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van der Schyff V, Kalina J, Govarts E, Gilles L, Schoeters G, Castaño A, Esteban-López M, Kohoutek J, Kukučka P, Covaci A, Koppen G, Andrýsková L, Piler P, Klánová J, Jensen TK, Rambaud L, Riou M, Lamoree M, Kolossa-Gehring M, Vogel N, Weber T, Göen T, Gabriel C, Sarigiannis DA, Sakhi AK, Haug LS, Murinova LP, Fabelova L, Tratnik JS, Mazej D, Melymuk L. Exposure to flame retardants in European children - Results from the HBM4EU aligned studies. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 247:114070. [PMID: 36442457 PMCID: PMC9758617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Many legacy and emerging flame retardants (FRs) have adverse human and environmental health effects. This study reports legacy and emerging FRs in children from nine European countries from the HBM4EU aligned studies. Studies from Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, France, Greece, Slovenia, Slovakia, and Norway conducted between 2014 and 2021 provided data on FRs in blood and urine from 2136 children. All samples were collected and analyzed in alignment with the HBM4EU protocols. Ten halogenated FRs were quantified in blood, and four organophosphate flame retardants (OPFR) metabolites quantified in urine. Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) and decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) were infrequently detected (<16% of samples). BDE-47 was quantified in blood from Greece, France, and Norway, with France (0.36 ng/g lipid) having the highest concentrations. BDE-153 and -209 were detected in <40% of samples. Dechlorane Plus (DP) was quantified in blood from four countries, with notably high median concentrations of 16 ng/g lipid in Slovenian children. OPFR metabolites had a higher detection frequency than other halogenated FRs. Diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) was quantified in 99% of samples across 8 countries at levels ∼5 times higher than other OPFR metabolites (highest median in Slovenia of 2.43 ng/g lipid). FR concentrations were associated with lifestyle factors such as cleaning frequency, employment status of the father of the household, and renovation status of the house, among others. The concentrations of BDE-47 in children from this study were similar to or lower than FRs found in adult matrices in previous studies, suggesting lower recent exposure and effectiveness of PBDE restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiři Kalina
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Govarts
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, 2400, Belgium
| | - Liese Gilles
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, 2400, Belgium
| | - Greet Schoeters
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, 2400, Belgium,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Argelia Castaño
- National Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Esteban-López
- National Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jiři Kohoutek
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kukučka
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Gudrun Koppen
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, 2400, Belgium
| | - Lenka Andrýsková
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Piler
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Klánová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tina Kold Jensen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, 5000, Denmark
| | - Loic Rambaud
- Santé Publique France, French Public Health Agency (ANSP), Saint-Maurice, 94415, France
| | - Margaux Riou
- Santé Publique France, French Public Health Agency (ANSP), Saint-Maurice, 94415, France
| | - Marja Lamoree
- Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, Section Chemistry for Environment & Health, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Nina Vogel
- German Environment Agency (UBA), 06844 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Till Weber
- German Environment Agency (UBA), 06844 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Thomas Göen
- IPASUM - Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Henkestrasse 9-11, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Catherine Gabriel
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece,HERACLES Research Center on the Exposome and Health, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center, Bldg. B, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Road, 57001, Greece
| | - Dimosthenis A. Sarigiannis
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece,HERACLES Research Center on the Exposome and Health, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center, Bldg. B, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Road, 57001, Greece,Environmental Health Engineering, Institute of Advanced Study, Palazzo del Broletto, Piazza Della Vittoria 15, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Amrit Kaur Sakhi
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Line Småstuen Haug
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Lucia Fabelova
- Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, 833 03, Slovakia
| | - Janja Snoj Tratnik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Darja Mazej
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Lisa Melymuk
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic,Corresponding author.
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Human Biomonitoring of Environmental and Occupational Exposures by GC-MS and Gas Sensor Systems: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910236. [PMID: 34639537 PMCID: PMC8508139 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Environmental chemicals and contaminants coming from multiple external sources enter the human body, determining a potential risk for human health. Human biomonitoring (HBM), measuring the concentrations of biomarkers in human specimens, has become an emerging approach for assessing population-wide exposure to hazardous chemicals and health risk through large-scale studies in many countries. However, systematic mapping of HBM studies, including their characteristics, targeted hazardous pollutants, analytical techniques, and sample population (general population and occupationally exposed workers), has not been done so far. We conducted a systematic review of the literature related to airborne hazardous pollutants in biofluids to answer the following questions: Which main chemicals have been included in the literature, which bodily fluids have been used, and what are the main findings? Following PRISMA protocol, we summarized the publications published up to 4 February 2021 of studies based on two methods: gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and electronic noses (e-noses). We screened 2606 records and 117 publications were included in the analysis, the most based on GC/MS analysis. The selected HBM studies include measurements of biomarkers in different bodily fluids, such as blood, urine, breast milk, and human semen as well as exhaled air. The papers cover numerous airborne hazardous pollutants that we grouped in chemical classes; a lot of hazardous and noxious compounds, mainly persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), have been detected in biological fluids at alarming levels. The scenario that emerged from this survey demonstrates the importance of HBM in human exposure to hazardous pollutants and the need to use it as valid tool in health surveillance. This systematic review represents a starting point for researchers who focus on the world of pollutant biomonitoring in the human body and gives them important insights into how to improve the methods based on GC/MS. Moreover, it makes a first overview of the use of gas sensor array and e-noses in HBM studies.
