1
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Cleary E, Atuhaire F, Sorcihetta A, Ruktanonchai N, Ruktanonchai C, Cunningham A, Pasqui M, Schiavina M, Melchiorri M, Bondarenko M, Shepherd HER, Padmadas SS, Wesolowski A, Cummings DAT, Tatem AJ, Lai S. Comparing lagged impacts of mobility changes and environmental factors on COVID-19 waves in rural and urban India: a Bayesian spatiotemporal modelling study. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.06.12.24308871. [PMID: 38946988 PMCID: PMC11213100 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.12.24308871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Previous research in India has identified urbanisation, human mobility and population demographics as key variables associated with higher district level COVID-19 incidence. However, the spatiotemporal dynamics of mobility patterns in rural and urban areas in India, in conjunction with other drivers of COVID-19 transmission, have not been fully investigated. We explored travel networks within India during two pandemic waves using aggregated and anonymized weekly human movement datasets obtained from Google, and quantified changes in mobility before and during the pandemic compared with the mean baseline mobility for the 8-week time period at the beginning of 2020. We fit Bayesian spatiotemporal hierarchical models coupled with distributed lag non-linear models (DLNM) within the integrated nested Laplace approximate (INLA) package in R to examine the lag-response associations of drivers of COVID-19 transmission in urban, suburban, and rural districts in India during two pandemic waves in 2020-2021. Model results demonstrate that recovery of mobility to 99% that of pre-pandemic levels was associated with an increase in relative risk of COVID-19 transmission during the Delta wave of transmission. This increased mobility, coupled with reduced stringency in public intervention policy and the emergence of the Delta variant, were the main contributors to the high COVID-19 transmission peak in India in April 2021. During both pandemic waves in India, reduction in human mobility, higher stringency of interventions, and climate factors (temperature and precipitation) had 2-week lag-response impacts on the R t of COVID-19 transmission, with variations in drivers of COVID-19 transmission observed across urban, rural and suburban areas. With the increased likelihood of emergent novel infections and disease outbreaks under a changing global climate, providing a framework for understanding the lagged impact of spatiotemporal drivers of infection transmission will be crucial for informing interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eimear Cleary
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Fatumah Atuhaire
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Alessandro Sorcihetta
- Department of Earth Sciences “Ardito Desio”, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nick Ruktanonchai
- Department of Population Health Sciences, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, USA
| | - Cori Ruktanonchai
- Department of Population Health Sciences, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, USA
| | - Alexander Cunningham
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Massimiliano Pasqui
- Institute for Bioeconomy, National Research Council of Italy (IBE-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Schiavina
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Michele Melchiorri
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Maksym Bondarenko
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Harry E R Shepherd
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Sabu S Padmadas
- Department of Social Statistics & Demography, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Southampton, UK
- Department of Public Health & Mortality Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Amy Wesolowski
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Derek A T Cummings
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biology and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Andrew J Tatem
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Shengjie Lai
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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2
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Wang CR. Epidemic characteristics and changing trend of enterovirus infections in the context of prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic. WORLD CHINESE JOURNAL OF DIGESTOLOGY 2024; 32:254-260. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v32.i4.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
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3
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Wang Z, Wu P, Wang L, Li B, Liu Y, Ge Y, Wang R, Wang L, Tan H, Wu CH, Laine M, Salje H, Song H. Marginal effects of public health measures and COVID-19 disease burden in China: A large-scale modelling study. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011492. [PMID: 37721947 PMCID: PMC10538769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
China had conducted some of the most stringent public health measures to control the spread of successive SARS-CoV-2 variants. However, the effectiveness of these measures and their impacts on the associated disease burden have rarely been quantitatively assessed at the national level. To address this gap, we developed a stochastic age-stratified metapopulation model that incorporates testing, contact tracing and isolation, based on 419 million travel movements among 366 Chinese cities. The study period for this model began from September 2022. The COVID-19 disease burden was evaluated, considering 8 types of underlying health conditions in the Chinese population. We identified the marginal effects between the testing speed and reduction in the epidemic duration. The findings suggest that assuming a vaccine coverage of 89%, the Omicron-like wave could be suppressed by 3-day interval population-level testing (PLT), while it would become endemic with 4-day interval PLT, and without testing, it would result in an epidemic. PLT conducted every 3 days would not only eliminate infections but also keep hospital bed occupancy at less than 29.46% (95% CI, 22.73-38.68%) of capacity for respiratory illness and ICU bed occupancy at less than 58.94% (95% CI, 45.70-76.90%) during an outbreak. Furthermore, the underlying health conditions would lead to an extra 2.35 (95% CI, 1.89-2.92) million hospital admissions and 0.16 (95% CI, 0.13-0.2) million ICU admissions. Our study provides insights into health preparedness to balance the disease burden and sustainability for a country with a population of billions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengmiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Center for Global Change and Public Health, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Center for Global Change and Public Health, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Bingying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Center for Global Change and Public Health, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghong Liu
