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Yang X, Shi G, Yang M, Yuan Y, Sun H. Dynamic behavior of electro-osmosis in variable charge soils: Insights on termination and direction reversal. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142661. [PMID: 38906191 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Electro-osmosis offers an effective method for dewatering and remediating low permeability soil. Long-term observations on nonlinear behavior of electro-osmosis and the influencing factors are not commonly reported. Connection between cessation and direction reversal of electro-osmotic flow (EOF), and the evolution of electro-chemical parameters inside of the soil mass thus remains unclear. The dynamic response of EOF in variable charge soil could be significant, whereas the investigations on which are currently lacking. A series of electro-osmotic experiments were performed with two natural variable charge soils. The results indicated that initial electro-osmotic rate was positively proportional to electric current and initial electrical conductivity of the pore fluid, which could be explained by the ion migration model. The dynamic evolution of electro-osmotic rate and electro-chemical parameters corresponding to the solute and pH conditionings at the electrode compartments demonstrated that: 1) coupling effects of non-uniform distribution of voltage gradient and pH determined the magnitude and direction of EOF rate; 2) compared to the final pHIEP value, the bigger, close and smaller values of the novel index "voltage gradient weighed mean of spatial pH″ represented the forward, terminated and reversed EOF respectively; 3) the classical Helmholtz-Smoluchowski model are proved to be more applicable interpreting the coupled nonlinearity of electro-osmosis during the later steady phase. This work would facilitate future research for a comprehensive electro-osmotic model, and provide guidance to condition the initial and boundary conditions in application of electro-osmotic dewatering and electrokinetic remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Yang
- Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Ge Shi
- Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Min Yang
- Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Honglei Sun
- Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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2
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Vazquez ND, Crupkin AC, Chierichetti MA, Acuña FH, Miglioranza KSB. Integrated biomarker responses in wild populations of the intertidal sea anemone Bunodosoma zamponii living under different anthropogenic pressures. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:26036-26051. [PMID: 38491242 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32926-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Bunodosoma zamponii is the most abundant anemone in Mar del Plata (Buenos Aires, Argentina). Given that the presence of persistent organic pollutants (organochlorine pesticides and PCBs) and the organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos has recently been reported in this species, two wild populations living under different anthropogenic pressures were studied and compared regarding basic aspects of their ecology and physiological response to oxidative stress. A population from an impacted site (Las Delicias, LD) and another from a reference site (Punta Cantera, PC) were monitored seasonally (spring, summer, autumn, and winter), for one year. Anemones from PC were larger and more abundant than those from LD for most sampling periods. During winter, glutathione-S-transferase and catalase activities were higher in LD. Moreover, protein content and antioxidant defenses were higher in anemones from PC during winter as well. Taking into account their ecology (size and abundance) and biomarker responses, the population from PC was comparatively healthier. Furthermore, such differences are in agreement with recent studies indicating a higher concentration of pollutants in anemones from LD (specially during the winter sampling). In this sense, considering that B. zamponii can bioaccumulate the aforementioned pollutants, its resilience to their presence, and the fact that biomarker response differed between sites, this species can be regarded as a proper sentinel species of environmental pollution. Overall, this anemone seems to be a good bioindicator to be considered in future biomonitoring and ecotoxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas D Vazquez
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Research, National Scientific and Technological Research Council, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Contamination, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, National University of Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Laboratory of Cnidarian Biology, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, National University of Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Andrea C Crupkin
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Research, National Scientific and Technological Research Council, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, National University of Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Scientific Research Commission of the Province of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Melisa A Chierichetti
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Research, National Scientific and Technological Research Council, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Contamination, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, National University of Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabián H Acuña
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Research, National Scientific and Technological Research Council, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratory of Cnidarian Biology, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, National University of Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Coiba Research Station (Coiba-AIP), Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Karina S B Miglioranza
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Research, National Scientific and Technological Research Council, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Contamination, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, National University of Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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3
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Pasciucco E, Pasciucco F, Castagnoli A, Iannelli R, Pecorini I. Removal of heavy metals from dredging marine sediments via electrokinetic hexagonal system: A pilot study in Italy. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27616. [PMID: 38515701 PMCID: PMC10955240 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Among the several treatment options, electrokinetic (EK) remediation is recognized as an effective technique for the removal of heavy metals from low-permeability porous matrices. However, most of the EK decontamination research reported was performed on linear configuration systems at a laboratory scale. In this study, a series of experiments were performed on a pilot-scale system where the electrodes were arranged in a hexagonal configuration, to assess the improvement of the EK process in the removal of inorganic contaminants from sediments dredged in the harbor of Piombino, Italy. HNO3 was used as acid conditioning and both pH effect and treatment duration time were investigated. Sediment characterization and metal fractionation were also presented, in order to understand how the bioavailability of metals affects the process efficiency. The increase in pH due to the buffering capacity of the sediment in the sections close to the cathode favored the precipitation and accumulation of metals. However, the results highlighted that longer treatment times, combined with an efficient pH reduction, can improve treatment performance, resulting in high removal efficiencies for all the target metals considered (a percentage removal greater than 50% was reached for Cd, Ni, Pb, Cu and Zn). Compared to different EK configuration systems, the hexagonal configuration arrangement applied in our study provides better results for the remediation of dredged marine sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Pasciucco
- Department of Energy, Systems Territory and Construction Engineering, Via C.F. Gabba 22, Tuscany, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56122, Italy
| | - Francesco Pasciucco
- Department of Energy, Systems Territory and Construction Engineering, Via C.F. Gabba 22, Tuscany, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56122, Italy
| | - Alessio Castagnoli
- Department of Energy, Systems Territory and Construction Engineering, Via C.F. Gabba 22, Tuscany, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56122, Italy
| | - Renato Iannelli
- Department of Energy, Systems Territory and Construction Engineering, Via C.F. Gabba 22, Tuscany, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56122, Italy
| | - Isabella Pecorini
- Department of Energy, Systems Territory and Construction Engineering, Via C.F. Gabba 22, Tuscany, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56122, Italy
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Proietto F, D'Agostino F, Bonsignore M, Del Core M, Sprovieri M, Galia A, Scialdone O. Electrochemical remediation of synthetic and real marine sediments contaminated by PAHs, Hg and As under low electric field values. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:141009. [PMID: 38141680 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.141009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
To date, remediation, protection, and restoration of contaminated sites is a global concern. The current technologies to restore sediments characterized by heterogeneous characteristics, several pollutants, fine grains, and low hydraulic permeability are poorly effective; hence their remediation is still challenging. A promising approach for the sediment's remediation could be the electrochemical route since it is a not-expensive, effective and noninvasive in situ technology. Electrochemical remediation (ER) is commonly studied under relatively high electric fields (E ≥ 1 V cm-1) and using costly processing fluids in a three compartments cell aiming to desorb and transport the contaminants into the processing fluids (secondary dangerous effluent). In this work, contaminated marine sediments were electrochemically treated focusing on the insertion of electrodes directly in the sediments and adopting, for the first time for real sediments, low E values (≤ 0.25 V cm-1) for 4-days period. It was observed that PAHs can be simultaneously transported and degraded in situ preventing the production of a secondary dangerous effluent and reducing the energy consumption. Firstly, clay marine sediments dragged from Capo Granitola Coast (Trapani, Italy) spiked with five PAHs congeners (5PAHs), Hg and As were used as a simplified model matrix and treated to simulate a real case study. A total PAHs removal efficiency of 57% was reached after 96 h of treatment under 0.05 V cm-1. Then, real polluted marine sediments from Augusta Bay (Syracuse) and Bagnoli-Coroglio Bay (Naples) in the southern Italy were treated as real contaminated sediments to be restored, to validate the proposed approach for real cases. A quite good removal efficiency of PAHs was reached after 96 h of electrochemical treatment coupled with a low energetic consumption due to the rather E values adopted. In addition, it was observed that this approach, under the adopted conditions, is unsuitable for the remediation of Hg and As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Proietto
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 6, Palermo, 90128, Italy.
