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Hidalgo-Lozada GM, Villarruel-López A, Nuño K, García-García A, Sánchez-Nuño YA, Ramos-García CO. Clinically Effective Molecules of Natural Origin for Obesity Prevention or Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2671. [PMID: 38473918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence and incidence of obesity and the comorbidities linked to it are increasing worldwide. Current therapies for obesity and associated pathologies have proven to cause a broad number of adverse effects, and often, they are overpriced or not affordable for all patients. Among the alternatives currently available, natural bioactive compounds stand out. These are frequently contained in pharmaceutical presentations, nutraceutical products, supplements, or functional foods. The clinical evidence for these molecules is increasingly solid, among which epigallocatechin-3-gallate, ellagic acid, resveratrol, berberine, anthocyanins, probiotics, carotenoids, curcumin, silymarin, hydroxy citric acid, and α-lipoic acid stand out. The molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways of these molecules have been shown to interact with the endocrine, nervous, and gastroenteric systems. They can regulate the expression of multiple genes and proteins involved in starvation-satiety processes, activate the brown adipose tissue, decrease lipogenesis and inflammation, increase lipolysis, and improve insulin sensitivity. This review provides a comprehensive view of nature-based therapeutic options to address the increasing prevalence of obesity. It offers a valuable perspective for future research and subsequent clinical practice, addressing everything from the molecular, genetic, and physiological bases to the clinical study of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelica Villarruel-López
- Department of Pharmacobiology, University Center for Exact and Engineering Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico
| | - Karla Nuño
- Department of Psychology, Education and Health, ITESO Jesuit University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 45604, Mexico
| | - Abel García-García
- Institute of Science and Technology for Health Innovation, Guadalajara 44770, Mexico
- Department of Medical Clinic, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Yaír Adonaí Sánchez-Nuño
- Department of Pharmacobiology, University Center for Exact and Engineering Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico
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A Nieto O, Cardona EC, Ramírez D, González MM, Castaño-Osorio JC. [Obesity and inflammation in students of a Colombian public university]. Rev Salud Publica (Bogota) 2023; 22:582-588. [PMID: 36753075 DOI: 10.15446/rsap.v22n6.71196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the relationship between obesity and proinflammatory variables in the student population of the University of Quindío. METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive study in which 155 students participated. Firstly, the glycemia was made by conventional methods, the insulinemia and the cytokines were measured by ELISA; IMC and HOMA-IR index were calculated. Then, the information was analyzed in the Statgraphics software to establish relationships between the variables were established through multiple regression and thus statistically significant difference was considered when the p value was ≤0.05. RESULTS The prevalence of obesity by BMI was of 4.6%, of overweight 20.5% and of abdominal obesity by waist circumference was of 18.5%. The average insulinemia was 8.5 pUI/ml ±6.4 and the HOMA-IR index was 1.75. 18.5% had insulin resistance. Interferon gamma was found at 4.6±12.0 pg/mL, IL-6 at 5.1±15.5 pg/mL and TNF alpha at 3.2±11.1 pg/mL. The greatest variation explained (R2) is presented by insulinemia, the waist/hip index and the Homa-IR index. IL-6 was the cytokine that presented the greatest variation explained. CONCLUSIONS There is a relationship between inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 with the waist/hip index, diastolic pressure, insulinemia and the Homa-IR index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Nieto
- ON: MD. M.Sc. Salud Pública. Ph.D. Ciencias Biomédicas. Grupo de Salud Pública, Programa de Medicina. Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Quindío. Armenia, Colombia.
| | - Eliana C Cardona
- EC: MD. Grupo de Salud Pública, Programa de Medicina. Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Quindío. Armenia, Colombia.
| | - Daniela Ramírez
- DR: MD. Grupo de Salud Pública, Programa de Medicina. Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Quindío. Armenia, Colombia.
| | - María M González
- MG: Enf. M.Sc. Ciencias Biomédicas. Grupo Gymol, Programa de Medicina. Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Quindío. Armenia, Colombia.
| | - Jhon C Castaño-Osorio
- JC: MD. Ph.D. Ciencias Básicas Médicas. Grupo Gymol, Programa de Medicina. Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Quindío. Armenia, Colombia.
