polluted by mixed heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Yang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lihu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Tao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guohong Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
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Santos MC, Antonin VS, Souza FM, Aveiro LR, Pinheiro VS, Gentil TC, Lima TS, Moura JPC, Silva CR, Lucchetti LEB, Codognoto L, Robles I, Lanza MRV. Decontamination of wastewater containing contaminants of emerging concern by electrooxidation and Fenton-based processes - A review on the relevance of materials and methods. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135763. [PMID: 35952792 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increasingly growing interest regarding the use of electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) which are considered highly promising alternative treatment techniques for addressing environmental issues related to pollutants of emerging concern. In EAOPs, electrogenerated oxidizing agents, such as hydroxyl radical (HO•), can react non-selectively with a wide range of organic compounds, degrading and mineralizing their structures to unharmful molecules like CO2, H2O, and inorganic ions. To this date, a broad spectrum of advanced electrocatalysts have been developed and applied for the treatment of compounds of interest in different matrices, specifically aiming at enhancing the degradation performance. New combined methods have also been employed as alternative treatment techniques targeted at circumventing the major obstacles encountered in Fenton-based processes, such as high costs and energy consumption, which still contribute significantly toward inhibiting the large-scale application of these processes. First, some fundamental aspects of EAOPs will be presented. Further, we will provide an overview of electrode materials which have been recently developed and reported in the literature, highlighting different anode and cathode structures employed in EAOPs, their main advantages and disadvantages, as well as their contribution to the performance of the treatment processes. The influence of operating parameters, such as initial concentrations, pH effect, temperature, supporting electrolyte, and radiation source, on the treatment processes were also studied. Finally, hybrid techniques which have been reported in the literature and critically assess the most recent techniques used for evaluating the degradation efficiency of the treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro C Santos
- Laboratory of Eletrochemistry and Nanostructured Materials (LEMN) Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), CEP: 09210-170, Rua Santa Adélia 166, Bairro Bangu, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa S Antonin
- Laboratory of Eletrochemistry and Nanostructured Materials (LEMN) Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), CEP: 09210-170, Rua Santa Adélia 166, Bairro Bangu, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe M Souza
- Laboratory of Eletrochemistry and Nanostructured Materials (LEMN) Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), CEP: 09210-170, Rua Santa Adélia 166, Bairro Bangu, Santo André, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Química, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, BR-153, Km 633, Zona Rural, CEP: 75650-000, Morrinhos, GO, Brazil
| | - Luci R Aveiro
- São Paulo Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Rua Pedro Vicente, 625, Canindé São Paulo, CEP: 01109-010, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor S Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Eletrochemistry and Nanostructured Materials (LEMN) Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), CEP: 09210-170, Rua Santa Adélia 166, Bairro Bangu, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Tuani C Gentil
- Laboratory of Eletrochemistry and Nanostructured Materials (LEMN) Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), CEP: 09210-170, Rua Santa Adélia 166, Bairro Bangu, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Thays S Lima
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Environmental Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Prof. Artur Riedel, n 275 - Jd. Eldorado, CEP: 09972-270, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - João P C Moura
- Laboratory of Eletrochemistry and Nanostructured Materials (LEMN) Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), CEP: 09210-170, Rua Santa Adélia 166, Bairro Bangu, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina R Silva
- Laboratory of Eletrochemistry and Nanostructured Materials (LEMN) Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), CEP: 09210-170, Rua Santa Adélia 166, Bairro Bangu, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Lanna E B Lucchetti
- Laboratory of Eletrochemistry and Nanostructured Materials (LEMN) Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), CEP: 09210-170, Rua Santa Adélia 166, Bairro Bangu, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucia Codognoto
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Environmental Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Prof. Artur Riedel, n 275 - Jd. Eldorado, CEP: 09972-270, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Irma Robles
- Center for Research and Technological Development in Electrochemistry, S.C., Parque Tecnológico Querétaro, 76703, Sanfandila, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Marcos R V Lanza
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry (IQSC), University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida Trabalhador São-carlense 400, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil
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Hao Y, Ma P, Ma H, Proietto F, Prestigiacomo C, Galia A, Scialdone O. Electrochemical treatment of synthetic wastewaters contaminated by organic pollutants at Ti4O7 anode: experimental results and theoretical modelling. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202101720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongyong Hao