| | - Fabio D'Agostino
- Istituto per lo Studio Degli Impatti Antropici e Sostenilibità in Ambiente Marino (IAS-CNR), Via del Mare 3, Torretta Granitola, TP, 91021, Italy
| | - Maria Bonsignore
- Istituto per lo Studio Degli Impatti Antropici e Sostenilibità in Ambiente Marino (IAS-CNR), Via del Mare 3, Torretta Granitola, TP, 91021, Italy
| | - Marianna Del Core
- Istituto per lo Studio Degli Impatti Antropici e Sostenilibità in Ambiente Marino (IAS-CNR), Via del Mare 3, Torretta Granitola, TP, 91021, Italy
| | - Mario Sprovieri
- Istituto di Scienze Marine (ISMAR - CNR), Venezia Consiglio Nazionale delle ricerche, Venezia (Tesa 104 - Arsenale, Castello 2737/F 30122), Italy
| | - Alessandro Galia
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 6, Palermo, 90128, Italy
| | - Onofrio Scialdone
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 6, Palermo, 90128, Italy
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Ali S, Baloch SB, Bernas J, Konvalina P, Onyebuchi EF, Naveed M, Ali H, Jamali ZH, Nezhad MTK, Mustafa A. Phytotoxicity of radionuclides: A review of sources, impacts and remediation strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 240:117479. [PMID: 37884073 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Various anthropogenic activities and natural sources contribute to the presence of radioactive materials in the environment, posing a serious threat to phytotoxicity. Contamination of soil and water by radioactive isotopes degrades the environmental quality and biodiversity. They persist in soils for a considerable amount of time and disturb the fauna and flora of any affected area. Hence, their removal from the contaminated medium is inevitable to prevent their entry into the food chain and the organisms at higher levels of the food chain. Physicochemical methods for radioactive element remediation are effective; however, they are not eco-friendly, can be expensive and impractical for large-scale remediation. Contrastingly, different bioremediation approaches, such as phytoremediation using appropriate plant species for removing the radionuclides from the polluted sites, and microbe-based remediation, represent promising alternatives for cleanup. In this review, sources of radionuclides in soil as well as their hazardous impacts on plants are discussed. Moreover, various conventional physicochemical approaches used for remediation discussed in detail. Similarly, the effectiveness and superiority of various bioremediation approaches, such as phytoremediation and microbe-based remediation, over traditional approaches have been explained in detail. In the end, future perspectives related to enhancing the efficiency of the phytoremediation process have been elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzaib Ali
- Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branišovská 1645/31A, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Sadia Babar Baloch
- Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branišovská 1645/31A, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Bernas
- Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branišovská 1645/31A, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Konvalina
- Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branišovská 1645/31A, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Eze Festus Onyebuchi
- Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branišovská 1645/31A, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Ali
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Zameer Hussain Jamali
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mohammad Tahsin Karimi Nezhad
- Department of Forest Ecology, The Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental 13 Gardening, Lidicka, 25/27, Brno, 60200, Czech Republic
| | - Adnan Mustafa
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou, 510650, China.
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Colacicco A, Zacchei E. Innovative method for the brine treatment by electrokinetic principles integrated with solar photovoltaic plants. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 198:115886. [PMID: 38070397 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
With the growing world population and industrial production, the demand for water has been continuously increasing. By 2030, it was estimated that 60.0 % of the world population will not have access to freshwater, which is about 2.50 % of the total global water. For this, a total of over 17,000 operational desalination plants have been constructed worldwide. However, the key barriers to expansion of the desalination treatments are the brine production and energy consumption. In fact, the brine production is 50.0 % higher than the freshwater, and its treatments could account for 5.0-33.0 % of total desalination cost. Here, a new theoretical approach for brine treatments integrated to solar photovoltaic plants (PVs) to supply renewable energy to the whole system has been proposed. This approach consists in combining electrokinetic and electrochemical phenomena to dilute the brine, by using an alkaline clay with high buffering power. This method substantially desalinates the brine to produce new treated seawater, using clean energy, optimizing energetic and management costs. Some hypotheses and secondary effects should validate the model, e.g., relatively high Ca2+ promotes the electro-migration; the Cl2 production reduces the Cl- concentrations; and the production of H2 can be used to store energy. A practical example for PVPs design is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enrico Zacchei
- Itecons, Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, CERIS, Coimbra, Portugal.
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7
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Bunditboondee C, Lohwacharin J, Khan E, Laohhasurayotin K. Performance of electrokinetic remediation system for mercury contaminated marine sediment: Roles of electrode spacing and electrode configuration. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 194:115256. [PMID: 37478785 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Understanding mercury (Hg) species existing after electrokinetic remediation (EK) for marine-sediment remediation is limited. Herein, the Hg fraction removal of EK from contaminated marine sediment was investigated appertaining to bipolar electrode settings along with the effects of electrode spacing and configuration considered. Based on the selective sequential Hg extractions (Hg SSE), much of the Hg in the sediment originated from F5 (i.e., HgS) and F4 (i.e., HgO). The F5 fraction removed by EK was about 30 %, while the F4 fraction had a slight increase of about 34 %. When it comes to electrode configuration, a hexagonal pattern has a higher Hg removal performance than that of a rectangular shape. The addition of anodes increases the remediation surface area, thus allowing superior Hg removal. This study indicates that the electrode spacing significantly affects the mercury removal and the remediation time. Determining suitable spacing enhances the electrical potentials in the migration flux.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jenyuk Lohwacharin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Research Network of NANOTEC-CU (RNN) on Environment, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Professor Aroon Sorathesn Center of Excellence in Environmental Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Eakalak Khan
- Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Department, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4015, USA
| | - Kritapas Laohhasurayotin
- National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
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Zacchei E, Gorla Nogueira C. Numerical solutions for the treatment brine by diffusive and migration flux using new brine-clay-seawater system. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 338:117844. [PMID: 37011529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
With the growing world population and industrial production, the demand for water has been continuously increasing. By 2030, 60.0% of the world population will not have access to freshwater, which is ∼2.50% of the total global water. For this, a total of over 17,000 operational desalination plants have been constructed worldwide. However, the key barrier to desalination expansion is brine production, which is 50.0% higher than the freshwater, generating 5.0-33.0% of total desalination cost. In this paper, a new theoretical approach for brine treatments has been proposed. It consists in combining electrokinetic and electrochemical mechanisms by using an alkaline clay with high buffering power. Advanced numerical model has been carried out to estimate the ions concentrations in the brine-clay-seawater system. Analytical analyses have been also carried out to estimate the global system efficiency. Results show the feasibility of the theoretical system, its size, and usability of the clay. This model not only should clean the brine to produce new treated seawater but also it should recover useful minerals thank to the electrolysis and precipitations effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Zacchei
- Itecons, Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, CERIS, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Caio Gorla Nogueira
- College of Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14-01 Eng. Luís Edmundo Carrijo Coube Avenue, 17033-360, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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Xu Q, Wu B. Recent Progress on Ex Situ Remediation Technology and Resource Utilization for Heavy Metal Contaminated Sediment. TOXICS 2023; 11:207. [PMID: 36976972 PMCID: PMC10051940 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11030207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sediment is an important part of aquatic systems, which plays a vital role in transporting and storing metals. Due to its abundance, persistence, and environmental toxicity, heavy metal pollution has always been one of the hot spots in the world. In this article, the state-of-art ex situ remediation technology for metal-contaminated sediments is elaborated, including sediment washing, electrokinetic remediation (EKR), chemical extraction, biological treatment, as well as encapsulating pollutants by adding some stabilized/solidified materials. Furthermore, the progress of sustainable resource utilization methods, such as ecosystem restoration, construction materials (e.g., materials fill materials, partition blocks, and paving blocks), and agriculture use are reviewed in detail. Finally, the pros and cons of each technique are summarized. This information will provide the scientific basis for selecting the appropriate remediation technology in a particular scenario.