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Al-Obaidi ZAF, Erdogan CS, Sümer E, Özgün HB, Gemici B, Sandal S, Yilmaz B. Investigation of obesogenic effects of hexachlorobenzene, DDT and DDE in male rats. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 327:114098. [PMID: 35878704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has become a very important public health problem and is increasing globally. Genetics, individual and environmental factors play roles in the etiology of this complex disorder. Recently, several environmental pollutants have been suggested to have obesogenic activities. Peroxisome proliferator activating receptor gamma (PPARγ), uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) and their expression in white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) play key roles in adipogenesis. UCP3 and irisin were reported to play roles in non-shivering thermogenesis. Our primary aim was to investigate obesogenic effects of hexachlorobenzene (HCB), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) in rats. In addition, thermoregulatory effects of HCB, DDT and DDE were also investigated by analyzing the levels of Ucp3 and irisin. Thirty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups as control, HCB, DDT and DDE. Animals were administered with organochlorine pesticides (OCPs; 5 mg/kg bw) by oral gavage every other day for five weeks. At the end of the experimental period, the animals were sacrificed, BAT and WAT samples were collected to analyze Pparγ, Ucp1 and Ucp3 levels. Moreover, skeletal muscle samples were collected to examine Ucp3 and irisin levels. Serum glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels were also determined. Body weight and core temperature of the animals were not significantly affected by any of the OCP administration. Serum glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels were similar among the experimental groups. Pparγ expression was significantly elevated by HCB administration only in WAT (p < 0.05). On the other hand, both Pparγ and Ucp1 expressions were diminished in WAT and BAT (p < 0.01) by DDT treatment, while in WAT, DDE significantly decreased Pparγ expression without altering its expression in BAT (p < 0.001). Ucp3 and irisin levels in skeletal muscle were not altered. Our findings show that both DDT and DDE reduce the browning of WAT by suppressing white adipocytes and thus may have obesogenic activity in male rats without altering thermoregulation. In addition, HCB, DDT and DDE-induced alterations in expression of Pparγ and Ucp1 in WAT implicates differential regulation of adipogenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Engin Sümer
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Experimental Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Bugra Özgün
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Gemici
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Sandal
- İnönü University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Bayram Yilmaz
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Sevillano-Jiménez A, Molina-Recio G, García-Mellado JA, García-Rodríguez M, Molina-Luque R, Romero-Saldaña M. Efficacy of nutrition education for the increase of symbiotic intake on nutritional and metabolic status in schizophrenic spectrum disorders: A two-arm protocol. Front Nutr 2022; 9:912783. [PMID: 36034912 PMCID: PMC9399917 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.912783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives The microbiota plays a vital role in the two-way communication between the gastrointestinal tract and numerous neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia. Besides, the microbiota modulation through the use of psychobiotics (prebiotics and probiotics with nutraceutical action) is related to the improvement of the physical and psychopathological health. The objective to this study was to test the efficacy of prebiotic/probiotic dietary modulation in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, attending to the nutritional and cardio-metabolic impact. Methods Two-arms, double-blind, randomized in balanced blocks clinical trial of 6 months of intervention, will be developed in a group of 50 individuals. The control group will receive conventional dietary advice individually from specialized mental health nurses. In the intervention group, an individual dietetic-nutritional education program with high prebiotic and probiotic content (dairy and fermented foods, green leafy vegetables, high-fiber fruit, whole grains, etc.) will be developed by these nurses. Data will be collected on the psychopathological state, and blood test (at the beginning, at 3 and 6 months). The estimation of intestinal microbiota and the usual nutritional pattern will also be assessed at the beginning and 6 months, using a stool test. To evaluate the degree of adherence, the intervention group will fill a specific weekly record of the main dishes/food consumed. Anthropometric parameters will also be analyzed monthly. Discussion The study is anticipated to establish feasibility an adequate dietary modulation with a high simbiotic content, leads to a significant improvement in the nutritional status and cardio-metabolic. Furthermore, it is presumed to reach a degree of evidence that allows establishing nutritional management as an effective therapeutic intervention in the psychopathological treatment of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Clinical Trial Registration [www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT04366401].
