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Validation of Voltammetric Methods for Online Analysis of Platinum Dissolution in a Hydrogen PEM Fuel Cell Stack. ELECTROCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/electrochem3040048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum dissolution in PEM fuel cells is an increasingly important indicator for the state-of-health and lifetime prediction of fuel cells in real applications. For this reason, portable online analysis tools are needed that can detect and quantify platinum with high sensitivity, selectivity, and accuracy in the product water of fuel cells. We validated the hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) and non-toxic bismuth film electrodes for the voltammetric determination of platinum for this purpose. Bismuth films were prepared by reductive deposition on both a glassy carbon solid state electrode and on a screen-printed electrode (film on-chip electrode). Both bismuth film electrodes could be successfully validated for the determination of platinum by adsorptive stripping voltammetry. An LOD of 7.9 μg/L and an LOQ of 29.1 μg/L were determined for the bismuth film solid state electrode, values of 22.5 μg/L for the LOD and of 79.0 μg/L for the LOQ were obtained for the bismuth film on-chip electrode. These numbers are still much higher than the results measured with the HMDE (LOD: 0.76 ng/L; LOQ: 2.8 ng/L) and are not sufficient to detect platinum in the product water of a fuel cell run in different load tests. The amount of dissolved platinum produced by a 100 W fuel cell stack upon dynamic and continuous high load cycling, respectively, was in the range of 2.9–4.1 ng/L, which could only be detected by the HMDE.
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Krasnodębska-Ostręga B, Sadowska M, Miecznikowski K. Selective determination of Pd nanostructures in environmental matrices - Application of a carbon monoxide probe. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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3
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Zhao K, Ge L, Lisak G. Facile synthesis of electrocatalytically active bismuth oxide nanosheets for detection of palladium traces in pharmaceutical wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 307:119524. [PMID: 35636716 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Current synthesis routes of bismuth oxide nanosheets (BiONS) are relatively complicated, requiring the use of halogens or metalloids. Herein, a facile method to synthesize BiONS without the addition of halogens or other metalloids was developed. The synthesized BiONS were identified to have flake-shaped structures (300-1000 nm in width) with the thickness of 6-10 nm, which were predominantly made of β-Bi2O3. Such BiONS were applied to modify the surface of screen-printed carbon electrodes (BiONS-SPCEs) for the development of a robust palladium (Pd2+) sensor. After optimizing the electrochemical parameters of the sensor, it was found that the linear sensor response range and limit of detection for Pd2+ were 40-400 and 1.4 ppb, respectively. The electrocatalytic activity of the Pd2+-sensor was validated in the competing environment of other metal and metalloid ions. Real samples collected during a Pd recovery process from pharmaceutical wastewater were used to verify the application of BiONS-SPCEs in control of palladium recovery process. The quantitative results of post recovery palladium concentrations obtained using BiONS-SPCEs in treated pharmaceutical wastewater samples were in good agreement with those obtained by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Thus, such Pd2+-sensor provided the possibility of on-site process control of complex industrial samples for obtaining near-instant information that would lead to better management of resources used in the process, and same time assure environmental standards for both recovered products and processed discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhao
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3C), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Liya Ge
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3C), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore
| | - Grzegorz Lisak
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3C), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
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Okpara EC, Fayemi OE, Wojuola OB, Onwudiwe DC, Ebenso EE. Electrochemical detection of selected heavy metals in water: a case study of African experiences. RSC Adv 2022; 12:26319-26361. [PMID: 36275116 PMCID: PMC9475415 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02733j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The safety of water resources throughout the globe has been compromised by various human activities and climate change over the last decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enyioma C. Okpara
- Department of Physics, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Omolola E. Fayemi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
- Material Science Innovation and Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Olanrewaju B. Wojuola
- Department of Physics, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Damian C. Onwudiwe
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
- Material Science Innovation and Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Eno E. Ebenso
- College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa
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Rydchuk P, Labyk O, Oleksiv L, Tymoshuk O, Chaban T. Voltammetric Determination of Pd(II) Using 5-Hydroxyimino-4-imino-1,3-thiazolidin-2-one after a Thermal Activation of the Interaction. CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.23939/chcht15.03.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of Pd(II) with 5-hydroxyimino-4-imino-1,3-thiazolidin-2-one (HITO) was investigated over the pH range of 1.0–10.0. Optimal conditions for the voltammetric determination of Pd(II) were established. A new voltammetric method of Pd(II) determination by the peak of complex using NaCl as a supporting electrolyte at pH 2.0 was developed with the limit of detection 2.0∙10-7 M. The study of the method’s selectivity was presented in the work. The correctness of the method was confirmed by the analysis of model solutions and the real sample (resistor SP5-35B).