- University of Palermo: Universita degli Studi di Palermo Ingegneria CHINA
| | - Pengfei Ma
- University of Palermo: Universita degli Studi di Palermo Ingegneria CHINA
| | - Hongrui Ma
- Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi\'an Campus: Shaanxi University of Science and Technology School of environmental science and technology CHINA
| | - Federica Proietto
- University of Palermo: Universita degli Studi di Palermo Ingegneria ITALY
| | | | - Alessandro Galia
- University of Palermo: Universita degli Studi di Palermo Ingegneria ITALY
| | - Onofrio Scialdone
- Università Ingegneria Chimica Gestionale Informatica Meccanica viale delle Scienze 90128 Palermo ITALY
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6
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Tian L, Zhuo Q, Lu J, Liu J, Xu X, You X, Xu M, Yang B, Niu J. Degradation of florfenicol in a flow-through electro-Fenton system enhanced by wood-derived block carbon (WBC) cathode. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.12.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Electrochemical advanced oxidation process of Phenazopyridine drug waste using different Ti-based IrO2-Ta2O5 anodes. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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8
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Fernández-Aguirre MG, Berenguer R, Beaumont S, Nuez M, La Rosa-Toro A, Peralta-Hernández JM, Morallón E. The generation of hydroxyl radicals and electro-oxidation of diclofenac on Pt-doped SnO2–Sb electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Pei S, Teng J, Ren N, You S. Low-Temperature Removal of Refractory Organic Pollutants by Electrochemical Oxidation: Role of Interfacial Joule Heating Effect. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:4573-4582. [PMID: 32159350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature presents a challenge to wastewater treatment in the winters of cold regions. In the electrochemical oxidation (EO) process, the interfacial Joule heating (IJH) effect results in interfacial temperature higher than that of bulk electrolytes, which would alleviate the negative impact of low water temperature on organic oxidation occurring within the boundary layer of the anode. This study investigated the electrochemical oxidation of the representative recalcitrant organic pollutant, i.e., phenol, p-chlorophenol (p-CP), and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on titanium suboxide (TiSO) anode at a low water temperature (8.5 ± 1 °C). At a low current density of 2 mA cm-2, the IJH effect was insignificant and thus had a slight impact on interfacial temperature, leading to a low-efficiency and incomplete organic removal via direct electron transfer (DET) oxidation. Increasing the current density to 20 mA cm-2 promoted the working up of the IJH effect and thus resulted in a dramatic increase in the interfacial temperature from 8.1 to 38.7 °C. This almost eliminated the negative impact of low temperature on the abatement of organic pollutants as though the low temperature of the bulk solution did not interact with interfacial reactions at all. This was indicated by the oxidation rates of 0.158 min-1 (phenol), 0.084 min-1 (p-CP), and 0.070 min-1 (2.4-D) at a temperature of 8.5 ± 1 °C, the values being almost comparable to that obtained at room temperature (23.5 ± 1 °C). Both theoretical and experimental results demonstrated that the extent to which the low- and room-temperature cases deviated from each other was positively correlated with the activation energy of organic pollutants when reacting with •OH. The improvement of organic oxidation at low temperature should result from the compensation of the IJH effect, giving rise to higher •OH reactivity, more activated organic molecules, and enhanced mass transfer. This study may prompt new possibilities to develop an IJH effect-based electrochemical manner for decentralized water decontamination in cold regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhao Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2603#, No. 73, Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
| | - Jie Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2603#, No. 73, Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2603#, No. 73, Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
| | - Shijie You
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2603#, No. 73, Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
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Wu D, Wu X, Zhang Y. A study on Ti anodic pretreatment for improving the stability of electrodeposited IrO2 electrode. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ye Z, Brillas E, Centellas F, Cabot PL, Sirés I. Expanding the application of photoelectro-Fenton treatment to urban wastewater using the Fe(III)-EDDS complex. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 169:115219. [PMID: 31689603 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the first investigation on the use of EDDS as chelating agent in photoelectro-Fenton (PEF) treatment of water at near-neutral pH. As a case study, the removal of the antidepressant fluoxetine was optimized, using an electrochemical cell composed of an IrO2-based anode an air-diffusion cathode for in-situ H2O2 production. Electrolytic trials at constant current were made in ultrapure water with different electrolytes, as well as in urban wastewater (secondary effluent) at pH 7.2. PEF with Fe(III)-EDDS (1:1) complex as catalyst outperformed electro-Fenton and PEF processes with uncomplexed Fe(II) or Fe(III). This can be explained by: (i) the larger solubilization of iron ions during the trials, favoring the production of •OH from Fenton-like reactions between H2O2 and Fe(II)-EDDS or Fe(III)-EDDS, and (ii) the occurrence of Fe(II) regeneration from Fe(III)-EDDS photoreduction, which was more efficient than conventional photo-Fenton reaction with uncomplexed Fe(III). The greatest drug concentration decays were achieved at low pH, using only 0.10 mM Fe(III)-EDDS, although complete removal in wastewater was feasible only with 0.20 mM Fe(III)-EDDS due to the greater formation of •OH. The effect of the applied current and anode nature was rather insignificant. A progressive destruction of the catalytic complex was unveiled, whereupon the mineralization mainly progressed thanks to the action of •OH adsorbed on the anode surface. Despite the incomplete mineralization using BDD as the anode, a remarkable toxicity decrease was determined. Fluoxetine degradation yielded F- and NO3- ions, along with several aromatic intermediates. These included two chloro-organics, as a result of the anodic oxidation of Cl- to active chlorine. A detailed mechanism for the Fe(III)-EDDS-catalyzed PEF treatment of fluoxetine in urban wastewater is finally proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Ye
