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Silva S, Singh S, Cao E, Fourkas JT, Siwy ZS. Gating ion and fluid transport with chiral solvent. Faraday Discuss 2023; 246:508-519. [PMID: 37427451 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00063j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of modern membranes for ionic separations and energy-storage devices such as supercapacitors depends on the description of ions at solid interfaces, as is often provided by the electrical double layer (EDL) model. The classical EDL model ignores, however, important factors such as possible spatial organization of solvent at the interface and the influence of the solvent on the spatial dependence of the electrochemical potential; these effects in turn govern electrokinetic phenomena. Here we provide a molecular-level understanding of how solvent structure can dictate ionic distributions at interfaces using a model system of a polar, aprotic solvent, propylene carbonate, in its enantiomerically pure and racemic forms, at a silica interface. We link the interfacial structure to the tuning of ionic and fluid transport by the chirality of the solvent and the salt concentration. The results of nonlinear spectroscopic experiments and electrochemical measurements suggest that the solvent exhibits lipid-bilayer-like interfacial organization, with a structure that is dependent on the solvent chirality. The racemic form creates highly ordered layered structure that dictates local ionic concentrations, such that the effective surface potential becomes positive in a wide range of electrolyte concentrations. The enantiomerically pure form exhibits weaker ordering at the silica surface, which leads to a lower effective surface charge induced by ions partitioning into the layered structure. The surface charge in silicon nitride and polymer pores is probed through the direction of electroosmosis that the surface charges induce. Our findings add a new dimension to the nascent field of chiral electrochemistry, and emphasize the importance of including solvent molecules in descriptions of solid-liquid interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah Silva
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Siddharth Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.
| | - Ethan Cao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - John T Fourkas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Zuzanna S Siwy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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Udomsasporn K, Haesuwannakij S, Piromjitpong P, Chumsaeng P, Phomphrai K. Comparative bindings of lactones, lactide, and cyclic carbonates: experimental insights into the coordination step of polymerization. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:14378-14382. [PMID: 33047754 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03323e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Comparative bindings of several renowned monomers were investigated experimentally using B(C6F5)3 as a Lewis acid model for the coordination step in ring-opening polymerization. A complete series of the X-ray crystal structures of the B(C6F5)3 adducts with the monomers was reported. The X-ray structural studies and spectroscopic data revealed a coordination strength in the order lactones > tetrahydrofuran > cyclic carbonates > lactide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwanchanok Udomsasporn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan, Rayong 21210, Thailand.
| | - Setsiri Haesuwannakij
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan, Rayong 21210, Thailand.
| | - Parichat Piromjitpong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan, Rayong 21210, Thailand.
| | - Phongnarin Chumsaeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan, Rayong 21210, Thailand.
| | - Khamphee Phomphrai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan, Rayong 21210, Thailand. and Research Network of NANOTEC-VISTEC on Nanotechnology for Energy, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Wangchan, Rayong 21210, Thailand
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Forero-Saboya JD, Marchante E, Araujo RB, Monti D, Johansson P, Ponrouch A. Cation Solvation and Physicochemical Properties of Ca Battery Electrolytes. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2019; 123:29524-29532. [PMID: 31956392 PMCID: PMC6961307 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b07308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Divalent-cation-based batteries are being considered as potential high energy density storage devices. The optimization of electrolytes for these technologies is, however, still largely lacking. Recent demonstration of the feasibility of Ca and Mg plating and stripping in the presence of a passivation layer or an artificial interphase has paved the way for more diverse electrolyte formulations. Here, we exhaustively evaluate several Ca-based electrolytes with different salts, solvents, and concentrations, via measuring physicochemical properties and using vibrational spectroscopy. Some comparisons with Mg- and Li-based electrolytes are made to highlight the unique properties of the Ca2+ cation. The Ca-salt solubility is found to be a major issue, calling for development of new highly dissociative salts. Nonetheless, reasonable salt solubility and dissociation are achieved using bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI), BF4, and triflate anion based electrolytes and high-permittivity solvents, such as ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), γ-butyrolactone (gBL), and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). The local Ca2+ coordination is concentration-dependent and rather complex, possibly involving bidentate coordination and participation of the nitrogen atom of DMF. The ionicity and the degree of ion-pair formation are both investigated and found to be strongly dependent on the nature of the cation, solvent donicity, and salt concentration. The large ion-ion interaction energies of the contact ion pairs, confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, are expected to play a major role in the interfacial processes, and thus, we here provide electrolyte design strategies to engineer the cation solvation and possibly improve the power performance of divalent battery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. D. Forero-Saboya
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - E. Marchante
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - R. B. Araujo
- Department
of Applied Physics, Chalmers University
of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - D. Monti
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - P. Johansson
- Department
of Applied Physics, Chalmers University
of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
- ALISTORE—European
Research Institute, CNRS FR 3104, Hub de l’Energie, 15 Rue Baudelocque, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - A. Ponrouch
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- ALISTORE—European
Research Institute, CNRS FR 3104, Hub de l’Energie, 15 Rue Baudelocque, 80039 Amiens, France
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