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Nascimento BZ, Muniz EP, Bueno Cotta AJ, Couto Oliveira FD, Sérgio da Silva Porto P. Oily wastewater treatment by a continuous flow electrocoagulation reactor with polarity switch: Assessment of the relation between process variables and the aluminum released to the environment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 347:119072. [PMID: 37774662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation with electrical polarity inversion was used to treat oil in water emulsions (145 ± 5 mg dm-3) using a cylindrical 4.8 dm3 reactor in continuous mode. The effects of spatial time and time between polarity inversion were explored using a three-level full factorial design (32), followed by Spearman correlation (ps), which has shown that the aluminum concentration in the treated effluent is not directly dependent on the mass of aluminum released by the electrodes. Nonetheless, the loss of mass of the electrodes is correlated (ps = 0.6970) to oil removal and to less electric power consumption (ps = -0.6909). Surface response analysis revealed that increasing the number of inversion cycles reduces electrode degradation. The treatment reduced the effluent's chemical oxygen demand by over 92.8%. Regarding environmental impact, there is an inverse statistical correlation between aluminum in the treated effluent and oil removal (ps = -0.7426), indicating that removing more oil with less environmental impact is possible. The better condition, considering oil removal and lower electrode consumption, was obtained with a spatial time of 36 min and a polarity inversion time of 10 s; for this condition, oil removal reached 87.0% with an energy expenditure of about 7.21 kW h.m-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Zon Nascimento
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Energia, Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo, Rodovia Governador Mario Covas, Km 60, Bairro Litorâneo, CEP 29932-540, São Mateus, ES, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Perini Muniz
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Energia, Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo, Rodovia Governador Mario Covas, Km 60, Bairro Litorâneo, CEP 29932-540, São Mateus, ES, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo, Rodovia Governador Mario Covas, Km 60, Bairro Litorâneo, CEP 29932-540, São Mateus, ES, Brazil.
| | - Aloisio José Bueno Cotta
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo, Rodovia Governador Mario Covas, Km 60, Bairro Litorâneo, CEP 29932-540, São Mateus, ES, Brazil
| | - Flavio Duarte Couto Oliveira
- Departamento de Computação e Eletrônica, Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo, Rodovia Governador Mario Covas, Km 60, Bairro Litorâneo, CEP 29932-540, São Mateus, ES, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio da Silva Porto
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Energia, Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo, Rodovia Governador Mario Covas, Km 60, Bairro Litorâneo, CEP 29932-540, São Mateus, ES, Brazil; Departamento de Engenharias e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo, Rodovia Governador Mario Covas, Km 60, Bairro Litorâneo, CEP 29932-540, São Mateus, ES, Brazil
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Rajoria S, Vashishtha M, Sangal VK. Treatment of electroplating industry wastewater: a review on the various techniques. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:72196-72246. [PMID: 35084684 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18643-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Water pollution by recalcitrant compounds is an increasingly important problem due to the continuous introduction of new chemicals into the environment. Choosing appropriate measures and developing successful strategies for eliminating hazardous wastewater contaminants from industrial processes is currently a primary goal. Electroplating industry wastewater involves highly toxic cyanide (CN), heavy metal ions, oils and greases, organic solvents, and the complicated composition of effluents and may also contain biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), SS, DS, TS, and turbidity. The availability of these metal ions in electroplating industry wastewater makes the water so toxic and corrosive. Because these heavy metals are harmful to living things, they must be removed to prevent them from being absorbed by plants, animals, and humans. As a result, exposure to electroplating wastewater can induce necrosis and nephritis in humans and lung cancer, digestive system cancer, anemia, hepatitis, and maxillary sinus cancer with prolonged exposure. For the safe discharge of electroplating industry effluents, appropriate wastewater treatment has to be provided. This article examines and assesses new approaches such as coagulation and flocculation, chemical precipitation, ion exchange, membrane filtration, adsorption, electrochemical treatment, and advanced oxidation process (AOP) for treating the electroplating industry wastewater. On the other hand, these physicochemical approaches have significant drawbacks, including a high initial investment and operating cost due to costly chemical reagents, the production of metal complexes sludge that needs additional treatment, and a long recovery process. At the same time, advanced techniques such as electrochemical treatment can remove various kinds of organic and inorganic contaminants such as BOD, COD, and heavy metals. The electrochemical treatment process has several advantages over traditional technologies, including complete removal of persistent organic pollutants, environmental friendliness, ease of integration with other conventional technologies, less sludge production, high separation, and shorter residence time. The effectiveness of the electrochemical treatment process depends on various parameters, including pH, electrode material, operation time, electrode gap, and current density. This review mainly emphasizes the removal of heavy metals and another pollutant such as CN from electroplating discharge. This paper will be helpful in the selection of efficient techniques for treatment based on the quantity and characteristics of the effluent produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Rajoria
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur-302017, Rajasthan, India
| | - Manish Vashishtha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur-302017, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Vikas K Sangal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur-302017, Rajasthan, India.
