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Zhang B, Xu Y, Yan X, Pu T, Wang S, Yang X, Yang H, Zhang G, Zhang W, Chen T, Liu G. The diversity and risk of potential pathogenic bacteria on the surface of glaciers in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:173937. [PMID: 38880135 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Glaciers, which constitute the world's largest global freshwater reservoir, are also natural microbial repositories. The frequent pandemic in recent years underscored the potential biosafety risks associated with the release of microorganisms from the accelerated melting of glaciers due to global warming. However, the characteristics of pathogenic microorganisms in glaciers are not well understood. The glacier surface is the primary area where glacier melting occurs that is often the main subject of research on the dynamics of pathogenic microbial communities in efforts to assess glacier biosafety risks and devise preventive measures. In this study, high-throughput sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction methods were employed in analyses of the composition and quantities of potential pathogenic bacteria on the surfaces of glaciers in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. The study identified 441 potential pathogenic species ranging from 215 to 4.39 × 1011 copies/g, with notable seasonal and environmental variations being found in the composition and quantity of potential pathogens. The highest level of diversity was observed in April and snow, while the highest quantities were observed in October and cryoconite. Host analysis revealed that >70 % of the species were pathogens affecting animals, with the highest proportion of zoonotic pathogens being observed in April. Analysis of aerosols and glacial meltwater dispersion suggested that these microbes originated from West Asia, primarily affecting the central and southern regions of China. Null model analysis indicated that the assembly of potential pathogenic microbial communities on glacier surfaces was largely governed by deterministic processes. In conclusion, potential pathogenic bacteria on glacier surfaces mainly originated from the snow and exhibited significant temporal and spatial variation patterns. These findings can be used to enhance researchers' ability to predict potential biosafety risks associated with pathogenic bacteria in glaciers and to prevent their negative impact on populations and ecological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binglin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Yulong Snow Station of Cryosphere and Sustainable Development, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Gansu Province 730000, China
| | - Yeteng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Yulong Snow Station of Cryosphere and Sustainable Development, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Gansu Province 730000, China
| | - Xiao Yan
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Tao Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Yulong Snow Station of Cryosphere and Sustainable Development, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shijin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Yulong Snow Station of Cryosphere and Sustainable Development, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xinglou Yang
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Hang Yang
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Gaosen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Gansu Province 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Gansu Province 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tuo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Yulong Snow Station of Cryosphere and Sustainable Development, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Guangxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Gansu Province 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Ji H, Li K, Shang M, Wang Z, Liu Q. The 2016 Severe Floods and Incidence of Hemorrhagic Fever With Renal Syndrome in the Yangtze River Basin. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2429682. [PMID: 39172449 PMCID: PMC11342140 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.29682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), a neglected zoonotic disease, has received only short-term attention in postflood prevention and control initiatives, possibly because of a lack of evidence regarding the long-term association of flooding with HFRS. Objectives To quantify the association between severe floods and long-term incidence of HFRS in the Yangtze River basin and to examine the modifying role of geographical factors in this association. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study collected data on HFRS cases between July 1, 2013, and June 30, 2019, from 58 cities in 4 provinces (Anhui, Hubei, Hunan, and Jiangxi) in the Yangtze River basin of China, with a breakpoint of flooding in July 2016, generating monthly data. The 3 years after July 2016 were defined as the postflood period, while the 3 years before the breakpoint were defined as the control period. Statistical analysis was performed from October to December 2023. Exposures City-level monthly flooding, elevation, ruggedness index, and closest distance from each city to the Yangtze River and its tributaries. