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Li Q, Yan F, Texter J. Polymerized and Colloidal Ionic Liquids─Syntheses and Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3813-3931. [PMID: 38512224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The breadth and importance of polymerized ionic liquids (PILs) are steadily expanding, and this review updates advances and trends in syntheses, properties, and applications over the past five to six years. We begin with an historical overview of the genesis and growth of the PIL field as a subset of materials science. The genesis of ionic liquids (ILs) over nano to meso length-scales exhibiting 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D topologies defines colloidal ionic liquids, CILs, which compose a subclass of PILs and provide a synthetic bridge between IL monomers (ILMs) and micro to macro-scale PIL materials. The second focus of this review addresses design and syntheses of ILMs and their polymerization reactions to yield PILs and PIL-based materials. A burgeoning diversity of ILMs reflects increasing use of nonimidazolium nuclei and an expanding use of step-growth chemistries in synthesizing PIL materials. Radical chain polymerization remains a primary method of making PILs and reflects an increasing use of controlled polymerization methods. Step-growth chemistries used in creating some CILs utilize extensive cross-linking. This cross-linking is enabled by incorporating reactive functionalities in CILs and PILs, and some of these CILs and PILs may be viewed as exotic cross-linking agents. The third part of this update focuses upon some advances in key properties, including molecular weight, thermal properties, rheology, ion transport, self-healing, and stimuli-responsiveness. Glass transitions, critical solution temperatures, and liquidity are key thermal properties that tie to PIL rheology and viscoelasticity. These properties in turn modulate mechanical properties and ion transport, which are foundational in increasing applications of PILs. Cross-linking in gelation and ionogels and reversible step-growth chemistries are essential for self-healing PILs. Stimuli-responsiveness distinguishes PILs from many other classes of polymers, and it emphasizes the importance of segmentally controlling and tuning solvation in CILs and PILs. The fourth part of this review addresses development of applications, and the diverse scope of such applications supports the increasing importance of PILs in materials science. Adhesion applications are supported by ionogel properties, especially cross-linking and solvation tunable interactions with adjacent phases. Antimicrobial and antifouling applications are consequences of the cationic nature of PILs. Similarly, emulsion and dispersion applications rely on tunable solvation of functional groups and on how such groups interact with continuous phases and substrates. Catalysis is another significant application, and this is an historical tie between ILs and PILs. This component also provides a connection to diverse and porous carbon phases templated by PILs that are catalysts or serve as supports for catalysts. Devices, including sensors and actuators, also rely on solvation tuning and stimuli-responsiveness that include photo and electrochemical stimuli. We conclude our view of applications with 3D printing. The largest components of these applications are energy related and include developments for supercapacitors, batteries, fuel cells, and solar cells. We conclude with our vision of how PIL development will evolve over the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - John Texter
- Strider Research Corporation, Rochester, New York 14610-2246, United States
- School of Engineering, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan 48197, United States
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Maitland GL, Liu M, Neal TJ, Hammerton J, Han Y, Worrall SD, Topham PD, Derry MJ. Block copolymer synthesis in ionic liquid via polymerisation-induced self-assembly: a convenient route to gel electrolytes. Chem Sci 2024; 15:4416-4426. [PMID: 38516087 PMCID: PMC10952082 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06717c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
We report for the first time a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerisation-induced self-assembly (RAFT-PISA) formulation in ionic liquid (IL) that yields worm gels. A series of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-b-poly(benzyl methacrylate) (PHEMA-b-PBzMA) block copolymer nanoparticles were synthesised via RAFT dispersion polymerisation of benzyl methacrylate in the hydrophilic IL 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium dicyanamide, [EMIM][DCA]. This RAFT-PISA formulation can be controlled to afford spherical, worm-like and vesicular nano-objects, with free-standing gels being obtained over a broad range of PBzMA core-forming degrees of polymerisation (DPs). High monomer conversions (≥96%) were obtained within 2 hours for all PISA syntheses as determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy, and good control over molar mass was confirmed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Nanoparticle morphologies were identified using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and further detailed characterisation was conducted to monitor rheological, electrochemical and thermal characteristics of the nanoparticle dispersions to assess their potential in future electronic applications. Most importantly, this new PISA formulation in IL facilitates the in situ formation of worm ionogel electrolyte materials at copolymer concentrations >4% w/w via efficient and convenient synthesis routes without the need for organic co-solvents or post-polymerisation processing/purification. Moreover, we demonstrate that the worm ionogels developed in this work exhibit comparable electrochemical properties and thermal stability to that of the IL alone, showcasing their potential as gel electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia L Maitland
