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Crabb E, Aggarwal A, Stephens R, Shao-Horn Y, Leverick G, Grossman JC. Electrolyte Dependence of Li + Transport Mechanisms in Small Molecule Solvents from Classical Molecular Dynamics. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:3427-3441. [PMID: 38551621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c07999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
As demands on Li-ion battery performance increase, the need for electrolytes with high ionic conductivity and a high Li+ transference number (tLi) becomes crucial to boost power density. Unfortunately, tLi in liquid electrolytes is typically <0.5 due to Li+ migrating via a vehicular mechanism, whereby Li+ diffuses along with its solvation shell, making its diffusivity slower than the counteranion. Designing liquid electrolytes where the Li+ ion diffuses independently of its solvation shell is of significant interest to enhance the transference number. In this work, we elucidate how the properties of the solvent influence the Li+ transport mechanism. Using classical molecular dynamics simulations, we find that a vehicular mechanism can be increasingly preferred with a decreasing solvent viscosity and increasing interaction energy between the solvent and Li+. Thus, a weaker interaction energy can enhance tLi through a solvent-exchange mechanism, ultimately improving Li-ion battery performance. Finally, metadynamics simulations show that in electrolytes where a solvent-exchange mechanism is preferable, the energy barrier to changing the coordination environment of Li+ is much lower than in electrolytes where a vehicular mechanism dominates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Crabb
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Physics Program, Centre College, 600 W Walnut St, Danville, Kentucky 40422, United States
| | - Abhishek Aggarwal
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ryan Stephens
- Shell International Exploration & Production Inc., Houston, Texas 77082, United States
| | - Yang Shao-Horn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Graham Leverick
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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2
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Mohapatra S, Teherpuria H, Paul Chowdhury SS, Ansari SJ, Jaiswal PK, Netz RR, Mogurampelly S. Ion transport mechanisms in pectin-containing EC-LiTFSI electrolytes. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:3144-3159. [PMID: 38258993 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04029a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we report the structure and ion transport characteristics of a new class of solid polymer electrolytes that contain the biodegradable and mechanically stable biopolymer pectin. We used highly conducting ethylene carbonate (EC) as a solvent for simulating lithium-trifluoromethanesulfonimide (LiTFSI) salt containing different weight percentages of pectin. Our simulations reveal that the pectin chains reduce the coordination number of lithium ions around their counterions (and vice versa) because of stronger lithium-pectin interactions compared to lithium-TFSI interactions. Furthermore, the pectin is found to promote smaller ionic aggregates over larger ones, in contrast to the results typically reported for liquid and polymer electrolytes. We observed that the loading of pectin in EC-LiTFSI electrolytes increases their viscosity (η) and relaxation timescales (τc), indicating higher mechanical stability, and, consequently, a decrease of the mean squared displacement, diffusion coefficient (D), and Nernst-Einstein conductivity (σNE). Interestingly, while the lithium diffusivities are related to the ion-pair relaxation timescales as D+ ∼ τc-3.1, the TFSI- diffusivities exhibit excellent correlations with ion-pair relaxation timescales as D- ∼ τc-0.95. On the other hand, the NE conductivities are dictated by distinct transport mechanisms and scales with ion-pair relaxation timescales as σNE ∼ τc-1.85.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sipra Mohapatra
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, N.H. 62, Nagaur Road, Karwar, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342030, India.
| | - Hema Teherpuria
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, N.H. 62, Nagaur Road, Karwar, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342030, India.
| | - Sapta Sindhu Paul Chowdhury
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, N.H. 62, Nagaur Road, Karwar, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342030, India.
| | - Suleman Jalilahmad Ansari
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, N.H. 62, Nagaur Road, Karwar, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342030, India.
| | - Prabhat K Jaiswal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, N.H. 62, Nagaur Road, Karwar, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342030, India.
| | - Roland R Netz
- Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Santosh Mogurampelly
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, N.H. 62, Nagaur Road, Karwar, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342030, India.
- Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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3
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Leong KW, Pan W, Yi X, Luo S, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Mao J, Chen Y, Xuan J, Wang H, Leung DY. Next-generation magnesium-ion batteries: The quasi-solid-state approach to multivalent metal ion storage. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh1181. [PMID: 37556543 PMCID: PMC10411913 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh1181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Mg-ion batteries offer a safe, low-cost, and high-energy density alternative to current Li-ion batteries. However, nonaqueous Mg-ion batteries struggle with poor ionic conductivity, while aqueous batteries face a narrow electrochemical window. Our group previously developed a water-in-salt battery with an operating voltage above 2 V yet still lower than its nonaqueous counterpart because of the dominance of proton over Mg-ion insertion in the cathode. We designed a quasi-solid-state magnesium-ion battery (QSMB) that confines the hydrogen bond network for true multivalent metal ion storage. The QSMB demonstrates an energy density of 264 W·hour kg-1, nearly five times higher than aqueous Mg-ion batteries and a voltage plateau (2.6 to 2.0 V), outperforming other Mg-ion batteries. In addition, it retains 90% of its capacity after 900 cycles at subzero temperatures (-22°C). The QSMB leverages the advantages of aqueous and nonaqueous systems, offering an innovative approach to designing high-performing Mg-ion batteries and other multivalent metal ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee Wah Leong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Wending Pan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaoping Yi
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shijing Luo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaolong Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Yingguang Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Yifei Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 510006, China
| | - Jianjun Mao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Jin Xuan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Huizhi Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Dennis Y. C. Leung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
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4
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Dielectric properties OF 40SiO2–40P2O5–20ZrO2 /sulfonated styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene hybrid membranes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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5
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He F, Xue B, Zhao X, Yin J. Electrorheological effect and dielectric properties of Poly(ionic liquid) microspheres with different length of alkyl chain spacer between ion pair and backbone. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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6
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Charge transfer mechanisms in 40SiO2-40P2O5-20ZrO2 /sulfonated styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene hybrid membranes for low temperature fuel cells. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Interface functionalization of composite electrolyte by Lix-CeO2 layer on the surface of Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Tang X, Chang X, Zhu B, Cui L, Jiang B, Meng F, Yan G. Self‐assembly, mesomorphic behavior, and ionic conductivity of polymerized ionic liquid crystals with a threshold switching characteristic. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinqiao Tang
- College of Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Featured Biochemical and Chemical Materials Ningde Normal University Ningde China
| | - Xiaolong Chang
- College of Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang China
| | - Boyan Zhu
- College of Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang China
| | - Luan Cui
- College of Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang China
| | - Beihong Jiang
- College of Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang China
| | - Fanbao Meng
- College of Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang China
| | - Guiyang Yan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Featured Biochemical and Chemical Materials Ningde Normal University Ningde China
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9
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Fan M, Shen KH, Hall LM. Effect of Tethering Anions in Block Copolymer Electrolytes via Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Fan
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Kuan-Hsuan Shen
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Lisa M. Hall
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Xie S, Nikolaev A, Nordness OA, C. Llanes L, Jones SD, Richardson PM, Wang H, Clément RJ, Read de Alaniz J, Segalman RA. Polymer Electrolyte Based on Cyano-Functionalized Polysiloxane with Enhanced Salt Dissolution and High Ionic Conductivity. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Xie
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Mitsubishi Chemical Center for Advanced Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Andrei Nikolaev
- Mitsubishi Chemical Center for Advanced Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Oscar A. Nordness
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Mitsubishi Chemical Center for Advanced Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Luana C. Llanes
- Mitsubishi Chemical Center for Advanced Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Seamus D. Jones
- Mitsubishi Chemical Center for Advanced Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Peter M. Richardson
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Mitsubishi Chemical Center for Advanced Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Hengbin Wang
- Mitsubishi Chemical Center for Advanced Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Raphaële J. Clément
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Mitsubishi Chemical Center for Advanced Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Javier Read de Alaniz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Rachel A. Segalman
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Mitsubishi Chemical Center for Advanced Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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11
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Paren BA, Nguyen N, Ballance V, Hallinan DT, Kennemur JG, Winey KI. Superionic Li-Ion Transport in a Single-Ion Conducting Polymer Blend Electrolyte. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A. Paren
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Nam Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Valerie Ballance
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Daniel T. Hallinan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida A&M University−Florida State University (FAMU-FSU) College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Justin G. Kennemur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalin P. Gainaru
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Alexei P. Sokolov