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were the number of city-level monthly HFRS cases and the number of type 1 (spring or summer) and type 2 (autumn or winter) HFRS cases. Results A total of 11 745 patients with HFRS were reported during the study period: 5216 patients (mean [SD] age, 47.1 [16.2] years; 3737 men [71.6%]) in the control period and 6529 patients (mean [SD] age, 49.8 [15.8] years; 4672 men [71.6%]) in the postflood period. The pooled effects of interrupted time series analysis indicated a long-term association between flooding and HFRS incidence (odds ratio, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.13-1.68), with type 1 cases being at highest risk (odds ratio, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.40-2.09). The metaregression results indicated that elevation and ruggedness index were negatively associated with the risk of HFRS, while the distance to rivers interacted with these associations. Conclusions and Relevance This cross-sectional study of the long-term association between flooding and HFRS incidence, as well as the modification effects of geographical factors, suggests that severe floods were associated with an increased risk of HFRS within 3 years. This study provides evidence for the development of HFRS prevention and control strategies after floods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqiang Ji
- Department of Vector Control, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong Province, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Vector Surveillance and Management, Changping District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong Province, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong University Climate Change and Health Center, Shandong Province, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Li
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Vector Surveillance and Management, Changping District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Shang
- Department of Vector Control, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong Province, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Vector Surveillance and Management, Changping District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong Province, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong University Climate Change and Health Center, Shandong Province, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenxu Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Vector Surveillance and Management, Changping District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiyong Liu
- Department of Vector Control, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong Province, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Vector Surveillance and Management, Changping District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong Province, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong University Climate Change and Health Center, Shandong Province, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
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Wang Y, Liang Z, Qing S, Xi Y, Xu C, Lin F. Asymmetric impact of climatic parameters on hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Shandong using a nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9739. [PMID: 38679612 PMCID: PMC11056385 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) poses a major threat in Shandong. This study aimed to investigate the long- and short-term asymmetric effects of meteorological factors on HFRS and establish an early forecasting system using autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and nonlinear ARDL (NARDL) models. Between 2004 and 2019, HFRS exhibited a declining trend (average annual percentage change = - 9.568%, 95% CI - 16.165 to - 2.451%) with a bimodal seasonality. A long-term asymmetric influence of aggregate precipitation (AP) (Wald long-run asymmetry [WLR] = - 2.697, P = 0.008) and aggregate sunshine hours (ASH) (WLR = 2.561, P = 0.011) on HFRS was observed. Additionally, a short-term asymmetric impact of AP (Wald short-run symmetry [WSR] = - 2.419, P = 0.017), ASH (WSR = 2.075, P = 0.04), mean wind velocity (MWV) (WSR = - 4.594, P < 0.001), and mean relative humidity (MRH) (WSR = - 2.515, P = 0.013) on HFRS was identified. Also, HFRS demonstrated notable variations in response to positive and negative changes in ∆MRH(-), ∆AP(+), ∆MWV(+), and ∆ASH(-) at 0-2 month delays over the short term. In terms of forecasting, the NARDL model demonstrated lower error rates compared to ARDL. Meteorological parameters have substantial long- and short-term asymmetric and/or symmetric impacts on HFRS. Merging NARDL model with meteorological factors can enhance early warning systems and support proactive measures to mitigate the disease's impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, No. 601 Jinsui Road, Hongqi District, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ziyue Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, No. 601 Jinsui Road, Hongqi District, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Qing
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, No. 601 Jinsui Road, Hongqi District, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Xi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, No. 601 Jinsui Road, Hongqi District, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunjie Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents/Laboratory of Pharmacology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Fei Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, No. 601 Jinsui Road, Hongqi District, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, People's Republic of China.