- Aston Advanced Materials Research Centre, Aston University Birmingham B4 7ET UK
| | - Mingyu Liu
- Aston Advanced Materials Research Centre, Aston University Birmingham B4 7ET UK
| | - Thomas J Neal
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - James Hammerton
- Aston Advanced Materials Research Centre, Aston University Birmingham B4 7ET UK
| | - Yisong Han
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Stephen D Worrall
- Aston Advanced Materials Research Centre, Aston University Birmingham B4 7ET UK
| | - Paul D Topham
- Aston Advanced Materials Research Centre, Aston University Birmingham B4 7ET UK
| | - Matthew J Derry
- Aston Advanced Materials Research Centre, Aston University Birmingham B4 7ET UK
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Zhang Z, Zhao R, Wang S, Meng J. Recent advances in bio-inspired ionic liquid-based interfacial materials from preparation to application. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1117944. [PMID: 36741752 PMCID: PMC9892770 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1117944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural creatures always display unique and charming functions, such as the adhesion of mussels and the lubrication of Nepenthes, to maintain their life activities. Bio-inspired interfacial materials infused with liquid, especially for ionic liquids (ILs), have been designed and prepared to meet the emerging and rising needs of human beings. In this review, we first summarize the recent development of bio-inspired IL-based interfacial materials (BILIMs), ranging from the synthesis strategy to the design principle. Then, we discuss the advanced applications of BILIMs from anti-adhesive aspects (e.g., anti-biofouling, anti-liquid fouling, and anti-solid fouling) to adhesive aspects (e.g., biological sensor, adhesive tape, and wound dressing). Finally, the current limitations and future prospects of BILIMs are provided to feed the actual needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shutao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Qingdao Casfuture Research Institute Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Jingxin Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Qingdao Casfuture Research Institute Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
- Binzhou Institute of Technology, Binzhou, China
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Xu L, Huang Z, Deng Z, Du Z, Sun TL, Guo ZH, Yue K. A Transparent, Highly Stretchable, Solvent-Resistant, Recyclable Multifunctional Ionogel with Underwater Self-Healing and Adhesion for Reliable Strain Sensors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2105306. [PMID: 34647370 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ionogels have gained increasing attentions as a flexible conductive material. However, it remains a big challenge to integrate multiple functions into one gel that can be widely applied in various complex scenes. Herein, a kind of multifunctional ionogels with a combination of desirable properties, including transparency, high stretchability, solvent and temperature resistance, recyclability, high conductivity, underwater self-healing ability, and underwater adhesiveness is reported. The ionogels are prepared via one-step photoinitiated polymerization of 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl acrylate and acrylamide in a hydrophobic ionic liquid. The abundant noncovalent interactions including hydrogen bonding and ion-dipole interactions endow the ionogels with excellent mechanical strength, resilience, and rapid self-healing capability at room temperature, while the fluorine-rich polymeric matrix brings in high tolerance against water and various organic solvents, as well as tough underwater adhesion on different substrates. Wearable strain sensors based on the ionogels can sensitively detect and differentiate large body motions, such as bending of limbs, walking and jumping, as well as subtle muscle movements, such as pronunciation and pulse. It is believed that the designed ionogels will show great promises in wearable devices and ionotronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liguo Xu
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhenkai Huang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhishuang Deng
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhukang Du
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Tao Lin Sun
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zi-Hao Guo
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Kan Yue
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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Tomé LC, Porcarelli L, Bara JE, Forsyth M, Mecerreyes D. Emerging iongel materials towards applications in energy and bioelectronics. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:3239-3265. [PMID: 34750597 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01263k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the past two decades, ionic liquids (ILs) have blossomed as versatile task-specific materials with a unique combination of properties, which can be beneficial for a plethora of different applications. The additional need of incorporating ILs into solid devices led to the development of a new class of ionic soft-solid materials, named here iongels. Nowadays, iongels cover a wide range of materials mostly composed of an IL component immobilized within different matrices such as polymers, inorganic networks, biopolymers or inorganic nanoparticles. This review aims at presenting an integrated perspective on the recent progress and advances in this emerging type of material. We provide an analysis of the main families of iongels and highlight the emerging types of these ionic soft materials offering additional properties, such as thermoresponsiveness, self-healing, mixed ionic/electronic properties, and (photo)luminescence, among others. Next, recent trends in additive manufacturing (3D printing) of iongels are presented. Finally, their new applications in the areas of energy, gas separation and (bio)electronics are detailed and discussed in terms of performance, underpinning it to the structural features and processing of iongel materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana C Tomé