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Electrochemical Determination of Lead & Copper Ions Using Thiolated Calix[4]arene-Modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9070157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This study used a thiolated calix[4]arene derivative modified on gold nanoparticles and a screen-printed carbon electrode (TC4/AuNPs/SPCE) for Pb2+ and Cu2+ determination. The surface of the modified electrode was characterised via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used for the detection of Pb2+ and Cu2+ under optimum conditions. The limit of detection (LOD) for detecting Pb2+ and Cu2+ was 0.7982 × 10−2 ppm and 1.3358 × 10−2 ppm, respectively. Except for Zn2+ and Hg2+, the presence of competitive ions caused little effect on the current response when detecting Pb2+. However, all competitive ions caused a significant drop in the current response when detecting Cu2+, except Ca2+ and Mg2+, suggesting the sensing platform is more selective toward Pb2+ ions rather than copper (Cu2+) ions. The electrochemical sensor demonstrated good reproducibility and excellent stability with a low relative standard deviation (RSD) value in detecting lead and copper ions. Most importantly, the result obtained in the analysis of Pb2+ and Cu2+ had good recovery in river water, demonstrating the applicability of the developed sensor for real samples.
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Okpara EC, Nde SC, Fayemi OE, Ebenso EE. Electrochemical Characterization and Detection of Lead in Water Using SPCE Modified with BiONPs/PANI. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1294. [PMID: 34069149 PMCID: PMC8156766 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The need for constant assessment of river water qualities for both aquatic and other biological survival has emerged a top priority, due to increasing exposure to industrial pollutants. A disposable screen print carbon electrode was modified with a conductive polymer (PANI) and Zn and/or Cu oxides NPs, obtained through bioreduction in citrus peel extracts (lemon and orange), for ultra-sensitive detection of PB2+, in the Crocodile River water sample. The synthesized materials were characterized with Fourier-transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), ultra-violet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SPC-modified electrodes designated as SPCE/LPE/BiONPs/PANI and SPCE/OPE/BiONPs/PANI were characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and eventually deployed in the electrochemical detection of PB2+ in water using square wave voltammetry (SWV) technique. The electrochemical responses of the modified electrodes for both CV and EIS in 0.1 M HCl demonstrated enhanced performance relative to the bare SPCE. A detection and quantification limit of 0.494 ppb and 1.647 were obtained at SPCE/LPE/BiONPs/PANI, respectively, while a detection and quantification limit of 2.79 ppb and 8.91 ppb, respectively, were derived from SPCE/OPE/BiONPs/PANI. The relative standard deviations (RSD) for SPC electrode at a 6.04 µM PB2+ analyte concentration was 4.76% and 0.98% at SPCE/LPE/BiONPs/PANI and SPCE/LPE/BiONPs/PANI, respectively. The effect of copper, zinc, iron, cobalt, nickel, and magnesium on the stripping peaks of PB2+ at SPCE/OPE/BiONPs/PANI, showed no significant change except for cobalt, with about 17.67% peak current drop. The sensors were assessed for possible determination of PB2+ in spiked river water samples. The average percentage recovery and RSD calculated were 94.25% and 3.74% (n = 3) at SPCE/LPE/BiONPs/PANI and, 96.70% and 3.71% (n = 3) at SPCE/OPE/BiONPs/PANI, respectively. Therefore, the fabricated sensor material could be used for environmental assessment of this highly toxic heavy metal in the aquatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enyioma C. Okpara
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa;
- Material Science Innovation and Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Samuel Che Nde
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa;
| | - Omolola E. Fayemi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa;
- Material Science Innovation and Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Eno E. Ebenso
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa;