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Wang J, Tan Y, Zhan L, Yang H, Li X, Gao F, Qiu S. Sustainable development of environmental protection talents training: Research on the behavior decision of government, university and enterprise under the background of evolutionary game. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298548. [PMID: 38394217 PMCID: PMC10890725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental protection talents training (EPTT) is recognized as a key prerequisite for maintaining environmental sustainability, and in order to study the influence of each player on EPTT. This paper innovatively constructs a tripartite evolutionary game model of government, university and enterprise. The equilibrium points and evolutionary stabilization strategies of each participant are solved by replicating the dynamic equations, and the behaviors of each subject in EPTT are analyzed so as to clarify the behavioral characteristics and optimal strategies of the government's participation in EPTT. The results show that enterprises occupy a more important position in influencing government decisions. The government should reduce the financial incentives for enterprises and replace them with greater policy support. Meanwhile, the government should actively promote the cultivation mechanism that integrates universities and enterprises. The results of the study can provide a decision-making basis for the government to promote the sustainable development of EPTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Wang
- College of Resources and Safety, Chongqing Vocational Institute of Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunfeng Tan
- College of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingling Zhan
- General college, Chongqing Vocational Institute of Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongjun Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Xieling Li
- College of Resources and Safety, Chongqing Vocational Institute of Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Gao
- College of Resources and Safety, Chongqing Vocational Institute of Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Siyuan Qiu
- College of Resources and Safety, Chongqing Vocational Institute of Engineering, Chongqing, China
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Wang Y, Xu N, Chen B, Zhang Z, Lei C, Zhang Q, Gu Y, Wang T, Wang M, Penuelas J, Qian H. Metagenomic analysis of antibiotic-resistance genes and viruses released from glaciers into downstream habitats. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168310. [PMID: 37944612 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Glaciers serve as effective reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and viruses for millions of years. Climate change and anthropogenic activity have accelerated the melting of glaciers, but the patterns of release of ARGs and viruses from melting glaciers into downstream habitats remain unknown. We analyzed 171 metagenomic samples from glaciers and their downstream habitats and found that the abundance and diversity of ARGs were higher in glaciers (polar and plateau glaciers) than downstream habitats (Arctic Ocean, Qinghai Lake, and Yangtze River Basin), with the diversity of viruses having the opposite pattern. Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the main potential hosts of ARGs and viruses, and the richness of ARGs carried by the hosts was positively correlated with viral abundance, suggesting that the transmission of viruses in the hosts could disseminate ARGs. Source tracking indicated that >18 % of the ARGs and >25 % of the viruses detected in downstream habitats originated from glaciers, demonstrating that glaciers could be one of the potential sources of ARGs and viruses in downstream habitats. Increased solar radiation and emission of carbon dioxide mainly influenced the release of the ARGs and viruses from glaciers into downstream habitats. This study provides a systematic insight demonstrating the release of ARGs and viruses from the melting glaciers, potentially increasing ecological pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Nuohan Xu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Bingfeng Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Zhenyan Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Chaotang Lei
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Yanpeng Gu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Tingzhang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, PR China
| | - Meixia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, PR China
| | - Josep Penuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Haifeng Qian
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China.
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Liang Z, Lan Z, Wang Y, Bai Y, He J, Wang J, Li X. The EEG complexity, information integration and brain network changes in minimally conscious state patients during general anesthesia. J Neural Eng 2023; 20:066030. [PMID: 38055962 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad12dc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective.General anesthesia (GA) can induce reversible loss of consciousness. Nonetheless, the electroencephalography (EEG) characteristics of patients with minimally consciousness state (MCS) during GA are seldom observed.Approach.We recorded EEG data from nine MCS patients during GA. We used the permutation Lempel-Ziv complexity (PLZC), permutation fluctuation complexity (PFC) to quantify the type I and II complexities. Additionally, we used permutation cross mutual information (PCMI) and PCMI-based brain network to investigate functional connectivity and brain networks in sensor and source spaces.Main results.Compared to the preoperative resting state, during the maintenance of surgical anesthesia state, PLZC decreased (p< 0.001), PFC increased (p< 0.001) and PCMI decreased (p< 0.001) in sensor space. The results for these metrics in source space are consistent with sensor space. Additionally, node network indicators nodal clustering coefficient (NCC) (p< 0.001) and nodal efficiency (NE) (p< 0.001) decreased in these two spaces. Global network indicators normalized average path length (Lave/Lr) (p< 0.01) and modularity (Q) (p< 0.05) only decreased in sensor space, while the normalized average clustering coefficient (Cave/Cr) and small-world index (σ) did not change significantly. Moreover, the dominance of hub nodes is reduced in frontal regions in these two spaces. After recovery of consciousness, PFC decreased in the two spaces, while PLZC, PCMI increased. NCC, NE, and frontal region hub node dominance increased only in the sensor space. These indicators did not return to preoperative levels. In contrast, global network indicatorsLave/LrandQwere not significantly different from the preoperative resting state in sensor space.Significance.GA alters the complexity of the EEG, decreases information integration, and is accompanied by a reconfiguration of brain networks in MCS patients. The PLZC, PFC, PCMI and PCMI-based brain network metrics can effectively differentiate the state of consciousness of MCS patients during GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhu Liang