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Wang S, Jin J, Guo C, Li Z, Wang Y, Wei Y, Jin J. Previously identified and unidentified polybrominated biphenyl congeners in serum from people living in an electronic waste dismantling area in China. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 279:130478. [PMID: 33857646 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effects of polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) on human health have previously attracted much attention, but recent studies of PBBs have been focused on BB-153 and a few other congeners. PBB concentrations in serum samples from residents of an area containing an electronic waste dismantling site were determined in this study. The total PBB concentrations (i.e., the sums of the concentrations of the 35 PBB congeners) were 229-1360 ng/g lipid. The BB-153 concentrations were markedly higher in the samples from people living in the electronic waste dismantling area than in samples from people living in a nearby control area. BB-153 was found in all of the samples from the study exposure area but the concentrations were relatively low (0.07-4.70 ng/g lipid). High BB-1 concentrations were found for the first time in serum from people living in both the electronic waste dismantling and control areas. The BB-1 concentrations were 211-1280 ng/g lipid. The retention times of the 35 PBB standards and PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) with similar structures were used to predict the retention times of unidentified PBB congeners to allow the PBB distributions in the serum samples to be identified. A total of 26 previously unidentified PBB congeners were identified in the human serum samples. BB-5, BB-35, BB-79, and BB-109 were found in >50% of the samples. The PBB patterns in the serum samples were different from the patterns previously found in serum after a PBB contamination incident in 1973, so the health risks currently posed by PBBs are worth studying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jingxi Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chen Guo
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Public Health, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yongjie Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China.
| | - Jun Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Public Health, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Feijó M, Martins RVL, Socorro S, Pereira L, Correia S. Effects of the endocrine disruptor vinclozolin in male reproduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis†. Biol Reprod 2021; 104:962-975. [PMID: 33524106 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals have become an issue of scientific and public discussion. Vinclozolin (VNZ) is a fungicide that competitively antagonizes the binding of natural androgens to their receptor, disturbing the function of tissues that are sensitive to these hormones, as is the case of the male reproductive organs. A systematic review with meta-analyses of rodent studies was conducted to answer the following question: Does exposure to VNZ affect sperm parameters and testicular/epididymal weight? The methodology was prespecified according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews and PRISMA recommendations. Sixteen articles met the inclusion criteria, comprising a total of 1189 animals. The risk of publication bias was assessed using the Trim and Fill adjustment, funnel plot, and Egger regression test. Heterogeneity and inconsistency across the findings were tested using the Q-statistic and I2 of Higgins, respectively. Sensitivity was also analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed on Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (Version 2.0), using random models and weighted mean differences along with a 95% confidence interval. Sperm motility, counts, daily sperm production (evidence of publication bias), and epididymis weight were decreased in VNZ-treated animals. Exposure length and dose, as well as the time point of exposure, influenced the obtained results. Despite the moderate/high heterogeneity observed, the sensitivity analysis overall demonstrated the robustness of the findings. The quality scores of the included studies were superior to 4 in a total of 9, then classified as good. The obtained data corroborate the capability of VNZ exposure to disrupt spermatogenic output and compromise male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Feijó
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,GRUBI, Group of Systematic Reviews of University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Roberta V L Martins
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Socorro
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Luísa Pereira
- GRUBI, Group of Systematic Reviews of University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,CMA-UBI, Centre for Mathematics and Applications, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Sara Correia
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,GRUBI, Group of Systematic Reviews of University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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Arvaniti OS, Kalantzi OI. Determinants of flame retardants in non-occupationally exposed individuals - A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:127923. [PMID: 32835974 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Flame retardants (FRs) constitute a large group of different substances, some of which have been phased out of the market due to health concerns, while others are still used in many common consumer products to prevent fire hazards. This review addressed the determinants of FRs in non-occupationally exposed individuals based on surveys and questionnaire data. For this literature review, three databases (Scopus, Pubmed and Web of Knowledge) were searched by applying suitable terms, inclusion and exclusion criteria, producing a final selection of 78 articles for review. Based on these surveys there is epidemiological evidence for a significant association (p < 0.05) among human exposure and demographic factors, as well as a significant correlation between exposure to FRs and behavioural and environmental factors. Age, gender, housing characteristics, electrical and electronic equipment and mouthing behaviour (in children) play a leading role in human exposure to FRs as published studies demonstrated. However, the methodological differences among studies such as population size, questionnaire design and statistical analysis did not reveal a complete pattern of human exposure routes. Risk perception and communication are also discussed based on limited available data. Knowledge gaps and future perspectives relating to standardized protocols, elucidation of contamination sources, and risk response of health information from different target groups were also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga S Arvaniti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, GR-26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Olga-Ioanna Kalantzi
- Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, University Hill, Mytilene, 81100, Greece.