- Laboratori d'Electroquímica dels Materials i del Medi Ambient, Departament de Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enric Brillas
- Laboratori d'Electroquímica dels Materials i del Medi Ambient, Departament de Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Centellas
- Laboratori d'Electroquímica dels Materials i del Medi Ambient, Departament de Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Lluís Cabot
- Laboratori d'Electroquímica dels Materials i del Medi Ambient, Departament de Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignasi Sirés
- Laboratori d'Electroquímica dels Materials i del Medi Ambient, Departament de Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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Wang G, Liu Y, Ye J, Lin Z, Yang X. Electrochemical oxidation of methyl orange by a Magnéli phase Ti 4O 7 anode. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 241:125084. [PMID: 31627111 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, high quality Magnéli phase Ti4O7 bulks with electrical conductivity up to 961.5 S cm-1 were successfully prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) and then served as electrode materials for electrochemical oxidation of azo dye methyl orange (MO). The influences of current density and initial dye concentration on the removal rates of MO and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were studied. Removal of MO and COD exhibited an increase with increasing current density and decreasing initial concentration of MO. Complete removal of MO was realized within a short time under all experimental conditions. The removal rate of COD reached 91.7% when current density was 10 mA cm-2 and initial dye concentration was 100 mg L-1. In addition, the electrochemical oxidation rate could be described through a pseudo-first-order kinetic constant k, and the obtained experimental results could be well fitted with a proposed kinetic model in all the examined conditions. Possible degradation mechanisms for electrochemical oxidation of MO by Ti4O7 electrode were proposed on the basis of intermediate products analysis. Tests were also conducted with other commercial electrodes for comparison, including commercial graphite, stainless-steel and dimension stable anode (DSA) electrodes. The results showed that Ti4O7 anode exhibited the fastest electrochemical oxidation rates than those of the other electrodes. This study provides a feasible method for realizing high efficiency of electrochemical oxidation degradation by Ti4O7 electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangrui Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinwen Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Zifeng Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojiao Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
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Shih YJ, Huang CP, Chan YH, Huang YH. Electrochemical degradation of oxalic acid over highly reactive nano-textured γ- and α-MnO 2/carbon electrode fabricated by KMnO 4 reduction on loofah sponge-derived active carbon. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 379:120759. [PMID: 31238219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Manganese dioxide incorporated activated carbon (MnO2/AC) was synthesized and used to electrochemically degrade oxalic acid in aqueous solutions. The highly porous carbon provided reactive sites for the electro-sorption of oxalic acid and MnO2, with a specific polymorphism efficiently mediating the electron transfer between the electrode and organic pollutants. The activated carbon, made from the pyrolysis of dry loofah sponge using ZnCl2 as activating agent, exhibited a high double-layer capacitance dependent upon the heating temperature (100 F/g at 800 °C). The γ-MnO2 was in-situ deposited over the microporous structure of activated carbon through the redox reaction between KMnO4 and carbon. Simple further calcination converted γ-MnO2 to α-MnO2 nano-whisker at temperatures above 500 °C. Cyclic voltammetry showed that oxalic acid significantly improved the anodic current of the Mn(III)/Mn(IV) redox couple on the MnO2/AC electrode at an electrode potential around + 0.6 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). About 95% of oxalic acid degradation was achieved at pH < 4; meanwhile, 80% of the mineralization (total organic carbon removal) was attained independent of pH. Calcination converted γ-MnO2 to α-MnO2 which had higher electrochemical stability and inhibited the dissolution of Mn(II) from the electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jen Shih
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
| | - Chin-Pao Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Ya-Han Chan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Hui Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
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15
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Berenguer R, Quijada C, Morallón E. The Nature of the Electro‐Oxidative Catalytic Response of Mixed Metal Oxides: Pt‐ and Ru‐Doped SnO
2
Anodes. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201801632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raul Berenguer
- Departamento de Química Física e Instituto Universitario de MaterialesUniversidad de Alicante Apartado 99 E-03080 Alicante Spain
| | - Cesar Quijada