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Trommetter G, Dumoulin D, Billon G. Development and validation of DGT passive samplers for the quantification of Ir, Pd, Pt, Rh and Ru: A challenging application in waters impacted by urban activities. Talanta 2021; 223:121707. [PMID: 33303157 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Platinum group elements (PGEs) are among the least abundant in the continental crust. They have become excellent tracers of anthropogenic activities, particularly due to their use in catalytic converters or in the medical industry. However, their quantification in environmental matrices is still problematic because of their low concentrations combined with the presence of interfering elements. Preconcentration methods are therefore necessary to measure accurate concentrations. In this study, the quantification of Ir, Rh, Ru, Pd and Pt was studied in depth by focusing on two resins: AG MP-1 (anion exchange) and Purolite® S-920 (chelating) with the aim of developing passive Diffusive Gradients in Thin films (DGT) samplers as in-situ pre-concentration tools. The characteristics of both resins (e.g. adsorption, elution, selectivity, etc.) were studied and the diffusion coefficients of PGEs in different matrices were determined. For the first time, carcinostatic platinum-based drugs were also studied. Better rates and percentages of adsorption were observed for S-920 while AG MP-1 was more selective with regard to spectral interferents and easier to elute. The diffusion coefficients of PGEs were resin-dependent, particularly for carcinostatic platinum-based drugs. For the first time, the applicability of these DGT samplers dedicated to PGEs was demonstrated in the field after their deployment in two wastewater treatment plants in Northern France for which concentrations were found to range from few pg L-1 (Ir, Ru) to few ng L-1 (Pt).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Trommetter
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIRE - LAboratoire de Spectroscopie pour Les Interactions, La Réactivité et L'Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - D Dumoulin
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIRE - LAboratoire de Spectroscopie pour Les Interactions, La Réactivité et L'Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - G Billon
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIRE - LAboratoire de Spectroscopie pour Les Interactions, La Réactivité et L'Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France
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Sadowska M, Kińska K, Kowalska J, Krasnodębska-Ostręga B. Sample pretreatment for voltammetric determination of Pd - selective separation and preconcentration using Cellex-T. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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Spectroscopic and Voltammetric Analysis of Platinum Group Metals in Road Dust and Roadside Soil. ENVIRONMENTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/environments5110120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The emission of toxic compounds by increasing anthropogenic activities affects human health and the environment. Heavy road traffic and mining activities are the major anthropogenic activities contributing to the presence of metals in the environment. The release of palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), and rhodium (Rh) into the environment increases the levels of contamination in soils, road sediments, airborne particles, and plants. These Pd, Pt, and Rh in road dusts can be soluble and enter aquatic environment posing a risk to environment and human health. The aim of this study is to determine the levels of Pd, Pt, and Rh with spectroscopy and voltammetric methods. Potential interferences by other metal ions (Na(I), Fe(III), Ni(II), Co(II)) in voltammetric methods have also been investigated in this study. At all the sampling sites very low concentrations of Pd, Pt, and Rh were found at levels that range from 0.48 ± 0.05 to 5.44 ± 0.11 ng/g (dry weight (d.wt)) for Pd(II), with 17.28 ± 3.12 to 81.44 ± 3.07 pg/g (d.wt) for Pt(II), and 14.34 ± 3.08 to 53.35 ± 4.07 pg/g (d.wt) for Rh(III). The instrumental limit of detection for Pd, Pt, and Rh for Inductively Coupled Plasma Quadrupole-based Mass Spectrometry (ICP-QMS) analysis was found to be 3 × 10−6 µg/g, 3 × 10−6 µg/g and 1 × 10−6 µg/g, respectively. In the case of voltammetric analysis the instrumental limit of detection for Pd(II), Pt(II), and Rh(III) for differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry was found to be 7 × 10−8 µg/g, 6 × 10−8 µg/g, and 2 × 10−7 µg/g, respectively. For the sensor application, good precision was obtained due to consistently reproduced the measurements with a reproducibility of 6.31% for Pt(II), 7.58% for Pd(II), and 5.37% for Rh(III) (n = 10). The reproducibility for ICP-QMS analysis were 1.58% for Pd(II), 1.12% for Pt(II), and 1.37% for Rh(III) (n = 5). In the case of repeatability for differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry (DPAdSV) and ICP-QMS, good standard deviations of 0.01 for Pd(II); 0.02 for Pt(II), 0.009 for Rh(III) and 0.011 for Pd, 0.019 for Pt and 0.013 for Rh, respectively.