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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13
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Xue B, He F, Zhao X, Yin J. Electro-responsive electrorheological effect and dielectric spectra analysis of topological self-crosslinked poly(ionic liquid)s. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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14
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Loaiza LC, Johansson P. Li‐salt Doped Single‐ion Conducting Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Application. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. Loaiza
- Department of Physics Chalmers University of Technology Göteborg SE‐41296 SWEDEN
| | - Patrik Johansson
- Department of Physics Chalmers University of Technology Göteborg SE‐41296 SWEDEN
- ALISTORE‐European Research Institute FR CNRS 3104, Hub de I'Energie, 15 Rue Baudelocque Amiens 80039 FRANCE
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15
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Pham Q, Jheng Y, Tsai D, Lai J, Hu C, Chern C. Solid acrylonitrile‐based copolymer electrolytes and their potential application in solid state battery. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quoc‐Thai Pham
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Huan Jheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | - Dah‐Shyang Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | - Juin‐Yih Lai
- Advanced Membrane Materials Research Centre, Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chien‐Chieh Hu
- Advanced Membrane Materials Research Centre, Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chorng‐Shyan Chern
- Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
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16
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Ghosh D, Sakpal SS, Chatterjee S, Deshmukh SH, Kwon H, Kim YS, Bagchi S. Association-Dissociation Dynamics of Ionic Electrolytes in Low Dielectric Medium. J Phys Chem B 2021; 126:239-248. [PMID: 34961310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c08613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ionic electrolytes are known to form various complexes which exist in dynamic equilibrium in a low dielectric medium. However, structural characterization of these complexes has always posed a great challenge to the scientific community. An additional challenge is the estimation of the dynamic association-dissociation time scales (lifetime of the complexes), which are key to the fundamental understanding of ion transport. In this work, we have used a combination of infrared absorption spectroscopy, two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy, molecular dynamics simulations, and density functional theory calculations to characterize the various ion complexes formed by the thiocyanate-based ionic electrolytes as a function of different cations in a low dielectric medium. Our results demonstrate that thiocyanate is an excellent vibrational reporter of the heterogeneous ion complexes undergoing association-dissociation dynamics. We find that the ionic electrolytes exist as contact ion pairs, dimers, and clusters in a low dielectric medium. The relative ratios of the various ion complexes are sensitive to the cations. In addition to the interactions between the thiocyanate anion and the countercation, the solute-solvent interactions drive the dynamic equilibrium. We have estimated the association-dissociation dynamics time scales from two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy. The exchange time scale involving the cluster is faster than that between a dimer and an ion pair. Moreover, we find that the dynamic equilibrium between the cluster and another ion complex is correlated to the solvent fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborin Ghosh
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
| | - Sushil S Sakpal
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Srijan Chatterjee
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Samadhan H Deshmukh
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Hyejin Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Yung Sam Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Sayan Bagchi
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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17
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He F, Xue B, Lei Q, Liu Y, Zhao X, Yin J. Influence of molecular weight on electro-responsive electrorheological effect of poly(ionic liquid)s: Rheology and dielectric spectroscopy analysis. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Fong KD, Self J, McCloskey BD, Persson KA. Ion Correlations and Their Impact on Transport in Polymer-Based Electrolytes. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kara D. Fong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Julian Self
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Bryan D. McCloskey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kristin A. Persson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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19
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Li B, Zhao S, Zhu J, Ge S, Xing K, Sokolov AP, Saito T, Cao PF. Rational Polymer Design of Stretchable Poly(ionic liquid) Membranes for Dual Applications. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingrui Li
- The Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Sheng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Jiadeng Zhu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Sirui Ge
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Kunyue Xing
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Alexei P. Sokolov
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Tomonori Saito
- The Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Peng-Fei Cao
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
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20
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Thomann CA, Münzner P, Moch K, Jacquemin J, Goodrich P, Sokolov AP, Böhmer R, Gainaru C. Tuning the dynamics of imidazolium-based ionic liquids via hydrogen bonding. I. The viscous regime. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:194501. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0026144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C. A. Thomann
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - P. Münzner
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - K. Moch
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - J. Jacquemin
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
- QUILL Center, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - P. Goodrich
- QUILL Center, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - A. P. Sokolov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37916, USA and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - R. Böhmer
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - C. Gainaru
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
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21
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Huang W, Li Y, Gu H, Wang J, Zhong Q. Gel Polymer Electrolyte with Enhanced Performance Based on Lignocellulose Modified by NaOH/Urea for Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Jiangsu 210094 PR China