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6
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Wu Z, He C, Han W, Song J, Li H, Zhang Y, Jing X, Wu W. Exposure pathways, levels and toxicity of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in humans: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 187:109531. [PMID: 32454306 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are extensively used as brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in different types of materials, which have been listed as Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) by the Stockholm Convention in 2009 and 2017. Due to their ubiquities in the environment and toxicities, PBDEs have posed great threat to both human health and ecosystems. The aim of this review is to offer a comprehensive understanding of the exposure pathways, levels and trends and associated health risks of PBDEs in human body in a global scale. We systematically reviewed and described the scientific data of PBDE researches worldwide from 2010 to March 2020, focusing on the following three areas: (1) sources and human external exposure pathways of PBDEs; (2) PBDE levels and trends in humans; (3) human data of PBDEs toxicity. Dietary intake and dust ingestion are dominant human exposure pathways. PBDEs were widely detected in human samples, especially in human serum and human milk. Data showed that PBDEs are generally declining in human samples worldwide as a result of their phasing out. Due to the common use of PBDEs, their levels in humans from the USA were generally higher than that in other countries. High concentrations of PBDEs have been detected in humans from PBDE production regions and e-waste recycling sites. BDE-47, -153 and -99 were proved to be the primary congeners in humans. Human toxicity data demonstrated that PBDEs have extensively endocrine disruption effects, developmental effects, and carcinogenic effects among different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhineng Wu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Chang He
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Science (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 4102, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Wei Han
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jie Song
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Huijun Li
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yadi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xiaohua Jing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, 455002, China
| | - Weidong Wu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
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7
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Yu YJ, Lin BG, Qiao J, Chen XC, Chen WL, Li LZ, Chen XY, Yang LY, Yang P, Zhang GZ, Zhou XQ, Chen CR. Levels and congener profiles of halogenated persistent organic pollutants in human serum and semen at an e-waste area in South China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 138:105666. [PMID: 32203811 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Typical halogenated persistent organic pollutants (Hal-POPs), including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), are a group of ubiquitous organic pollutants with an endocrine disrupting effect. This study evaluated the accumulation and congener profiles of Hal-POPs in the bodies of men who live/work in areas of South China where electronic wastes are collected and managed, especially in their semen samples. The results show that the detection frequency and serum concentrations of Hal-POP congeners within the high-exposure group (HEG) were higher than those of the low-exposure group (LEG). Furthermore, an identical trend was observed for the seminal plasma concentrations of Hal-POPs. The distribution characteristics, such as their mean, median, and discrete values, of PBDE congeners in serum and semen samples from the same subjects were consistent with each other. However, the distribution characteristics of PCB congeners in serum samples were different from those in semen samples. BDE153 was one of the most abundant congeners found in the serum and semen samples; hence, it can be identified as an indicator PBDE congener. Further research is needed to explore the mechanism of Hal-POPs distribution in human semen and serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jiang Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Bi-Gui Lin
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jing Qiao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, People's Hospital of Qingyuan, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan 511518, China
| | - Xi-Chao Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Wan-le Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, People's Hospital of Qingyuan, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan 511518, China
| | - Liang-Zhong Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Liu-Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Pan Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of the Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guo-Zhi Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, People's Hospital of Qingyuan, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan 511518, China
| | - Xiu-Qin Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, People's Hospital of Qingyuan, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan 511518, China
| | - Cai-Rong Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, People's Hospital of Qingyuan, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan 511518, China.
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Chang CJ, Terrell ML, Marcus M, Marder ME, Panuwet P, Ryan PB, Pearson M, Barton H, Barr DB. Serum concentrations of polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the Michigan PBB Registry 40 years after the PBB contamination incident. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 137:105526. [PMID: 32062441 PMCID: PMC7201813 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Widespread polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) contamination occurred in Michigan from 1973 to 1974, when PBBs were accidentally substituted for a nutritional supplement in livestock feed. People who lived in the state were exposed to PBBs via several routes including ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption. PBBs sequestered in lipid-rich matrices such as adipose tissue, are slowly eliminated after entering the human body, and can also be transferred from a mother to her offspring through the placenta and breastfeeding. Due to the long biological half-lives of PBBs, as well as concerns from the exposed community, biomonitoring measurements were conducted from 2012 to 2015. Because of their similar structures, serum PBBs, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were all measured 40 years after the PBB contamination incident (N = 862). The serum PBB-153 levels among the original highly-exposed groups (i.e., chemical workers, the family of chemical workers, and individuals who lived on or received food from the contaminated farms) remains significantly higher than other Michigan residents. Several predictors such as sampling age, sex, and smoking status were significantly associated with the serum levels of some persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Higher average values and also wider ranges of serum POP levels were found in this study compared to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), with the most substantial difference in serum PBB-153. This was true for all groups of Michigan residents including those who were not part of the above-described highly-exposed groups. Moreover, the people born after the contamination incident began also have higher serum PBB-153 levels when compared with more recent NHANES data (2010-2014), which suggests potential intergenerational exposure and/or continued environmental exposure following the contamination period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Jung Chang
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, USA.
