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Flieger J, Tatarczak-Michalewska M, Flieger W, Baj J, Buszewicz G, Teresiński G, Maciejewski R, Wawrzykowski J, Przygodzka D, Lutsyk V, Płaziński W. Influence of Selective Extraction/Isolation of Heme/Hemoglobin with Hydrophobic Imidazolium Ionic Liquids on the Precision and Accuracy of Cotinine ELISA Test. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36430168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, ionic liquids were used for the selective extraction/isolation of hemoglobin from human serum for cotinine determination using the ELISA Kit. The suitability of hydrophobic imidazolium-based ionic liquids was tested, of which OMIM BF4 (1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) turned out to be the most suitable for direct extraction of hemoglobin into an ionic liquid without the use of any additional reagent at one extraction step. Hemoglobin was separated quantitatively (95% recovery) from the remaining types of proteins remaining in the aqueous phase. Quantum mechanical calculations showed that the interaction of the iron atom in the heme group and the nitrogen atom of the ionic liquid cation is responsible for the transfer of hemoglobin whereas molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that the non-covalent interactions between heme and solvent are more favorable in the case of OMIM BF4 in comparison to water. The opposite trend was found for cotinine. Selective isolation of the heme/hemoglobin improved the ELISA test's accuracy, depending on the cotinine level, from 15% to 30%.
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Babamale HF, Khor BK, Chear NJY, Yam WS. Safe and selective anticancer agents from tetrafluorinated azobenzene- imidazolium ionic liquids: Synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxic effects. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200085. [PMID: 35478416 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A new series of tetrafluorinated azobenzene-imidazolium salts is reported. The azobenzene and imidazolium moieties were functionalized with long alkyl chains and connected via a methylene spacer of varying lengths (n = 3-12). They were characterized using FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, and elemental microanalysis. The cytotoxic potential of these ionic dimers against neuroblastoma (SHSY-5Y), estrogen-positive breast cancer cells (MCF-7), triple-negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231), cervical cancer cells (HeLa), and human skin fibroblasts (Hs27) was evaluated using the MTT assay. The cytotoxicity of these ionic liquids (ILs) was dependent on the spacer length. A cut-off effect was observed, wherein the cytotoxicity of the ILs was enhanced by increasing the nonpolar, hydrophobic spacer length up to a threshold and the potency was leveled off upon chain elongation. All ILs exhibited selective and remarkable inhibition potentials against HeLa cells in a dose-dependent manner, which was 2-22 times stronger than that of etoposide, a clinical anticancer drug. These ILs were less toxic toward skin fibroblasts as implied by much higher IC50 values. The long-spacer ILs (n = 7-10) were very selective toward HeLa cells. They had a broad safety window with selectivity indices ranging between 5.6 and 11.0. The selectivity of these compounds toward HeLa cells may serve as a new strategy for the design and development of safe and effective chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halimah F Babamale
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Malaysia.,Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Malaysia
| | - Boon-Keat Khor
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Malaysia.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Malaysia
| | | | - Wan Sinn Yam
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Malaysia
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Ramou E, Rebordão G, Palma SICJ, Roque ACA. Stable and Oriented Liquid Crystal Droplets Stabilized by Imidazolium Ionic Liquids. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26196044. [PMID: 34641588 PMCID: PMC8512111 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid crystals represent a fascinating intermediate state of matter, with dynamic yet organized molecular features and untapped opportunities in sensing. Several works report the use of liquid crystal droplets formed by microfluidics and stabilized by surfactants such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). In this work, we explore, for the first time, the potential of surface-active ionic liquids of the imidazolium family as surfactants to generate in high yield, stable and oriented liquid crystal droplets. Our results show that [C12MIM][Cl], in particular, yields stable, uniform and monodisperse droplets (diameter 74 ± 6 µm; PDI = 8%) with the liquid crystal in a radial configuration, even when compared with the standard SDS surfactant. These findings reveal an additional application for ionic liquids in the field of soft matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthymia Ramou
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (E.R.); (G.R.); (S.I.C.J.P.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Guilherme Rebordão
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (E.R.); (G.R.); (S.I.C.J.P.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Susana I. C. J. Palma
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (E.R.); (G.R.); (S.I.C.J.P.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana C. A. Roque
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (E.R.); (G.R.); (S.I.C.J.P.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Sedlak P, Sobola D, Gajdos A, Dallaev R, Nebojsa A, Kubersky P. Surface Analyses of PVDF/NMP/[EMIM][TFSI] Solid Polymer Electrolyte. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13162678. [PMID: 34451218 PMCID: PMC8401855 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal treatment conditions of solid polymer polymer electrolyte (SPE) were studied with respect to their impact on the surface morphology, phase composition and chemical composition of an imidazolium ionic-liquid-based SPE, namely PVDF/NMP/[EMIM][TFSI] electrolyte. These investigations were done using scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry as well as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy. A thoroughly mixed blend of polymer matrix, ionic liquid and solvent was deposited on a ceramic substrate and was kept at a certain temperature for a specific time in order to achieve varying crystallinity. The morphology of all the electrolytes consists of spherulites whose average diameter increases with solvent evaporation rate. Raman mapping shows that these spherulites have a semicrystalline structure and the area between them is an amorphous region. Analysis of FTIR spectra as well as Raman spectroscopy showed that the β-phase becomes dominant over other phases, while DSC technique indicated decrease of crystallinity as the solvent evaporation rate increases. XPS and ToF-SIMS indicated that the chemical composition of the surface of the SPE samples with the highest solvent evaporation rate approaches the composition of the ionic liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Sedlak
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communications, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 10, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (D.S.); (A.G.); (R.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-54114-6021
| | - Dinara Sobola
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communications, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 10, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (D.S.); (A.G.); (R.D.)
