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Oliveira AR, Costa HMA, Ramou E, Palma SICJ, Roque ACA. Effect of Polymer Hydrophobicity in the Performance of Hybrid Gel Gas Sensors for E-Noses. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:3531. [PMID: 37050591 PMCID: PMC10098550 DOI: 10.3390/s23073531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Relative humidity (RH) is a common interferent in chemical gas sensors, influencing their baselines and sensitivity, which can limit the performance of e-nose systems. Tuning the composition of the sensing materials is a possible strategy to control the impact of RH in gas sensors. Hybrid gel materials used as gas sensors contain self-assembled droplets of ionic liquid and liquid crystal molecules encapsulated in a polymeric matrix. In this work, we assessed the effect of the matrix hydrophobic properties in the performance of hybrid gel materials for VOC sensing in humid conditions (50% RH). We used two different polymers, the hydrophobic PDMS and the hydrophilic bovine gelatin, as polymeric matrices in hybrid gel materials containing imidazolium-based ionic liquids, [BMIM][Cl] and [BMIM][DCA], and the thermotropic liquid crystal 5CB. Better accuracy of VOC prediction is obtained for the hybrid gels composed of a PDMS matrix combined with the [BMIM][Cl] ionic liquid, and the use of this hydrophobic matrix reduces the effect of humidity on the sensing performance when compared to the gelatin counterpart. VOCs interact with all the moieties of the hybrid gel multicomponent system; thus, VOC correct classification depends not only on the polymeric matrix used, but also on the IL selected, which seems to be key to achieve VOCs discrimination at 50% RH. Thus, hybrid gels' tunable formulation offers the potential for designing complementary sensors for e-nose systems operable under different RH conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Oliveira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Henrique M. A. Costa
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Efthymia Ramou
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Susana I. C. J. Palma
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana Cecília A. Roque
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Ramou E, Palma SICJ, Roque ACA. A room temperature 9CB‐based chemical sensor. Nano Select 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202200153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Efthymia Ramou
- UCIBIO – Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit Department of Chemistry School of Science and Technology NOVA University Lisbon Caparica Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB – Institute for Health and Bioeconomy School of Science and Technology NOVA University Lisbon Caparica Portugal
| | - Susana I. C. J. Palma
- UCIBIO – Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit Department of Chemistry School of Science and Technology NOVA University Lisbon Caparica Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB – Institute for Health and Bioeconomy School of Science and Technology NOVA University Lisbon Caparica Portugal
| | - Ana Cecília A. Roque
- UCIBIO – Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit Department of Chemistry School of Science and Technology NOVA University Lisbon Caparica Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB – Institute for Health and Bioeconomy School of Science and Technology NOVA University Lisbon Caparica Portugal
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3
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Ramou E, Palma SICJ, Roque ACA. Correction to "Nanoscale Events on Cyanobiphenyl-Based Self-Assembled Droplets Triggered by Gas Analytes". ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:4859. [PMID: 36622845 PMCID: PMC9880948 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
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Ramou E, Palma SICJ, Roque ACA. Nanoscale Events on Cyanobiphenyl-Based Self-Assembled Droplets Triggered by Gas Analytes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:6261-6273. [PMID: 35044147 PMCID: PMC9241000 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystals (LCs) are prime examples of dynamic supramolecular soft materials. Their autonomous self-assembly at the nanoscale level and the further nanoscale events that give rise to unique stimuli-responsive properties have been exploited for sensing purposes. One of the key features to employ LCs as sensing materials derives from the fine-tuning between stability and dynamics. This challenging task was addressed in this work by studying the effect of the alkyl chain length of cyanobiphenyl LCs on the molecular self-assembled compartments organized in the presence of ionic liquid molecules and gelatin. The resulting multicompartment nematic and smectic gels were further used as volatile organic compound chemical sensors. The LC structures undergo a dynamic sequence of phase transitions, depending on the nature of the LC component, yielding a variety of optical signals, which serve as optical fingerprints. In particular, the materials incorporating smectic compartments resulted in unexpected and rich optical textures that have not been reported previously. Their sensing capability was tested in an in-house-assembled electronic nose and further assessed via signal collection and machine-learning algorithms based on support vector machines, which classified 12 different gas analytes with high accuracy scores. Our work expands the knowledge on controlling LC self-assembly to yield fast and autonomous accurate chemical-sensing systems based on the combination of complex nanoscale sensing events with artificial intelligence tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthymia Ramou
- Associate
Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School
of Science and Technology, NOVA University
Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied
Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science
and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Susana I. C. J. Palma