| | - Metrecia L Terrell
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, USA
| | - Michele Marcus
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, USA
| | - M Elizabeth Marder
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, USA
| | - Parinya Panuwet
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, USA
| | - P Barry Ryan
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, USA
| | - Melanie Pearson
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, USA
| | - Hillary Barton
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, USA
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, USA
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9
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Wu Z, Han W, Yang X, Li Y, Wang Y. The occurrence of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) contamination in soil, water/sediment, and air. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:23219-23241. [PMID: 31270770 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05768-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As a kind of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are extensively used in different types of electronic equipment, furniture, plastics, and textiles. PBDEs are ubiquitous environmental contaminants that may impact human health and ecosystems. Here we highlight recent findings on the occurrence, contamination status, and transport of PBDEs in soil, water/sediment, and air. Four aspects are discussed in detail: (1) sources of PBDEs to the environment; (2) occurrence and transport of PBDEs in soil; (3) PBDEs in aquatic ecosystems (water/sediment) and their water-sediment partitioning; and (4) the occurrence of PBDEs in the atmosphere and their gas-particle partitioning. Future prospects for the investigation on PBDEs occurrence are also discussed based on current scientific and practical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhineng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Wei Han
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yao Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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10
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Wang X, Du T, Wang J, Kou H, Du X. Determination of polybrominated biphenyls in environmental water samples by ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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11
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Huang Y, Yan M, Nie H, Wang W, Wang J. Persistent halogenated organic pollutants in follicular fluid of women undergoing in vitro fertilization from China: Occurrence, congener profiles, and possible sources. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 244:1-8. [PMID: 30317085 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of persistent halogenated organic pollutants (HOPs) in human follicular fluid is important given previous reports of their adverse effects on the reproductivity of women. In the present work, HOPs, including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), were analyzed in 127 follicular fluid samples collected from patients who were undergoing in vitro fertilization in Central China. The concentrations of ∑7BDEs (sum of BDE-28, -47, -99, -100, -153, -154, and -183) in follicular fluid ranged from not detected (n.d.) to 110 ng/g lipid weight (lw), with an average of 50 ± 24 ng/g lw. BDE-100 was suggested to be an indicator of BDE congeners in follicular fluid, with the highest concentrations and showing a significantly high correlation (p < 0.01) with ∑7BDEs. Penta-BDE products were the principal source of PBDEs in follicular fluid samples. The concentrations of ∑7CBs (CB-28, -52, -101, -118, -138, -153, and -180) in follicular fluids ranged from n.d. to 250 ng/g lw, with an average of 77 ± 69 ng/g lw. CB-28 and CB-52 were considered to be indicator CB congeners, with tri-CBs and tetra-CBs dominating in follicular fluid. No significant correlation was observed between patient age and PBDE or PCB concentrations in follicular fluid, indicating that age was not the controlling factor influencing the bioaccumulation of most HOPs in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Huang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Muting Yan
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Huayue Nie
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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12
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Orta-García ST, Ochoa-Martínez ÁC, Varela-Silva JA, Pérez-Maldonado IN. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) levels in blood samples from children living in the metropolitan area of Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2018; 28:90-101. [PMID: 29376401 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2018.1429578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to perform a polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) exposure assessment using blood samples collected from children living in the metropolitan area of Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico (GDL). Five congeners of PBDEs were analyzed using a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry technique. The blood concentrations of total PBDEs ranged from 5.50 to 169 ng/g lipid (42.0 ± 18.0 ng/g lipid; mean ± standard deviation). Regarding BDE congeners, the main congener (highest blood levels) was BDE99 (14.5 ± 5.50 ng/g lipid), followed by BDE100 (9.80 ± 3.40 ng/g lipid) and BDE154 (9.80 ± 5.90 ng/g lipid), and finally BDE153 (5.80 ± 2.30 ng/g lipid) and BDE47 (2.20 ± 1.20 ng/g lipid). In conclusion, blood PBDEs concentrations of concern were detected in this study, as blood levels were similar to the ones found in North America (the highest worldwide).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra T Orta-García
- a Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT) , Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí . San Luis Potosí , México
- b Facultad de Medicina , Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí . San Luis Potosí , México
| | - Ángeles C Ochoa-Martínez
- a Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT) , Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí . San Luis Potosí , México
- b Facultad de Medicina , Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí . San Luis Potosí , México
| | - José A Varela-Silva
- a Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT) , Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí . San Luis Potosí , México
- c Facultad de Enfermería , Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas , Zacatecas , México
| | - Iván N Pérez-Maldonado
- a Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT) , Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí . San Luis Potosí , México
- b Facultad de Medicina , Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí . San Luis Potosí , México
- d Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Zona Media , Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí . Rioverde San Luis Potosí , México
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13