- Institute of Physics of Materials, Academy of Sciences CR, Zizkova 22, 616 62 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Gajdos
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communications, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 10, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (D.S.); (A.G.); (R.D.)
| | - Rashid Dallaev
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communications, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 10, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (D.S.); (A.G.); (R.D.)
| | - Alois Nebojsa
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Petr Kubersky
- Research and Innovation Centre for Electrical Engineering (RICE), Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitni 8, 301 00 Plzen, Czech Republic;
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Reddy GKK, Nancharaiah YV. Alkyl imidazolium Ionic Liquids as Antifungal Alternatives: Antibiofilm Activity Against Candida albicans and Underlying Mechanism of Action. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:730. [PMID: 32373105 PMCID: PMC7186398 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen causes fungal infections that range from common skin infections to persistent infections through biofilm formation on tissues, implants and life threatening systemic infections. New antifungal agents or therapeutic methods are desired due to high incidence of infections and emergence of drug-resistant strains. The present study aimed to evaluate (i) the antifungal and antibiofilm activity of 1-alklyl-3-methyl imidazolium ionic liquids ([CnMIM]+[X]-, n = 4, 12 and 16) against Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and two clinical C. albicans strains and (ii) the mechanism of action of promising antifungal ionic liquid on C. albicans. Two of the tested compounds were identified as more effective in preventing growth and biofilm formation. These ionic liquid compounds with -dodecyl and -hexadecyl alkyl groups effectively prevented biofilm formation by fluconazole resistant C. albicans 10231 and two other clinical C. albicans strains. Although both the compounds caused viability loss in mature C. albicans biofilms, an ionic liquid with -hexadecyl group ([C16MIM]+[Cl]-) was more effective in dispersing mature biofilms. This promising ionic liquid compound ([C16MIM]+[Cl]-) was chosen for determining the underlying mode of action on C. albicans cells. Light microscopy showed that ionic liquid treatment led to a significant reduction in cell volume and length. Increased cell membrane permeability in the ionic liquid treated C. albicans cells was evident in propidium iodide staining. Leakage of intracellular material was evident in terms of increased absorbance of supernatant and release of potassium and calcium ions into extracellular medium. A decrease in ergosterol content was evident when C. albicans cells were cultured in the presence of antifungal ionic liquid. 2',7'-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein acetate assay revealed reactive oxygen species generation and accumulation in C. albicans cells upon treatment with antifungal ionic liquid. The effect of antifungal ionic liquid on mitochondria was evident by decreased membrane potential (measured by Rhodamine 123 assay) and loss of metabolic activity (measured by MTT assay). This study demonstrated that imidazolium ionic liquid compound exert antifungal and antibiofilm activity by affecting various cellular processes. Thus, imidazolium ionic liquids represent a promising antifungal treatment strategy in lieu of resistance development to common antifungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Kiran Kumar Reddy
- Biofouling and Biofilm Processes, Water and Steam Chemistry Division, Chemistry Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Kalpakkam, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Y. V. Nancharaiah
- Biofouling and Biofilm Processes, Water and Steam Chemistry Division, Chemistry Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Kalpakkam, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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Goellner E, Schmitt AT, Couto JL, Müller ND, Pilz-Junior HL, Schrekker HS, Silva CE, da Silva OS. Larvicidal and residual activity of imidazolium salts against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Pest Manag Sci 2018; 74:1013-1019. [PMID: 29193680 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aedes aegypti is an important mosquito species that can transmit several arboviruses such as dengue fever, yellow fever, chikungunya and zika. Because these mosquitoes are becoming resistant to most chemical insecticides used around the world, studies with new larvicides should be prioritized. Based on the known biological profile of imidazolium salts (IS), the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of six IS as larvicides against Ae. aegypti, as tested against Ae. aegypti larvae. Larval mortality was measured after 24 and 48 h, and residual larvicidal activity was also evaluated. RESULTS Promising results were obtained with aqueous solutions of two IS: 1-n-octadecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (C18 MImCl) and 1-n-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate (C16 MImMeS), showing up to 90% larval mortality after 48 h exposure. C18 MImCl was more effective than C16 mIMeS, causing mortality until day 15 after exposure. An application of C18 MImCl left to dry under ambient conditions for at least 2 months and then dissolved in water showed a more pronounced residual effect (36 days with 95% mortality and 80% mortality up to 78 days). CONCLUSION This is the first study to show the potential of IS in the control of Ae. aegypti. Further studies are needed to understand the mode of action of these compounds in the biological development of this mosquito species. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuelle Goellner
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ademir Tramontini Schmitt
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Júlia Lacerda Couto
- Laboratory of Technological Processes and Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Nicolas Drumm Müller