- Associate
Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School
of Science and Technology, NOVA University
Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied
Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science
and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana Cecília A. Roque
- Associate
Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School
of Science and Technology, NOVA University
Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied
Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science
and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Esteves C, Palma SICJ, Costa HMA, Alves C, Santos GMC, Ramou E, Carvalho AL, Alves V, Roque ACA. Tackling Humidity with Designer Ionic Liquid-Based Gas Sensing Soft Materials. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2107205. [PMID: 34873762 PMCID: PMC7613046 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Relative humidity is simultaneously a sensing target and a contaminant in gas and volatile organic compound (VOC) sensing systems, where strategies to control humidity interference are required. An unmet challenge is the creation of gas-sensitive materials where the response to humidity is controlled by the material itself. Here, humidity effects are controlled through the design of gelatin formulations in ionic liquids without and with liquid crystals as electrical and optical sensors, respectively. In this design, the anions [DCA]- and [Cl]- of room temperature ionic liquids from the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium family tailor the response to humidity and, subsequently, sensing of VOCs in dry and humid conditions. Due to the combined effect of the materials formulations and sensing mechanisms, changing the anion from [DCA]- to the much more hygroscopic [Cl]- , leads to stronger electrical responses and much weaker optical responses to humidity. Thus, either humidity sensors or humidity-tolerant VOC sensors that do not require sample preconditioning or signal processing to correct humidity impact are obtained. With the wide spread of 3D- and 4D-printing and intelligent devices, the monitoring and tuning of humidity in sustainable biobased materials offers excellent opportunities in e-nose sensing arrays and wearable devices compatible with operation at room conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Esteves
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Susana I C J Palma
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Henrique M A Costa
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Alves
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo M C Santos
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Efthymia Ramou
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Carvalho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Vitor Alves
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Ana C A Roque
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1349-017, Portugal
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Ramou E, Rebordão G, Palma SICJ, Roque ACA. Stable and Oriented Liquid Crystal Droplets Stabilized by Imidazolium Ionic Liquids. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26196044. [PMID: 34641588 PMCID: PMC8512111 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid crystals represent a fascinating intermediate state of matter, with dynamic yet organized molecular features and untapped opportunities in sensing. Several works report the use of liquid crystal droplets formed by microfluidics and stabilized by surfactants such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). In this work, we explore, for the first time, the potential of surface-active ionic liquids of the imidazolium family as surfactants to generate in high yield, stable and oriented liquid crystal droplets. Our results show that [C12MIM][Cl], in particular, yields stable, uniform and monodisperse droplets (diameter 74 ± 6 µm; PDI = 8%) with the liquid crystal in a radial configuration, even when compared with the standard SDS surfactant. These findings reveal an additional application for ionic liquids in the field of soft matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthymia Ramou
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (E.R.); (G.R.); (S.I.C.J.P.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Guilherme Rebordão
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (E.R.); (G.R.); (S.I.C.J.P.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Susana I. C. J. Palma
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (E.R.); (G.R.); (S.I.C.J.P.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana C. A. Roque
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (E.R.); (G.R.); (S.I.C.J.P.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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7
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Gonçalves WB, Cervantes EP, Pádua ACCS, Santos G, Palma SICJ, Li RWC, Roque ACA, Gruber J. Ionogels Based on a Single Ionic Liquid for Electronic Nose Application. Chemosensors 2021; 9:201. [PMID: 35855953 PMCID: PMC7613049 DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9080201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Ionogel are versatile materials, as they present the electrical properties of ionic liquids and also dimensional stability, since they are trapped in a solid matrix, allowing application in electronic devices such as gas sensors and electronic noses. In this work, ionogels were designed to act as a sensitive layer for the detection of volatiles in a custom-made electronic nose. Ionogels composed of gelatin and a single imidazolium ionic liquid were doped with bare and functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles, producing ionogels with adjustable target selectivity. After exposing an array of four ionogels to 12 distinct volatile organic compounds, the collected signals were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) and by several supervised classification methods, in order to assess the ability of the electronic nose to distinguish different volatiles, which showed accuracy above 98%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wellington B. Gonçalves