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxi Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Center for Global Change and Public Health, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruixue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Center for Global Change and Public Health, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ligui Wang
- Center of Disease Control and Prevention, PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Tan
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chieh-Hsi Wu
- Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Marko Laine
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Meteorological Research Unit, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henrik Salje
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hongbin Song
- Center of Disease Control and Prevention, PLA, Beijing, China
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4
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An R, Tong Z, Liu X, Tan B, Xiong Q, Pang H, Liu Y, Xu G. Post COVID-19 pandemic recovery of intracity human mobility in Wuhan: Spatiotemporal characteristic and driving mechanism. TRAVEL BEHAVIOUR & SOCIETY 2023; 31:37-48. [PMID: 36405767 PMCID: PMC9650583 DOI: 10.1016/j.tbs.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
After successfully inhibiting the first wave of COVID-19 transmission through a city lockdown, Wuhan implemented a series of policies to gradually lift restrictions and restore daily activities. Existing studies mainly focus on the intercity recovery under a macroscopic view. How does the intracity mobility return to normal? Is the recovery process consistent among different subareas, and what factor affects the post-pandemic recovery? To answer these questions, we sorted out policies adopted during the Wuhan resumption, and collected the long-time mobility big data in 1105 traffic analysis zones (TAZs) to construct an observation matrix (A). We then used the nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) method to approximate A as the product of two condensed matrices (WH). The column vectors of W matrix were visualized as five typical recovery curves to reveal the temporal change. The row vectors of H matrix were visualized to identify the spatial distribution of each recovery type, and were analyzed with variables of population, GDP, land use, and key facility to explain the recovery driving mechanisms. We found that the "staggered time" policies implemented in Wuhan effectively staggered the peak mobility of several recovery types ("staggered peak"). Besides, different TAZs had heterogeneous response intensities to these policies ("staggered area") which were closely related to land uses and key facilities. The creative policies taken by Wuhan highlight the wisdom of public health crisis management, and could provide an empirical reference for the adjustment of post-pandemic intervention measures in other cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui An
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Zhaomin Tong
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Institute of Disaster Risk Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Bo Tan
- Wuhan Geomatics Institute, 209 Wansongyuan Road, Wuhan 430022, PR China
| | - Qiangqiang Xiong
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Huixin Pang
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Yaolin Liu
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Gang Xu
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China
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5
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Stenseth NC, Schlatte R, Liu X, Pielke R, Li R, Chen B, Bjørnstad ON, Kusnezov D, Gao GF, Fraser C, Whittington JD, Bai Y, Deng K, Gong P, Guan D, Xiao Y, Xu B, Johnsen EB. How to avoid a local epidemic becoming a global pandemic. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2220080120. [PMID: 36848570 PMCID: PMC10013804 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2220080120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we combine international air travel passenger data with a standard epidemiological model of the initial 3 mo of the COVID-19 pandemic (January through March 2020; toward the end of which the entire world locked down). Using the information available during this initial phase of the pandemic, our model accurately describes the main features of the actual global development of the pandemic demonstrated by the high degree of coherence between the model and global data. The validated model allows for an exploration of alternative policy efficacies (reducing air travel and/or introducing different degrees of compulsory immigration quarantine upon arrival to a country) in delaying the global spread of SARS-CoV-2 and thus is suggestive of similar efficacy in anticipating the spread of future global disease outbreaks. We show that a lesson from the recent pandemic is that reducing air travel globally is more effective in reducing the global spread than adopting immigration quarantine. Reducing air travel out of a source country has the most important effect regarding the spreading of the disease to the rest of the world. Based upon our results, we propose a digital twin as a further developed tool to inform future pandemic decision-making to inform measures intended to control the spread of disease agents of potential future pandemics. We discuss the design criteria for such a digital twin model as well as the feasibility of obtaining access to the necessary online data on international air travel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Chr. Stenseth
- Center for Pandemics and One Health Research, Sustainable Health Unit (SUSTAINIT), Faculty of Medicine, Oslo0316, Norway
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo0316, Norway
| | - Rudolf Schlatte
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo0316, Norway
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, 00560Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roger Pielke