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Xiong L, Liyue H, Fancai Z, Maoting L, Ya L, Ting H, Zhen Y, Shanshan Z, Wenwen G, Yan T. Effect of decabrominated diphenyl ether exposure on spatial learning and memory, the expression and phosphorylation of hippocampal glutamate receptor subunits in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. J Toxicol Sci 2018; 43:645-657. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.43.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiong
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, China
| | - Hao Liyue
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, China
| | - Zeng Fancai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southwest Medical University, China
| | - Li Maoting
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, China
| | - Li Ya
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, China
| | - He Ting
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, China
| | - Yang Zhen
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, China
| | - Zhu Shanshan
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, China
| | - Gu Wenwen
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, China
| | - Tang Yan
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, China
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14
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Novak P, Zuliani T, Milačič R, Ščančar J. Development of an analytical method for the determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in mussels and fish by gas chromatography—Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1524:179-187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Samanipour S, Dimitriou-Christidis P, Nabi D, Arey JS. Elevated Concentrations of 4-Bromobiphenyl and 1,3,5-Tribromobenzene Found in Deep Water of Lake Geneva Based on GC×GC-ENCI-TOFMS and GC×GC-μECD. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:641-652. [PMID: 31457461 PMCID: PMC6641002 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We quantified the concentrations of two little-studied brominated pollutants, 1,3,5-tribromobenzene (TBB) and 4-bromobiphenyl (4BBP), in the deep water column and sediments of Lake Geneva. We found aqueous concentrations of 625 ± 68 pg L-1 for TBB and 668 ± 86 pg L-1 for 4BBP over a depth range of 70-191.5 m (near-bottom depth), based on duplicate measurements taken at five depths during three separate 1 month sampling periods at our sampling site near Vidy Bay. These levels of TBB and 4BBP were 1 or 2 orders of magnitude higher than the quantified aqueous concentrations of the components of the pentabrominated biphenyl ether technical mixture, which is a flame retardant product that had a high production volume in Europe before 2001. We observed statistically significant vertical concentration trends for both TBB and 2,2',4,4',6-pentabromobiphenyl ether in the deep water column, which indicates that transport and/or degradation processes affect these compounds. These measurements were enabled by application of a comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatograph coupled to an electron capture negative chemical ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (GC×GC-ENCI-TOFMS) and to a micro-electron capture detector (GC×GC-μECD). GC×GC-ENCI-TOFMS and GC×GC-μECD were found to be >10× more sensitive toward brominated pollutants than conventional GC×GC-EI-TOFMS (with an electron impact (EI) ionization source), the latter of which had insufficient sensitivity to detect these emerging brominated pollutants in the analyzed samples. GC×GC also enabled the estimation of several environmentally relevant partitioning properties of TBB and 4BBP, further confirming previous evidence that these pollutants are bioaccumulative and have long-range transport potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saer Samanipour
- School
of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), ENAC IIE LMCE GR C2 544 Station
2, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Norwegian
Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Petros Dimitriou-Christidis
- School
of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), ENAC IIE LMCE GR C2 544 Station
2, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Firmenich, Route des Jeunes 1, 1227 Les Acacias, Switzerland
| | - Deedar Nabi
- School
of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), ENAC IIE LMCE GR C2 544 Station
2, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Bigelow
Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Drive, East Boothbay, Maine 04544, United
States
| | - J. Samuel Arey
- School
of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), ENAC IIE LMCE GR C2 544 Station
2, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Eawag,
Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstr. 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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16
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Li X, Wang C, Wang W, Yue C, Tang Y. Neonatal exposure to BDE 209 impaired learning and memory, decreased expression of hippocampal core SNAREs and synaptophysin in adult rats. Neurotoxicology 2017; 59:40-48. [PMID: 28104350 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of flame retardants. While the mechanism remains unknown, the potential neurotoxic effects of PBDEs remain a relevant issue. In the present study, neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes were administered BDE 209 (1, 10, or 20mg/kg body weight) or peanut oil once daily from postnatal day (PND) 5 to PND 10. We examined the spatial learning and memory by Morris water maze and the working and reference memory by eight-arm radial maze in the stage of adulthood. Compared with controls, significantly longer escape latencies and fewer platform-crossings in the Morris water maze were observed in rats exposed to 1, 10, and 20mg/kg BDE 209, and these effects were dose-dependent. Significantly higher working and reference memory error rates in the eight-arm radial maze were also observed in rats exposed to 10 and 20mg/kg BDE 209. Furthermore, we detected the mRNA and protein expressions of hippocampal synaptobrevin 2, syntaxin 1A, Synaptosome Associated Protein 25 (SNAP-25), and synaptophysin using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot methods. Compared with controls, the mRNA expressions of synaptobrevin 2, syntaxin 1A, SNAP-25, and synaptophysin were significantly decreased in the hippocampi of rats exposed to 1, 10, and 20 mg/kg BDE 209, and the protein expressions of synaptobrevin 2 and SNAP-25 were significantly decreased in the hippocampi of rats exposed to 10 and 20 mg/kg BDE 209, while syntaxin 1A and synaptophysin were significantly decreased in rats exposed to 1, 10, and 20 mg/kg BDE 209. Alterations that may be involved in the learning and memory deficits induced by BDE 209 reveal the possibility of synapse loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Li
- Department of Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City 646000, PR China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Experimental Teaching Center, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City 646000, PR China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City 646000, PR China
| | - Chengwei Yue
- Department of Prevention Medicine, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City 646000, PR China
| | - Yan Tang
- Experimental Teaching Center, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City 646000, PR China.