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Gallo A, Sprocati R, Rolle M, Sethi R. Electrokinetic delivery of permanganate in clay inclusions for targeted contaminant degradation. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2022; 251:104102. [PMID: 36372631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2022.104102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The use of electrokinetics (EK) has great potential to deliver reactants in impervious porous media, thus overcoming some of the challenges in the remediation of contaminants trapped in low-permeability zones. In this work we experimentally investigate electrokinetic transport in heterogeneous porous media consisting of a sandy matrix with a target clay inclusion. We demonstrate the efficient EK-delivery of permanganate in the target clay zone (transport velocity 0.3-0.5 m day-1) and its reactivity with Methylene Blue, a positively charged contaminant trapped within the inclusion. The delivery method was optimized using a KH2PO4/K2HPO4 buffer to attenuate the effect of electrolysis reactions in the electrode chambers, thus mitigating the propagation of pH fronts and preventing the phenomenon of permanganate stalling. The experiments showed that the buffer electrical conductivity greatly impacts the potential gradient in the heterogeneous porous medium with implications on the observed rates of electrokinetic transport (variation up to 40%). The reactive experiments provided direct evidence of the permanganate penetration within the clay and of its capability to degrade the target immobilized contaminant. The experimental results were analyzed using a process-based model, elucidating the governing transport mechanisms and highlighting the effect of different mass transfer processes on conservative and reactive electrokinetic transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gallo
- Department of Environmental, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Riccardo Sprocati
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Massimo Rolle
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rajandrea Sethi
- Department of Environmental, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy.
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Migration and Removal of Labile Cadmium Contaminants in Paddy Soils by Electrokinetic Remediation without Changing Soil pH. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19073812. [PMID: 35409501 PMCID: PMC8998063 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Electrokinetic remediation (EKR) is a viable, advanced cleaning strategy that can permanently reduce the toxicity of soil contaminants. However, EKR is prone to causing changes in soil pH. The negative impacts must be minimized if field-scale application is to be realized. In this study, EKR with polarity reversal was used to avoid soil pH polarization and to clean up cadmium (Cd)-contaminated paddy soils. Results showed that Cd desorbed from oxidizable and residual fractions to labile and easily available parts. Soil moisture content above 0.35 g g−1 was conductive to achieving the desirable Cd-migration rate. The exchangeable Cd phase eventually migrated from both ends of that soil compartment towards the intermediate. Moreover, the addition of citric acid at the concentration of 0.1 mol L−1 was an effective enhancement strategy. The methodology enriched Cd contaminants to specific sites. The technology can be used for electrokinetic-assisted phytoremediation during the rice growing period. Hyperaccumulator is planted in the intermediate area to remove the Cd contaminants. On the other hand, Cd removal is achieved in the region close to the electrodes. The present study provides a theoretical basis for in situ remediation. It has a wider significance for field-scale application.
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Gao P, Wang S, Cheng F, Guo S. Improvement of the electrokinetic fluxes by tall fescue: Alleviation of ion attenuation and maintainability of soil colloidal properties. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 290:133128. [PMID: 34861265 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to address the attenuation of electrokinetic fluxes that occur during plant (tall fescue)-based electrokinetic remediation of oil-contaminated soil. Following 60 days of treatment, the concentration of water-soluble cations and anions in the electrokinetics-assisted phytoremediation treatment (EK-P) were 20.03 mg/kg and 15.7 mg/kg higher than that in the electrokinetic (EK) treatment, respectively. At the electrode, plants were able to alleviate the ion aggregation effect caused by the electrokinetics, reduce the conversion of soluble ions to insoluble ones, and reduce the decay of water-soluble ions. In addition, the zeta potential of EK-P was 5.05 mV lower than that of EK. Plants maintained the stability of the soil colloid and reduced the movement of the peak of colloidal particle size from small to large particles, thereby reducing the amount of colloidal deposition. Finally, the EK-P current was 22.49% higher than that in EK while the electrokinetic effect was maintained. Meanwhile, electrokinetics increased plant biomass by 20.21%. Electrokinetics was found to create a synergy with the plants, an effect that eventually enhanced the rate of oil degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation By Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Sa Wang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation By Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, China.
| | - Fenglian Cheng
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation By Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, China.
| | - Shuhai Guo
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation By Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, China.
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13
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Yoon IH, Park CW, Kim I, Yang HM, Kim SM, Kim JH. Characteristic and remediation of radioactive soil in nuclear facility sites: a critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:67990-68005. [PMID: 34651269 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16782-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A huge amount of radioactive soil has been generated through decommissioning of nuclear facilities around the world. This review focuses on the difficulties and complexities associated with the remediation of radioactive soils at the site level; therefore, laboratory studies were excluded from this review. The problems faced while remediating radioactive soils using techniques based on strategies such as dry separation, soil washing, flotation separation, thermal desorption, electrokinetic remediation, and phytoremediation are discussed, along with appropriate examples. Various factors such as soil type, particle size, the fraction of fine particles, and radionuclide characteristics that strongly influence radioactive soil decontamination processes are highlighted. In this review, we also survey and compare the pool of available technologies currently being used for the remediation of radionuclide-contaminated soils, as well as the economic aspects of soil remediation using different techniques. This review demonstrates the importance of the integrated role of various factors in determining the effectiveness of the radioactive soil decontamination process.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Ho Yoon
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989-111, Daedeokdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chan Woo Park
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989-111, Daedeokdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilgook Kim
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989-111, Daedeokdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Man Yang
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989-111, Daedeokdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Man Kim
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989-111, Daedeokdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Hyun Kim
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989-111, Daedeokdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
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Ghobadi R, Altaee A, Zhou JL, Karbassiyazdi E, Ganbat N. Effective remediation of heavy metals in contaminated soil by electrokinetic technology incorporating reactive filter media. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 794:148668. [PMID: 34225154 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination is increasingly a global problem with serious implications for human health. Among different soil decontamination approaches, electrokinetic (EK) remediation is a relatively new technology for treating organic and inorganic contaminants in soil. This research aims to develop an enhanced EK treatment method incorporating a compost-based reactive filter media (RFM) with the advantages of low-cost and strong affinity for heavy metals and test and improve the treatment efficiency for multiple heavy metals in natural soil. A series of EK operations were performed to investigate the performance of EK-RFM under different operating conditions such as the electric current and voltage, processing time, and the amount of RFM. The electric current and treatment time demonstrated a significant positive impact on removing Zn, Cd and Mn ions while changing the amount of RFM had an insignificant impact on the efficiency of heavy metals removal. Overall, 51.6%-72.1% removal of Zn, Cd, and Mn was achieved at 30.00 mA of electric current and 14 days of treatment duration. The energy consumption of the EK process was 0.17 kWh kg-1. The soil organic matter adversely affected the mobilization and migration of heavy metals such as Cu and Pb during EK treatment. The results are valuable in optimizing the design of the EK-RFM system, which will extend its application to field-scale soil decontamination practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Ghobadi
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Ali Altaee
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - John L Zhou
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Elika Karbassiyazdi
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Namuun Ganbat
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
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Zhang Y, Labianca C, Chen L, De Gisi S, Notarnicola M, Guo B, Sun J, Ding S, Wang L. Sustainable ex-situ remediation of contaminated sediment: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117333. [PMID: 34000670 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Routine waterway dredging activities generate huge volumes of dredged sediment. The remediation of dredged contaminated sediment is a worldwide challenge. Novel and sustainable ex-situ remediation technologies for contaminated sediment have been developed and adopted in recent years. In this review paper, the state-of-art ex-situ treatment technologies and resource utilisation methods for contaminated sediment were critically reviewed. By applying different techniques, sediment could been successfully transformed into sustainable construction materials, such as ceramsite, supplementary cementitious materials, fill materials, paving blocks, partition blocks, ready-mixed concrete, and foamed concrete. We highlighted that proper remediation technologies should be cleverly selected and designed according to the physical and chemical characteristics of sediment, without neglecting important aspects, such as cost, safety, environmental impacts, readiness level of the technology and social acceptability. The combination of different assessment methods (e.g., environmental impact assessment, cost-benefit analysis, multi-criteria decision analysis and life cycle assessment) should be employed to comprehensively evaluate the feasibility of different sustainable remediation technologies. We call on the scientific community in a multidisciplinary fashion to evaluate the sustainability of various remediation technologies for contaminated sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Claudia Labianca
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona N. 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Sabino De Gisi
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona N. 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Notarnicola
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona N. 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Binglin Guo
- Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Shiming Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Construction Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
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Rebello S, Sivaprasad MS, Anoopkumar AN, Jayakrishnan L, Aneesh EM, Narisetty V, Sindhu R, Binod P, Pugazhendhi A, Pandey A. Cleaner technologies to combat heavy metal toxicity. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 296:113231. [PMID: 34252850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals frequently occur as silent poisons present in our daily diet, the environment we live and the products we use, leaving us victims to various associated drastic health and ecological bad effects even in meagre quantities. The prevalence of heavy metals can be traced from children's toys, electronic goods, industrial effluents, pesticide preparation, and even in drinking water in some instances; necessitating methods to remediate them. The current review discusses the various physicochemical and biological methods employed to tackle the problem of heavy metal pollution. Apart from the conventional methods following the principles of adsorption, precipitation, coagulation, and various separation techniques, the advancements made in the directions of biological heavy metal detoxification using microbes, plants, algae have been critically analyzed to identify the specific utility of different agents for specific heavy metal removal. The review paper is a nutshell of different heavy metal remediation strategies, their merits, demerits, and modifications done to alleviate process of heavy metal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M S Sivaprasad
- University of Calicut, Kerala Police Academy, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | | | | | | | - Vivek Narisetty
- Centre for Climate and Environmental Protection, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Innovative Green Product Synthesis and Renewable Environment Development Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR- Indian Institute for Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow, 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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17
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Recovery Strategies of Contaminated Marine Sediments: A Life Cycle Assessment. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13158520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study performed a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) on recovery strategies of dredged contaminated marine sediments in a large Mediterranean port located in central Italy (Tuscany) in order to find the most environmentally sound solution. The study considered marine sediments polluted by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and/or organic compounds, two different sediment particle sizes and the combined use of three soil remediation technologies: soil washing, electrokinetic treatment and enhanced landfarming. The analyzed scenarios depended on the sediment properties and characteristics of the treatment technologies investigated, and were compared with the corresponding reference scenarios, consisting of the landfilling of dredged contaminated sediments. The LCA results show that scenarios associated with sediment recovery generated potential environmental impacts lower than the corresponding reference scenarios. Almost all the impact categories considered in the CML-IA baseline method showed an environmental convenience in the recovery of contaminated sediments, especially for abiotic depletion and global warming. Future studies should focus on optimizing the combined use of multiple technologies and reducing the resource consumptions related to their implementation in order to achieve both environmental and economic benefits.
