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Keene ST, Gueskine V, Berggren M, Malliaras GG, Tybrandt K, Zozoulenko I. Exploiting mixed conducting polymers in organic and bioelectronic devices. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:19144-19163. [PMID: 35942679 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02595g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Efficient transport of both ionic and electronic charges in conjugated polymers (CPs) has enabled a wide range of novel electrochemical devices spanning applications from energy storage to bioelectronic devices. In this Perspective, we provide an overview of the fundamental physical processes which underlie the operation of mixed conducting polymer (MCP) devices. While charge injection and transport have been studied extensively in both ionic and electronic conductors, translating these principles to mixed conducting systems proves challenging due to the complex relationships among the individual materials properties. We break down the process of electrochemical (de)doping, the basic feature exploited in mixed conducting devices, into its key steps, highlighting recent advances in the study of these physical processes in the context of MCPs. Furthermore, we identify remaining challenges in further extending fundamental understanding of MCP-based device operation. Ultimately, a deeper understanding of the elementary processes governing operation in MCPs will drive the advancement in both materials design and device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott T Keene
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, Cambridge University, 9 JJ Thompson Ave., CB3 0FA Cambridge, UK
| | - Viktor Gueskine
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74, Norrköping, Sweden. .,Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Linköping University, SE-601 74, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74, Norrköping, Sweden. .,Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Linköping University, SE-601 74, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - George G Malliaras
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, Cambridge University, 9 JJ Thompson Ave., CB3 0FA Cambridge, UK
| | - Klas Tybrandt
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74, Norrköping, Sweden. .,Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Linköping University, SE-601 74, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Igor Zozoulenko
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74, Norrköping, Sweden. .,Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Linköping University, SE-601 74, Norrköping, Sweden
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Arroyo J, Akieh-Pirkanniemi M, Lisak G, Latonen RM, Bobacka J. Electrochemically controlled transport of anions across polypyrrole-based membranes. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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3
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Moloney E, Breslin CB. The formation and properties of polypyrrole doped with an immobile antibiotic. J Solid State Electrochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-019-04295-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Shahrivari S, Kowsari E, Shockravi A, Ehsani A. Synthesis of different new copolyimides and influence of different molar ratios of diamines and dianhydride on pseudocapacitance performance of p-type conductive polymer. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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5
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Ryan EM, Breslin CB. Formation of polypyrrole with dexamethasone as a dopant: Its cation and anion exchange properties. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Antonio JL, Höfler L, Lindfors T, Córdoba de Torresi SI. Electrocontrolled Swelling and Water Uptake of a Three-Dimensional Conducting Polypyrrole Hydrogel. ChemElectroChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201600397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jadielson L. Antonio
- Instituto de Química; Universidade de São Paulo. C.P.; 26077.05513-970 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Lajos Höfler
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Szt. Gellért tér 4 H-1111 Budapest Hungary
| | - Tom Lindfors
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre; Åbo Akademi University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry; Biskopsgatan 8 FIN-20500 Turku Finland
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Tsakova V, Seeber R. Conducting polymers in electrochemical sensing: factors influencing the electroanalytical signal. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:7231-41. [PMID: 27422647 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9774-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The paper highlights the intrinsic role of the conducting polymers (CPs) in CP-based electrochemical sensing devices. The effects of specific parameters of the electrochemical synthesis and overall measurement protocol, such as nature of the solvent and doping ions, the characteristics of the electrochemical polymerisation procedure, the nature of the CP-carrying substrates, and the composition of the medium used for the electroanalytical measurement, are discussed in an attempt to provide guidelines necessary for optimisation of CP-based electrochemical sensing. The lesser stability of CPs is also addressed as one of the main possible drawbacks of these materials in comparison to inorganic-based sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vessela Tsakova
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Renato Seeber
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121, Modena, Italy
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 40129, Bologna, Italy
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Agrisuelas J, Gabrielli C, García-Jareño J, Perrot H, Sanchis-Gual R, Sel O, Vicente F. Evaluation of the electrochemical anion recognition ofNO3−-imprinted poly(Azure A) inNO3−/Cl−mixed solutions by ac-electrogravimetry. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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9
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A Facile Potential-Induced In-Situ Ion Removal Trick: Fabrication of High-Selective Ion-Imprinted Film for Trivalent Yttrium Ion Separation. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.07.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Understanding the Influence of Polypyrrole Coating over V2O5 Nanofibers on Electrochemical Properties. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Agrisuelas J, Gabrielli C, García-Jareño J, Perrot H, Sel O, Vicente F. Polymer dynamics in thin p-type conducting films investigated by ac-electrogravimetry. Kinetics aspects on anion exclusion, free solvent transfer, and conformational changes in poly(o-toluidine). Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.11.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Latonen RM, Akieh MN, Vavra K, Bobacka J, Ivaska A. Ion Exchange Behavior of Polypyrrole Doped with Large Anions in Electrolytes Containing Mono- and Divalent Mmetal Ions. ELECTROANAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201200566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tóth PS, Janáky C, Berkesi O, Tamm T, Visy C. On the Unexpected Cation Exchange Behavior, Caused by Covalent Bond Formation between PEDOT and Cl– Ions: Extending the Conception for the Polymer–Dopant Interactions. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:5491-500. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2107268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Péter S. Tóth
- Department
of Physical Chemistry
and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Aradi V. Sq. 1. Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Csaba Janáky
- Department
of Physical Chemistry
and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Aradi V. Sq. 1. Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Ottó Berkesi
- Department
of Physical Chemistry
and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Aradi V. Sq. 1. Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Tarmo Tamm
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Csaba Visy
- Department
of Physical Chemistry
and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Aradi V. Sq. 1. Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
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Akieh MN, Varga Á, Latonen RM, Ralph SF, Bobacka J, Ivaska A. Simultaneous monitoring of the transport of anions and cations across polypyrrole based composite membranes. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.08.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Levi MD, Sigalov S, Salitra G, Elazari R, Aurbach D. Assessing the Solvation Numbers of Electrolytic Ions Confined in Carbon Nanopores under Dynamic Charging Conditions. J Phys Chem Lett 2011; 2:120-124. [PMID: 26295530 DOI: 10.1021/jz1016922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We propose herein a new reliable approach to assess solvation numbers of ions confined in carbon nanopores based on dynamic quartz crystal measurements. This was proved for the entire families of alkaline, alkaline-earth cations, and halogen anions. As-assessed hydration numbers appear in the sequence characteristic of a transition from the cosmotropic to a chaotropic-type behavior with the decrease of the ion's charge-to-size ratio. The information on the behavior of ions confined in nanometric space of different (especially charged) carbon materials is in high demand for the development of powerful supercapacitors, nanofiltration membranes, and chemical/biochemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhael D Levi
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Sergey Sigalov
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Gregory Salitra
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Ran Elazari
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Doron Aurbach
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
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