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17
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Weihe P, Bjerregaard P, Bonefeld-Jørgensen E, Dudarev A, Halling J, Hansen S, Muckle G, Nøst T, Odland JØ, Petersen MS, Rautio A, Veyhe AS, Wennberg M, Bergdahl I. Overview of ongoing cohort and dietary studies in the Arctic. Int J Circumpolar Health 2016; 75:33803. [PMID: 27974135 PMCID: PMC5156866 DOI: 10.3402/ijch.v75.33803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This article gives an overview of the ongoing cohort and dietary studies underlying the assessment of population health in the Arctic. The emphasis here is on a description of the material, methods and results or preliminary results for each study. Detailed exposure information is available in an article in this journal, whereas another paper describes the effects associated with contaminant exposure in the Arctic. The cohort descriptions have been arranged geographically, beginning in Norway and moving east to Finland, Sweden, Russia and the other Arctic countries and ultimately to the Faroe Islands. No cohort studies have been reported for Alaska or Iceland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pál Weihe
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, The Faroese Hospital System, Torshavn, Faroe Islands;
| | - Peter Bjerregaard
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Eva Bonefeld-Jørgensen
- Centre for Arctic Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Alexey Dudarev
- Northwest Public Health Research Center, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Jónrit Halling
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, The Faroese Hospital System, Torshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Solrunn Hansen
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gina Muckle
- École de Psychologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Therese Nøst
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jon Øyvind Odland
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Maria Skaalum Petersen
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, The Faroese Hospital System, Torshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Arja Rautio
- Thule Institute, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anna Sofía Veyhe
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Maria Wennberg
- Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ingvar Bergdahl
- Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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18
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Bonde JP, Flachs EM, Rimborg S, Glazer CH, Giwercman A, Ramlau-Hansen CH, Hougaard KS, Høyer BB, Hærvig KK, Petersen SB, Rylander L, Specht IO, Toft G, Bräuner EV. The epidemiologic evidence linking prenatal and postnatal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals with male reproductive disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update 2016; 23:104-125. [PMID: 27655588 PMCID: PMC5155570 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmw036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 20 years ago, it was hypothesized that exposure to prenatal and early
postnatal environmental xenobiotics with the potential to disrupt endogenous
hormone signaling might be on the causal path to cryptorchidism, hypospadias, low
sperm count and testicular cancer. Several consensus statements and narrative
reviews in recent years have divided the scientific community and have elicited a
call for systematic transparent reviews. We aimed to fill this gap in knowledge in
the field of male reproductive disorders. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The aim of this study was to systematically synthesize published data on the risk
of cryptorchidism, hypospadias, low sperm counts and testicular cancer following
in utero or infant exposure to chemicals that have been
included on the European Commission's list of Category 1 endocrine
disrupting chemicals defined as having documented adverse effects due to endocrine
disruption in at least one intact organism. SEARCH METHODS A systematic literature search for original peer reviewed papers was performed in
the databases PubMed and Embase to identify epidemiological studies reporting
associations between the outcomes of interest and exposures documented by
biochemical analyses of biospecimens including maternal blood or urine, placenta
or fat tissue as well as amnion fluid, cord blood or breast milk; this was
followed by meta-analysis of quantitative data. OUTCOMES The literature search resulted in 1314 references among which we identified 33
papers(28 study populations) fulfilling the eligibility criteria. These provided
85 risk estimates of links between persistent organic pollutants and rapidly
metabolized compounds (phthalates and Bisphenol A) and male reproductive
disorders. The overall odds ratio (OR) across all exposures and outcomes was 1.11
(95% CI 0.91–1.35). When assessing four specific chemical subgroups
with sufficient data for meta-analysis for all outcomes, we found that exposure to
one of the four compounds, p,p′-DDE, was related to an elevated risk: OR
1.35 (95% CI 1.04–1.74). The data did not indicate that this
increased risk was driven by any specific disorder. WIDER IMPLICATIONS The current epidemiological evidence is compatible with a small increased risk of
male reproductive disorders following prenatal and postnatal exposure to some
persistent environmental chemicals classified as endocrine disruptors but the
evidence is limited. Future epidemiological studies may change the weight of the
evidence in either direction. No evidence of distortion due to publication bias
was found, but exposure–response relationships are not evident. There are
insufficient data on rapidly metabolized endocrine disruptors and on specific
exposure–outcome relations. A particular data gap is evident with respect
to delayed effects on semen quality and testicular cancer. Although high quality
epidemiological studies are still sparse, future systematic and transparent
reviews may provide pieces of evidence contributing to the narrative and weight of
the evidence assessments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Peter Bonde
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark .,Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, DK-1016 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Esben Meulengracht Flachs
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark
| | - Susie Rimborg
- The Royal Library/ University of Copenhagen Library, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Clara Helene Glazer
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark
| | - Aleksander Giwercman
- Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Karin Sørig Hougaard
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Birgit Bjerre Høyer
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Katia Keglberg Hærvig
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark
| | - Sesilje Bondo Petersen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark
| | - Lars Rylander
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Lund, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ina Olmer Specht
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Toft
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Elvira Vaclavik Bräuner
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark.,Research Center for Prevention and Health (RCPH), University of Copenhagen, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark
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19