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18
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Xu H, Zhao P, Ran Q, Li W, Wang P, Luo Y, Huang C, Yang X, Yin J, Zhang R. Enhanced electrokinetic remediation for Cd-contaminated clay soil by addition of nitric acid, acetic acid, and EDTA: Effects on soil micro-ecology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 772:145029. [PMID: 33770863 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced electrokinetic remediation (EKR) allows the rapid remediation of heavy metal-contaminated clay, but the impacts of this process on soil micro-ecology have rarely been evaluated. In this study, nitric acid, acetic acid, and EDTA were applied for enhancement of EKR and the effects on Cd removal, soil enzyme activity, and soil bacterial communities (SBCs) were determined. Nitric acid and acetic acid allowed 93.2% and 91.8% Cd removal, respectively, and EDTA treatment resulted in 40.4% removal due to the formation of negatively charged EDTA-Cd complexes, resulting in opposing directions of Cd electromigration and electroosmosis flow and slow electromigration rate caused by low voltage drop. Activities of soil beta-glucosidase, acid phosphatase, and urease, were all reduced by enhanced EKR treatment, especially nitric acid treatment, by 46.2%, 58.8% and 57.7%, respectively. The SBCs were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing and revealed significantly increased diversity for acetic acid treatment, no effect for EDTA treatment, and reduced diversity for nitric acid treatment. Compared with nitric acid and EDTA, acetic acid treatment enhanced EKR for higher Cd removal and improved biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyin Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Peiling Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Qiyang Ran
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Hunan Hengkai Environmental Protection Science & Technology Investment Co. Ltd, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China.
| | - Yuanling Luo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Changsha Environmental Protection College, Changsha 410004, China.
| | - Chao Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Xiong Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Jingxuan Yin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Ruiqi Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
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19
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Ayyanar A, Thatikonda S. Experimental and Numerical studies on remediation of mixed metal-contaminated sediments by electrokinetics focusing on fractionation changes. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:316. [PMID: 33931801 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09064-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrokinetic remediation technique is widely applied for the removal of heavy metal from contaminated soil, but the soil buffering capacity and fractionation of heavy metals mainly affect the cost and duration of the treatment. This study aims to treat heavy metal-contaminated sediments by electrokinetic remediation (EKR) technique by using various enhancing agents such as EDTA, [Formula: see text], HCI, [Formula: see text], acetic acid and citric acid for optimizing the cost and treatment duration. The optimum molar concentration of enhancing agent for treatment was estimated by batch experiments to maximize the dissolution of target heavy metals and reduce the dissolution of earth metals (Fe, Al and Ca) to maintain soil health. The EKR experiments were performed up to 15 days with the above enhancing agents to reduce the risk associated with heavy metals and the selection of enhancing agents based on removal efficiency was found to be in an order of EDTA > citric acid > acetic acid > [Formula: see text] > HCl [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]. Also, a numerical model has been developed by incorporating main electrokinetic transport phenomena (electromigration and electroosmosis) and geochemical processes for the prediction of treatment duration and to scale up the EKR process. The model predicts well with experimental heavy metal removal with a MAPD of [Formula: see text] 2-18 %. The parametric study on electrode distance for full-scale EKR treatment was found in this study as [Formula: see text] 0.5 m.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arulpoomalai Ayyanar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502285, India
| | - Shashidhar Thatikonda
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502285, India.
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20
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Ghobadi R, Altaee A, Zhou JL, McLean P, Ganbat N, Li D. Enhanced copper removal from contaminated kaolinite soil by electrokinetic process using compost reactive filter media. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123891. [PMID: 33254824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrokinetic (EK) remediation is a promising technology for soil decontamination, although basic pH in the soil close to cathode has constrained EK effectiveness due to heavy metal precipitation. This study aimed to enhance copper removal from kaolinite soil by integrating EK with compost (C) as recyclable reactive filter media (RFM) for the first time. Compost placed near the cathode served as an adsorbent to bind copper ions while buffering the advancement of the alkaline front in soil. The total copper removal rate increased from 1.03% in EK to 45.65% in EK-100%C under an electric potential of 10 V. Further experiments conducted by using biochar (BC) and compost/biochar (C + BC) mixture RFM at different ratios showed total Cu removal efficiency decreasing as EK-100%C > EK-(10%BC + 90%C) > EK-(20%BC + 80%C) > EK-(30%BC + 70%C) > EK. The application of a constant electric current of 20.00 mA further enhanced copper removal to 84.09% in EK-100%C although did not show significant enhancement in EK-(BC + C). The compost RFM was regenerated by acid extraction and then reused twice, achieving a total removal of 74.11%. The findings demonstrated compost as a promising and reusable RFM for the efficient removal of copper in contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Ghobadi
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Ali Altaee
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - John L Zhou
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Peter McLean
- School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Namuun Ganbat
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Donghao Li
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Biological Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, PR China
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21
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Sustainability in ElectroKinetic Remediation Processes: A Critical Analysis. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13020770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the development of suitable technologies for the remediation of environmental contaminations has attracted considerable attention. Among these, electrochemical approaches have gained prominence thanks to the many possible applications and their proven effectiveness. This is particularly evident in the case of inorganic/ionic contaminants, which are not subject to natural attenuation (biological degradation) and are difficult to treat adequately with conventional methods. The purpose of this contribution is to present a critical overview of electrokinetic remediation with particular attention on the sustainability of the various applications. The basis of technology will be briefly mentioned, together with the phenomena that occur in the soil and how that will allow its effectiveness. The main critical issues related to this approach will then be presented, highlighting the problems in terms of sustainability, and discussing some possible solutions to reduce the environmental impact and increase the cost-effectiveness and sustainability of this promising technology.