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo0316, Norway
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO80309
| | - Ruiyun Li
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo0316, Norway
| | - Bin Chen
- Future Urbanity & Sustainable Environment (FUSE) Lab, Division of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong999077, China
- Department of Geography, Urban Systems Institute, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong999077, China
- HKU Musketeers Foundation Institute of Data Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong999077, China
| | - Ottar N. Bjørnstad
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo0316, Norway
- Department of Biology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802
| | - Dimitri Kusnezov
- Deputy Under Secretary, Artificial Intelligence & Technology Office, US Department of Energy, Washington,DC20585
| | - George F. Gao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing102206, China
| | - Christophe Fraser
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, OxfordOX3 7DQ, UK
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford0X3 7LFUK
| | - Jason D. Whittington
- Center for Pandemics and One Health Research, Sustainable Health Unit (SUSTAINIT), Faculty of Medicine, Oslo0316, Norway
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo0316, Norway
| | - Yuqi Bai
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
- Ministry of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asia Migratory Birds, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Ke Deng
- Center for Statistical Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Peng Gong
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong999077, China
- The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, LondonWC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Dabo Guan
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
- The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, LondonWC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Yixiong Xiao
- Business Intelligence Lab, Baidu Research, Beijing100193, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
- Ministry of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asia Migratory Birds, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
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6
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Liu X, Yang S, Huang X, An R, Xiong Q, Ye T. Quantifying COVID-19 recovery process from a human mobility perspective: An intra-city study in Wuhan. CITIES (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 132:104104. [PMID: 36407935 PMCID: PMC9659556 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2022.104104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought huge challenges to sustainable urban and community development. Although some recovery signals and patterns have been uncovered, the intra-city recovery process remains underexploited. This study proposes a comprehensive approach to quantify COVID-19 recovery leveraging fine-grained human mobility records. Taking Wuhan, a typical COVID-19 affected megacity in China, as the study area, we identify accurate recovery phases and select appropriate recovery functions in a data-driven manner. We observe that recovery characteristics regarding duration, amplitude, and velocity exhibit notable differences among urban blocks. We also notice that the recovery process under a one-wave outbreak lasts at least 84 days and has an S-shaped form best fitted with four-parameter Logistic functions. More than half of the recovery variance can be well explained and estimated by common variables from auxiliary data, including population, economic level, and built environments. Our study serves as a valuable reference that supports data-driven recovery quantification for COVID-19 and other crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology (ESPRE), Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disasters, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Ministry of Emergency Management and Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, China
- Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Saini Yang
- School of National Safety and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Geosciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72762, USA
| | - Rui An
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Qiangqiang Xiong
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Tao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology (ESPRE), Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disasters, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Ministry of Emergency Management and Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, China
- Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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7
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Lai S, Bogoch II, Ruktanonchai NW, Watts A, Lu X, Yang W, Yu H, Khan K, Tatem AJ. Assessing spread risk of COVID-19 within and beyond China in early 2020. DATA SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT 2022. [PMCID: PMC9411104 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsm.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Kaspar K, Nordmeyer L. Personality and Motivation to Comply With COVID-19 Protective Measures in Germany. Front Psychol 2022; 13:893881. [PMID: 35769721 PMCID: PMC9234562 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.893881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic strains the healthcare systems, economy, education, and social life. Governments took several protective measures and formulated behavioral guidelines to prevent individual diseases and the collapse of healthcare systems. However, individual differences in the extent of compliance with the measures are apparent. To shed more light on this issue, the present correlational study examined the joint relation of several personal characteristics to people's motivation to comply with seven protective measures. Personal characteristics included age, gender, risk perception, the Big Five, the Dark Triad, conspiracy mentality, perceived locus of control, and general affect. Protective measures included social distancing, hygiene rules, wearing face masks, using a contact-tracing app, sharing one's infection status via the app, reducing physical contacts, and vaccinations. The study ran from 10 November 2020 to 29 December 2020. Based on a sample of 1,007 German-speaking participants, bivariate correlations and multiple regression analyses showed that personal