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Marder ME, Panuwet P, Hunter RE, Ryan PB, Marcus M, Barr DB. Quantification of Polybrominated and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Human Matrices by Isotope-Dilution Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Anal Toxicol 2016; 40:511-8. [PMID: 27445313 PMCID: PMC4986627 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkw041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a highly sensitive and selective analytical method capable of quantifying a total of 15 polybrominated and polychlorinated biphenyls (11 PBBs and 4 PCBs) in human serum. Samples were subjected to liquid-liquid extraction followed by solid-phase extraction prior to measurement using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring mode. Quantification was performed using isotope-dilution calibration covering a concentration range of 0.005-12.5 ng/mL. Limits of detection for all target compounds were in the low range (0.7-6.5 pg/mL). The method was validated using in-house pooled human serum fortified at two concentrations (0.5 ng/mL and 1.0 ng/mL), whole semen fortified at one concentration (0.25 ng/mL), and NIST Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1958, which includes five of the target compounds. Method accuracies for all target compounds ranged from 84 to 119% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of <19%. The measured values for the five target compounds present in the SRM agreed with the certified reference values (89-119% accuracy with RSDs <9%). As this method was developed to support ongoing epidemiologic investigations, we evaluated its suitability by analyzing subsets of serum and whole semen samples from the Michigan PBB Registry cohort. PBB-153, PCB-118, PCB-138, PCB-153 and PCB-180 were detected in all serum samples analyzed, with PBB-77 and PBB-101 detected less frequently in serum. PBB-153, PCB-118, PCB-138, PCB-153 and PCB-180 were detected in at least one whole semen sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elizabeth Marder
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Parinya Panuwet
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ronald E Hunter
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - P Barry Ryan
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Michele Marcus
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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20
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Liu X, Wen S, Li J, Zhang L, Zhao Y, Wu Y. A study on the levels of a polybrominated biphenyl in Chinese human milk samples collected in 2007 and 2011. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:515. [PMID: 27521000 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5530-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The levels of a 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromobiphenyl (BB-153) were measured in human milk samples collected in 2007 and 2011 from residents in China by high-resolution gas chromatography-high-resolution mass chromatography (HRGC-HRMS) with isotope dilution. The median concentrations of BB-153 from the samples collected in 2007 and 2011 were 8.3 and 7.2 pg/g lipid weight, respectively. The levels of BB-153 in the human milk collected from rural areas were not significantly different to those collected from the urban areas in China. Meanwhile, significant positive correlations were found between the levels of BB-153 in human milk and the consumption of animal-origin foods. In the present study, the mean levels of BB-153 in human milk from Chinese mothers were found to be lower than those from European and American mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health (CFSA) and China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, 7 Panjiayuannanli, Beijing, 100021, China
- Hubei Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 6 Zhuodaoquanbei Road, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Sheng Wen
- The Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health (CFSA) and China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, 7 Panjiayuannanli, Beijing, 100021, China.
- Hubei Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 6 Zhuodaoquanbei Road, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Jingguang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health (CFSA) and China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, 7 Panjiayuannanli, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health (CFSA) and China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, 7 Panjiayuannanli, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health (CFSA) and China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, 7 Panjiayuannanli, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yongning Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health (CFSA) and China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, 7 Panjiayuannanli, Beijing, 100021, China
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Ochoa-Martinez AC, Orta-Garcia ST, Rico-Escobar EM, Carrizales-Yañez L, Del Campo JDM, Pruneda-Alvarez LG, Ruiz-Vera T, Gonzalez-Palomo AK, Piña-Lopez IG, Torres-Dosal A, Pérez-Maldonado IN. Exposure Assessment to Environmental Chemicals in Children from Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 70:657-670. [PMID: 26987540 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-016-0273-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that the human biomonitoring of susceptible populations is a valuable method for the identification of critical contaminants. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the exposure profile for arsenic (As), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane (DDT), 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (DDE), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in children living in Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico (a major manufacturing center in Mexico). In 2012, we evaluated a total of 135 healthy children living in Ciudad Juarez since birth. The total PBDEs levels ranged from nondetectable (< LOD) to 215 ng/g lipid, with a mean total PBDEs level of 29.5 ± 53.0 ng/g lipid (geometric mean ± standard deviation). The mean total PCBs level in the study participants was 29.0 ± 10.5 ng/g lipid (range 4.50-50.0 ng/g lipid). The mean concentration of total DDT (DDT + DDE) was 11.9 ± 6.70 ng/g lipid (range 3.00-26.0 ng/g lipid). The mean 1-OHP levels was 1.2 ± 1.1 µmol/mol creatinine (range <LOD to 3.90 µmol/mol creatinine). Regarding heavy metals levels, the mean urinary As levels was 19.5 ± 3.07 µg/g creatinine, for urinary mercury the levels ranged from <LOD to 11.5 µg/L, with a mean value of 2.10 µg/L, and finally, the mean blood lead level was 4.20 ± 3.80 µg/dL. In conclusion, our data indicate high exposure levels to chemicals analyzed in the children living in the study community. Therefore, a biomonitoring program for the surveillance of the child population in Ciudad Juarez is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles C Ochoa-Martinez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Sandra T Orta-Garcia
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Edna M Rico-Escobar
- Escuela de Medicina y Nutrición, Universidad de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Leticia Carrizales-Yañez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Jorge D Martin Del Campo
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Lucia G Pruneda-Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Tania Ruiz-Vera
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Ana K Gonzalez-Palomo
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Iris G Piña-Lopez
- Hospital General de Zona con Medicina Familiar No. 1, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Arturo Torres-Dosal
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Unidad San Cristóbal, San Cristobal De Las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Ivan N Pérez-Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico.