| | - Y. Li
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Jiangsu 210094 PR China
| | - H. Gu
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Jiangsu 210094 PR China
| | - J. Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Jiangsu 210094 PR China
| | - Q. Zhong
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Jiangsu 210094 PR China
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22
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Bocharova V, Genix AC, Kisliuk A, Sala G, Osti NC, Mamontov E, Sokolov AP. Role of Fast Dynamics in Conductivity of Polymerized Ionic Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:10539-10545. [PMID: 33164513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c07549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Polymerized ionic liquids (PolyILs) are promising candidates for a broad range of technologies. However, the relatively low conductivity of PolyILs at room temperature has strongly limited their applications. In this work, we provide new insights into the roles of various microscopic parameters controlling ion transport in these polymers, which are crucial for their rational design and practical applications. Using broadband dielectric spectroscopy and neutron and light scattering techniques, we found a clear connection between the activation energy for conductivity, fast dynamics, and high-frequency shear modulus in PolyILs at their glass transition temperature (Tg). In particular, our analysis reveals a correlation between conductivity and the amplitude of fast picosecond fluctuations at Tg, suggesting the possible involvement of fast dynamics in lowering the energy barrier for ion conductivity. We also demonstrate that both the activation energy for ion transport and the amplitude of the fast fluctuations depend on the high-frequency shear moduli of PolyILs, thus identifying a practically important parameter for tuning conductivity. The parameters recognized in this work and their connection to the ionic conductivity of PolyILs set the stage for a deeper understanding of the mechanism of ion transport in PolyILs in the glassy state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Bocharova
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Anne-Caroline Genix
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Alexander Kisliuk
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Gabriele Sala
- Spallation Neutron Source, Second Target Station, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States.,Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Naresh C Osti
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Eugene Mamontov
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Alexei P Sokolov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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23
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Shen KH, Hall LM. Effects of Ion Size and Dielectric Constant on Ion Transport and Transference Number in Polymer Electrolytes. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Hsuan Shen
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Lisa M. Hall
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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24
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Fong KD, Self J, McCloskey BD, Persson KA. Onsager Transport Coefficients and Transference Numbers in Polyelectrolyte Solutions and Polymerized Ionic Liquids. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kara D. Fong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1900, United States
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Julian Self
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1900, United States
| | - Bryan D. McCloskey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1900, United States
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kristin A. Persson
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1900, United States
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25
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Paren BA, Thurston BA, Neary WJ, Kendrick A, Kennemur JG, Stevens MJ, Frischknecht AL, Winey KI. Percolated Ionic Aggregate Morphologies and Decoupled Ion Transport in Precise Sulfonated Polymers Synthesized by Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A. Paren
- Dept. Of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6272, United States
| | - Bryce A. Thurston
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Labs, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-1411, United States
| | - William J. Neary
- Dept. Of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Aaron Kendrick
- Dept. Of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Justin G. Kennemur
- Dept. Of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Mark J. Stevens
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Labs, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-1411, United States
| | - Amalie L. Frischknecht
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Labs, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-1411, United States
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Dept. Of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6272, United States
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26
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Influence of geometry of mobile countercations on conductivity, polarization and electrorheological effect of polymeric anionic liquids at ice point temperature. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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27
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Influence of Tethered Ions on Electric Polarization and Electrorheological Property of Polymerized Ionic Liquids. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122896. [PMID: 32586055 PMCID: PMC7356505 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymerized ionic liquids (PILs) show potential to be used as new water-free polyelectrolyte-based electrorheological (ER) material. To direct ER material design at the molecular level, unveiling structure-property relationships is essential. While a few studies compare the mobile ions in PILs there is still a limited understanding of how the structure of tethered counterions on backbone influences ER property. In this study, three PILs with same mobile anions but different tethered countercations (e.g., poly(dimethyldiallylammonium) P[DADMA]+, poly(benzylethyl) trimethylammonium P[VBTMA]+, and poly(1-ethyl-4-vinylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate) P[C2VIm]+) are prepared and the influence of tethered countercations on the ER property of PILs is investigated. It shows that among these PILs, P[DADMA]+ PILs have the strongest ER property and P[C2VIm]+ PILs have the weakest one. By combining dielectric spectra analysis with DFT calculation and activation energy measurement, it can clarify that the influence of tethered counterions on ER property is mainly associated with ion-pair interaction energy that is affecting ionic conductivity and interfacial polarization induced by ion motion. P[DADMA]+ has the smallest ion-pair interaction energy with mobile ions, which can result in the highest ionic conductivity and the fastest interfacial polarization rate for its strongest ER property.