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Sevillano-Jiménez
- Córdoba-South Community Mental Health Unit, UCM Mental Health, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Guillermo Molina-Recio
- Department of Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Lifestyles, Innovation and Health (GA-16), Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - María García-Rodríguez
- Lifestyles, Innovation and Health (GA-16), Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Nursing and Nutrition, Biomedicine sciences and Health Faculty, European University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Molina-Luque
- Department of Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Lifestyles, Innovation and Health (GA-16), Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Romero-Saldaña
- Department of Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Lifestyles, Innovation and Health (GA-16), Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
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Chen TC, Ho YY, Tang RC, Ke YC, Lin JN, Yang IH, Lin FH. Thiolated Chitosan as an Intestinal Absorption Carrier with Hesperidin Encapsulation for Obesity Treatment. Nutrients 2021; 13:4405. [PMID: 34959957 PMCID: PMC8706427 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation harmful to one's health, linked to hormonal imbalances, cardiovascular illness, and coronary artery disease. Since the disease stems mainly from overconsumption, studies have aimed to control intestinal absorption as a route for treatment. In this study, chitosan-thioglycolic acid (CT) was developed as a physical barrier in the gastrointestinal tracts to inhibit nutrient uptake. CT exhibits a superior mucoadhesive property compared to chitosan both in vitro and in vivo for the ability to form disulfide bonds with the intestinal mucosa. For CT as a potential drug delivery platform, hesperidin, a herb for bodyweight control in traditional Chinese medication, is encapsulated in CT and can be released consistently from this absorption barrier. In animal studies, CT encapsulated with hesperidin (CTH) not only results in a weight-controlling effect but limits adipose accumulation by hindering absorption, suggesting a potential role in obesity treatment. Neither CT nor CTH exhibit cytotoxicity or produce adverse immunological reactions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Chien Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 49, Fanglan Rd., Taipei 10672, Taiwan; (T.-C.C.); (Y.-Y.H.); (Y.-C.K.); (J.-N.L.); (I.-H.Y.)
| | - Yu-Yu Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 49, Fanglan Rd., Taipei 10672, Taiwan; (T.-C.C.); (Y.-Y.H.); (Y.-C.K.); (J.-N.L.); (I.-H.Y.)
| | - Rui-Chian Tang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Yong-Chen Ke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 49, Fanglan Rd., Taipei 10672, Taiwan; (T.-C.C.); (Y.-Y.H.); (Y.-C.K.); (J.-N.L.); (I.-H.Y.)
| | - Jhih-Ni Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 49, Fanglan Rd., Taipei 10672, Taiwan; (T.-C.C.); (Y.-Y.H.); (Y.-C.K.); (J.-N.L.); (I.-H.Y.)
| | - I-Hsuan Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 49, Fanglan Rd., Taipei 10672, Taiwan; (T.-C.C.); (Y.-Y.H.); (Y.-C.K.); (J.-N.L.); (I.-H.Y.)