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Evelyn P. Cervantes
- Departamento de Ciência da Computação, Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 1010, São Paulo 05508-090, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana C. C. S. Pádua
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Santos
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Susana I. C. J. Palma
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rosamaria W. C. Li
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
- Centro Universitário UniBTA, Rua Afonso Sardinha, 201, São Paulo 05076-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana C. A. Roque
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jonas Gruber
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-999037646
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Rodrigues R, Palma SICJ, G Correia V, Padrão I, Pais J, Banza M, Alves C, Deuermeier J, Martins C, Costa HMA, Ramou E, Silva Pereira C, Roque ACA. Sustainable plant polyesters as substrates for optical gas sensors. Mater Today Bio 2020; 8:100083. [PMID: 33294837 PMCID: PMC7691741 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2020.100083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fast and non-invasive detection of odors and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by gas sensors and electronic noses is a growing field of interest, mostly due to a large scope of potential applications. Additional drivers for the expansion of the field include the development of alternative and sustainable sensing materials. The discovery that isolated cross-linked polymeric structures of suberin spontaneously self-assemble as a film inspired us to develop new sensing composite materials consisting of suberin and a liquid crystal (LC). Due to their stimuli-responsive and optically active nature, liquid crystals are interesting probes in gas sensing. Herein, we report the isolation and the chemical characterization of two suberin types (from cork and from potato peels) resorting to analyses of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The collected data highlighted their compositional and structural differences. Cork suberin showed a higher proportion of longer aliphatic constituents and is more esterified than potato suberin. Accordingly, when casted it formed films with larger surface irregularities and a higher C/O ratio. When either type of suberin was combined with the liquid crystal 5CB, the ensuing hybrid materials showed distinctive morphological and sensing properties towards a set of 12 VOCs (comprising heptane, hexane, chloroform, toluene, dichlormethane, diethylether, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, acetone, ethanol, methanol, and acetic acid). The optical responses generated by the materials are reversible and reproducible, showing stability for 3 weeks. The individual VOC-sensing responses of the two hybrid materials are discussed taking as basis the chemistry of each suberin type. A support vector machines (SVM) algorithm based on the features of the optical responses was implemented to assess the VOC identification ability of the materials, revealing that the two distinct suberin-based sensors complement each other, since they selectively identify distinct VOCs or VOC groups. It is expected that such new environmentally-friendly gas sensing materials derived from natural diversity can be combined in arrays to enlarge selectivity and sensing capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rodrigues
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - S I C J Palma
- UCIBIO, Chemistry Department, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - V G Correia
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - I Padrão
- UCIBIO, Chemistry Department, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - J Pais
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - M Banza
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal.,UCIBIO, Chemistry Department, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - C Alves
- UCIBIO, Chemistry Department, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - J Deuermeier
- i3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - C Martins
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - H M A Costa
- UCIBIO, Chemistry Department, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - E Ramou
- UCIBIO, Chemistry Department, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - C Silva Pereira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - A C A Roque
- UCIBIO, Chemistry Department, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
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9
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Rebordão G, Palma SICJ, Roque ACA. Microfluidics in Gas Sensing and Artificial Olfaction. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:s20205742. [PMID: 33050311 PMCID: PMC7601286 DOI: 10.3390/s20205742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Rapid, real-time, and non-invasive identification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and gases is an increasingly relevant field, with applications in areas such as healthcare, agriculture, or industry. Ideal characteristics of VOC and gas sensing devices used for artificial olfaction include portability and affordability, low power consumption, fast response, high selectivity, and sensitivity. Microfluidics meets all these requirements and allows for in situ operation and small sample amounts, providing many advantages compared to conventional methods using sophisticated apparatus such as gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. This review covers the work accomplished so far regarding microfluidic devices for gas sensing and artificial olfaction. Systems utilizing electrical and optical transduction, as well as several system designs engineered throughout the years are summarized, and future perspectives in the field are discussed.