characteristics are significantly linked to the motivation to comply with these measures. However, general affect, control beliefs, and basic personality traits play only a minor role. Age and gender showed some significant associations with protective measures. In contrast, protection motivation factors, in terms of perceived severity of and vulnerability to infection, and conspiracy mentality appear to be the major correlates of adopting protective behavior. The absolute motivation to comply with the measures also shows that hygiene rules and wearing face masks receive a higher average agreement than more personally intrusive measures such as physical contact restrictions and vaccinations. These results highlight that factors that are relevant to some measures may be irrelevant to other measures. Differences in people's personal characteristics should be considered in the design and communication of measures to support social acceptance and effectiveness. In this context, cognitive variables, which can be addressed by communication and education directly, seem to be more important than general affect and relatively time-invariant personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kaspar
- Department of Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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9
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Ge Y, Zhang WB, Liu H, Ruktanonchai CW, Hu M, Wu X, Song Y, Ruktanonchai NW, Yan W, Cleary E, Feng L, Li Z, Yang W, Liu M, Tatem AJ, Wang JF, Lai S. Impacts of worldwide individual non-pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 transmission across waves and space. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION : ITC JOURNAL 2022; 106:102649. [PMID: 35110979 PMCID: PMC8666325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jag.2021.102649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Governments worldwide have rapidly deployed non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the effect of these individual NPI measures across space and time has yet to be sufficiently assessed, especially with the increase of policy fatigue and the urge for NPI relaxation in the vaccination era. Using the decay ratio in the suppression of COVID-19 infections and multi-source big data, we investigated the changing performance of different NPIs across waves from global and regional levels (in 133 countries) to national and subnational (in the United States of America [USA]) scales before the implementation of mass vaccination. The synergistic effectiveness of all NPIs for reducing COVID-19 infections declined along waves, from 95.4% in the first wave to 56.0% in the third wave recently at the global level and similarly from 83.3% to 58.7% at the USA national level, while it had fluctuating performance across waves on regional and subnational scales. Regardless of geographical scale, gathering restrictions and facial coverings played significant roles in epidemic mitigation before the vaccine rollout. Our findings have important implications for continued tailoring and implementation of NPI strategies, together with vaccination, to mitigate future COVID-19 waves, caused by new variants, and other emerging respiratory infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Marine Data Center, South Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Corrine W Ruktanonchai
- Population Health Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Maogui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xilin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongze Song
- School of Design and the Built Environment, Curtin University, Perth, 6101, Australia
| | - Nick W Ruktanonchai
- Population Health Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Wei Yan
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Eimear Cleary
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Luzhao Feng
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongjie Li
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Weizhong Yang
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Andrew J Tatem
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Jin-Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengjie Lai
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, UK
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10
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Wang L, Guo X, Zhao N, Ouyang Y, Du B, Xu W, Chan T, Jiang H, Liu S. Effects of the Enhanced Public Health Intervention during the COVID‐19 Epidemic on Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Infectious Diseases in China. J Med Virol 2022; 94:2201-2211. [PMID: 35067944 PMCID: PMC9015532 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The public health interventions to mitigate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) could also potentially reduce the global activity of influenza. However, this strategy's impact on other common infectious diseases is unknown. We collected data of 10 respiratory infectious (RI) diseases, influenza‐like illnesses (ILIs), and seven gastrointestinal infectious (GI) diseases during 2015–2020 in China and applied two proportional tests to check the differences in the yearly incidence and mortality, and case‐fatality rates (CFRs) over the years 2015–2020. The results showed that the overall RI activity decreased by 7.47%, from 181.64 in 2015–2019 to 168.08 per 100 000 in 2020 (p < 0.001); however, the incidence of influenza was seen to have a 16.08% escalation (p < 0.001). In contrast, the average weekly ILI percentage and positive influenza virus rate decreased by 6.25% and 61.94%, respectively, in 2020 compared to the previous 5 years (all p < 0.001). The overall incidence of GI decreased by 45.28%, from 253.73 in 2015–2019 to 138.84 in 2020 per 100 000 (p < 0.001), and with the greatest decline seen in hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) (64.66%; p < 0.001). The mortality and CFRs from RI increased by 128.49% and 146.95%, respectively, in 2020, compared to 2015–2019 (p < 0.001). However, the mortality rates and CFRs of seven GI decreased by 70.56% and 46.12%, respectively (p < 0.001). In conclusion, China's COVID‐19 elimination/containment strategy is very effective in reducing the incidence rates of RI and GI, and ILI activity, as well as the mortality and CFRs of GI diseases. COVID‐19 elimination strategy in China decreased the activity of respiratory infectious diseases (RI) and influenza‐like illnesses.
A 16.08% escalation was seen in influenza in 2020 compared to 2015–2019.
The mortality of RI increased slightly in 2020 compared to 2015–2019.