| | - Feng-Huei Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 49, Fanglan Rd., Taipei 10672, Taiwan; (T.-C.C.); (Y.-Y.H.); (Y.-C.K.); (J.-N.L.); (I.-H.Y.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Rd., Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
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Oh KK, Adnan M, Cho DH. Elucidating Drug-Like Compounds and Potential Mechanisms of Corn Silk ( Stigma Maydis) against Obesity: A Network Pharmacology Study. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:1906-1936. [PMID: 34889899 PMCID: PMC8929052 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43030133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Corn silk (Stigma Maydis) has been utilized as an important herb against obesity by Chinese, Korean, and Native Americans, but its phytochemicals and mechanisms(s) against obesity have not been deciphered completely. This study aimed to identify promising bioactive constituents and mechanism of action(s) of corn silk (CS) against obesity via network pharmacology. The compounds from CS were identified using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and were confirmed ultimately by Lipinski’s rule via SwissADME. The relationships of the compound-targets or obesity-related targets were confirmed by public bioinformatics. The signaling pathways related to obesity, protein-protein interaction (PPI), and signaling pathways-targets-bioactives (STB) were constructed, visualized, and analyzed by RPackage. Lastly, Molecular Docking Test (MDT) was performed to validate affinity between ligand(s) and protein(s) on key signaling pathway(s). We identified a total of 36 compounds from CS via GC-MS, all accepted by Lipinski’s rule. The number of 36 compounds linked to 154 targets, 85 among 154 targets related directly to obesity-targets (3028 targets). Of the final 85 targets, we showed that the PPI network (79 edges, 357 edges), 12 signaling pathways on a bubble chart, and STB network (67 edges, 239 edges) are considered as therapeutic components. The MDT confirmed that two key activators (β-Amyrone, β-Stigmasterol) bound most stably to PPARA, PPARD, PPARG, FABP3, FABP4, and NR1H3 on the PPAR signaling pathway, also, three key inhibitors (Neotocopherol, Xanthosine, and β-Amyrone) bound most tightly to AKT1, IL6, FGF2, and PHLPP1 on the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Overall, we provided promising key signaling pathways, targets, and bioactives of CS against obesity, suggesting crucial pharmacological evidence for further clinical testing.
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Akokuwebe ME, Idemudia ES. Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Correlates of Body Weight Categories Among South African Women of Reproductive Age: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Public Health 2021; 9:715956. [PMID: 34760860 PMCID: PMC8572979 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.715956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The shift in disease patterns has been connected with increased body weight burden, becoming a major public health concern in South Africa, as previous studies have assessed overweight or obesity among certain populations. However, little is known about bodyweight burden (underweight, overweight, and obesity) among women aged 15-49 years. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the prevalence and its associated socio-demographic correlates of bodyweight categories among women of reproductive age in South Africa. Methods: The present study used the South Africa Demographic Health Survey (2016 SADHS) data for 2016. A total of 3,263 women of reproductive age were included in the analysis. Both bivariable and multivariable logistics regressions were performed to determine the prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of bodyweight categories among women in South Africa. Thus, this study used the criteria of the WHO standard body mass index (BMI) cut-offs to classify bodyweight categories. The odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were estimated for potential determinants included in the final model. Results: The overall prevalence of body weight burden was 66.5%, with 4.9% underweight, 27.1% overweight, and 34.5% obese (p < 0.05). The identified factors associated with underweight among women of reproductive age were those from "other" population group [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.65: 95% CI 1.40-5.00], rural residence (AOR 1.23: 95% CI 0.75-2.02), and Northern Cape Province (AOR 1.58: 95% CI 0.65-3.87). For overweight/obese, the main factors were those aged 45-49 years (AOR 10.73: 95% CI 7.41-15.52), tertiary education (AOR 1.41: 95% CI 0.97-2.03), and residing in Eastern Cape (AOR 1.27: 95% CI 0.82-1.99) and KwaZulu-Natal Provinces (AOR 1.20: 95% CI 0.78-1.84). Conclusion: The findings presented in this study indicate the concurrence of underweight and overweight/obese among women aged 15-49 years in South Africa. Despite underweight prevalence being on the decline, yet overweight/obese is increasing over time. The health implication of body weight burden needs rapid and effective interventions, focusing on factors such as rural, education, population group, older age 45-49 years, and Provinces (Northern Cape, Eastern Cape, and KwaZulu-Natal) - the high-risk groups identified herein are of most importance to curb the growing burden among South African women of reproductive age.