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11
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Voltammetric and Spectroscopic Determination of Rare Earth Elements in Fresh and Surface Water Samples. ENVIRONMENTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/environments5100112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for rare earth elements in green technology, electronic components, petroleum refining, and agricultural activities has resulted in their scattering and accumulation in the environment. This study determined cerium, lanthanum and praseodymium in environmental water samples with the help of adsorptive differential pulse stripping voltammetry (AdDPSV) and inductive coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). A comparison of the results of these two analytical techniques was also made. The accuracy and precision of the methods were evaluated by spiking water samples with a known amount of REEs. The detection limit obtained for the stripping analysis was 0.10 μg/L for Ce(III), and 2.10 μg/L for combined La(III) and Pr(III). The spectroscopic method of determination by ICP-OES was applied to the same samples to evaluate the effectiveness of the voltammetry procedure. The ICP-OES detection limit obtained was 2.45, 3.12 and 3.90 μg/L for Ce(III), La(III) and Pr(III), respectively. The results obtained from the two techniques showed low detection limits in voltammetry; the ICP-OES method achieved better simultaneous analysis. This sensor has been successfully applied for the determination of cerium, lanthanum, and praseodymium in environmental water samples, offering good results.
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Al-Harbi EA, El-Shahawi MS. Square Wave-Anodic Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Copper at a Bismuth Film/Glassy Carbon Electrode Using 3-[(2-Mercapto-Vinyl)-Hydrazono]- 1,3-Dihydro-Indol-2-One. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eman A. Al-Harbi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Taibah University; Al-Madina Al-Mounawara Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad S. El-Shahawi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah, P.O. Box 21589 Saudi Arabia
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Screen-Printed Electrodes Modified with "Green" Metals for Electrochemical Stripping Analysis of Toxic Elements. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18041032. [PMID: 29596391 PMCID: PMC5948781 DOI: 10.3390/s18041032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This work reviews the field of screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) modified with “green” metals for electrochemical stripping analysis of toxic elements. Electrochemical stripping analysis has been established as a useful trace analysis technique offering many advantages compared to competing optical techniques. Although mercury has been the preferred electrode material for stripping analysis, the toxicity of mercury and the associated legal requirements in its use and disposal have prompted research towards the development of “green” metals as alternative electrode materials. When combined with the screen-printing technology, such environment-friendly metals can lead to disposable sensors for trace metal analysis with excellent operational characteristics. This review focuses on SPEs modified with Au, Bi, Sb, and Sn for stripping analysis of toxic elements. Different modification approaches (electroplating, bulk modification, use of metal precursors, microengineering techniques) are considered and representative applications are described. A developing related field, namely biosensing based on stripping analysis of metallic nanoprobe labels, is also briefly mentioned.