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avda. Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastian 20018, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
| | - Luca Porcarelli
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avda. Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastian 20018, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3217, Australia
| | - Jason E Bara
- University of Alabama, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0203, USA
| | - Maria Forsyth
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avda. Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastian 20018, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3217, Australia
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avda. Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastian 20018, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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Gonçalves WB, Cervantes EP, Pádua ACCS, Santos G, Palma SICJ, Li RWC, Roque ACA, Gruber J. Ionogels Based on a Single Ionic Liquid for Electronic Nose Application. CHEMOSENSORS 2021; 9:201. [PMID: 35855953 PMCID: PMC7613049 DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9080201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Ionogel are versatile materials, as they present the electrical properties of ionic liquids and also dimensional stability, since they are trapped in a solid matrix, allowing application in electronic devices such as gas sensors and electronic noses. In this work, ionogels were designed to act as a sensitive layer for the detection of volatiles in a custom-made electronic nose. Ionogels composed of gelatin and a single imidazolium ionic liquid were doped with bare and functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles, producing ionogels with adjustable target selectivity. After exposing an array of four ionogels to 12 distinct volatile organic compounds, the collected signals were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) and by several supervised classification methods, in order to assess the ability of the electronic nose to distinguish different volatiles, which showed accuracy above 98%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wellington B. Gonçalves
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Evelyn P. Cervantes
- Departamento de Ciência da Computação, Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 1010, São Paulo 05508-090, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana C. C. S. Pádua
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Santos
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Susana I. C. J. Palma
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rosamaria W. C. Li
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
- Centro Universitário UniBTA, Rua Afonso Sardinha, 201, São Paulo 05076-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana C. A. Roque
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jonas Gruber
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-999037646
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Weng D, Xu F, Li X, Li S, Li Y, Sun J. Polymeric Complex-Based Transparent and Healable Ionogels with High Mechanical Strength and Ionic Conductivity as Reliable Strain Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:57477-57485. [PMID: 33306340 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Transparent and healable ionogels with very high mechanical strength, ionic conductivity, and resilience were fabricated for use as strain sensors with satisfactory reliability. The ionogels were fabricated by casting an aqueous solution of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) complexes and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([EMIm][DCA]), followed by evaporation of water at room temperature. The use of [EMIm][DCA] endowed the resulting ionogels with ionic conductivity at room temperature as high as 19.7 mS cm-1. Owing to the synergy between the abundant number of hydrogen bonds between PVA and PVP and the crystallized PVA segments that served as nanofillers, the resulting ionogels had good mechanical properties with a tensile stress of 7.7 MPa, a strain of 821%, and good resilience. In addition, the resulting ionogels showed rapid and repeatable sensing signals over a wide strain range (0.1-400%). This enabled them to detect both vigorous muscle movements, such as walking and jumping, and subtle muscle movements, such as pulse. Moreover, owing to the reversibility of hydrogen bonds, physically damaged mechanical properties, conductivity, and sensing ability of the ionogels could be conveniently healed with the assistance of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehui Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuchang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Siheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