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Neuromodulation of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao 066004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhilei Lan
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Neuromodulation of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao 066004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai 519031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Rehabilitation Medicine Clinical Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghong He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wang
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Neuromodulation of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao 066004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
- Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
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Isibor PO, Onwaeze OO, Kayode-Edwards II, Agbontaen DO, Ifebem-Ezima IAM, Bilewu O, Onuselogu C, Akinniyi AP, Obafemi YD, Oniha MI. Investigating and combatting the key drivers of viral zoonoses in Africa: an analysis of eight epidemics. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 84:e270857. [PMID: 37531478 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.270857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigating the interplay of factors that result in a viral zoonotic outbreak is difficult, though it is increasingly important. As anthropogenic influences shift the delicate balance of ecosystems, new zoonoses emerge in humans. Sub-Saharan Africa is a notable hotspot for zoonotic disease due to abundant competent mammalian reservoir hosts. Furthermore, poverty, corruption, and an overreliance on natural resources play considerable roles in depleting biological resources, exacerbating the population's susceptibility. Unsurprisingly, viral zoonoses have emerged in Africa, including HIV/AIDS, Ebola, Avian influenza, Lassa fever, Zika, and Monkeypox. These diseases are among the principal causes of death in endemic areas. Though typically distinct in their manifestations, viral zoonoses are connected by underlying, definitive factors. This review summarises vital findings on viral zoonoses in Africa using nine notable case studies as a benchmark for future studies. We discuss the importance of ecological recuperation and protection as a central strategy to control zoonotic diseases. Emphasis was made on moderating key drivers of zoonotic diseases to forestall future pandemics. This is in conjunction with attempts to redirect efforts from reactive to pre-emptive through a multidisciplinary "one health" approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- P O Isibor
- Covenant University, Department of Biological Sciences, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - O O Onwaeze
- Covenant University, Department of Biological Sciences, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - I I Kayode-Edwards
- Covenant University, Department of Biological Sciences, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - D O Agbontaen
- University of South Wales, Department of Public Health, Pontypridd, United Kingdom
| | - I-A M Ifebem-Ezima
- Covenant University, Department of Biological Sciences, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - O Bilewu
- Covenant University, Department of Biological Sciences, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - C Onuselogu
- Covenant University, Department of Biological Sciences, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - A P Akinniyi
- Covenant University, Department of Biological Sciences, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Y D Obafemi
- Covenant University, Department of Biological Sciences, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - M I Oniha
- Covenant University, Department of Biological Sciences, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
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Wang X, Wu T, Oliveira LFS, Zhang D. Sheet, Surveillance, Strategy, Salvage and Shield in global biodefense system to protect the public health and tackle the incoming pandemics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 822:153469. [PMID: 35093353 PMCID: PMC8799268 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic of COVID-19 challenges the global health system and raises our concerns on the next waves of other emerging infectious diseases. Considering the lessons from the failure of world's pandemic warning system against COVID-19, many scientists and politicians have mentioned different strategies to improve global biodefense system, among which Sheet, Surveillance, Strategy, Salvage and Shield (5S) are frequently discussed. Nevertheless, the current focus is mainly on the optimization and management of individual strategy, and there are limited attempts to combine the five strategies as an integral global biodefense system. Sheet represents the biosafety datasheet for biohazards in natural environment and human society, which helps our deeper understanding on the geographical pattern, transmission routes and infection mechanism of pathogens. Online surveillance and prognostication network is an environmental Surveillance tool for monitoring the outbreak of pandemic diseases and alarming the risks to take emergency actions, targeting aerosols, waters, soils and animals. Strategy is policies and legislations for social distancing, lockdown and personal protective equipment to block the spread of infectious diseases in communities. Clinical measures are Salvage on patients by innovating appropriate medicines and therapies. The ultimate defensive Shield is vaccine development to protect healthy crowds from infection. Fighting against COVID-19 and other emerging infectious diseases is a long rocky journey, requiring the common endeavors of scientists and politicians from all countries around the world. 5S in global biodefense system bring a ray of light to the current darkest and future road from environmental and geographical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzi Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Tianyun Wu
- Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Tsinghua-Suzhou), Suzhou 215163, PR China
| | - Luis F S Oliveira
- Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Arquitectura, Universidad de Lima, Avenida Javier Prado Este 4600, Santiago de Surco 1503, Peru; Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, Calle 58 #55-66, 080002 Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Dayi Zhang
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China.