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Kolpakova NA, Oskina YA, Sabitova ZK. Determination of Rh(III) by stripping voltammetry on a graphite electrode modified with lead. J Solid State Electrochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-018-3898-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Monteiro CE, Cobelo-Garcia A, Caetano M, Correia Dos Santos MM. Improved voltammetric method for simultaneous determination of Pt and Rh using second derivative signal transformation - application to environmental samples. Talanta 2017; 175:1-8. [PMID: 28841964 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The determination of Platinum-group elements (PGE) in relevant environmental matrices is a challenging task. Sensitive and accurate analytical procedures for simultaneous determination of Pt and Rh are still needed. In this study, we report for the first time on the use of second derivative signal transformation to the ultra-trace simultaneous determination of Pt and Rh by Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry (AdCSV). With that step, the ill-defined peaks typically observed in the original voltammograms are transformed into well-shaped peaks, resulting in accurate detection. The experimental conditions were investigated and optimised: a suitable electrolyte for both elements, with less reagents consumption, (0.25M H2SO4, 0.05M HCl, 0.01M FA and 0.5mM HZ), deposition time (td) and deposition potential (Ed). For td = 120s and Ed = -0.75V, linear relationships r > 0.999 were obtained in the concentration range up to 5.8ngL-1 (27 pM) for Pt and up to 3.4ngL-1 (34 pM) for Rh. Limits of detection were 0.2ngL-1 for Pt and 0.08ngL-1 for Rh. Lower values can be achieved by increasing the deposition time. Limits of quantification, LOQ, calculated as 3 times LOD, were 0.5ngL-1 for Pt and 0.2ngL-1 for Rh. The sensitivity of Pt was affected by elevated Zn concentrations, whereas a minor effect was observed for Rh. However, Pt and Rh determinations were not influenced using the standard addition method. Precision as intermediate precision and expressed as relative standard deviation, based on Pt and Rh spiked solutions and digested road dust CRM BCR-723 was 17% and 20% for Pt and Rh, respectively. Recoveries of CRM were around 90% for both elements. The method was successfully applied in the simultaneous determination of Pt and Rh in sediments from Tagus estuary and, for the first time, dissolved Rh was determined in water samples of a waste water treatment plant. Application of this technique in a multidisciplinary approach will be a relevant contribution to the current understanding of PGE cycle and fate in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E Monteiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; IPMA-Portuguese Institute of Sea and Atmosphere, Division of Environmental Oceanography and Bioprospection, Av. Brasilia, 1449-006 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Antonio Cobelo-Garcia
- Bioxeoquímica Mariña, Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas IIM-CSIC, Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Miguel Caetano
- IPMA-Portuguese Institute of Sea and Atmosphere, Division of Environmental Oceanography and Bioprospection, Av. Brasilia, 1449-006 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Margarida M Correia Dos Santos
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Voltammetric determination of metal ions beyond mercury electrodes. A review. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 990:11-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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17
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Pérez-Ràfols C, Trechera P, Serrano N, Díaz-Cruz JM, Ariño C, Esteban M. Determination of Pd(II) using an antimony film coated on a screen-printed electrode by adsorptive stripping voltammetry. Talanta 2017; 167:1-7. [PMID: 28340698 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.01.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Petroni JM, Lucca BG, Ferreira VS. Simple and Inexpensive Electrochemical Platform Based on Novel Homemade Carbon Ink and its Analytical Application for Determination of Nitrite. ELECTROANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201700117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno Gabriel Lucca
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais; Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; São Mateus, ES 29932-540 Brazil
| | - Valdir Souza Ferreira
- Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul; Campo Grande, MS 79074-460 Brazil
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Pikna L, Heželová M, Šestinová L. Application of different types of carbon nanotubes as PIGE surface modifier in Pd(II) electrochemical determination. PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/02726351.2016.1150372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Arduini F, Cinti S, Scognamiglio V, Moscone D, Palleschi G. How cutting-edge technologies impact the design of electrochemical (bio)sensors for environmental analysis. A review. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 959:15-42. [PMID: 28159104 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Through the years, scientists have developed cutting-edge technologies to make (bio)sensors more convenient for environmental analytical purposes. Technological advancements in the fields of material science, rational design, microfluidics, and sensor printing, have radically shaped biosensor technology, which is even more evident in the continuous development of sensing systems for the monitoring of hazardous chemicals. These efforts will be crucial in solving some of the problems constraining biosensors to reach real environmental applications, such as continuous analyses in field by means of multi-analyte portable devices. This review (with 203 refs.) covers the progress between 2010 and 2015 in the field of technologies enabling biosensor applications in environmental analysis, including i) printing technology, ii) nanomaterial technology, iii) nanomotors, iv) biomimetic design, and (v) microfluidics. Next section describes futuristic cutting-edge technologies that are gaining momentum in recent years, which furnish highly innovative aspects to biosensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Arduini