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Li Y, Wang Y, Liao M, Su F, Zhang Y, Peng L. Effects of electroflocculation/oxidation pretreatment on the fouling characteristics of ultrafiltration membranes. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 85:1079-1089. [PMID: 35228355 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In order to reduce the membrane pollution of ultrafiltration caused by natural organic matter and improve the treatment efficiency, electroflocculation/oxidation is used as the premembrane treatment method. The membrane specific flux attenuation characteristics was compared and analyzed under the conditions of direct ultrafiltration and electroflocculation/oxidation-ultrafiltration. Combined with the analysis of the reversibility of membrane fouling, the mechanism of electroflocculation/oxidation pretreatment to alleviate ultrafiltration membrane fouling was evaluated, and the membrane pore clogging model was used to fit the fouling law. The results show that, in the continuously fed filtration experiment, the electroflocculation/oxidation process involved in the pretreatment and the direct ultrafiltration membrane filtration decreased the ultrafiltration membrane flux to 79.1% and 28.5%, respectively. The reversible resistance generated by ultrafiltration and electroflocculation/oxidation-ultrafiltration processes accounted for 37.70% and 62.26% of their total pollution resistance, whereas the irreversible resistance generated accounted for 47.30% and 12.40%, respectively. Meanwhile, the direct correlation between the the flux dropped and complete clogging became less than that of the ultrafiltration process. The pretreatment significantly strengthened irreversible fouling resistance of the membrane pores. The membrane permeation flux was significantly increased after the electroflocculation/oxidation pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Li
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China E-mail:
| | - Yiyan Wang
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China E-mail:
| | - Mengxi Liao
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China E-mail:
| | - Fei Su
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China E-mail:
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China E-mail:
| | - Linlin Peng
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China E-mail:
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Guo Z, Zhang Y, Jia H, Guo J, Meng X, Wang J. Electrochemical methods for landfill leachate treatment: A review on electrocoagulation and electrooxidation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150529. [PMID: 34600209 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachate is a kind of difficult-to-degrade wastewater with complex water qualities. Waste filtrate cannot be thoroughly treated by traditional biological, physical and chemical methods. In the past five years, electrochemical methods have attracted widespread attention in the treatment of landfill leachate. The article pointed out that for the colloidal/suspended particles in the landfill leachate, using of electrocoagulation can achieve a good treatment effect. Aiming at the characteristics of the dissolved organic matter in the landfill leachate and the high concentration of chloride ions, a more efficient removal can be available by using of electrooxidation. In this review, the latest achievements and basic principles of electrocoagulation and electrooxidation have been introduced. Meanwhile, the influence of different process parameters on these two electrochemical methods was summarized. It also reviewed the effect of electrochemical technology as an independent system or combined with biological and physical chemical processes on the treatment of landfill leachate, as well as the cost of various laboratory scales. Finally, several main problems and challenges encountered by electrochemical methods were briefly discussed, and the prospects for new development and future research were also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Hui Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Jiaran Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Xia Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
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Zhang X, Yang Z, Mei J, Hu Q, Chang S, Hong Q, Yang S. Outstanding performance of sulfurated titanomaghemite (Fe 2TiO 5) for hexavalent chromium removal: Sulfuration promotion mechanism and its application in chromium resource recovery. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132360. [PMID: 34826960 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A lot of magnetic sorbents have been developed to meet the current demand for removing Cr (VI) from wastewater. However, the application of magnetic sorbents remains restricted by the unsatisfactory Cr (VI) removal efficiency, sorbent regeneration, and safe disposition of adsorbed Cr species. In this study, magnetic titanomaghemite (Fe2TiO5) was sulfurated with gaseous H2S to improve its Cr (VI) removal efficiency. Sulfuration significantly improved the Cr (VI) removal efficiency of Fe2TiO5 from 3%-14% to 27%-82% at pH 4-10 due to drastically increased the electrostatic adsorption of Cr (VI) and heterogeneous reduction of adsorbed Cr (VI) to Cr (III). Furthermore, the sulfurated Fe2TiO5 recovered using magnetic separation can be regenerated by re-sulfuration without degrading the Cr (VI) removal efficiency, therefore, sulfurated Fe2TiO5 can be recycled for Cr (VI) removal after the regeneration. Moreover, Cr (VI) in aqueous solution can be enriched on sulfurated Fe2TiO5 after multiple adsorptions in the form of Cr2O3 in a content of more than 30% what can be considered as a source of chrome ore. Therefore, sulfurated Fe2TiO5 may be a promising, low-cost, and environment-friendly sorbent for Cr recovery as a co-benefit of Cr (VI) removal from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufan Zhang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Zhenya Yang
- Jiangsu Environmental Engineering Technology Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210019, PR China
| | - Jian Mei
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China.