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28
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Olmedo-Martínez JL, Porcarelli L, Alegría Á, Mecerreyes D, Müller AJ. High Lithium Conductivity of Miscible Poly(ethylene oxide)/Methacrylic Sulfonamide Anionic Polyelectrolyte Polymer Blends. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L. Olmedo-Martínez
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Luca Porcarelli
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science and Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Melbourne 3125, Australia
| | - Ángel Alegría
- Materials Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 5, San Sebastian 20018, Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apartado 1072, San Sebastián 20080, Spain
| | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
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29
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Bocharova V, Sokolov AP. Perspectives for Polymer Electrolytes: A View from Fundamentals of Ionic Conductivity. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Bocharova
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - A. P. Sokolov
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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30
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Zhao J, Lei Q, He F, Zheng C, Liu Y, Zhao X, Yin J. Nonmonotonic Influence of Size of Quaternary Ammonium Countercations on Micromorphology, Polarization, and Electroresponse of Anionic Poly(ionic liquid)s. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:2920-2929. [PMID: 32182069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b11702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The size influence of quaternary ammonium countercations in poly[4-styrenesulfonyl(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide][tetraalkylammonium] (P[STFSI][Nnnnn], n = 1, 2, and 3) poly(ionic liquid)s on dielectric polarization and the stimuli-responsive electrorheological effect is investigated by dielectric spectroscopy and rheology, and the microstructure-level understanding behind the influence is analyzed by Raman and X-ray scattering spectra. The size influence of quaternary ammonium cations is found to be nonmonotonic. The largest electrorheological effect accompanied by best polarization properties is demonstrated in P[STFSI][N2222]. Raman spectra and activation energy measurements demonstrate that the nonmonotonic influence originates from the fact that, compared to small N1111+ and large N3333+, intermediate N2222+ as countercations can contribute a higher mobile ion number and lower activation energy barrier of ion dissociation and motion. But the experimental values of activation energy are not consistent with theoretically calculated values by considering the ion pair electrostatic potential and elastic force contribution of the matrix. By X-ray scattering and diffraction characterizations, it is clarified that the nonmonotonic influence and the inconsistency of activation energy originate from the size influence of Nnnnn+ on the micromorphology of P[STFSI][Nnnnn]. Compared to the semicrystalline structure of P[STFSI][N1111] and the ionic aggregation structure of P[STFSI][N3333], the relatively uniform amorphous structure of P[STFSI][N2222] may be responsible for its lower activation energy barrier of ion motion. This study further provides insights into the design and preparation of future poly(ionic liquid)-based electrorheological materials by considering not only molecular structure but also micromorphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhao
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Qi Lei
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Fang He
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Chen Zheng
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhao
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Jianbo Yin
- Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
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31
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Dielectric polarization and relaxation processes of the lithium-ion conducting PEO/PVDF blend matrix-based electrolytes: effect of TiO2 nanofiller. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2656-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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32
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Sengwa R, Dhatarwal P. Predominantly chain segmental relaxation dependent ionic conductivity of multiphase semicrystalline PVDF/PEO/LiClO4 solid polymer electrolytes. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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33
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Zheng C, Lei Q, Zhao J, Zhao X, Yin J. The Effect of Dielectric Polarization Rate Difference of Filler and Matrix on the Electrorheological Responses of Poly(ionic liquid)/Polyaniline Composite Particles. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12030703. [PMID: 32235757 PMCID: PMC7183282 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
By using different conductivity of polyaniline as filler, a kind of poly(ionic liquid)/polyaniline composite particles was synthesized to investigate the influence of dielectric polarization rate difference between filler and matrix on the electrorheological response and flow stability of composite-based electrorheological fluids under simultaneous effect of shear and electric fields. The composite particles were prepared by a post ion-exchange procedure and then treated by ammonia or hydrazine to obtain different conductivity of polyaniline. Their electrorheological response was measured by dispersing these composite particles in insulating carrier liquid under electric fields. It showed that the composite particles treated by ammonia had the strongest electrorheological response and most stable flow behavior in a broad shear rate region from 0.5 s−1 to 1000 s−1. By using dielectric spectroscopy, it found that the enhanced electrorheological response with stable flow depended on the matching degree of the dielectric polarization rates between poly(ionic liquid) matrix and polyaniline filler. The closer their polarization rates are, the more stable the flow curves are. These results are helpful to design optimal composite-based electrorheological materials with enhanced and stable ER performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jianbo Yin