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22
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Wen D, Fu R, Li Q. Removal of inorganic contaminants in soil by electrokinetic remediation technologies: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 401:123345. [PMID: 32763678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The soil contaminated by inorganic contaminants including heavy metals, radioactive elements and salts has been posing risks for human health and ecological environment, which has been widely paid attention in recent years. The electrokinetic remediation (EKR) technology is recognized as the most potential separation technology, which is commonly used to clean sites that are contaminated with organic and inorganic contaminants. It is the most suitable remediation technology for low permeability porous matrices. The main transport mechanism of pollutants in EKR include electromigration, electroosmosis and electrophoresis, coupled with electrolysis and geochemical reactions. Although arduous endeavors have been carried out to build optimal operating conditions and reveal the mechanism of EKR process, a systematic theoretical foundation hasn't been sorted yet. A comprehensive review on electrokinetic remediation of inorganic contaminants in soil is given in this study, and a more systematic theoretical foundation is sorted out according to the latest theoretical achievements. This theoretical system mainly focuses on the scientific and practical aspects of the application of EKR technology in soil remediation, by which we try to dig into the core of this technology. It contains key motive power of electric phenomena, side effects, energy consumption and supply, and removal of heavy metals, radioactive elements and salts in soil during EKR. In addition, correlations between dehydration, crystallization effect, focusing effect and thermal effect are disclosed; optimal operating conditions for the removal of heavy metals by EKR and EKR coupled with PRB are discussed and sorted out. Also discussed herein is the relationship between energy allocation and energy saving. According to the related findings, some potential improvements are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wen
- Centre for Environmental Risk Management & Remediation of Soil & Groundwater, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Rongbing Fu
- Centre for Environmental Risk Management & Remediation of Soil & Groundwater, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Qian Li
- Centre for Environmental Risk Management & Remediation of Soil & Groundwater, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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23
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Gao M, Zeng F, Tang F, Wang K, Xu X, Tian G. An increasing Cr recovery from soil with catholyte-enhanced electrokinetic remediation: Effects on voltage redistribution throughout soil sections. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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24
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Tang X, Li R, Han D, Wu X. Impacts of electrokinetic isolation of phosphorus through pore water drainage on sediment phosphorus storage dynamics. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115210. [PMID: 32693325 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pore water is a crucial storage medium and a key source of sediment phosphorus. A novel equipment based on electrokinetic geosynthetics (EKGs) was used for isolating phosphorus from eutrophic lake sediments through pore water drainage. Three mutually independent indoor group experiments (A, B, and C) were conducted to investigate the effects of voltage gradient (0.00, 0.25, and 0.50 V/cm) on pore water drainage capacity, phosphorus removal performance, sediment physicochemical properties, and phosphorus storage dynamics. The average reduction in the sediment moisture and total phosphorus content was 2.5%, 4.3%, and 4.6% and 28.15, 75.95, and 112.65 mg/kg after 6 days of treatment for A, B and C, respectively. Efficient pore water drainage through gravity and electroosmotic flow and electromigration of phosphate were the main drivers of sediment-dissolved and mobilized phosphorus separation. A high voltage gradient facilitated the migration of pore water and the phosphorus in it. The maximal effluent total phosphorous (TP) concentration was up to 27.9 times that in the initial pore water samples, and negligible effluent TP was detected when the pore water pH was less than 2.5. The TP concentration was exponentially and linearly related to the pH and electronic conductivity of the electroosmotic flow, respectively. The migration of H+ within the sediment matrix promoted the liberation of metals bounded to phosphorus, particularly of Ca-P and Fe-P. Pore water drainage through an EKG resulted in Ex-P separation of up to 87.50% and a 13.84 mg/kg decrease in Ca-P and 125.35 mg/kg accumulation of low mobile Fe-P in the weak acid anode zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianqiang Tang
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China; Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, China; Changjiang River Eco-Environmental Engineering Research Centre, China Three Gorges Corporation, Beijing, 10080, China.
| | - Rui Li
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China; Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Ding Han
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China; Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Xingyi Wu
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China; Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, China
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25
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Fraiese A, Cesaro A, Belgiorno V, Sanromán MA, Pazos M, Naddeo V. Ultrasonic processes for the advanced remediation of contaminated sediments. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 67:105171. [PMID: 32446202 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sediments play a fundamental role in the aquatic environment, so that the presence of contaminants poses severe concern for the possible negative effects on both environmental and human health. Sediment remediation is thus necessary to reduce pollutant concentrations and several techniques have been studied so far. A novel approach for sediment remediation is the use of Advanced Oxidation Processes, which include ultrasound (US). This paper focuses on the study of the ultrasonic effects for the simultaneous reduction of both organic and inorganic contaminants from sediments. To this end, the US technology was investigated as a stand-alone treatment as well as in combination with an electro-kinetic (EK) process, known to be effective in the removal of heavy metals from soil and sediments. The US remediation resulted in higher organic compound degradation, with an average 88% removal, but promising desorption yields (47-84%) were achieved for heavy metals as well. The combined EK/US process was found to be particularly effective for lead. Experimental outcomes highlighted the potential of the ultrasonic technology for the remediation of contaminated sediments and addressed some considerations for the possible scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fraiese
- Sanitary and Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 - 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - A Cesaro
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Napoli Federico II, via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - V Belgiorno
- Sanitary and Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 - 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - M A Sanromán
- CINTEX - Universidade de Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - M Pazos
- CINTEX - Universidade de Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - V Naddeo
- Sanitary and Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 - 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
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26
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Yustres Á, López-Vizcaíno R, Cabrera V, Rodrigo MA, Navarro V. Donnan-ion hydration model to estimate the electroosmotic permeability of clays. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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27
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Mangini LFK, Valt RBG, Ponte MJJDS, Ponte HDA. Vanadium removal from spent catalyst used in the manufacture of sulfuric acid by electrical potential application. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Ghobadi R, Altaee A, Zhou JL, McLean P, Yadav S. Copper removal from contaminated soil through electrokinetic process with reactive filter media. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 252:126607. [PMID: 32443274 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrokinetic (EK) remediation has been used in the removal of metal ions from contaminated soil. This study focused on integrating the EK technique with different reactive filter media (RFM) of activated carbon (AC) and biochar (BC) for the first time without adding chemicals to facilitate the removal of copper ions from the contaminated kaolinite soil. Tests based on EK, EK coupled with AC (EK-AC), and EK combined with BC (EK-BC) were performed under an electric potential of 10 V, and the overall removal efficiency of copper ions decreased as EK-BC > EK-AC > EK. The results show that 27% of copper in the soil was captured by BC, compared with only 10% by AC. Additional EK-BC test performed under a constant current (20 mA) revealed that the acid front swept across the soil, resulting in 70.6-95.0% copper removal from soil sections 4 to 1 close to the anode region with more copper accumulation in section 5. Similar to the EK-BC test under a fixed voltage, 26% of copper in the soil was captured by BC during EK-BC treatment under a constant current although with a higher energy consumption. Moreover, RFM was regenerated by flushing with an acid solution, achieving 99.3% of copper recovery in BC and 78.4% in AC. Although the permeability of AC-RFM was higher than that of BC-RFM, copper contaminant was more easily leached out from the BC-RFM. The findings demonstrated the feasibility of contaminant entrapment in BC-RFM and recovery by acid leaching, with potential for sustainable soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Ghobadi
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Ali Altaee
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - John L Zhou
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Peter McLean
- School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Sudesh Yadav
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
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Xiao J, Zhou S, Chu L, Liu Y, Li J, Zhang J, Tian L. Electrokinetic remediation of uranium(VI)-contaminated red soil using composite electrolyte of citric acid and ferric chloride. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:4478-4488. [PMID: 31832950 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06990-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the process of electrokinetic (EK) remediation of uranium-contaminated soil, the existence form of uranium in soil pore fluid will affect on its migration behavior. In this paper, a novel type of electrolyte (citric acid + ferric chloride, CA+ FeCl3) has been investigated for the EK remediation of uranium-contaminated red soil. The effects of different electrolyte and the concentrations of FeCl3 on migration behavior of U(VI) and environmental risks were investigated after EK remediation. The result showed that the optimum concentration was 0.1 mol/L CA mixed with 0.03 mol/L FeCl3 in this study. At this time, the removal efficiency of uranium was about 61.55 ± 0.41%, and the cumulative energy consumption was 0.2559 kWh. Compared with deionized water and single CA, combined CA with FeCl3 has the advantages of high removal efficiency, low leaching toxicity, and less damage to the soil after the electrokinetic remediation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Xiao
- School of Civil Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Shukui Zhou
- School of Civil Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
| | - Luping Chu
- School of Civil Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Yinjiu Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Jiali Li
- School of Civil Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Linyu Tian
- School of Civil Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
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Song Y, Cang L, Xu H, Wu S, Zhou D. Migration and decomplexation of metal-chelate complexes causing metal accumulation phenomenon after chelate-enhanced electrokinetic remediation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 377:106-112. [PMID: 31154197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the migration and decomplexation effects of metal-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) complexes during an electrokinetic (EK) remediation process and the resulting metal accumulation phenomena. Six EK tests with control of the electrolyte pH and using ion-exchange membranes were performed to treat Pb-EDTA and Cd-EDTA co-contaminated red soil. The obtained results showed that a portion of free metal cations could be decomplexed from the metal-EDTA complexes due to the low pH and electrochemical degradation at the anode. These cations went back into the soil by electromigration and accumulated in separate locations according to their hydrolysis ability and the distribution of soil pH in different sections. Totals of 61% Cd and 83% Pb were removed from the soil after a 7-day treatment under the condition of controlling the electrolyte pH at 10. The removal efficiencies of metals under the anion-exchange membrane-assisted treatment were higher than those of the cation-exchange membrane-assisted treatment. Based on the mechanisms of metal accumulation phenomena, the migration of decomplexed free metal cations back to the soil is limited by using an anion-exchange membrane or pre-precipitation with alkaline conditions was confirmed to effectively reduce the effect of metal accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Song
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Long Cang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Hongting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Song Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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31
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Benamar A, Tian Y, Portet-Koltalo F, Ammami MT, Giusti-Petrucciani N, Song Y, Boulangé-Lecomte C. Enhanced electrokinetic remediation of multi-contaminated dredged sediments and induced effect on their toxicity. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 228:744-755. [PMID: 31071561 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Electrokinetic (EK) remediation is often developed for metal decontamination but shows limitations for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) which are nonionic and involve low aqueous solubility. This paper reports many laboratory studies devoted to the investigations of EK efficiency on the mobility and the removal of metals, PAHs and PCBs from dredged sediments, using a mixture of chelating agent and surfactants. The results showed that increasing chelating agent concentration was favorable for both metal and PAH removal. Applying a periodic voltage gradient associated to a low concentration of additives provided the best removal of Zn, Cd and Pb and also the 16 priority PAHs. The tested fresh harbor sediment was highly resistant to metals and organics mobilization and transport because of an aged contamination, a high buffering capacity, a very low hydraulic permeability and a high organic matter content. However, experiments performed on a former sediment which was deposited many years ago provided better removal results, involving low organic matter and carbonates content. The efficiency of the EK process was also assessed by measuring the acute toxicity of the EK-treated sediment on the copepod Eurytemora affinis exposed to sediment elutriates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Benamar
- Normandie University, ULHN, LOMC UMR CNRS 6294, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, Le Havre, France.