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Associations of ADIPOQ and LEP Gene Variants with Energy Intake: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040750. [PMID: 30935050 PMCID: PMC6520881 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review aims to evaluate the association of adiponectin (ADIPOQ) and leptin (LEP) gene variants with energy intake. Cross-sectional, cohort, and case–control studies that reported an association of leptin and/or adiponectin gene variants with energy intake were included in this review. Human studies without any age restrictions were considered eligible. Detailed individual search strategies were developed for each of the following bibliographic databases: Cochrane, Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information (LILACS), PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science. Risk of bias assessment was adapted from the Downs and Black scale and was used to evaluate the methodology of the included studies. Seven studies with a pooled population of 2343 subjects were included. The LEP and ADIPOQ gene variants studied were LEP-rs2167270 (k = 1), LEP-rs7799039 (k = 5), ADIPOQ-rs2241766 (k = 2), ADIPOQ-rs17300539 (k = 1), and ADIPOQ marker D3S1262 (k = 1). Two of the seven studies reviewed demonstrated a positive association between the LEP-rs7799039 polymorphism and energy intake. Two other studies—one involving a marker of the ADIPOQ gene and one examining the ADIPOQ-rs17300539 polymorphism—also reported associations with energy intake. More research is needed to further elucidate the contributions of genetic variants to energy metabolism.
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Casagrande BP, Gomes MFP, Moura EOC, Santos ACC, Kubota MC, Ribeiro DA, Pisani LP, Medeiros A, Estadella D. Age-dependent hepatic alterations induced by a high-fat high-fructose diet. Inflamm Res 2019; 68:359-368. [PMID: 30874869 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01223-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to evaluate and clarify how the age at which the intake of a high-fat and high-fructose diet begins can affect animals' livers. METHODS Thirty-eight male wistar rats aged 6 and 12 weeks were fed a high-fat and high-fructose diet for 13 weeks. Inflammatory cytokines, hepatic glycogen, serum and hepatic triacylglycerol and pAkt protein content in the liver were assessed. Percentage of weight gained, and visceral adiposity were also evaluated. RESULTS Young animal presented increased hepatic triacylglycerol and decreased glycogen, while adult animals had no significant alterations regarding its contents. IL6 and IL10 to IL6 ratio were also altered in young animals exposed to HFHF, while adult animals fed with HFHF had only increases in TNF-α. Both groups which received HFHF had increased serum triacylglycerol and visceral adiposity. However, only young animals gained more relative weight and had greater final body weight, gains which were related to alterations found in hepatic triacylglycerol and glycogen. CONCLUSION Age of which consumption begins interferes in how the liver deals with an excess of nutrient and subsequent proinflammatory stimulation, leading to different phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Casagrande
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - M F P Gomes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - E O C Moura
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - A C C Santos
- Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - M C Kubota
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - D A Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biociências, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - L P Pisani
- Departamento de Biociências, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - A Medeiros
- Departamento de Biociências, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - D Estadella
- Departamento de Biociências, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil.
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10
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Mendoza Romo MÁ, Padrón Salas A, Cossío Torres PE, Soria Orozco M. [Global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its relationship with the Human Development IndexPrevalência mundial da diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e sua relação com o índice de desenvolvimento humano]. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2017; 41:e103. [PMID: 31384252 PMCID: PMC6645285 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2017.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and the Human Development Index (HDI), by region of the world in the period 2010-2015. METHOD International Diabetes Federation data were used for DM2 prevalence (2010-2015), together with HDI data (United Nations Development Program). Spearman linear correlations between HDI data and DM2 prevalence were analyzed, and linear regressions were done to estimate the relationship between the two. RESULTS It was observed that lower HDI scores corresponded to lower DM2 prevalence rates, and higher HDI scores to higher DM2 prevalence. At the global level, the HDI explains the 8.6% variance of DM2 prevalence (P < 0.0001) and shows that the situation was different in each region of the world. CONCLUSIONS While HDI score may be associated with DM2 prevalence, the relationship between them differs from region to region and from country to country, and depends on the particular year analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Mendoza Romo
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialSan Luis PotosíMéxicoInstituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, San Luis Potosí, México.
| | - Aldanely Padrón Salas
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de MedicinaDepartamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis PotosíSan Luis PotosíMéxicoDepartamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México.
| | - Patricia Elizabeth Cossío Torres
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de MedicinaDepartamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis PotosíSan Luis PotosíMéxicoDepartamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México.
| | - Manuel Soria Orozco
- Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, MéxicoSan Luis PotosíMéxicoFacultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México.