COVID‐19 elimination strategy in China decreased dramatically the activity and mortality of gastrointestinal infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310003ZhejiangChina
| | - Xiangyu Guo
- School of StatisticsRenmin University of ChinaBeijing100872China
| | - Na Zhao
- School of Ecology and EnvironmentAnhui Normal UniversityWuhuAnhui Province241002China
| | - Yanyan Ouyang
- School of StatisticsRenmin University of ChinaBeijing100872China
| | | | - Wangli Xu
- School of StatisticsRenmin University of ChinaBeijing100872China
| | - Ta‐Chien Chan
- Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipei115Taiwan
| | - Hui Jiang
- Beijing Chest HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing101149China
- Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research InstituteBeijing101149China
| | - Shelan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionHangzhouZhejiang Province310051China
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11
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Lai S, Sorichetta A, Steele J, Ruktanonchai CW, Cunningham AD, Rogers G, Koper P, Woods D, Bondarenko M, Ruktanonchai NW, Shi W, Tatem AJ. Global holiday datasets for understanding seasonal human mobility and population dynamics. Sci Data 2022; 9:17. [PMID: 35058466 PMCID: PMC8776767 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01120-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Public and school holidays have important impacts on population mobility and dynamics across multiple spatial and temporal scales, subsequently affecting the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases and many socioeconomic activities. However, worldwide data on public and school holidays for understanding their changes across regions and years have not been assembled into a single, open-source and multitemporal dataset. To address this gap, an open access archive of data on public and school holidays in 2010-2019 across the globe at daily, weekly, and monthly timescales was constructed. Airline passenger volumes across 90 countries from 2010 to 2018 were also assembled to illustrate the usage of the holiday data for understanding the changing spatiotemporal patterns of population movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Lai
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Alessandro Sorichetta
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Jessica Steele
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Corrine W Ruktanonchai
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Alexander D Cunningham
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Grant Rogers
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Patrycja Koper
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Dorothea Woods
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Maksym Bondarenko
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Nick W Ruktanonchai
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Weifeng Shi
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Andrew J Tatem
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
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12
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Luca M, Lepri B, Frias-Martinez E, Lutu A. Modeling international mobility using roaming cell phone traces during COVID-19 pandemic. EPJ DATA SCIENCE 2022; 11:22. [PMID: 35402140 PMCID: PMC8978511 DOI: 10.1140/epjds/s13688-022-00335-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Most of the studies related to human mobility are focused on intra-country mobility. However, there are many scenarios (e.g., spreading diseases, migration) in which timely data on international commuters are vital. Mobile phones represent a unique opportunity to monitor international mobility flows in a timely manner and with proper spatial aggregation. This work proposes using roaming data generated by mobile phones to model incoming and outgoing international mobility. We use the gravity and radiation models to capture mobility flows before and during the introduction of non-pharmaceutical interventions. However, traditional models have some limitations: for instance, mobility restrictions are not explicitly captured and may play a crucial role. To overtake such limitations, we propose the COVID Gravity Model (CGM), namely an extension of the traditional gravity model that is tailored for the pandemic scenario. This proposed approach overtakes, in terms of accuracy, the traditional models by 126.9% for incoming mobility and by 63.9% when modeling outgoing mobility flows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Luca
- Bruno Kessler Foundation, Trento, Italy
- Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
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13
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The impact of COVID-19 on clinical research for Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs): A case study of bubonic plague. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0010064. [PMID: 34928955 PMCID: PMC8722723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the many collaterals of the COVID-19 pandemic is the disruption of health services and vital clinical research. COVID-19 has magnified the challenges faced in research and threatens to slow research for urgently needed therapeutics for Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) and diseases affecting the most vulnerable populations. Here we explore the impact of the pandemic on a clinical trial for plague therapeutics and strategies that have been considered to ensure research efforts continue. METHODS To understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the trial accrual rate, we documented changes in patterns of all-cause consultations that took place before and during the pandemic at health centres in two districts of the Amoron'I Mania region of Madagascar where the trial is underway. We also considered trends in plague reporting and other external factors that may have contributed to slow recruitment. RESULTS During the pandemic, we found a 27% decrease in consultations at the referral hospital, compared to an 11% increase at peripheral health centres, as well as an overall drop during the months of lockdown. We also found a nation-wide trend towards reduced number of reported plague cases. DISCUSSION COVID-19 outbreaks are unlikely to dissipate in the near future. Declining NTD case numbers recorded during the pandemic period should not be viewed in isolation or taken as a marker of things to come. It is vitally important that researchers are prepared for a rebound in cases and, most importantly, that research continues to avoid NTDs becoming even more neglected.