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems "INBB", Viale Medaglie d'Oro, 305, Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefano Cinti
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Scognamiglio
- Institute of Crystallography (IC-CNR), Via Salaria Km 29.300, 00015, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Danila Moscone
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems "INBB", Viale Medaglie d'Oro, 305, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palleschi
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems "INBB", Viale Medaglie d'Oro, 305, Rome, Italy
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Silwana B, Van Der Horst C, Iwuoha E, Somerset V. A brief review on recent developments of electrochemical sensors in environmental application for PGMs. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2016; 51:1233-1247. [PMID: 27715654 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2016.1212562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study offers a brief review of the latest developments and applications of electrochemical sensors for the detection of Platinum Group Metals (PGMs) using electrochemical sensors. In particular, significant advances in electrochemical sensors made over the past decade and sensing methodologies associated with the introduction of nanostructures are highlighted. Amongst a variety of detection methods that have been developed for PGMs, nanoparticles offer the unrivaled merits of high sensitivity. Rapid detection of PGMs is a key step to promote improvement of the public health and individual quality of life. Conventional methods to detect PGMs rely on time-consuming and labor intensive procedures such as extraction, isolation, enrichment, counting, etc., prior to measurement. This results in laborious sample preparation and testing over several days. This study reviewed the state-of-the-art application of nanoparticles (NPs) in electrochemical analysis of environmental pollutants. This review is intended to provide environmental scientists and engineers an overview of current rapid detection methods, a close look at the nanoparticles based electrodes and identification of knowledge gaps and future research needs. We summarize electrodes that have been used in the past for detection of PGMs. We describe several examples of applications in environmental electrochemical sensors and performance in terms of sensitivity and selectivity for all the sensors utilized for PGMs detection. NPs have promising potential to increase competitiveness of electrochemical sensors in environmental monitoring, though this review has focused mainly on sensors used in the past decade for PGMs detection. This review therefore provides a synthesis of outstanding performances in recent advances in the nanosensor application for PGMs determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongiwe Silwana
- a Natural Resources and the Environment (NRE), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) , Stellenbosch , South Africa
- b SensorLab , Department of Chemistry , University of the Western Cape , Bellville , South Africa
| | - Charlton Van Der Horst
- a Natural Resources and the Environment (NRE), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) , Stellenbosch , South Africa
- b SensorLab , Department of Chemistry , University of the Western Cape , Bellville , South Africa
| | - Emmanuel Iwuoha
- b SensorLab , Department of Chemistry , University of the Western Cape , Bellville , South Africa
| | - Vernon Somerset
- a Natural Resources and the Environment (NRE), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) , Stellenbosch , South Africa
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Silwana B, van der Horst C, Iwuoha E, Somerset V. Reduced Graphene Oxide Impregnated Antimony Nanoparticle Sensor for Electroanalysis of Platinum Group Metals. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201501071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bongiwe Silwana
- SensorLab, Department of Chemistry; University of the Western Cape; Bellville 7535 South Africa
- Natural Resources and the Environment (NRE); Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR); Stellenbosch 7600 South Africa
| | - Charlton van der Horst
- SensorLab, Department of Chemistry; University of the Western Cape; Bellville 7535 South Africa
- Natural Resources and the Environment (NRE); Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR); Stellenbosch 7600 South Africa
| | - Emmanuel Iwuoha
- SensorLab, Department of Chemistry; University of the Western Cape; Bellville 7535 South Africa
| | - Vernon Somerset
- Natural Resources and the Environment (NRE); Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR); Stellenbosch 7600 South Africa
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Improvement of the ultra-trace voltammetric determination of Rh in environmental samples using signal transformation. Talanta 2016; 146:737-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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New voltammetric sensor based on the renewable bismuth bulk annular band electrode and its application for the determination of palladium(II). Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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van der Horst C, Silwana B, Iwuoha E, Somerset V. Bismuth–silver bimetallic nanosensor application for the voltammetric analysis of dust and soil samples. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Gerent GG, Gonçalves CQ, da Silva PS, Spinelli A. In situ bismuth-film electrode for square-wave cathodic voltammetric detection of pendimethalin at nanomolar level. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.03.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Van der Horst C, Silwana B, Iwuoha E, Somerset V. Synthesis and Characterization of Bismuth-Silver Nanoparticles for Electrochemical Sensor Applications. ANAL LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2014.979357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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