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Wiegers C, van de Burgwal LHM, Larsen OFA. Probiotics for the Management of Infectious Diseases: Reviewing the State of the Art. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:877142. [PMID: 35572661 PMCID: PMC9096241 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.877142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to provide insight into the potential of probiotics as a clinical modality targeted at infectious diseases by creating a comprehensive overview of the state of the art of research and development efforts as shown by patents and clinical trials of the past 20 years. Data were retrieved from patent and clinical trial databases to reflect the long- and short-term developments of probiotics research. The data were analyzed to extract information on the total number of patents and trials for each indication, application date and location, and applicant/sponsor type. A total of 80 infectious diseases were investigated, precipitating in 789 patents and 602 clinical trials for 67 indications studied as targets of probiotics. An increasing trend was seen for the number of patents and clinical trials that were applied for since 1999 with the highest number of patents and clinical trials targeted to digestive tract, respiratory, and urogenital indications. Overall, research demonstrated a substantial interest in probiotics targeting infectious diseases, which was in line with reported unmet needs and global probiotics sales estimates. However, the declining rate of translation from patents to clinical trials indicates that there are some barriers obstructing the research process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cato Wiegers
- Athena Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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10
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Environmental Awareness and Air Quality: The Mediating Role of Environmental Protective Behaviors. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14063138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is twofold: First, it tests the role of students’ environmental awareness and climate change awareness in their environmental protective behavior and environment quality (EQ). Second, it tests the mediating role of environmental protective behaviors in the association between environment behavior, climate change behavior, and environment quality. Moreover, this study utilizes climate-friendly behaviors and pro-environmental behaviors to reflect environmental protective behaviors. The stratified random sampling technique was applied to collect data through a questionnaire from a sample of 403 graduate students enrolled in Higher Education Commission-recognized private and public universities of Pakistan. This study applied partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to empirically estimate the results. This study found that climate change awareness significantly and positively affects climate-friendly behavior, environmental quality, and pro-environmental behavior. Similarly, environmental awareness significantly and positively affects environmental quality and pro-environmental behavior. Moreover, pro-environmental behavior significantly affects environmental quality. Indirect results indicate that pro-environmental behavior significantly mediates between climate change awareness and environmental quality, and between environmental awareness and environmental quality. The findings of this study suggest the importance of enhancing awareness of climate- and climate change-related issues among students to save the environment. Higher education institutions should design subjects and courses that will raise environmental and climate change awareness, and expose students to climate- and environment-friendly education.
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11
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Zhang D, Zhang X, Yang Y, Huang X, Jiang J, Li M, Ling H, Li J, Liu Y, Li G, Li W, Yi C, Zhang T, Jiang Y, Xiong Y, He Z, Wang X, Deng S, Zhao P, Qu J. SARS-CoV-2 spillover into hospital outdoor environments. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LETTERS 2021; 2:100027. [PMID: 34977842 PMCID: PMC8132549 DOI: 10.1016/j.hazl.2021.100027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Facing the ongoing coronavirus infectious disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many studies focus on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in indoor environment, on solid surface or in wastewater. It remains unclear whether SARS-CoV-2 can spill over into outdoor environments and impose transmission risks to surrounding people and communities. In this study, we investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 by measuring viral RNA in 118 samples from outdoor environment of three hospitals in Wuhan. We detected SARS-CoV-2 in soils (205-550 copies/g), aerosols (285-1,130 copies/m3) and wastewaters (255-18,744 copies/L) in locations close to hospital departments receiving COVID-19 patients or in wastewater treatment sectors. These findings revealed a significant viral spillover in hospital outdoor environments that was possibly caused by respiratory droplets from patients or aerosolized particles from wastewater containing SARS-CoV-2. In contrast, SARS-CoV-2 was not detected in other areas or on surfaces with regular implemented disinfection. Soils may behave as viral warehouse through deposition and serve as a secondary source spreading SARS-CoV-2 for a prolonged time. For the first time, our findings demonstrate that there are high-risk areas out of expectation in hospital outdoor environments to spread SARS-CoV-2, calling for sealing of wastewater treatment unit and complete sanitation to prevent COVID-19 transmission risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayi Zhang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Xian Zhang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Yunfeng Yang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Xia Huang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Jingkun Jiang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Miao Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Haibo Ling