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Du H, Wu Z, Xu Y, Liu S, Yang H. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Based Solid-State Polymer Supercapacitor with Ionic Liquid Gel Polymer Electrolyte. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E297. [PMID: 32024287 PMCID: PMC7077379 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, solid-state polymer supercapacitor (SSC) was assembled using poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene/carbon paper (PEDOT/CP) as an electrode and ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate)/polyvinyl alcohol/sulfuric acid (IL/PVA/H2SO4) as a gel polymer electrolyte (GPE). The GPE was treated through freezing-thawing (F/T) cycles to improve the electrochemical properties of PEDOT SSC. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements (GCD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques and conductivity were carried out to study the electrochemical performance. The results showed that the SSC based on ionic liquid GPE (SSC-IL/PVA/H2SO4) has a higher specific capacitance (with the value of 86.81 F/g at 1 mA/cm2) than the SSC-PVA/H2SO4.The number of F/T cycles has a great effect on the electrochemical performance of the device. The energy density of the SSC treated with 3 F/T cycles was significantly improved, reaching 176.90 Wh/kg. Compared with the traditional electrolytes, IL GPE has the advantages of high ionic conductivity, less volatility, non-flammability and wider potential window. Moreover, the IL GPE has excellent elastic recovery and self-healing performance, leading to its great potential applications in flexible or smart energy storage equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Du
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Yingze West Street 79, Taiyuan 030024, China; (Z.W.); (Y.X.); (S.L.)
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Synthesis and characterization of novel p-type chemically cross-linked ionogels with high ionic seebeck coefficient for low-grade heat harvesting. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.134575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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10
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Liu L, Wu Y, Chi F, Yi Z, Wang H, Li W, Zhang Y, Zhang X. An efficient quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell with gradient polyaniline-graphene/PtNi tailored gel electrolyte. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.05.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Liu X, Taiwo OO, Yin C, Ouyang M, Chowdhury R, Wang B, Wang H, Wu B, Brandon NP, Wang Q, Cooper SJ. Aligned Ionogel Electrolytes for High-Temperature Supercapacitors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1801337. [PMID: 30886792 PMCID: PMC6402534 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ionogels are a new class of promising materials for use in all-solid-state energy storage devices in which they can function as an integrated separator and electrolyte. However, their performance is limited by the presence of a crosslinking polymer, which is needed to improve the mechanical properties, but compromises their ionic conductivity. Here, directional freezing is used followed by a solvent replacement method to prepare aligned nanocomposite ionogels which exhibit enhanced ionic conductivity, good mechanical strength, and thermal stability simultaneously. The aligned ionogel based supercapacitor achieves a 29% higher specific capacitance (176 F g-1 at 25 °C and 1 A g-1) than an equivalent nonaligned form. Notably, this thermally stable aligned ionogel has a high ionic conductivity of 22.1 mS cm-1 and achieves a high specific capacitance of 167 F g-1 at 10 A g-1 and 200 °C. Furthermore, the diffusion simulations conducted on 3D reconstructed tomography images are employed to explain the improved conductivity in the relevant direction of the aligned structure compared to the nonaligned. This work demonstrates the synthesis, analysis, and use of aligned ionogels as supercapacitor separators and electrolytes, representing a promising direction for the development of wearable electronics coupled with image based process and simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Liu
- School of Chemical Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai200092P. R. China
- Dyson School of Design EngineeringImperial College LondonSouth KensingtonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | | | - Chengyao Yin
- School of Chemical Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai200092P. R. China
| | - Mengzheng Ouyang
- Earth Science and EngineeringImperial College LondonSouth KensingtonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Ridwanur Chowdhury
- Earth Science and EngineeringImperial College LondonSouth KensingtonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Baofeng Wang
- College of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringShanghai University of Electric PowerShanghai200090P. R. China
| | - Huizhi Wang
- Mechanical EngineeringImperial College LondonSouth KensingtonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Billy Wu
- Dyson School of Design EngineeringImperial College LondonSouth KensingtonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Nigel P. Brandon
- Earth Science and EngineeringImperial College LondonSouth KensingtonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Qigang Wang
- School of Chemical Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai200092P. R. China
| | - Samuel J. Cooper
- Dyson School of Design EngineeringImperial College LondonSouth KensingtonLondonSW7 2AZUK
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13
