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Polypyrrole Nanomaterials: Structure, Preparation and Application. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235139. [PMID: 36501534 PMCID: PMC9738686 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, nanostructured polypyrrole (PPy) has been widely studied because of its many specific properties, which have obvious advantages over bulk-structured PPy. This review outlines the main structures, preparation methods, physicochemical properties, potential applications, and future prospects of PPy nanomaterials. The preparation approaches include the soft micellar template method, hard physical template method and templateless method. Due to their excellent electrical conductivity, biocompatibility, environmental stability and reversible redox properties, PPy nanomaterials have potential applications in the fields of energy storage, biomedicine, sensors, adsorption and impurity removal, electromagnetic shielding, and corrosion resistant. Finally, the current difficulties and future opportunities in this research area are discussed.
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Huang YJ, Sahoo PK, Tsai DS, Lee CP. Recent Advances on Pt-Free Electro-Catalysts for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:5186. [PMID: 34500618 PMCID: PMC8433667 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since Prof. Grätzel and co-workers achieved breakthrough progress on dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) in 1991, DSSCs have been extensively investigated and wildly developed as a potential renewable power source in the last two decades due to their low cost, low energy-intensive processing, and high roll-to-roll compatibility. During this period, the highest efficiency recorded for DSSC under ideal solar light (AM 1.5G, 100 mW cm-2) has increased from ~7% to ~14.3%. For the practical use of solar cells, the performance of photovoltaic devices in several conditions with weak light irradiation (e.g., indoor) or various light incident angles are also an important item. Accordingly, DSSCs exhibit high competitiveness in solar cell markets because their performances are less affected by the light intensity and are less sensitive to the light incident angle. However, the most used catalyst in the counter electrode (CE) of a typical DSSC is platinum (Pt), which is an expensive noble metal and is rare on earth. To further reduce the cost of the fabrication of DSSCs on the industrial scale, it is better to develop Pt-free electro-catalysts for the CEs of DSSCs, such as transition metallic compounds, conducting polymers, carbonaceous materials, and their composites. In this article, we will provide a short review on the Pt-free electro-catalyst CEs of DSSCs with superior cell compared to Pt CEs; additionally, those selected reports were published within the past 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-June Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Prasanta Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan, Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar 751030, India;
| | - Dung-Sheng Tsai
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Pei Lee
- Department of Applied Physics and Chemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei 10048, Taiwan
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Wysocka‐Żołopa M, Breczko J, Grądzka E, Basa A, Goclon J, Dubis A, Winkler K. Oxidized MWCNTs as an Oxidizing Agent and Dopant in MWCNT@Polypyrrole Composite Formation**. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Wysocka‐Żołopa
- Department of Chemistry University of Bialystok Ciolkowskiego 1 K 15-245 Bialystok Poland
| | - Joanna Breczko
- Department of Chemistry University of Bialystok Ciolkowskiego 1 K 15-245 Bialystok Poland
| | - Emilia Grądzka
- Department of Chemistry University of Bialystok Ciolkowskiego 1 K 15-245 Bialystok Poland
| | - Anna Basa
- Department of Chemistry University of Bialystok Ciolkowskiego 1 K 15-245 Bialystok Poland
| | - Jakub Goclon
- Department of Chemistry University of Bialystok Ciolkowskiego 1 K 15-245 Bialystok Poland
| | - Alina Dubis
- Department of Chemistry University of Bialystok Ciolkowskiego 1 K 15-245 Bialystok Poland
| | - Krzysztof Winkler
- Department of Chemistry University of Bialystok Ciolkowskiego 1 K 15-245 Bialystok Poland
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Wang C, Rubakhin SS, Enright MJ, Sweedler JV, Nuzzo RG. 3D Particle Free Printing of Biocompatible Conductive Hydrogel Platforms for Neuron Growth and Electrophysiological Recording. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021; 31:2010246. [PMID: 34305503 PMCID: PMC8297588 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202010246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Electrically conductive 3D periodic microscaffolds are fabricated using a particle-free direct ink writing approach for use as neuronal growth and electrophysiological recording platforms. A poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA)/pyrrole ink, followed by chemical in situ polymerization of pyrrole, enables hydrogel printing through nozzles as small as 1 μm. These conductive hydrogels can pattern complex 2D and 3D structures and have good biocompatibility with test cell cultures (~94.5% viability after 7 days). Hydrogel arrays promote extensive neurite outgrowth of cultured Aplysia californica pedal ganglion neurons. This platform allows extracellular electrophysiological recording of steady-state and stimulated electrical neuronal activities. In summation, this 3D conductive ink printing process enables preparation of biocompatible and micron-sized structures to create customized in vitro electrophysiological recording platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | - Michael J Enright
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Jonathan V Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 71 RAL, Box 63-5, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Ralph G Nuzzo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801
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Sangiorgi N, Sangiorgi A, Tarterini F, Sanson A. Molecularly imprinted polypyrrole counter electrode for gel-state dye-sensitized solar cells. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Jin X, You L, Chen Z, Li Q. High-efficiency platinum-free quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells from polyaniline (polypyrrole)-carbon nanotube complex tailored conducting gel electrolytes and counter electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yuan H, Kong L, Li T, Zhang Q. A review of transition metal chalcogenide/graphene nanocomposites for energy storage and conversion. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sangiorgi N, Sanson A. Influence of electropolymerized polypyrrole optical properties on bifacial Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Raghunathan SP, Narayanan S, Poulose AC, Joseph R. Flexible regenerated cellulose/polypyrrole composite films with enhanced dielectric properties. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 157:1024-1032. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bai Y, Xu Y, Wang J, Gao M, Zhu J, Rehman WU. Electrochemically Prepared Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy- thiophene)/Polypyrrole Films with Hollow Micro-/Nanohorn Arrays as High-Efficiency Counter Electrodes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ChemElectroChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201600191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education and International Center for Dielectric Research; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Youlong Xu
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education and International Center for Dielectric Research; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education and International Center for Dielectric Research; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Mingqi Gao
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education and International Center for Dielectric Research; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Zhu
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education and International Center for Dielectric Research; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Wasif ur Rehman
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education and International Center for Dielectric Research; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
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Thuy CTT, Jung JH, Thogiti S, Jung WS, Ahn KS, Kim JH. Graphene coated alumina-modified polypyrrole composite films as an efficient Pt-free counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.04.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yu Y, Tang Q, He B, Chen H, Zhang Z, Yu L. Platinum alloy decorated polyaniline counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.12.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Li YY, Li CT, Yeh MH, Huang KC, Chen PW, Vittal R, Ho KC. Graphite with Different Structures as Catalysts for Counter Electrodes in Dye-sensitized Solar Cells. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Development of a conjugated polyaniline incorporated electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) composite membrane electrolyte for high performance dye-sensitized solar cells. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Sekkarapatti Ramasamy M, Nikolakapoulou A, Raptis D, Dracopoulos V, Paterakis G, Lianos P. Reduced graphene oxide/Polypyrrole/PEDOT composite films as efficient Pt-free counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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