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Ross SE, Flynn JI, Pate RR. What is really causing the obesity epidemic? A review of reviews in children and adults. J Sports Sci 2015; 34:1148-53. [PMID: 26400631 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2015.1093650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Obesity prevention is a public health priority and intervention strategies have focused primarily on healthy eating and physical activity in children and adults. To date, no review has systematically compiled and synthesised the scientific evidence from published review articles to determine whether there is clear consensus on the causes of obesity. A systematic review of the literature was conducted searching PubMed/Medline for narrative and systematic review articles published between January 1990 and October 2014 that examined the causes of obesity. In total, 12 of 65 articles met the inclusion criteria; 7 reviews focused on adults (1 systematic, 6 narrative) and 5 reviews on children (2 systematic, 3 narrative). The most popular cause of obesity identified in reviews of adult studies was "combined physical activity and diet" (3 of 7 studies), whereas the most popular cause specified in reviews of child studies was deemed "inconclusive" (2 of 5 studies). While a number of reviews have examined the causes of obesity, the methodology and conclusions varied widely, and few were conducted systematically. Currently, no consensus exists across published literature reviews regarding the primary cause of the obesity epidemic, and more research, particularly prospective studies using state-of-the-art measures, is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E Ross
- a Department of Health and Physical Activity , The University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - Jennifer I Flynn
- b Department of Exercise Science , The University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA
| | - Russell R Pate
- b Department of Exercise Science , The University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA
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Chiquete E, Ruiz-Sandoval JL, Ochoa-Guzmán A, Sánchez-Orozco LV, Lara-Zaragoza EB, Basaldúa N, Ruiz-Madrigal B, Martínez-López E, Román S, Godínez-Gutiérrez SA, Panduro A. The Quételet index revisited in children and adults. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 61:87-92. [PMID: 24388416 DOI: 10.1016/j.endonu.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The body mass index (BMI) is based on the original concept that body weight increases as a function of height squared. As an indicator of obesity the modern BMI assumption postulates that adiposity also increases as a function of height in states of positive energy balance. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the BMI concept across different adiposity magnitudes, in both children and adults. METHODS We studied 975 individuals who underwent anthropometric evaluation: 474 children and 501 adults. Tetrapolar bioimpedance analysis was used to assess body fat and lean mass. RESULTS BMI significantly correlated with percentage of body fat (%BF; children: r=0.893; adults: r=0.878) and with total fat mass (children: r=0.967; adults: r=0.953). In children, body weight, fat mass, %BF and waist circumference progressively increased as a function of height squared. In adults body weight increased as a function of height squared, but %BF actually decreased with increasing height both in men (r=-0.406; p<0.001) and women (r=-0.413; p<0.001). Most of the BMI variance in adults was explained by a positive correlation of total lean mass with height squared (r(2)=0.709), and by a negative correlation of BMI with total fat mass (r=-0.193). CONCLUSIONS Body weight increases as a function of height squared. However, adiposity progressively increases as a function of height only in children. BMI is not an ideal indicator of obesity in adults since it is significantly influenced by the lean mass, even in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Chiquete
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde", Mexico.
| | - José L Ruiz-Sandoval
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde", Mexico
| | - Ana Ochoa-Guzmán
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde", Mexico
| | - Laura V Sánchez-Orozco
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico
| | | | | | - Bertha Ruiz-Madrigal
- Department of Chronic Degenerative Diseases, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Erika Martínez-López
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico; Department of Molecular Biology, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde", Mexico
| | - Sonia Román
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico; Department of Molecular Biology, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde", Mexico
| | - Sergio A Godínez-Gutiérrez
- Division of Internal Medicine, Chairman; and Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde", Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Arturo Panduro
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico; Department of Molecular Biology, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde", Mexico
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