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-029-88431662
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34
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Ferrari VC, Alvim RS, de Queiroz TB, Dalpian GM, Souza FL. Controlling the Activation Energy for Single-Ion Diffusion through a Hybrid Polyelectrolyte Matrix by Manipulating the Central Coordinate Semimetal Atom. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:7684-7689. [PMID: 31763844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The diffusion of lithium ions decoupled from a solid polymer electrolyte matrix is the key for high-energy electrochemical devices with the safety needed for commercial use. This Letter reports how the ion mobility in a single-phase hybrid polyelectrolyte (SPHP) matrix can be tuned by changing an inorganic coordinating atom from silicon (Si) to germanium (Ge). Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) results show that the lithium ion activation barrier in the polyelectrolyte with Si can be modulated from 0.26 eV to the unprecedented value of 0.12 eV in the polyelectrolyte with Ge. Density functional theory is used to show that the electronic structures of both polymers are very different, although their chemical structures are very similar, except for the coordinating atom. This simple chemical substitution route will certainly increase the interest in these polymers for applications in electrochemical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria C Ferrari
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
- Universidade Federal do ABC , Avenida dos Estados 5001 , Santo Andre , São Paulo 09210-580 , Brazil
| | - Raphael S Alvim
- Universidade Federal do ABC , Avenida dos Estados 5001 , Santo Andre , São Paulo 09210-580 , Brazil
| | - Thiago B de Queiroz
- Universidade Federal do ABC , Avenida dos Estados 5001 , Santo Andre , São Paulo 09210-580 , Brazil
| | - Gustavo M Dalpian
- Universidade Federal do ABC , Avenida dos Estados 5001 , Santo Andre , São Paulo 09210-580 , Brazil
| | - Flavio L Souza
- Universidade Federal do ABC , Avenida dos Estados 5001 , Santo Andre , São Paulo 09210-580 , Brazil
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano) , Campinas , São Paulo 13083-970 , Brazil
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35
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Wang Z, Zhao J, Zheng C, Liu Y, Zhao X, Yin J. Enhanced interfacial polarization and electro-responsive characteristic of di-ionic poly(ionic liquid)s. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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36
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Liu Y, Zhao J, He F, Zheng C, Lei Q, Zhao X, Yin J. Ion transport, polarization and electro-responsive elelctrorheological effect of self-crosslinked poly(ionic liquid)s with different counterions. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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37
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Wieland F, Bocharova V, Münzner P, Hiller W, Sakrowski R, Sternemann C, Böhmer R, Sokolov AP, Gainaru C. Structure and dynamics of short-chain polymerized ionic liquids. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:034903. [PMID: 31325936 DOI: 10.1063/1.5109228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Combining experimental results obtained with X-ray scattering and field-gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and an assessment of new and previous dielectric and rheology data, our study focuses on the molecular weight (Mw) evolution of local structure and dynamics in a homologous series of covalently bonded ionic liquids. Performed on a family of electrolytes with a tailored degree of ionic decoupling, this study reveals the differences between monomeric and oligomeric melts with respect to their structural organization, mass and charge transport, and molecular diffusion. Our study demonstrates that for the monomeric compound, the broadband conductivity and mechanical spectra reflect the same underlying distribution of activation barriers and that the Random Barrier Model describes fairly well both the ionic and structural relaxation processes in these materials. Moreover, the oligomers with chains comprising ten segments only exhibit both structural and dynamical fingerprints of a genuine polymer. A comparison of conductivity levels estimated using the self-diffusion coefficients probed via NMR and those probed directly with dielectric spectroscopy reveals the emerging of ion correlations which are affecting the macroscopic charge transport in these materials in a chain-length dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wieland
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - V Bocharova
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - P Münzner
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - W Hiller
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - R Sakrowski
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - C Sternemann
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - R Böhmer
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - A P Sokolov
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - C Gainaru
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
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