- Departamento de Ingeniería Textil y PapeleraUniversitat Politècnica de València Pza Ferrándiz y Carbonell E-03801 Alcoy (Alicante) Spain
| | - Emilia Morallón
- Departamento de Química Física e Instituto Universitario de MaterialesUniversidad de Alicante Apartado 99 E-03080 Alicante Spain
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16
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Rivero EP, Rodríguez FA, Cruz-Díaz MR, González I. Reactive diffusion migration layer and mass transfer wall function to model active chlorine generation in a filter press type electrochemical reactor for organic pollutant degradation. Chem Eng Res Des 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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17
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Lanzalaco S, Sirés I, Galia A, Sabatino MA, Dispenza C, Scialdone O. Facile crosslinking of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) by electro-oxidation with IrO2-based anode under potentiostatic conditions. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-018-1237-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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18
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Murillo-Sierra JC, Sirés I, Brillas E, Ruiz-Ruiz EJ, Hernández-Ramírez A. Advanced oxidation of real sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim formulations using different anodes and electrolytes. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 192:225-233. [PMID: 29102867 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A commercial sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim formulation has been degraded in 0.050 M Na2SO4 at pH 3.0 by electrochemical oxidation with electrogenerated H2O2 (EO-H2O2), electro-Fenton (EF), photoelectro-Fenton with a 6-W UVA lamp (PEF) and solar photoelectro-Fenton (SPEF). The tests were performed in an undivided cell with an IrO2-based, Pt or boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode and an air-diffusion cathode for H2O2 electrogeneration. The anode material had little effect on the accumulated H2O2 concentration. Both drugs always obeyed a pseudo-first-order decay with low apparent rate constant in EO-H2O2. Much higher values were found in EF, PEF and SPEF, showing no difference because the main oxidant was always OH formed from Fenton's reaction between H2O2 and added Fe2+. The solution mineralization increased in the sequence EO-H2O2 < EF < PEF < SPEF regardless of the anode. The IrO2-based and Pt anodes behaved similarly but BDD was always more powerful. In SPEF, similar mineralization profiles were found for all anodes because of the rapid removal of photoactive intermediates by sunlight. About 87% mineralization was obtained as maximum for the powerful SPEF with BDD anode. Addition of Cl- enhanced the decay of both drugs due to their quicker reaction with generated active chlorine, but the formation of persistent chloroderivatives decelerated the mineralization process. Final carboxylic acids like oxalic and oxamic were detected, yielding Fe(III) complexes that remained stable in EF with BDD but were rapidly photolyzed in SPEF with BDD, explaining its superior mineralization ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Murillo-Sierra
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Ignasi Sirés
- Laboratori d'Electroquímica dels Materials i del Medi Ambient, Departament de Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enric Brillas
- Laboratori d'Electroquímica dels Materials i del Medi Ambient, Departament de Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Edgar J Ruiz-Ruiz
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Aracely Hernández-Ramírez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico.
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Herrada RA, Acosta-Santoyo G, Sepúlveda-Guzmán S, Brillas E, Sirés I, Bustos E. IrO2-Ta2O5|Ti electrodes prepared by electrodeposition from different Ir:Ta ratios for the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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20
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Ridruejo C, Centellas F, Cabot PL, Sirés I, Brillas E. Electrochemical Fenton-based treatment of tetracaine in synthetic and urban wastewater using active and non-active anodes. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 128:71-81. [PMID: 29091806 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical degradation of tetracaine hydrochloride has been studied in urban wastewater. Treatments in simulated matrix with similar ionic composition as well as in 0.050 M Na2SO4 were comparatively performed. The cell contained an air-diffusion cathode for H2O2 electrogeneration and an anode selected among active Pt, IrO2-based and RuO2-based materials and non-active boron-doped diamond (BDD). Electrochemical oxidation with electrogenerated H2O2 (EO-H2O2), electro-Fenton (EF) and photoelectro-Fenton (PEF) were comparatively assessed at pH 3.0 and constant current density. The pharmaceutical and its byproducts were oxidized by OH formed from water oxidation at the anode surface and in the bulk from Fenton's reaction, which occurred upon addition of 0.50 mM Fe2+ in all media, along with active chlorine originated from the anodic oxidation of Cl- contained in the simulated matrix and urban wastewater. The PEF process was the most powerful treatment regardless of the electrolyte composition, owing to the additional photolysis of intermediates by UVA radiation. The use of BDD led to greater mineralization compared to other anodes, being feasible the total removal of all organics from urban wastewater by PEF at long electrolysis time. Chlorinated products were largely recalcitrant when Pt, IrO2-based or RuO2-based anodes were used, whereas they were effectively destroyed by BDD(OH). Tetracaine decay always obeyed a pseudo-first-order kinetics, being slightly faster with the RuO2-based anode in Cl- media because of the higher amounts of active chlorine produced. Total nitrogen and concentrations of NH4+, NO3-, ClO3-, ClO4- and active chlorine were determined to clarify the behavior of the different electrodes in PEF. Eight intermediates were identified by GC-MS and fumaric and oxalic acids were quantified as final carboxylic acids by ion-exclusion HPLC, allowing the proposal of a plausible reaction sequence for tetracaine mineralization by PEF in Cl--containing medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Ridruejo