- Hubei Academy of Environmental Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Guanghe Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Hubei Academy of Environmental Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Chuan Yi
- Hubei Academy of Environmental Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Yongzhong Jiang
- Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Wuhan Center for Control & Prevention, Wuhan, 430015, PR China
| | - Zhenyu He
- Wuhan Center for Control & Prevention, Wuhan, 430015, PR China
| | - Xinzi Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Songqiang Deng
- Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Tsinghua-Suzhou), Suzhou, 215163, PR China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Tsinghua-Suzhou), Suzhou, 215163, PR China
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China
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12
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Zhang D, Zhang X, Yang Y, Huang X, Jiang J, Li M, Ling H, Li J, Liu Y, Li G, Li W, Yi C, Zhang T, Jiang Y, Xiong Y, He Z, Wang X, Deng S, Zhao P, Qu J. SARS-CoV-2 spillover into hospital outdoor environments. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LETTERS 2021; 2:100027. [PMID: 34977842 DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.12.20097105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Facing the ongoing coronavirus infectious disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many studies focus on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in indoor environment, on solid surface or in wastewater. It remains unclear whether SARS-CoV-2 can spill over into outdoor environments and impose transmission risks to surrounding people and communities. In this study, we investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 by measuring viral RNA in 118 samples from outdoor environment of three hospitals in Wuhan. We detected SARS-CoV-2 in soils (205-550 copies/g), aerosols (285-1,130 copies/m3) and wastewaters (255-18,744 copies/L) in locations close to hospital departments receiving COVID-19 patients or in wastewater treatment sectors. These findings revealed a significant viral spillover in hospital outdoor environments that was possibly caused by respiratory droplets from patients or aerosolized particles from wastewater containing SARS-CoV-2. In contrast, SARS-CoV-2 was not detected in other areas or on surfaces with regular implemented disinfection. Soils may behave as viral warehouse through deposition and serve as a secondary source spreading SARS-CoV-2 for a prolonged time. For the first time, our findings demonstrate that there are high-risk areas out of expectation in hospital outdoor environments to spread SARS-CoV-2, calling for sealing of wastewater treatment unit and complete sanitation to prevent COVID-19 transmission risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayi Zhang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Xian Zhang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Yunfeng Yang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Xia Huang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Jingkun Jiang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Miao Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Haibo Ling
- Hubei Academy of Environmental Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Guanghe Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Hubei Academy of Environmental Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Chuan Yi
- Hubei Academy of Environmental Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Yongzhong Jiang
- Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Wuhan Center for Control & Prevention, Wuhan, 430015, PR China
| | - Zhenyu He
- Wuhan Center for Control & Prevention, Wuhan, 430015, PR China
| | - Xinzi Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Songqiang Deng
- Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Tsinghua-Suzhou), Suzhou, 215163, PR China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Tsinghua-Suzhou), Suzhou, 215163, PR China
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China
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13
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Banerjee S, Denning DW, Chakrabarti A. One Health aspects & priority roadmap for fungal diseases : A mini-review. Indian J Med Res 2021; 153:311-319. [PMID: 33906993 PMCID: PMC8204821 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_768_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal diseases have not been taken seriously in public health agendas as well as research priorities, despite of globally causing an estimated two million deaths every year, and the emergence of many troublesome fungal pathogens like Candida auris, azole resistant Aspergillus fumigatus, terbinafine and azole resistant dermatophytes, and zoonotic sporotrichosis in humans. Fungi are also responsible for huge losses of agricultural products and stored crops as well as recent massive and unexpected mortality in animals caused by white-nose syndrome in the bats and Chytridiomycosis in amphibians. This review aims to underscore the need for collaborative, multisectoral, and trans-disciplinary approach to include the One Health approach as an essential component of surveillance, prevention, and control of globally emerging fungal diseases. Rigorous evidence based surveillance of the environment as well as strengthening rapid and quality diagnosis of fungal diseases can save millions of lives and reduce significant morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Banerjee
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beleghata Infectious Diseases & BG Hospitals, Beleghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - David W. Denning
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
- Global Action Fund for Fungal Infections, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arunaloke Chakrabarti
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
- Center of Advanced Research in Medical Mycology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
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