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Palma SICJ, Esteves C, Pádua ACCS, Alves CM, Santos GMC, Costa HMA, Dionísio M, Gamboa H, Gruber J, Roque ACA. Enhanced Gas Sensing with Soft Functional Materials. ISOEN 2019 (2019) 2019; 2019:1-3. [PMID: 35939279 PMCID: PMC7613232 DOI: 10.1109/isoen.2019.8823178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The materials described in this work result from the self-assembly of liquid crystals and ionic liquids into droplets, stabilized within a biopolymeric matrix. These systems are extremely versatile gels, in terms of composition, and offer potential for fine tuning of both structure and function, as each individual component can be varied. Here, the characterization and application of these gels as sensing thin films in gas sensor devices is presented. The unique supramolecular structure of the gels is explored for molecular recognition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by employing gels with distinct formulations to yield combinatorial optical and electrical responses used in the distinction and identification of VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hugo Gamboa
- LIBPhys-UNL, Departamento de Física, FCT-NOVA, Portugal
| | - Jonas Gruber
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, S. Paulo, Brasil
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11
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Palma SICJ, Traguedo AP, Porteira AR, Frias MJ, Gamboa H, Roque ACA. Machine learning for the meta-analyses of microbial pathogens' volatile signatures. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3360. [PMID: 29463885 PMCID: PMC5820279 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21544-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive and fast diagnostic tools based on volatolomics hold great promise in the control of infectious diseases. However, the tools to identify microbial volatile organic compounds (VOCs) discriminating between human pathogens are still missing. Artificial intelligence is increasingly recognised as an essential tool in health sciences. Machine learning algorithms based in support vector machines and features selection tools were here applied to find sets of microbial VOCs with pathogen-discrimination power. Studies reporting VOCs emitted by human microbial pathogens published between 1977 and 2016 were used as source data. A set of 18 VOCs is sufficient to predict the identity of 11 microbial pathogens with high accuracy (77%), and precision (62-100%). There is one set of VOCs associated with each of the 11 pathogens which can predict the presence of that pathogen in a sample with high accuracy and precision (86-90%). The implemented pathogen classification methodology supports future database updates to include new pathogen-VOC data, which will enrich the classifiers. The sets of VOCs identified potentiate the improvement of the selectivity of non-invasive infection diagnostics using artificial olfaction devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana I C J Palma
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana P Traguedo
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana R Porteira
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Maria J Frias
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Hugo Gamboa
- LIBPhys-UNL, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana C A Roque
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
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12
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Hussain A, Semeano ATS, Palma SICJ, Pina AS, Almeida J, Medrado BF, Pádua ACCS, Carvalho AL, Dionísio M, Li RWC, Gamboa H, Ulijn RV, Gruber J, Roque ACA. Tunable Gas Sensing Gels by Cooperative Assembly. Adv Funct Mater 2017; 27:1700803. [PMID: 28747856 PMCID: PMC5524183 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201700803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The cooperative assembly of biopolymers and small molecules can yield functional materials with precisely tunable properties. Here, the fabrication, characterization, and use of multicomponent hybrid gels as selective gas sensors are reported. The gels are composed of liquid crystal droplets self-assembled in the presence of ionic liquids, which further coassemble with biopolymers to form stable matrices. Each individual component can be varied and acts cooperatively to tune gels' structure and function. The unique molecular environment in hybrid gels is explored for supramolecular recognition of volatile compounds. Gels with distinct compositions are used as optical and electrical gas sensors, yielding a combinatorial response conceptually mimicking olfactory biological systems, and tested to distinguish volatile organic compounds and to quantify ethanol in automotive fuel. The gel response is rapid, reversible, and reproducible. These robust, versatile, modular, pliant electro-optical soft materials possess new possibilities in sensing triggered by chemical and physical stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Hussain
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana T. S. Semeano
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748 CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Susana I. C. J. Palma
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana S. Pina
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; Advanced Science Research Center (ASRC), City University of New York, New York 10031, USA
| | - José Almeida
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Bárbara F. Medrado
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748 CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Ana C. C. S. Pádua
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana L. Carvalho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Madalena Dionísio
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rosamaria W. C. Li
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748 CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brasil; Centro Universitário Estácio Radial de São Paulo, Vila dos Remédios, CEP 05107-001 São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Hugo Gamboa
- Laboratório de Instrumentação, Engenharia Biomédica e Física da Radiação (LIBPhys-UNL), Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Monte da Caparica, 2892-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rein V. Ulijn
- Advanced Science Research Center (ASRC), City University of New York, New York 10031, USA; Hunter College, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; PhD Programs in Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jonas Gruber
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748 CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Ana C. A. Roque
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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13
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Abstract
