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Expression of Concern: An integrated view on society readiness and initial reaction to COVID-19: A study across European countries. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294386. [PMID: 37943767 PMCID: PMC10635477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
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Muttamba W, O'Hare BAM, Saxena V, Bbuye M, Tyagi P, Ramsay A, Kirenga B, Sabiiti W. A systematic review of strategies adopted to scale up COVID-19 testing in low-, middle- and high-income countries. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060838. [PMID: 36396316 PMCID: PMC9676418 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-060838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We undertook a systematic review of strategies adopted to scale up COVID-19 testing in countries across income levels to identify successful approaches and facilitate learning. METHODS Scholarly articles in English from PubMed, Google scholar and Google search engine describing strategies used to increase COVID-19 testing in countries were reviewed. Deductive analysis to allocate relevant text from the reviewed publications/reports to the a priori themes was done. MAIN RESULTS The review covered 32 countries, including 11 high-income, 2 upper-middle-income, 13 lower-middle-income and 6 low-income countries. Most low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) increased the number of laboratories available for testing and deployed sample collection and shipment to the available laboratories. The high-income countries (HICs) that is, South Korea, Germany, Singapore and USA developed molecular diagnostics with accompanying regulatory and legislative framework adjustments to ensure the rapid development and use of the tests. HICs like South Korea leveraged existing manufacturing systems to develop tests, while the LMICs leveraged existing national disease control programmes (HIV, tuberculosis, malaria) to increase testing. Continent-wide, African Centres for Disease Control and Prevention-led collaborations increased testing across most African countries through building capacity by providing testing kits and training. CONCLUSION Strategies taken appear to reflect the existing systems or economies of scale that a particular country could leverage. LMICs, for example, drew on the infectious disease control programmes already in place to harness expertise and laboratory capacity for COVID-19 testing. There however might have been strategies adopted by other countries but were never published and thus did not appear anywhere in the searched databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winters Muttamba
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
- Makerere University Lung Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Vibhor Saxena
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Mudarshiru Bbuye
- Makerere University Lung Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Parul Tyagi
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Andrew Ramsay
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Bruce Kirenga
- Makerere University Lung Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Wilber Sabiiti
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
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Wang W, Wang CY, Wang SI, Wei JCC. Long-term cardiovascular outcomes in COVID-19 survivors among non-vaccinated population: A retrospective cohort study from the TriNetX US collaborative networks. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 53:101619. [PMID: 35971425 PMCID: PMC9366236 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long-term cardiovascular outcomes in COVID-19 survivors remain largely unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term cardiovascular outcomes in COVID-19 survivors. METHODS This study used the data from the US Collaborative Network in TriNetX. From a cohort of more than 42 million records between 1 January 2019 and 31 March 2022, a total of 4,131,717 participants who underwent SARS-CoV-2 testing were recruited. Study population then divided into two groups based on COVID-19 test results. To avoid reverse causality, the follow-up initiated 30 days after the test, and continued until 12 months. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% Confidence intervals (CIs) of the incidental cardiovascular outcomes were calculated between propensity score-matched patients with versus without SARS-CoV-2 infection. Subgroup analyses on sex, and age group were also conducted. Sensitivity analyses were performed using different network, or stratified by hospitalization to explore the difference of geography and severity of COVID-19 infection. FINDINGS The COVID-19 survivors were associated with increased risks of cerebrovascular diseases, such as stroke (HR [95% CI] = 1.618 [1.545-1.694]), arrhythmia related disorders, such as atrial fibrillation (HR [95% CI] = 2.407 [2.296-2.523]), inflammatory heart disease, such as myocarditis (HR [95% CI] =4.406 [2.890-6.716]), ischemic heart disease(IHD), like ischemic cardiomyopathy (HR [95% CI] = 2.811 [2.477-3.190]), other cardiac disorders, such as heart failure (HR [95% CI] =2.296 [2.200-2.396]) and thromboembolic disorders (e.g. pulmonary embolism: HR [95% CI] =2.648 [2.443-2.870]). The risks of two composite endpoints, major adverse cardiovascular event (HR [95% CI] = 1.871 [1.816-1.927]) and any cardiovascular outcome (HR [95% CI] = 1.552 [1.526-1.578]), were also higher in the COVID-19 survivors than in the controls. Moreover, the survival probability of the COVID-19 survivors dramatically decreased in all the cardiovascular outcomes. The risks of cardiovascular outcomes were evident in both male and female COVID-19 survivors. Furthermore, the risk of mortality was higher in the elderly COVID-19 survivors (age ≥ 65 years) than in the young ones. Sensitivity analyses presented roughly similar results globally. Furthermore, the impact of COVID-19 on cardio-related outcomes appeared to be more pronounced in inpatients than in outpatients. INTERPRETATION The 12-month risk of incidental cardiovascular diseases is substantially higher in the COVID-19 survivors than the non-COVID-19 controls. Clinicians and patients with a history of COVID-19 should pay attention to their cardiovascular health in long term. FUNDING The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central public welfare research institutes and Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CACM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Institue of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Chi-Yen Wang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shiow-Ing Wang
- Center for Health Data Science, Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - James Cheng-Chung Wei
- Department of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Corresponding author at: No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., South District, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan.