| | - Qixing Hu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Shuai Chang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Qianqian Hong
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Shijian Yang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China.
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Mousazadeh M, Niaragh EK, Usman M, Khan SU, Sandoval MA, Al-Qodah Z, Khalid ZB, Gilhotra V, Emamjomeh MM. A critical review of state-of-the-art electrocoagulation technique applied to COD-rich industrial wastewaters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:43143-43172. [PMID: 34164789 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14631-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation (EC) is one of the emerging technologies in groundwater and wastewater treatment as it combines the benefits of coagulation, sedimentation, flotation, and electrochemical oxidation processes. Extensive research efforts implementing EC technology have been executed over the last decade to treat chemical oxygen demand (COD)-rich industrial wastewaters with the aim to protect freshwater streams (e.g., rivers, lakes) from pollution. A comprehensive review of the available recent literature utilizing EC to treat wastewater with high COD levels is presented. In addition, recommendations are provided for future studies to improve the EC technology and broaden its range of application. This review paper introduces some technologies which are often adopted for industrial wastewater treatment. Then, the EC process is compared with those techniques as a treatment for COD-rich wastewater. The EC process is considered as the most privileged technology by different research groups owing to its ability to deal with abundant volumes of wastewater. After, the application of EC as a single and combined treatment for COD-rich wastewaters is thoroughly reviewed. Finally, this review attempts to highlight the potentials and limitations of EC. Related to the EC process in batch operation mode, the best operational conditions are found at 10 V and 60 min of voltage and reaction time, respectively. These last values guarantee high COD removal efficiencies of > 90%. This review also concludes that considerably large operation costs of the EC process appears to be the serious drawback and renders it as an unfeasible approach for handling of COD rich wastewaters. In the end, this review has attempted to highlights the potential and limitation of EC and suggests that vast notably research in the field of continuous flow EC system is essential to introduce this technology as a convincing wastewater technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Mousazadeh
- Student research committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Elnaz Karamati Niaragh
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Institute for Water Resources and Water Supply, Hamburg University of Technology, Am Schwarzenberg-Campus 3, 20173, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Saif Ullah Khan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Zakir Husain College of Engineering & Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P., 202001, India
| | - Miguel Angel Sandoval
- Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Laboratorio de Electroquímica Medio Ambiental, LEQMA, Universidad de Santiago de Chile USACH, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, 36050, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Zakaria Al-Qodah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Al-Balqa Applied University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Zaied Bin Khalid
- Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Vishakha Gilhotra
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Emamjomeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
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Yao F, Jia M, Yang Q, Luo K, Chen F, Zhong Y, He L, Pi Z, Hou K, Wang D, Li X. Electrochemical Cr(VI) removal from aqueous media using titanium as anode: Simultaneous indirect electrochemical reduction of Cr(VI) and in-situ precipitation of Cr(III). CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 260:127537. [PMID: 32682133 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel method for complete Cr(Ⅵ) removal was achieved in a single-chamber cell with titanium (Ti) as anode via simultaneous indirect electro-reduction of Cr(Ⅵ) and in-situ precipitation of Cr(Ⅲ). The Cr(Ⅵ) and total Cr removal, and electric energy consumption were optimized