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14
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Ruktanonchai CW, Lai S, Utazi CE, Cunningham AD, Koper P, Rogers GE, Ruktanonchai NW, Sadilek A, Woods D, Tatem AJ, Steele JE, Sorichetta A. Practical geospatial and sociodemographic predictors of human mobility. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15389. [PMID: 34321509 PMCID: PMC8319369 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94683-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding seasonal human mobility at subnational scales has important implications across sciences, from urban planning efforts to disease modelling and control. Assessing how, when, and where populations move over the course of the year, however, requires spatially and temporally resolved datasets spanning large periods of time, which can be rare, contain sensitive information, or may be proprietary. Here, we aim to explore how a set of broadly available covariates can describe typical seasonal subnational mobility in Kenya pre-COVID-19, therefore enabling better modelling of seasonal mobility across low- and middle-income country (LMIC) settings in non-pandemic settings. To do this, we used the Google Aggregated Mobility Research Dataset, containing anonymized mobility flows aggregated over users who have turned on the Location History setting, which is off by default. We combined this with socioeconomic and geospatial covariates from 2018 to 2019 to quantify seasonal changes in domestic and international mobility patterns across years. We undertook a spatiotemporal analysis within a Bayesian framework to identify relevant geospatial and socioeconomic covariates explaining human movement patterns, while accounting for spatial and temporal autocorrelations. Typical pre-pandemic mobility patterns in Kenya mostly consisted of shorter, within-county trips, followed by longer domestic travel between counties and international travel, which is important in establishing how mobility patterns changed post-pandemic. Mobility peaked in August and December, closely corresponding to school holiday seasons, which was found to be an important predictor in our model. We further found that socioeconomic variables including urbanicity, poverty, and female education strongly explained mobility patterns, in addition to geospatial covariates such as accessibility to major population centres and temperature. These findings derived from novel data sources elucidate broad spatiotemporal patterns of how populations move within and beyond Kenya, and can be easily generalized to other LMIC settings before the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding such pre-pandemic mobility patterns provides a crucial baseline to interpret both how these patterns have changed as a result of the pandemic, as well as whether human mobility patterns have been permanently altered once the pandemic subsides. Our findings outline key correlates of mobility using broadly available covariates, alleviating the data bottlenecks of highly sensitive and proprietary mobile phone datasets, which many researchers do not have access to. These results further provide novel insight on monitoring mobility proxies in the context of disease surveillance and control efforts through LMIC settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrine W Ruktanonchai
- Population Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| | - Shengjie Lai
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Chigozie E Utazi
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Alex D Cunningham
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Patrycja Koper
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Grant E Rogers
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Nick W Ruktanonchai
- Population Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | - Dorothea Woods
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Andrew J Tatem
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jessica E Steele
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Alessandro Sorichetta
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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15
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Feng L, Zhang T, Wang Q, Xie Y, Peng Z, Zheng J, Qin Y, Zhang M, Lai S, Wang D, Feng Z, Li Z, Gao GF. Impact of COVID-19 outbreaks and interventions on influenza in China and the United States. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3249. [PMID: 34059675 PMCID: PMC8167168 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23440-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was detected in China during the 2019-2020 seasonal influenza epidemic. Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) and behavioral changes to mitigate COVID-19 could have affected transmission dynamics of influenza and other respiratory diseases. By comparing 2019-2020 seasonal influenza activity through March 29, 2020 with the 2011-2019 seasons, we found that COVID-19 outbreaks and related NPIs may have reduced influenza in Southern and Northern China and the United States by 79.2% (lower and upper bounds: 48.8%-87.2%), 79.4% (44.9%-87.4%) and 67.2% (11.5%-80.5%). Decreases in influenza virus infection were also associated with the timing of NPIs. Without COVID-19 NPIs, influenza activity in China and the United States would likely have remained high during the 2019-2020 season. Our findings provide evidence that NPIs can partially mitigate seasonal and, potentially, pandemic influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luzhao Feng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yiran Xie
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Chinese National Influenza Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhibin Peng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jiandong Zheng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Qin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Muli Zhang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shengjie Lai
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Dayan Wang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Chinese National Influenza Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zijian Feng
- Office of Director, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongjie Li
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - George F Gao
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Chinese National Influenza Center, Beijing, China.
- Office of Director, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
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