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Owusu G, Yu H, Huang H. Temporal dynamics for areal unit-based co-occurrence COVID-19 trajectories. AIMS Public Health 2022; 9:703-717. [PMID: 36636154 PMCID: PMC9807409 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2022049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic mechanism of the COVID-19 pandemic has been studied for disease prevention and health protection through areal unit-based log-linear Poisson processes to understand the outbreak of the virus with confirmed daily empirical cases. The predictor of the evolution is structured as a function of a short-term dependence and a long-term trend to identify the pattern of exponential growth in the main epicenters of the virus. The study provides insight into the possible pandemic path of each areal unit and a guide to drive policymaking on preventive measures that can be applied or relaxed to mitigate the spread of the virus. It is significant that knowing the trend of the virus is very helpful for institutions and organizations in terms of instituting resources and measures to help provide a safe working environment and support for all workers/staff/students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Owusu
- Department of Applied Statistics and Research Methods, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639, USA
| | - Han Yu
- Department of Applied Statistics and Research Methods, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639, USA,* Correspondence:
| | - Hong Huang
- School of Information, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
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De Foo C, Haldane V, Jung AS, Grépin KA, Wu S, Singh S, Perera N, Miranda JJ, McKee M, Legido-Quigley H. Isolation facilities for covid-19: towards a person centred approach. BMJ 2022; 378:e069558. [PMID: 35882391 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2021-069558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan De Foo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Victoria Haldane
- Institute of Health Policy Management and Education, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anne-Sophie Jung
- School of Politics and International Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Karen A Grépin
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Shishi Wu
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sudhvir Singh
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - J Jaime Miranda
- CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Martin McKee
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Helena Legido-Quigley
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Lau LL, Hung N, Go DJ, Choi M, Dodd W, Wei X. Dramatic increases in knowledge, attitudes and practices of COVID-19 observed among low-income households in the Philippines: A repeated cross-sectional study in 2020. J Glob Health 2022; 12:05015. [PMID: 35596944 PMCID: PMC9123942 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.12.05015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted populations globally, and knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAPs) surrounding the virus have necessarily evolved. This study was conducted in partnership with International Care Ministries (ICM), a Philippine-based non-governmental organization that runs the “Transform” poverty alleviation program. The main objective of this study was to describe the changes in COVID-19 KAPs among households experiencing extreme poverty in the Philippines over an 8-month period. Methods A KAP questionnaire was integrated into the household survey collected as part of ICM’s regular monitoring and evaluation of “Transform”. Data collection for the first survey was conducted between February 20 and March 13, 2020, and the second survey was conducted between November 12 and December 12, 2020. Frequencies and proportions were calculated to describe the respondents’ responses and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to assess if there were significant differences in KAP identification between the two time points. Results We observed a distinct increase across all KAP domains. Over 90% of study participants were able to correctly identify COVID-19 transmission modes and preventive measures, and an even higher percentage reported adopting these measures. However, the intention to seek care from public hospitals for COVID-19 symptoms dropped from 43.6% to 28.4%, while reports of self-treatment using stored medicines or antibiotics increased. Trust in community members and local health authorities was correlated with higher knowledge and practice scores. Conclusions Our study results reflect the extraordinary speed of information dissemination and behaviour change globally over the course of the pandemic, but they also highlight the changes in KAP that show the additional challenges faced by populations experiencing poverty in the Philippines. Prioritization of reducing inequities in the implementation and adoption of the evolving public health measures will be integral as the pandemic continues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lincoln L Lau
- International Care Ministries Inc., Manila, Philippines.,School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Natalee Hung
- International Care Ministries Inc., Manila, Philippines
| | - Daryn J Go
- International Care Ministries Inc., Manila, Philippines
| | - Mia Choi
- International Care Ministries Inc., Manila, Philippines
| | - Warren Dodd
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Xiaolin Wei
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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