as a function of electrochemical reactor, current density, initial Cr(Ⅵ) and chloride (Cl-) concentration, and initial solution pH. The maximum Cr(Ⅵ) and total Cr removal efficiency reached 80.5 and 79.4% respectively within 12 h at current density of 10 mA cm-2 as initial Cr(Ⅵ) concentration was 0.078 mM. Decreasing the initial solution pH was beneficial to Cr(Ⅵ) reduction, but Cr(Ⅲ) precipitation was inhibited, resulting in the poor total Cr removal. The suitable Cl- concentration guaranteed sufficient reducing agents (Ti3+ and Ti2+) for Cr(Ⅵ) removal. The reaction mechanism demonstrated that Ti anode could be corroded to produce Ti3+ and Ti2+, which provided the electrons for reduction of Cr(Ⅵ) to Cr(Ⅲ). Simultaneously, the solid products (Ti2O(6x-y-z+52)Cl2yCr2x(OH)2z(s)) were in-situ formed and precipitated from the solution due to the continuous generation of hydroxyl ion (OH-) from cathode. This study might provide a new electrochemical method with non-precious metal as the electrode for complete Cr(Ⅵ) removal from aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fubing Yao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
| | - Maocong Jia
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Qi Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
| | - Kun Luo
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, 410003, PR China.
| | - Fei Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China
| | - Yu Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control Technology, Hunan Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Changsha, 410004, PR China
| | - Li He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Zhoujie Pi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Kunjie Hou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Dongbo Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
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Isik Z, Arikan EB, Ozay Y, Bouras HD, Dizge N. Electrocoagulation and electrooxidation pre-treatment effect on fungal treatment of pistachio processing wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 244:125383. [PMID: 31790993 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effect of electrochemical pre-treatment on fungal treatment of pistachio processing wastewater (PPW) was investigated. Electrocoagulation (EC) and electrooxidation (EO) were used as electrochemical pre-treatment step before fungal treatment of PPW. Aluminum (Al/Al), iron (Fe/Fe), and stainless steel (SS/SS) electrode pairs were selected as anode/cathode for EC whereas boron doped diamond (BDD/SS) was preferred as anode/cathode electrode pairs for EO experiments in this study. The impact of current density (50-300 A/m2) and operating time (0-240 min) were tested for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total phenol removal. After pre-treatment of PPW, four different fungus species (Coriolus versicolor, Funalia trogii, Aspergillus carbonarius, and Penicillium glabrum) were tested for further treatment. Penicillium glabrum supplied maximum COD and total phenol removal efficiency compared to other fungus strains. The combined electrochemical-assisted fungal treatment process supplied 90.1% COD and 88.7% total phenol removal efficiency when supported with EO pre-treatment. Pre-treatment of PPW with EO method provided better results than EC method for fungal treatment. Operating cost of the combined process was calculated as 6.12 US$/m3. The results indicated that the proposed combined process supplied higher pollutant removal compared to the individual electrocoagulation, electrooxidation, and fungal treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelal Isik
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Mersin University, Mersin, 33343, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Bezirhan Arikan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Mersin University, Mersin, 33343, Turkey
| | - Yasin Ozay
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Mersin University, Mersin, 33343, Turkey
| | - Hadj Daoud Bouras
- Laboratoire d'Etude et de Développement des Techniques de Traitement et d'Epuration des Eaux et de Gestion Environnementale (LEDTEGE), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Kouba, BP 92, 16308, Vieux-Kouba, Alger, Algeria; Département de Physique, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Laghouat, BP 4033, RP Rue des martyrs, Laghouat, Algeria
| | - Nadir Dizge
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Mersin University, Mersin, 33343, Turkey.