- Laboratori d'Electroquímica dels Materials i del Medi Ambient, Departament de Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Centellas
- Laboratori d'Electroquímica dels Materials i del Medi Ambient, Departament de Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere L Cabot
- Laboratori d'Electroquímica dels Materials i del Medi Ambient, Departament de Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignasi Sirés
- Laboratori d'Electroquímica dels Materials i del Medi Ambient, Departament de Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Enric Brillas
- Laboratori d'Electroquímica dels Materials i del Medi Ambient, Departament de Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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21
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Yang K, Liu Y, Qiao J. Electrodeposition preparation of Ce-doped Ti/SnO2-Sb electrodes by using selected addition agents for efficient electrocatalytic oxidation of methylene blue in water. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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Rostami S, Azizi SN, Ghasemi S. Preparation of an efficient electrocatalyst for oxalic acid oxidation based on Ag-doped ZSM-5 nanozeolites synthesized from bagasse. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Herrada RA, Medel A, Manríquez F, Sirés I, Bustos E. Preparation of IrO2-Ta2O5|Ti electrodes by immersion, painting and electrophoretic deposition for the electrochemical removal of hydrocarbons from water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 319:102-110. [PMID: 26968997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.02.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
After intense years of great development, the electrochemical technologies have become very suitable alternatives in niche markets like industrial wastewater reclamation and soil remediation. A key role to achieve a high efficiency in such treatments is played by the characteristics of the coating of the electrodes employed. This paper compares three techniques, namely immersion, painting and electrophoresis, for the preparation of IrO2-Ta2O5ǀTi, so-called dimensionally stable anodes (DSA(®)). The quality of the coatings has been investigated by means of surface and electrochemical analysis. Their ability to generate hydroxyl radicals and degrade aqueous solutions of hydrocarbons like phenanthrene, naphthalene and fluoranthene has been thoroughly assessed. Among the synthesis techniques, electrophoretic deposition yielded the best results, with DSA(®) electrodes exhibiting a homogeneous surface coverage that led to a good distribution of active sites, thus producing hydroxyl radicals that were able to accelerate the degradation of hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Alhelí Herrada
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, S.C. Parque Tecnológico Querétaro, Sanfandila, Pedro Escobedo, 76703 Querétaro, Mexico; Laboratori d'Electroquímica dels Materials i del Medi Ambient, Departament de Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Medel
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, S.C. Parque Tecnológico Querétaro, Sanfandila, Pedro Escobedo, 76703 Querétaro, Mexico; Laboratori d'Electroquímica dels Materials i del Medi Ambient, Departament de Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Federico Manríquez
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, S.C. Parque Tecnológico Querétaro, Sanfandila, Pedro Escobedo, 76703 Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Ignasi Sirés
- Laboratori d'Electroquímica dels Materials i del Medi Ambient, Departament de Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Erika Bustos
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, S.C. Parque Tecnológico Querétaro, Sanfandila, Pedro Escobedo, 76703 Querétaro, Mexico.
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24
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Steter JR, Brillas E, Sirés I. On the selection of the anode material for the electrochemical removal of methylparaben from different aqueous media. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.11.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Rodríguez FA, Rivero EP, González I. Electrogeneration of Active Chlorine in a Filter-Press-Type Reactor Using a New Sb2O5 Doped Ti/RuO2-ZrO2 Electrode: Indirect Indigoid Dye Oxidation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2016-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This paper presents the study on active chlorine mediated electrochemical oxidation of model solutions that simulate textile effluents containing an indigoid dye (indigo carmine) and sodium chloride (0.05 M) using a new Sb2O5-doped Ti/RuO2-ZrO2 electrode. The study was carried out in a filter-press electrochemical reactor specially designed to minimize flow deviations and provide homogeneous mass transfer flux over the electrode surface. Firstly, the mass-transfer-limited chloride oxidation reaction was studied in the absence of dye in order to understand the active chlorine formation process. Changes in pH, chloride concentration and UV-visible absorption spectra during electrolysis reveal the formation of active chlorine (mainly hypochlorite) with current efficiencies for chloride oxidation of 0.558 and 0.503 at 10 and 20 mA cm−2, respectively. Secondly, chloride oxidation was investigated in the presence of indigo carmine dye (0.5 mM) where in-situ generated active chlorine was responsible for -C=C- bond breaking and dye degradation. The solution discoloration followed a pseudo-first order kinetics where kinetic coefficient was inversely proportional to dye concentration. The oxidation with active chlorine had an average efficiency of 0.7 and a very competitive energy consumption between 49.2 and 128.5 kW h (kg COD removed)−1 depending on current density and flow rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca A. Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. 1o de Mayo, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Estado de México 54740, México