The pH-sensitive affinity pair composed by neutravidin and iminobiotin was used to develop a multilayered Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) nanoprobe responsive to the acidic pH of tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana I. C. J. Palma
- UCIBIO
- REQUIMTE
- Departamento de Química
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
- Universidade NOVA de Lisboa
| | - Alexandra R. Fernandes
- UCIBIO
- REQUIMTE
- Departamento de Ciências da Vida
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
- Universidade NOVA de Lisboa
| | - Ana C. A. Roque
- UCIBIO
- REQUIMTE
- Departamento de Química
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
- Universidade NOVA de Lisboa
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14
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Palma SICJ, Rodrigues CAV, Carvalho A, Morales MDP, Freitas F, Fernandes AR, Cabral JMS, Roque ACA. A value-added exopolysaccharide as a coating agent for MRI nanoprobes. Nanoscale 2015; 7:14272-14283. [PMID: 26186402 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr01979f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Fucopol, a fucose-containing exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by the bacterium Enterobacter A47 DSM 23139 using glycerol as a carbon source, was employed as a new coating material for iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The coated particles were assessed as nanoprobes for cell labeling by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The MNPs were synthesized by a thermal decomposition method and transferred to an aqueous medium by a ligand-exchange reaction with meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA). Covalent binding of EPS to DMSA-stabilized nanoparticles (MNP-DMSA) resulted in a hybrid magnetic-biopolymeric nanosystem (MNP-DMSA-EPS) with a hydrodynamic size of 170 nm, a negative surface charge under physiological conditions and transverse to longitudinal relaxivity ratio, r2/r1, of 148. In vitro studies with two human cell lines (colorectal carcinoma - HCT116 - and neural stem/progenitor cells - ReNcell VM) showed that EPS promotes internalization of nanoparticles in both cell lines. In vitro MRI cell phantoms showed a superior performance of MNP-DMSA-EPS in ReNcell VM, for which the iron dose-dependent MRI signal drop was obtained at relatively low iron concentrations (12-20 μg Fe per ml) and short incubation times. Furthermore, ReNcell VM multipotency was not affected by culture in the presence of MNP-DMSA or MNP-DMSA-EPS for 14 days. Our study suggests that Fucopol-coated MNPs represent useful cell labeling nanoprobes for MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana I C J Palma
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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15
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Palma SICJ, Carvalho A, Silva J, Martins P, Marciello M, Fernandes AR, del Puerto Morales M, Roque ACA. Covalent coupling of gum arabic onto superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for MRI cell labeling: physicochemical andin vitrocharacterization. Contrast Media Mol Imaging 2015; 10:320-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susana I. C. J. Palma
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Alexandra Carvalho
- CENIMAT - I3N, Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Joana Silva
- UCIBIO, Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Pedro Martins
- UCIBIO, Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Marzia Marciello
- Departamento de Biomateriales y Materiales Bioinspirados; Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, ICMM/CSIC; 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Alexandra R. Fernandes
- UCIBIO, Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
- CQE, Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico; Universidade de Lisboa; 1490-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Maria del Puerto Morales
- Departamento de Biomateriales y Materiales Bioinspirados; Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, ICMM/CSIC; 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Ana C. A. Roque
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
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16
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Palma SICJ, Marciello M, Carvalho A, Veintemillas-Verdaguer S, Morales MDP, Roque ACA. Effects of phase transfer ligands on monodisperse iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 437:147-155. [PMID: 25313478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Oleic acid coated iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized by thermal decomposition in organic medium are highly monodisperse but at the same time are unsuitable for biological applications. Ligand-exchange reactions are useful to make their surface hydrophilic. However, these could alter some structural and magnetic properties of the modified particles. Here we present a comprehensive study and comparison of the effects of employing either citric acid (CA) or meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) ligand-exchange protocols for phase transfer of monodisperse hydrophobic iron oxide nanoparticles produced by thermal decomposition of Fe(acac)3 in benzyl ether. We show the excellent hydrodynamic size distribution and colloidal stability of the hydrophilic particles obtained by the two protocols and confirm that there is a certain degree of oxidation caused by the ligand-exchange. CA revealed to be more aggressive towards the iron oxide surface than DMSA and greatly reduced the saturation magnetization values and initial susceptibility of the resulting particles compared to the native ones. Besides being milder and more straightforward to perform, the DMSA ligand exchange protocol produces MNP chemically more versatile for further functionalization possibilities. This versatility is shown through the covalent linkage of gum Arabic onto MNP-DMSA using carboxyl and thiol based chemical routes and yielding particles with comparable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana I C J Palma
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Marzia Marciello
- Departamento de Biomateriales y Materiales Bioinspirados, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, ICMM/CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandra Carvalho
- CENIMAT - I3N, Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Sabino Veintemillas-Verdaguer
- Departamento de Biomateriales y Materiales Bioinspirados, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, ICMM/CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Del Puerto Morales
- Departamento de Biomateriales y Materiales Bioinspirados, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, ICMM/CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana C A Roque
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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