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Harry Luiz Pilz-Junior
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Henri Stephan Schrekker
- Laboratory of Technological Processes and Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eugenio Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Onilda Santos da Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Angelini G, Campestre C, Scotti L, Gasbarri C. Kinetics and Energetics of Thermal Cis-Trans Isomerization of a Resonance-Activated Azobenzene in BMIM-Based Ionic Liquids for PF₆ -/Tf₂N - Comparison. Molecules 2017; 22:E1273. [PMID: 28758922 PMCID: PMC6152290 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BMIM PF₆ (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate) and BMIM Tf₂N (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide) are two conventional room-temperature ionic liquids widely employed and investigated as reaction media. Despite the presence of the same imidazolium ring in their structure they are different in many chemical and physical properties due to the nature of the anions. The thermal cis-trans isomerization of an electronically activated azobenzene have been used as reaction model to compare the behavior of PF₆- and Tf₂N-. Rotation is the mechanism by which the investigated azobenzene is converted into the trans isomer spontaneously in the dark both in BMIM PF₆ and in BMIM Tf₂N. The kinetic rate constants of the process have been determined at different temperatures and the activation energies of the reaction have been calculated according to the Arrhenius and Eyring equations. The results presented herein highlight different solute-solvent interactions involving the PF₆- and Tf₂N- anions during the cis-trans isomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Angelini
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Cristina Campestre
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Luca Scotti
- Department of Oral Science, Nano and Biotechnology, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Carla Gasbarri
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
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Song Y, Hu J, Tang J, Gu W, He L, Ji X. Real-Time X-ray Imaging Reveals Interfacial Growth, Suppression, and Dissolution of Zinc Dendrites Dependent on Anions of Ionic Liquid Additives for Rechargeable Battery Applications. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:32031-32040. [PMID: 27933970 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b11098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic interfacial growth, suppression, and dissolution of zinc dendrites have been studied with the imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) as additives on the basis of in situ synchrotron radiation X-ray imaging. The phase contrast difference of real-time images indicates that zinc dendrites are preferentially developed on the substrate surface in the ammoniacal electrolytes. After adding imidazolium ILs, both nucleation overpotential and polarization extent increase in the order of additive-free < EMI-Cl < EMI-PF6 < EMI-TFSA < EMI-DCA. The real-time X-ray images show that the EMI-Cl can suppress zinc dendrites, but result in the formation of the loose deposits. The EMI-PF6 and EMI-TFSA additives can smooth the deposit morphology through suppressing the initiation and growth of dendritic zinc. The addition of EMI-DCA increases the number of dendrite initiation sites, whereas it decreases the growth rate of dendrites. Furthermore, the dissolution behaviors of zinc deposits are compared. The zinc dendrites show a slow dissolution process in the additive-free electrolyte, whereas zinc deposits are easily detached from the substrate in the presence of EMI-Cl, EMI-PF6, or EMI-TFSA due to the formation of the loose structure. Hence, the dependence of zinc dendrites on anions of imidazolium IL additives during both electrodeposition and dissolution processes has been elucidated. These results could provide the valuable information in perfecting the performance of zinc-based rechargeable batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexian Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Jiugang Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Jia Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Wanmiao Gu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Lili He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Xiaobo Ji
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Hu M, Li S, Zhai Q. Biocatalytic synthesis of C3 chiral building blocks by chloroperoxidase-catalyzed enantioselective halo-hydroxylation and epoxidation in the presence of ionic liquids. Biotechnol Prog 2015; 31:724-9. [PMID: 25826799 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The optically active C3 synthetic blocks are remarkably versatile intermediates for the synthesis of numerous pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. This work provides a simple and efficient enzymatic synthetic route for the environment-friendly synthesis of C3 chiral building blocks. Chloroperoxidase (CPO)-catalyzed enantioselective halo-hydroxylation and epoxidation of chloropropene and allyl alcohol was employed to prepare C3 chiral building blocks in this work, including (R)-2,3-dichloro-1-propanol (DCP*), (R)-2,3-epoxy-1-propanol (GLD*), and (R)-3-chloro-1-2-propanediol (CPD*). The ee values of the formed C3 chiral building blocks DCP*, CPD*, and glycidol were 98.1, 97.5, and 96.7%, respectively. Moreover, the use of small amount of imidazolium ionic liquid enhanced the yield efficiently due to the increase of solubility of hydrophobic organic substrates in aqueous reaction media, as well as the improvement of affinity and selectivity of CPO to substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P.R. China
| | - Yali Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P.R. China
| | - Yucheng Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P.R. China
| | - Mancheng Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P.R. China
| | - Shuni Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P.R. China
| | - Quanguo Zhai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P.R. China
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