| | - Eligio P. Rivero
- Departamento de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. 1o de Mayo, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Estado de México 54740, México
| | - Ignacio González
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco186, México D. F. 09340, México
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26
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Martínez-Huitle CA, Rodrigo MA, Sirés I, Scialdone O. Single and Coupled Electrochemical Processes and Reactors for the Abatement of Organic Water Pollutants: A Critical Review. Chem Rev 2015; 115:13362-407. [PMID: 26654466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 761] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Traditional physicochemical and biological techniques, as well as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), are often inadequate, ineffective, or expensive for industrial water reclamation. Within this context, the electrochemical technologies have found a niche where they can become dominant in the near future, especially for the abatement of biorefractory substances. In this critical review, some of the most promising electrochemical tools for the treatment of wastewater contaminated by organic pollutants are discussed in detail with the following goals: (1) to present the fundamental aspects of the selected processes; (2) to discuss the effect of both the main operating parameters and the reactor design on their performance; (3) to critically evaluate their advantages and disadvantages; and (4) to forecast the prospect of their utilization on an applicable scale by identifying the key points to be further investigated. The review is focused on the direct electrochemical oxidation, the indirect electrochemical oxidation mediated by electrogenerated active chlorine, and the coupling between anodic and cathodic processes. The last part of the review is devoted to the critical assessment of the reactors that can be used to put these technologies into practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Martínez-Huitle
- Instituto de Química, Campus Universitário, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte , Av. Salgado Filho 3000 Campus Universitário Lagoa-Nova CEP 59078-970 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Manuel A Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technologies, Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha , Ciudad Real 13071, Spain
| | - Ignasi Sirés
- Laboratori d'Electroquímica dels Materials i del Medi Ambient, Departament de Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona , Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Onofrio Scialdone
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, Gestionale, Informatica, Meccanica, Università degli Studi di Palermo , Palermo 90128, Italy
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27
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Särkkä H, Vepsäläinen M, Sillanpää M. Natural organic matter (NOM) removal by electrochemical methods — A review. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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28
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Vargas R, Borrás C, Méndez D, Mostany J, Scharifker BR. Electrochemical oxygen transfer reactions: electrode materials, surface processes, kinetic models, linear free energy correlations, and perspectives. J Solid State Electrochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-015-2984-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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29
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Shestakova M, Vinatoru M, Mason TJ, Sillanpää M. Sonoelectrocatalytic decomposition of methylene blue using Ti/Ta₂O₅-SnO₂ electrodes. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2015; 23:135-141. [PMID: 25216896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Sonoelectrochemical decomposition of organic compounds is a developing technique among advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). It has the advantage over sonication alone that it increases the efficiency of the process in terms of a more rapid decrease in chemical oxygen demand (COD) and in total organic carbon (TOC) and accelerates electrochemical oxidation which normally requires a lengthy period of time to achieve significant mineralisation. Moreover the use of an electrocatalytic electrode in the process further accelerates the oxidation reaction rates. The aim of this study was to improve the decomposition efficiency of methylene blue (MB) dye by sonoelectrochemical decomposition using environmentally friendly and cost-effective Ti/Ta₂O₅-SnO₂ electrodes. Decolourisation was used to assess the initial stages of decomposition and COD together with TOC was used as a measure of total degradation. The effect of a range of sonication frequencies 20, 40, 380, 850, 1000 and 1176 kHz at different powers on the decolourisation efficiency of MB is reported. Frequencies of 850 and 380 kHz and the use of higher powers were found more effective towards dye decolourisation. The time for complete MB degradation was reduced from 180 min using electrolysis and from 90 min while carrying out sonolysis to 45 min when conducting a combined sonoelectrocatalytic experiments. The COD reduction of 85.4% was achieved after 2 h of combined sonication and electrolysis which is a slightly higher than after a single electrolysis (78.9%) and twice that of sonolysis (40.4%). A dramatic improvement of mineralisation values were observed within 2h of sonoelectrocatalytic MB degradation. The TOC removal efficiency increased by a factor of 10.7 comparing to sonication alone and by a factor of 1.5 comparing to the electrolytic process. The energy consumption (kWh/m(3)) required for the complete degradation of MB was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Shestakova
- Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130 Mikkeli, Finland.