| | - Y Tian
- Normandie University, ULHN, LOMC UMR CNRS 6294, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, Le Havre, France.
| | - F Portet-Koltalo
- Normandie University, URN, COBRA UMR CNRS 6014, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, Evreux, France.
| | - M T Ammami
- CESI, Engineering School, Civil Engineering Department, Nanterre, Paris, France.
| | - N Giusti-Petrucciani
- Normandie University, ULHN, SEBIO UMR-I 02, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, Le Havre, France.
| | - Y Song
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266000, China.
| | - C Boulangé-Lecomte
- Normandie University, ULHN, SEBIO UMR-I 02, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, Le Havre, France.
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Shu J, Sun X, Liu R, Liu Z, Wu H, Chen M, Li B. Enhanced electrokinetic remediation of manganese and ammonia nitrogen from electrolytic manganese residue using pulsed electric field in different enhancement agents. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 171:523-529. [PMID: 30641313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) is a solid waste generated in the process of producing electrolytic metal manganese and contains a lot of manganese and ammonia nitrogen. In this study, electrokinetic remediation (EK) of manganese and ammonia nitrogen from EMR were carried out by using pulse electric field (PE) in different agents, and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), citric acid (CA) and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) were used as enhancement agents. The removal behavior of ammonia nitrogen and manganese under direct current field (DC) and PE, and the relationship between manganese fractionation and transport behavior, as well as the energy consumption were investigated. The results demonstrated that the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen and manganese using PE were higher than DC. SDBS, EDTA and CA could enhance electroosmosis and electromigration, and the sequence of enhancement agent effects were CA, SDBS, EDTA, distilled water. The highest removal efficiency of manganese and ammonia nitrogen were 94.74% and 88.20%, and the effective removal amount of manganese and ammonia nitrogen was 23.93 and 1.48 mg·wh-1, when CA and SDBS+CA was used as the enhancement agents, respectively. Moreover, electromigration was the main removal mechanism of manganese and ammonia nitrogen in the EK process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle (SWUST), Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang 621010, China.
| | - Xiaolong Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Renlong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zuohua Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Haiping Wu
- Sichuan jiuzhou technician college, 9 Ninesheng Road, Mianyang 621099, China
| | - Mengjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle (SWUST), Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Bobo Li
- College of Mining, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
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Gang Y, Won EJ, Ra K, Choi JY, Lee KW, Kim K. Environmental assessment of contaminated marine sediments treated with solidification agents: Directions for improving environmental assessment guidelines. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 139:193-200. [PMID: 29804787 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of dredged materials is a critical issue, since management and disposal of these products requires considerable investment of monetary resources, time, and space. The high concentration of pollutants in dredged materials, along with high water content and many fine particles make recycling these materials particularly difficult. In order to solve this problem, solidification/stabilization has been considered as a potentially viable solution for recycling dredged marine sediments. However, there are currently no guidelines that address potential biological and environmental impacts. To evaluate the stability of treated materials and their biological impacts, dredged marine sediments, which were polluted with heavy metals, were treated by solidification/stabilization using two different solidifying agents. To assess potential impacts, toxicity characteristic leaching procedures (TCLP, USEPA) and a bioassay (with the rotifer, Brachionus sp.) were performed with treated materials. In a TCLP test, we found that treatment with a solidification agent decreased the leaching concentration of heavy metals from sediment compared to the control. The rotifer bioassay showed no change in the survival rate during 24 h of exposure to both agents. However, survival differed between the two agents after 48 h of exposure. Screening physiological status using gene expression, showed that oxidative stress genes were significantly altered. These results suggest that more studies are needed to provide guidelines for deciding the usability of treated materials created by the solidification or stabilization of dredged materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehui Gang
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 385, Haeyang-ro, Youngdo, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology, 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Won
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 385, Haeyang-ro, Youngdo, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Science and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kongtae Ra
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 385, Haeyang-ro, Youngdo, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology, 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Choi
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 385, Haeyang-ro, Youngdo, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology, 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyun-Woo Lee
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 385, Haeyang-ro, Youngdo, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology, 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungrean Kim
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 385, Haeyang-ro, Youngdo, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology, 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Li X, Li J, Sui H, He L, Cao X, Li Y. Evaluation and determination of soil remediation schemes using a modified AHP model and its application in a contaminated coking plant. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 353:300-311. [PMID: 29679890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Soil remediation has been considered as one of the most difficult pollution treatment tasks due to its high complexity in contaminants, geological conditions, usage, urgency, etc. The diversity in remediation technologies further makes quick selection of suitable remediation schemes much tougher even the site investigation has been done. Herein, a sustainable decision support hierarchical model has been developed to select, evaluate and determine preferred soil remediation schemes comprehensively based on modified analytic hierarchy process (MAHP). This MAHP method combines competence model and the Grubbs criteria with the conventional AHP. It not only considers the competence differences among experts in group decision, but also adjusts the big deviation caused by different experts' preference through sample analysis. This conversion allows the final remediation decision more reasonable. In this model, different evaluation criteria, including economic effect, environmental effect and technological effect, are employed to evaluate the integrated performance of remediation schemes followed by a strict computation using above MAHP. To confirm the feasibility of this developed model, it has been tested by a benzene workshop contaminated site in Beijing coking plant. Beyond soil remediation, this MAHP model would also be applied in other fields referring to multi-criteria group decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; National Engineering Research Center of Distillation Technology, Tianjin, 300072, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), 300072, China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), 300072, China
| | - Hong Sui
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; National Engineering Research Center of Distillation Technology, Tianjin, 300072, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), 300072, China
| | - Lin He
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; National Engineering Research Center of Distillation Technology, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Xingtao Cao
- CNOOC EnerTech- Beijing Safety& Environmental Protection Engineering Technology Research Institute, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yonghong Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; National Engineering Research Center of Distillation Technology, Tianjin, 300072, China
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Tang X, Li Q, Wang Z, Hu Y, Hu Y, Scholz M. Improved isolation of cadmium from paddy soil by novel technology based on pore water drainage with graphite-contained electro-kinetic geosynthetics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:14244-14253. [PMID: 29525860 PMCID: PMC5978830 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1664-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Novel soil remediation equipment based on electro-kinetic geosynthetics (EKG) was developed for in situ isolation of metals from paddy soil. Two mutually independent field plot experiments A and B (with and without electric current applied) were conducted. After saturation using ferric chloride (FeCl3) and calcium chloride (CaCl2), soil water drainage capacity, soil cadmium (Cd) removal performance, energy consumption as well as soil residual of iron (Fe) and chloride (Cl) were assessed. Cadmium dissolved in the soil matrix and resulted in a 100% increase of diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid (DTPA) extracted phyto-available Cd. The total soil Cd content reductions were 15.20% and 26.58% for groups A and B, respectively, and electric field applications resulted in a 74.87% increase of soil total Cd removal. The electric energy consumption was only 2.17 kWh/m3 for group B. Drainage by gravity contributed to > 90% of the overall soil dewatering capacity. Compared to conventional electro-kinetic technology, excellent and fast soil water drainage resulted in negligible hydrogen ion (H+) and hydroxide ion (OH-) accumulation at nearby electrode zones, which addressed the challenge of anode corrosion and cathode precipitation of soil metals. External addition of FeCl3 and CaCl2 caused soil Fe and Cl residuals and led to 4.33-7.59% and 139-172% acceptable augments in soil total Fe and Cl content, correspondingly, if compared to original untreated soils. Therefore, the novel soil remediation equipment developed based on EKG can be regarded as a promising new in situ technology for thoroughly isolating metals from large-scale paddy soil fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianqiang Tang
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China.