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Sahu O. Electro-oxidation and chemical oxidation treatment of sugar industry wastewater with ferrous material: An investigation of physicochemical characteristic of sludge. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Medel A, Ramírez JA, Cárdenas J, Sirés I, Meas Y. Evaluating the electrochemical and photoelectrochemical production of hydroxyl radical during electrocoagulation process. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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12
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Zhang Y, Bai R, Zhao Z, Liao Q, Chen P, Guo W, Cai C, Yang F. Highly selective and sensitive probes for the detection of Cr(vi) in aqueous solutions using diglycolic acid-functionalized Au nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2019; 9:10958-10965. [PMID: 35515295 PMCID: PMC9062733 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00010k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a variety of diglycolic acid-functionalized gold nanoparticle (Au NP) probes are reported, which are highly sensitive for the detection of chromium ions, Cr(vi) ions, at low concentrations in aqueous solutions based on the application of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) theory. Due to its outstanding affinity for Cr(vi) ions, the capped diglycolic acid would induce the aggregation of the NP probes upon encountering them; this was evidenced by the obvious red-shifting of the SPR peak and the enlarged size of the NPs. For the same reason, the selectivity of the probe for Cr(vi) against other heavy metal ions was found to be remarkable. Under optimized conditions, the probe showed the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.32 ppb for Cr(vi) and a linear detection scale ranging from 0.32 ppb to 0.1 ppm. To the best of our knowledge, this is probably the lowest LOD reported for Cr(vi) detection among those of the methods based on SPR. In this study, we proposed a diglycolic acid-functionalized gold nanoparticle (Au NP) probe, which are highly sensitive for the detection of chromium ions based on the application of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) theory.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Xiamen 361021
| | - Ruixi Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Xiamen 361021
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Xiamen 361021
| | - Qiuxia Liao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Xiamen 361021
| | - Peng Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Xiamen 361021
| | - Wanghuan Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Xiamen 361021
| | - Chunqing Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Xiamen 361021
| | - Fan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Xiamen 361021
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Marrone BL, Lacey RE, Anderson DB, Bonner J, Coons J, Dale T, Downes CM, Fernando S, Fuller C, Goodall B, Holladay JE, Kadam K, Kalb D, Liu W, Mott JB, Nikolov Z, Ogden KL, Sayre RT, Trewyn BG, Olivares JA. Review of the harvesting and extraction program within the National Alliance for Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Garcia-Segura S, Eiband MMS, de Melo JV, Martínez-Huitle CA. Electrocoagulation and advanced electrocoagulation processes: A general review about the fundamentals, emerging applications and its association with other technologies. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Removal of Pb, Cu, Cd, and Zn Present in Aqueous Solution Using Coupled Electrocoagulation-Phytoremediation Treatment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1155/2017/7681451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents the results of a coupled electrocoagulation-phytoremediation treatment for the reduction of copper, cadmium, lead, and zinc, present in aqueous solution. The electrocoagulation was carried out in a batch reactor using aluminum electrodes in parallel arrangement; the optimal conditions were current density of 8 mA/cm2 and operating time of 180 minutes. For phytoremediation the macrophytes, Typha latifolia L., were used during seven days of treatment. The results indicated that the coupled treatment reduced metal concentrations by 99.2% Cu, 81.3% Cd, and 99.4% Pb, while Zn increased due to the natural concentrations of the plant used.
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Huang G, Yao J, Pan W, Wang J. Industrial-scale application of the plunger flow electro-oxidation reactor in wastewater depth treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:18288-18295. [PMID: 27278066 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Effluents after biochemical treatment contain pollutants that are mostly non-degradable. Based upon previous pilot-scale test results, an industrial-scale electro-oxidation device was built to decompose these refractory materials in the effluent from a park wastewater treatment plant. The electro-oxidation device comprised a ditch-shaped plunger flow electrolysis cell, with mesh-plate Ti/PbO2 electrodes as the anode and the same size mesh-plate Ti as the cathode. Wastewater flowed vertically through electrodes; the effective volume of the cell was 2.8 m(3), and the surface-to-volume ratio was 17.14 m(2) m(-3). The optimal current density was 100 A m(-2), and a suitable flow velocity was 14.0 m h(-1). The removal efficiencies for chemical oxygen demand and color in the effluent were over 60.0 and 84.0 %, respectively. In addition, the electro-oxidation system offered a good disinfection capability. The specific energy consumption for this industrial-scale device was 43.5 kWh kg COD(-1), with a current efficiency of 32.8 %, which was superior to the pilot-scale one. To meet the requirements for emission or reuse, the operation cost was $0.44 per ton of effluent at an average price for electricity of $0.11 kWh(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolong Huang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, China
| | - Jiachao Yao
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, China
| | - Weilong Pan
- Shangyu Water Treatment Development Co., Ltd., Shangyu, Zhejiang, 312369, China
| | - Jiade Wang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, China.