| | - Mircea Vinatoru
- Sonochemistry Centre, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, CV1 5FB, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J Mason
- Sonochemistry Centre, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, CV1 5FB, United Kingdom
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130 Mikkeli, Finland
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30
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Rajic L, Fallahpour N, Yuan S, Alshawabkeh AN. Electrochemical transformation of trichloroethylene in aqueous solution by electrode polarity reversal. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 67:267-75. [PMID: 25282093 PMCID: PMC4262522 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrode polarity reversal is evaluated for electrochemical transformation of trichloroethylene (TCE) in aqueous solution using flow-through reactors with mixed metal oxide electrodes and Pd catalyst. The study tests the hypothesis that optimizing electrode polarity reversal will generate H2O2 in Pd presence in the system. The effect of polarity reversal frequency, duration of the polarity reversal intervals, current intensity and TCE concentration on TCE removal rate and removal mechanism were evaluated. TCE removal efficiencies under 6 cycles h(-1) were similar in the presence of Pd catalyst (50.3%) and without Pd catalyst (49.8%), indicating that Pd has limited impact on TCE degradation under these conditions. The overall removal efficacies after 60 min treatment under polarity reversal frequencies of 6, 10, 15, 30 and 90 cycles h(-1) were 50.3%, 56.3%, 69.3%, 34.7% and 23.4%, respectively. Increasing the frequency of polarity reversal increases TCE removal as long as sufficient charge is produced during each cycle for the reaction at the electrode. Electrode polarity reversal shifts oxidation/reduction and reduction/oxidation sequences in the system. The optimized polarity reversal frequency (15 cycles h(-1) at 60 mA) enables two reaction zones formation where reduction/oxidation occurs at each electrode surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljiljana Rajic
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Noushin Fallahpour
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Songhu Yuan
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; State Key Lab of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Akram N Alshawabkeh
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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31
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Zhang P, Tong M, Yuan S, Liao P. Transformation and removal of arsenic in groundwater by sequential anodic oxidation and electrocoagulation. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2014; 164:299-307. [PMID: 25041731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation of As(III) to As(V) is generally essential for the efficient remediation of As(III)-contaminated groundwater. The performance and mechanisms of As(III) oxidation by an as-synthesized active anode, SnO2 loaded onto Ti-based TiO2 nanotubes (Ti/TiO2NTs/Sb-SnO2), were investigated. The subsequent removal of total arsenic by electrocoagulation (EC) was further tested. The Ti/TiO2NTs/Sb-SnO2 anode showed a high and lasting electrochemical activity for As(III) oxidation. 6.67μM As(III) in synthetic groundwater was completely oxidized to As(V) within 60min at 50mA. Direct electron transfer was mainly responsible at the current below 30mA, while hydroxyl radicals contributed increasingly with the increase in the current above 30mA. As(III) oxidation was moderately inhibited by the presence of bicarbonate (20mM), while was dramatically increased with increasing the concentration of chloride (0-10mM). After the complete oxidation of As(III) to As(V), total arsenic was efficiently removed by EC in the same reactor by reversing electrode polarity. The removal efficiency increased with increasing the current but decreased by the presence of phosphate and silica. Anodic oxidation represents an effective pretreatment approach to increasing EC removal of As(III) in groundwater under O2-limited conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- State Key Lab of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Man Tong
- State Key Lab of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Songhu Yuan
- State Key Lab of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Peng Liao
- State Key Lab of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, PR China
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Borbón B, Oropeza-Guzman MT, Brillas E, Sirés I. Sequential electrochemical treatment of dairy wastewater using aluminum and DSA-type anodes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:8573-8584. [PMID: 24671400 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2787-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Dairy wastewater is characterized by a high content of hardly biodegradable dissolved, colloidal, and suspended organic matter. This work firstly investigates the performance of two individual electrochemical treatments, namely electrocoagulation (EC) and electro-oxidation (EO), in order to finally assess the mineralization ability of a sequential EC/EO process. EC with an Al anode was employed as a primary pretreatment for the conditioning of 800 mL of wastewater. A complete reduction of turbidity, as well as 90 and 81% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) removal, respectively, were achieved after 120 min of EC at 9.09 mA cm(-2). For EO, two kinds of dimensionally stable anodes (DSA) electrodes (Ti/IrO₂-Ta₂O₅ and Ti/IrO₂-SnO₂-Sb₂O₅) were prepared by the Pechini method, obtaining homogeneous coatings with uniform composition and high roughness. The (·)OH formed at the DSA surface from H₂O oxidation were not detected by electron spin resonance. However, their indirect determination by means of H₂O₂ measurements revealed that Ti/IrO₂-SnO₂-Sb₂O₅ is able to produce partially physisorbed radicals. Since the characterization of the wastewater revealed the presence of indole derivatives, preliminary bulk electrolyses were done in ultrapure water containing 1 mM indole in sulfate and/or chloride media. The performance of EO with the Ti/IrO₂-Ta₂O₅ anode was evaluated from the TOC removal and the UV/Vis absorbance decay. The mineralization was very poor in 0.05 M Na₂SO₄, whereas it increased considerably at a greater Cl(-) content, meaning that the oxidation mediated by electrogenerated species such as Cl₂, HClO, and/or ClO(-) competes and even predominates over the (·)OH-mediated oxidation. The EO treatment of EC-pretreated dairy wastewater allowed obtaining a global 98 % TOC removal, decreasing from 1,062 to <30 mg L(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Borbón
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Unidad Tijuana, Carretera Tijuana-Tecate km 26.6, Consorcio Tecnológico de Baja California, 22444, Tijuana, B.C., Mexico
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Araújo EG, Jhones dos Santos A, da Silva DR, Salazar R, Martínez-Huitle CA. Cysteic Acid-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for Monitoring Oxalic Acid (OA) Concentration During Its Electrochemical Oxidation at Ti/Pt Anode. ELECTROANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201300566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Subba Rao AN, Venkatarangaiah VT. Metal oxide-coated anodes in wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:3197-3217. [PMID: 24293296 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2313-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical oxidation is an effective wastewater treatment method. Metal oxide-coated substrates are commonly used as anodes in this process. This article compiles the developments in the fabrication, application, and performance of metal oxide anodes in wastewater treatment. It summarizes the preparative methods and mechanism of oxidation of organics on the metal oxide anodes. The discussion is focused on the application of SnO2, PbO2, IrO2, and RuO2 metal oxide anodes and their effectiveness in wastewater treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anantha N Subba Rao
- Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, 577451, Karnataka, India
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35
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Novel Ti/Ta2O5-SnO2 electrodes for water electrolysis and electrocatalytic oxidation of organics. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.12.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Panizza M, Araújo EG, Santos EV, da Silva DR, Fernandes NS, Martínez-Huitle CA. Applicability of Electroanalysis for Monitoring Oxalic Acid (OA) Concentration During its Electrochemical Oxidation at Different Electrode Materials. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-013-0140-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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37
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Copper recovery and simultaneous COD removal from copper phthalocyanine dye effluent using bipolar disc reactor. Chem Eng Res Des 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Scialdone O, Guarisco C, Galia A. Oxidation of organics in water in microfluidic electrochemical reactors: Theoretical model and experiments. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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39
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Electrochemical Investigation of the IrO2-Ta2O5 Coated Anode with Different Heat Treatment Processes of the Titanium Substrates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3611016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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40
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Matilainen A, Sillanpää M. Removal of natural organic matter from drinking water by advanced oxidation processes. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 80:351-65. [PMID: 20494399 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Revised: 04/24/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 10-20years the amount of the natural organic matter (NOM) has been increased in raw water supplies on several areas. The presence of NOM causes many problems in drinking water treatment processes, including: (i) negative effect on water quality by colour, taste and odor problems, (ii) increased coagulant and disinfectant dose requirements (which in turn results increased sludge and potential harmful disinfection by-product formation), (iii) promoted biological growth in distribution system, and (iv) increased levels of complexed heavy metals and adsorbed organic pollutants. Thus, more efficient methods for the removal of NOM have emerged. Among these are advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). These include O(3)/H(2)O(2), O(3)/UV, UV/H(2)O(2), TiO(2)/UV, H(2)O(2)/catalyst, Fenton and photo-Fenton prosesses as well as ultrasound. In the present work, an overview of the recent research studies dealing with AOP methods for the removal of NOM and related compounds from drinking water is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Matilainen
- Laboratory of Applied Environmental Chemistry, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Patteristonkatu 1, FI-50100 Mikkeli, Finland
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41
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Ferro S, Martínez-Huitle CA, De Battisti A. Electroxidation of oxalic acid at different electrode materials. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-010-0113-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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42
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Scialdone O, Guarisco C, Galia A, Filardo G, Silvestri G, Amatore C, Sella C, Thouin L. Anodic abatement of organic pollutants in water in micro reactors. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2009.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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43
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Scialdone O, Galia A, Gurreri L, Randazzo S. Electrochemical abatement of chloroethanes in water: Reduction, oxidation and combined processes. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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44
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Electrochemical oxidation of organic pollutants in water at metal oxide electrodes: A simple theoretical model including direct and indirect oxidation processes at the anodic surface. Electrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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45
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Scialdone O, Randazzo S, Galia A, Silvestri G. Electrochemical oxidation of organics in water: role of operative parameters in the absence and in the presence of NaCl. WATER RESEARCH 2009; 43:2260-72. [PMID: 19269668 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2009.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Revised: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2009] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical oxidation of organics in water was investigated theoretically and experimentally to determine the role of several operative parameters on the performances of the process in the presence and in the absence of sodium chloride. Theoretical considerations were used to design the experimental investigation and were confirmed by the results of the electrochemical oxidation of oxalic acid (OA) at boron doped diamond (BDD) or IrO(2)-Ta(2)O(5) (DSA-O(2)) anodes in a continuous batch recirculation reaction system equipped with a parallel plate undivided electrochemical cell. Polarization curves and chronoamperometric measurements indicated that, in the presence of chlorides, the anodic oxidation of OA is partially replaced by an indirect oxidation process. This result was confirmed by electrolyses experiments that show that, in the presence of suitable amount of chlorides, oxidation of OA takes place mainly by a homogeneous process. Interestingly, a very different influence of the nature of the anodic material, the flow rate and the current density on the performances of the process arises in the absence and in the presence of chlorides so that optimization of the two processes requires very different operative conditions. In the absence of chlorides, high current efficiency (CE) is obtained at BDD when most part of the process is under charge transfer controlled kinetics, i.e. when low current densities and high flow rates are imposed. On the other hand, in the presence of NaCl, higher CE are generally obtained at DSA anode when high current densities and low flow rates are imposed, i.e. when a high concentration of chemical oxidants is obtained as a result of the chloride oxidation. The effect of other operative parameters such as the OA concentration and the pH were further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onofrio Scialdone
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica dei Processi e dei Materiali, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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