- Key Laboratory of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Geo-Hazards and Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Area, Hubei Province, Yichang, 443002, China.
| | - Qingyun Li
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China
- Key Laboratory of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China
- Key Laboratory of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Geo-Hazards and Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Area, Hubei Province, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Yanping Hu
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China
- Key Laboratory of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China
- Key Laboratory of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Miklas Scholz
- Division of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 118, 22100, Lund, Sweden.
- Department of Civil Engineering Science, School of Civil Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, PO Box 524, Aukland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa.
- Civil Engineering Research Group, School of Computing, Science and Engineering, The University of Salford, Newton Building, Peel Park Campus, Salford, Greater Manchester, M5 4WT, UK.
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36
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Enhanced electrokinetic remediation of cadmium-contaminated natural clay using organophosphonates in comparison with EDTA. Chin J Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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37
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Tian Y, Boulangé-Lecomte C, Benamar A, Giusti-Petrucciani N, Duflot A, Olivier S, Frederick C, Forget-Leray J, Portet-Koltalo F. Application of a crustacean bioassay to evaluate a multi-contaminated (metal, PAH, PCB) harbor sediment before and after electrokinetic remediation using eco-friendly enhancing agents. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 607-608:944-953. [PMID: 28724226 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Electrokinetic (EK) remediation can be a suitable technology for treating contaminated dredged harbor sediment, stored on terrestrial disposal sites. Citric acid (CA) and biosurfactants (rhamnolipids and saponin) were chosen as enhancing agents for simultaneous metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn) and PAH/PCB removal by EK because of their potential low toxicity with a view to site restoration. Three EK runs were performed using a periodic voltage (1Vcm-1) and various concentrations of agents. The best combination of CA (0.2molL-1) and saponin (0.85gL-1) did not remove high amounts of metals (4.4-15.8%) and provided only slightly better results for PAH and PCB removal (29.2% and 38.2%, respectively). The harbor sediment was highly resistant to metal and organics mobilization and transport because of an aged contamination, a high buffering capacity, a very low hydraulic permeability and a high organic matter content. The efficiency of the EK process was also assessed by measuring the acute toxicity of the EK-treated sediment on E. affinis copepods exposed to sediment elutriates. Fortunately, the use of CA and biosurfactants did not significantly impact on sediment toxicity. Some treated sediment sections, particularly those near the anode compartment, were statistically more toxic than the raw sediment. More particularly, E. affinis copepods were significantly sensitive to low pH values and oxidative conditions, to Cu, and to a lesser extent to Pb amounts. The speciation of these metals probably changed in these pH and redox conditions so that they became more easily leachable and bioavailable. In contrast, toxicity was negatively correlated to PAH and PCB amounts after EK treatment, probably due to the production of oxidized metabolites of PAHs and PCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tian
- Normandie University, ULHN, LOMC UMR CNRS 6294, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, 53 rue de Prony, 76600 Le Havre, France; Normandie University, URN, COBRA UMR CNRS 6014, 55 rue Saint Germain, 27000 Evreux, France.
| | - C Boulangé-Lecomte
- Normandie University, ULHN, SEBIO UMR-I 02, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, BP 1123, F-76063 Le Havre, France.
| | - A Benamar
- Normandie University, ULHN, LOMC UMR CNRS 6294, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, 53 rue de Prony, 76600 Le Havre, France.
| | - N Giusti-Petrucciani
- Normandie University, ULHN, SEBIO UMR-I 02, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, BP 1123, F-76063 Le Havre, France.
| | - A Duflot
- Normandie University, ULHN, SEBIO UMR-I 02, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, BP 1123, F-76063 Le Havre, France.
| | - S Olivier
- Normandie University, ULHN, SEBIO UMR-I 02, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, BP 1123, F-76063 Le Havre, France.
| | - C Frederick
- Normandie University, ULHN, SEBIO UMR-I 02, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, BP 1123, F-76063 Le Havre, France
| | - J Forget-Leray
- Normandie University, ULHN, SEBIO UMR-I 02, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, BP 1123, F-76063 Le Havre, France.
| | - F Portet-Koltalo
- Normandie University, URN, COBRA UMR CNRS 6014, 55 rue Saint Germain, 27000 Evreux, France.
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Lenninger M, Schweibert N, Leierer J, Weigel G, Loacker L, Neuwirth H, Mayer G, Bechtold T. Separation of metabolic products by electroosmotic dialysis in the plasma model. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.11.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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39
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40
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The influence of macroelements on energy consumption during periodic power electrokinetic remediation of heavy metals contaminated black soil. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.03.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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41
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Xu H, Ding M, Shen K, Cui J, Chen W. Removal of aluminum from drinking water treatment sludge using vacuum electrokinetic technology. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 173:404-410. [PMID: 28129618 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A vacuum electrokinetic apparatus was operated at a municipal water supply plant in Wuxi, China to study the removal of aluminum from the plant's drinking water treatment sludge, high in trivalent aluminum content. The effect of several experimental variables (initial pH, potential gradient, and zone in the sludge tank) and the trivalent aluminum removal mechanism were analyzed. The speciation of trivalent aluminum mainly depends on the initial pH of drinking water treatment sludge, and more fractions of trivalent aluminum were migrated at pH 4 than at higher or lower pH. The application of high voltage can enhance the removal efficiency of aluminum. A three-dimensional electric field analysis explained the difference in the removal efficiency at different zones in the sludge tank. In view of energy consumption, when the initial pH was 4 and a potential gradient of 2 V cm-1 was applied, achieving a final aluminum concentration of 30 g kg-1 after 120 h. The specific energy consumption was 11.7 kWh kg-1 of Al removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Mingmei Ding
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Kunlun Shen
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Cui
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
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Masi M, Ceccarini A, Iannelli R. Multispecies reactive transport modelling of electrokinetic remediation of harbour sediments. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 326:187-196. [PMID: 28027489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We implemented a numerical model to simulate transport of multiple species and geochemical reactions occurring during electrokinetic remediation of metal-contaminated porous media. The main phenomena described by the model were: (1) species transport by diffusion, electromigration and electroosmosis, (2) pH-dependent buffering of H+, (3) adsorption of metals onto particle surfaces, (4) aqueous speciation, (5) formation and dissolution of solid precipitates. The model was applied to simulate the electrokinetic extraction of heavy metals (Pb, Zn and Ni) from marine harbour sediments, characterized by a heterogeneous solid matrix, high buffering capacity and aged pollution. A good agreement was found between simulations of pH, electroosmotic flow and experimental results. The predicted residual metal concentrations in the sediment were also close to experimental profiles for all of the investigated metals. Some removal overestimation was observed in the regions close to the anode, possibly due to the significant metal content bound to residual fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Masi
- Department of Energy, Systems, Territory, and Construction Engineering, University of Pisa, Via C.F. Gabba, 22, 56122 Pisa (PI), Italy.
| | - Alessio Ceccarini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi, 13, 56124 Pisa (PI), Italy.
| | - Renato Iannelli
- Department of Energy, Systems, Territory, and Construction Engineering, University of Pisa, Via C.F. Gabba, 22, 56122 Pisa (PI), Italy.