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Marullo S, Rizzo C, Dintcheva NT, Giannici F, D'Anna F. Ionic liquids gels: Soft materials for environmental remediation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 517:182-193. [PMID: 29425955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.01.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Nanostructured sorbents and, in particular, supramolecular gels are emerging as efficient materials for the removal of toxic contaminants from water, like industrial dyes. It is also known that ionic liquids can dissolve significant amounts of dyes. Consequently, supramolecular ionic liquids gels could be highly efficient sorbents for dyes removal. This would also contribute to overcome the drawbacks associated with dye removal by liquid-liquid extraction with neat ionic liquids which would require large volumes of extractant and a more difficult separation of the phases. EXPERIMENTS Herein we employed novel supramolecular ionic liquid gels based on diimidazolium salts bearing naturally occurring or biomass derived anions, to adsorb cationic and anionic dyes from wastewaters. We also carried out a detailed investigation of thermal, structural, morphological and rheological features of our gels to identify which of them are key in designing better sorbents for environmental remediation. FINDINGS The most effective gels showed fast and thorough removal of cationic dyes like Rhodamine B. These gels could also be reused up to 20 times without any loss in removal efficiency. Overall, our ionic gels outperform most of gel-based sorbents systems so far reported in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Marullo
- Dipartimento STEBICEF-Sezione di Chimica-Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Carla Rizzo
- Dipartimento STEBICEF-Sezione di Chimica-Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Nadka T Dintcheva
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Aerospaziale, dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Giannici
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, I-90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca D'Anna
- Dipartimento STEBICEF-Sezione di Chimica-Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
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14
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Leyma R, Platzer S, Jirsa F, Kandioller W, Krachler R, Keppler BK. Novel thiosalicylate-based ionic liquids for heavy metal extractions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 314:164-171. [PMID: 27131456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to develop novel ammonium and phosphonium ionic liquids (ILs) with thiosalicylate (TS) derivatives as anions and evaluate their extracting efficiencies towards heavy metals in aqueous solutions. Six ILs were synthesized, characterized, and investigated for their extracting efficacies for cadmium, copper, and zinc. Liquid-liquid extractions of Cu, Zn, or Cd with ILs after 1-24h using model solutions (pH 7; 0.1M CaCl2) were assessed using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (F-AAS). Phosphonium-based ILs trihexyltetradecylphosphonium 2-(propylthio)benzoate [P66614][PTB] and 2-(benzylthio)benzoate [P66614][BTB] showed best extraction efficiency for copper and cadmium, respectively and zinc was extracted to a high degree by [P66614][BTB] exclusively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphlin Leyma
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Platzer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz Jirsa
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Wolfgang Kandioller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Regina Krachler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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15
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Zhang J, Xu D, Guo J, Sun Z, Qian W, Zhang Y, Yan F. CO2Responsive Imidazolium-Type Poly(Ionic Liquid) Gels. Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 37:1194-9. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; College of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Dan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; College of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Jiangna Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; College of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; College of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Wenjing Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; College of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; College of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Feng Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; College of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
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16
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Zhou T, Gao X, Lu F, Sun N, Zheng L. Facile preparation of supramolecular ionogels exhibiting high temperature durability as solid electrolytes. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj02432c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Facilely prepared supramolecular ionogels can remain in the gel state at high temperature and exhibit high conductivity and relatively low activation energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry
- Shandong University
- Ministry of Education
- Jinan
- P. R. China
| | - Xinpei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry
- Shandong University
- Ministry of Education
- Jinan
- P. R. China
| | - Fei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry
- Shandong University
- Ministry of Education
- Jinan
- P. R. China
| | - Na Sun
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry
- Shandong University
- Ministry of Education
- Jinan
- P. R. China
| | - Liqiang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry
- Shandong University
- Ministry of Education
- Jinan
- P. R. China
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17
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Zhao Y, Boström T. Ionic liquid and nanoparticle based magnetic electrolytes: Design, preparation, and electrochemical stability characterization. J Mol Liq 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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