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18
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Särkkä H, Vepsäläinen M, Sillanpää M. Natural organic matter (NOM) removal by electrochemical methods — A review. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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19
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Rastegarfar N, Behrooz R, Bahramifar N. Electrocoagulation treatment of black liquor from soda-AQ pulping of wheat straw. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:45. [PMID: 25637386 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-4245-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of electrocoagulation treatment was investigated on black liquor from soda-anthraquinone (AQ) pulping of wheat straw. Removal of phenol, chemical oxygen demand (COD), color, total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), and total solids (TS) from black liquor was investigated at different current densities by using aluminum electrodes at various electrolysis times (10, 25, 40, 55, and 70 min) and pH levels (3, 5, 7, 9, and 10.5). It was observed that at 16 V, electrolysis time of 55 min and current density of 61.8 mA/cm(2) were sufficient for the removal of the pollutants. Energy consumption was evaluated as an important cost-relation parameter. Results showed that the electrocoagulation treatment reduced color intensity from the high initial value of 18,750 to 220 PCU. This was strongly influenced by the pH level of the wastewater. In addition, it was found that the removal efficiency increased with increasing of current density. The maximum efficiencies for removal were 98.8, 81, 80, 92, 61, and 68 % for color, phenol, COD, TSS, TDS, and TS, respectively. The lowest energy consumption values were obtained at neutral pH after 55 min. Electrocoagulation was found to be an effective, simple, and low-cost technique to treat black liquor.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rastegarfar
- Department of Wood and Paper Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
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Esmaeilirad N, Carlson K, Omur Ozbek P. Influence of softening sequencing on electrocoagulation treatment of produced water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 283:721-729. [PMID: 25464315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation has been used to remove solids and some metals from both water and wastewater sources for decades. Additionally, chemical softening is commonly employed in water treatment systems to remove hardness. This paper assesses the combination and sequence of softening and EC methods to treat hydraulic fracturing flowback and produced water from shale oil and gas operations. EC is one of the available technologies to treat produced water for reuse in frac fluids, eliminating not only the need to transport more water but also the costs of providing fresh water. In this paper, the influence of chemical softening on EC was studied. In the softening process, pH was raised to 9.5 and 10.2 before and after EC, respectively. Softening, when practiced before EC was more effective for removing turbidity with samples from wells older than one month (99% versus 88%). However, neither method was successful in treating samples collected from early flowback (1-day and 2-day samples), likely due to the high concentration of organic matter. For total organic carbon, hardness, Ba, Sr, and B removal, application of softening before EC appeared to be the most efficient approach, likely due to the formation of solids before the coagulation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Esmaeilirad
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, 1372 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1372, United States.
| | - Ken Carlson
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, 1372 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1372, United States
| | - Pinar Omur Ozbek
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, 1372 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1372, United States
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Removal of humic substances by electrocoagulation (EC) process and characterization of floc size growth mechanism under optimum conditions. Sep Purif Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kuokkanen V, Kuokkanen T, Rämö J, Lassi U. Recent Applications of Electrocoagulation in Treatment of Water and Wastewater—A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/gsc.2013.32013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kim J, Ryu BG, Kim BK, Han JI, Yang JW. Continuous microalgae recovery using electrolysis with polarity exchange. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 111:268-275. [PMID: 22397823 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the use of microalgae as a renewable source for the production of fuels and chemicals, but improvements are needed in all steps of this process, including harvesting. A continuous microalgae harvest system was developed based on electrolysis, referred to here as a continuous electrolytic microalgae (CEM) harvest system. This innovative system combines cultivation and harvesting and enables continuous and efficient concentration of microalgae. The electrodes were subject to a polarity exchange (PE) in the middle of the operation to further improve the harvest efficiency. Use of PE, rather than conventional electro-coagulation-flotation (ECF), led to more efficient cell recovery and more uniform recovery over the entire harvest chamber. In addition, PE increased the cell growth rate and the circulated cells remained intact after harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungmin Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehakno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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Electrocoagulation as a tertiary treatment for paper mill wastewater: Removal of non-biodegradable organic pollution and arsenic. Sep Purif Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Amani-Ghadim A, Aber S, Olad A, Ashassi-Sorkhabi H. Influence of anions on Reactive Red 43 removal in electrochemical coagulation process. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.10.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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