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Falciglia PP, Malarbì D, Greco V, Vagliasindi FG. Surfactant and MGDA enhanced – Electrokinetic treatment for the simultaneous removal of mercury and PAHs from marine sediments. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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44
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Lofrano G, Libralato G, Minetto D, De Gisi S, Todaro F, Conte B, Calabrò D, Quatraro L, Notarnicola M. In situ remediation of contaminated marinesediment: an overview. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:5189-5206. [PMID: 28013464 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8281-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Sediment tends to accumulate inorganic and persistent hydrophobic organic contaminants representing one of the main sinks and sources of pollution. Generally, contaminated sediment poses medium- and long-term risks to humans and ecosystem health; dredging activities or natural resuspension phenomena (i.e., strongly adverse weather conditions) can remobilize pollution releasing it into the water column. Thus, ex situ traditional remediation activities (i.e., dredging) can be hazardous compared to in situ techniques that try to keep to a minimum sediment mobilization, unless dredging is compulsory to reach a desired bathymetric level. We reviewed in situ physico-chemical (i.e., active mixing and thin capping, solidification/stabilization, chemical oxidation, dechlorination, electrokinetic separation, and sediment flushing) and bio-assisted treatments, including hybrid solutions (i.e., nanocomposite reactive capping, bioreactive capping, microbial electrochemical technologies). We found that significant gaps still remain into the knowledge about the application of in situ contaminated sediment remediation techniques from the technical and the practical viewpoint. Only activated carbon-based technologies are well developed and currently applied with several available case studies. The environmental implication of in situ remediation technologies was only shortly investigated on a long-term basis after its application, so it is not clear how they can really perform.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lofrano
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Technical University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - G Libralato
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Technical University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia ed. 7, 80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - D Minetto
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Technical University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - S De Gisi
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Technical University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - F Todaro
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Technical University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - B Conte
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Technical University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - D Calabrò
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Technical University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - L Quatraro
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Technical University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - M Notarnicola
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Technical University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
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Hahladakis JN, Latsos A, Gidarakos E. Performance of electroremediation in real contaminated sediments using a big cell, periodic voltage and innovative surfactants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 320:376-385. [PMID: 27585269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present work focused on evaluating the electrokinetic (EK) treatment of real contaminated sediments with toxic metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), using a big laboratory EK cell, periodic voltage and recently tested non-ionic surfactants. The results indicated that the "day on-night off" application mode of voltage, in conjunction with the selected solubilising agents, favoured the overall EK process. Arsenic, nickel and chromium exhibited the highest removal percentages, obtaining 83%, 67% and 63%, respectively, while zinc and lead attained 54% and 41% at the maximum. Furthermore, in the experiments where the non-ionic surfactants were introduced in the electrolyte chambers, there was a major uniformly removal of PAHs from the entire sediment across the EK cell, indicating the high solubilisation capacity of the enhancing agents. Essentially, transport and in some cases removal of PAHs (particularly from sections adjacent to the electrolyte compartments) also occurred in the unenhanced EK run, mainly due their negative charge, their potential weak bonds to the soil matrix and to the periodic application of voltage. Maximum removal was obtained by the use of Nonidet P40 where app. 1/3 (ca. 6498μg out of 20145μg) of the total initial amount of PAHs were removed from the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- John N Hahladakis
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Politechnioupolis, Chania 73100, Greece; School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, LS2 9JT, Leeds, United Kingdom.
| | - Antonis Latsos
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Politechnioupolis, Chania 73100, Greece
| | - Evangelos Gidarakos
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Politechnioupolis, Chania 73100, Greece.
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46
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Missaoui A, Said I, Lafhaj Z, Hamdi E. Influence of enhancing electrolytes on the removal efficiency of heavy metals from Gabes marine sediments (Tunisia). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 113:44-54. [PMID: 27742129 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the feasibility of the treatment of heavy metals-contaminated sediments from Gabes harbor (Tunisia) using enhanced electrokinetic process. It presented a laboratory short-time electrokinetic experiment. The enhancing agents, as citric, acetic acids and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were used regarding their low environmental hazard. The electrokinetic cell was specially designed in order to elaborate two experiments at the same time. This paper is composed of three parts. The first part introduces the characterization of Gabes sediments. The second part describes the design of laboratory electrokinetic cell and the followed methods. The third part is dedicated to the results analysis. Treatment efficiency revealed that more than 80% of lead was removed from Gabes marine sediments. The reduction of cooper concentration, in sediments after treatment, ranged from 74 to 87%. Despite, the high removal of cadmium that ranged from 58 to 79%, treated sediments presented Cd concentration above the threshold limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Missaoui
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tunis, LR14ES03-Ingénierie Géotechnique, BP 37 Le Belvédère, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia; Ecole Centrale de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Imen Said
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tunis, LR14ES03-Ingénierie Géotechnique, BP 37 Le Belvédère, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Essaieb Hamdi
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tunis, LR14ES03-Ingénierie Géotechnique, BP 37 Le Belvédère, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
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47
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Falciglia PP, Malarbì D, Vagliasindi FG. Removal of mercury from marine sediments by the combined application of a biodegradable non-ionic surfactant and complexing agent in enhanced-electrokinetic treatment. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.11.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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48
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Yuan L, Xu X, Li H, Wang N, Guo N, Yu H. Development of novel assisting agents for the electrokinetic remediation of heavy metal-contaminated kaolin. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.09.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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49
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Bahemmat M, Farahbakhsh M, Kianirad M. Humic substances-enhanced electroremediation of heavy metals contaminated soil. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 312:307-318. [PMID: 27058638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of catholyte conditioning and the use of humic acids (HAs) and fulvic acids (FAs) as chelating agents to improve electrokinetic (EK) remediation efficiency were investigated using a real and highly contaminated soil. By applying a constant voltage (2.0V/cm) to the soil, pH and current changes and heavy metals (HMs) concentration were investigated through a range of durations and positions. The observations demonstrated that both catholyte conditioning with 0.1N HNO3 and using humic substances (HSs) enhance remediation efficiency. After 20 days of EK treatment, the removal efficiency of HMs in HS-enhanced EK remediation was about 2.0-3.0 times greater than when unenhanced. The quantity of HMs moving toward the cathode exceeded the anode, from which it could be reasonably inferred that most negatively charged HM-HS complexes were moved by electroosmotic forces. Further, free HM cations and positively charged complexed HMs migrated to the catholyte compartment by electromigration. The results obtained in this study, demonstrate the suitability of HS-enhanced EK remediation in HMs contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Bahemmat
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Farahbakhsh
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehran Kianirad
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran.
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50
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Pedersen KB, Lejon T, Jensen PE, Ottosen LM. Applying multivariate analysis as decision tool for evaluating sediment-specific remediation strategies. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 151:59-67. [PMID: 26928331 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Multivariate methodology was employed for finding optimum remediation conditions for electrodialytic remediation of harbour sediment from an Arctic location in Norway. The parts of the experimental domain in which both sediment- and technology-specific remediation objectives were met were identified. Objectives targeted were removal of the sediment-specific pollutants Cu and Pb, while minimising the effect on the sediment matrix by limiting the removal of naturally occurring metals while maintaining low energy consumption. Two different cell designs for electrochemical remediation were tested and final concentrations of Cu and Pb were below background levels in large parts of the experimental domain when operating at low current densities (<0.12 mA/cm(2)). However, energy consumption, remediation times and the effect on naturally occurring metals were different for the 2- and 3-compartment cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine B Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Postbox 6050 Langnes, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; Akvaplan-Niva AS, Framsenteret, Postbox 6606 Langnes, 9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tore Lejon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Postbox 6050 Langnes, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Pernille E Jensen
- Arctic Technology Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 118, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth M Ottosen
- Arctic Technology Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 118, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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