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico.
- Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Zona Media, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico.
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Fromme H, Becher G, Hilger B, Völkel W. Brominated flame retardants – Exposure and risk assessment for the general population. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2016; 219:1-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Bellanger M, Demeneix B, Grandjean P, Zoeller RT, Trasande L. Neurobehavioral deficits, diseases, and associated costs of exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals in the European Union. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:1256-66. [PMID: 25742515 PMCID: PMC4399309 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-4323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Epidemiological studies and animal models demonstrate that endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) contribute to cognitive deficits and neurodevelopmental disabilities. OBJECTIVE The objective was to estimate neurodevelopmental disability and associated costs that can be reasonably attributed to EDC exposure in the European Union. DESIGN An expert panel applied a weight-of-evidence characterization adapted from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Exposure-response relationships and reference levels were evaluated for relevant EDCs, and biomarker data were organized from peer-reviewed studies to represent European exposure and approximate burden of disease. Cost estimation as of 2010 utilized lifetime economic productivity estimates, lifetime cost estimates for autism spectrum disorder, and annual costs for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Setting, Patients and Participants, and Intervention: Cost estimation was carried out from a societal perspective, ie, including direct costs (eg, treatment costs) and indirect costs such as productivity loss. RESULTS The panel identified a 70-100% probability that polybrominated diphenyl ether and organophosphate exposures contribute to IQ loss in the European population. Polybrominated diphenyl ether exposures were associated with 873,000 (sensitivity analysis, 148,000 to 2.02 million) lost IQ points and 3290 (sensitivity analysis, 3290 to 8080) cases of intellectual disability, at costs of €9.59 billion (sensitivity analysis, €1.58 billion to €22.4 billion). Organophosphate exposures were associated with 13.0 million (sensitivity analysis, 4.24 million to 17.1 million) lost IQ points and 59 300 (sensitivity analysis, 16,500 to 84,400) cases of intellectual disability, at costs of €146 billion (sensitivity analysis, €46.8 billion to €194 billion). Autism spectrum disorder causation by multiple EDCs was assigned a 20-39% probability, with 316 (sensitivity analysis, 126-631) attributable cases at a cost of €199 million (sensitivity analysis, €79.7 million to €399 million). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder causation by multiple EDCs was assigned a 20-69% probability, with 19 300 to 31 200 attributable cases at a cost of €1.21 billion to €2.86 billion. CONCLUSIONS EDC exposures in Europe contribute substantially to neurobehavioral deficits and disease, with a high probability of >€150 billion costs/year. These results emphasize the advantages of controlling EDC exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Bellanger
- EHESP School of Public Health (M.B.), Paris, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 7221 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/MNHN (B.D.), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 75005 Paris, France; Harvard School of Public Health (P.G.), Boston, Massachusetts 02115; University of Southern Denmark (P.G.), 5230 Odense, Denmark; University of Massachusetts (R.T.Z.), Amherst, Massachusetts 01003; New York University (NYU) School of Medicine (L.T.), New York, New York 10016; NYU Wagner School of Public Service (L.T.), New York, New York 10012; NYU Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development (L.T.), Department of Nutrition, Food & Public Health, New York, New York 10003; and NYU Global Institute of Public Health (L.T.), New York, New York 10003
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Linares V, Bellés M, Domingo JL. Human exposure to PBDE and critical evaluation of health hazards. Arch Toxicol 2015; 89:335-56. [PMID: 25637414 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1457-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are used in large quantities as flame-retardant additives in a number of commercial products. Biomonitoring data show that, in recent years, PBDE concentrations have increased rapidly in the bodies of wildlife and humans. Usually, PBDE levels in North America have been reported to be higher than those in Europe and Asia. Moreover, body burden of PBDEs is three- to ninefold higher in infants and toddlers than in adults, showing these last two age groups the highest levels of these compounds, due to exposure via maternal milk and through dust. Tetra-, Penta-, and Hexa-BDEs are the isomers most commonly found in humans. Based on studies on experimental animals, the toxicological endpoints of exposure to PBDEs are likely to be thyroid homeostasis disruption, neurodevelopmental deficits, reproductive changes, and even cancer. Experimental studies in animals and epidemiological observations in humans suggest that PBDEs may be developmental neurotoxicants. Pre- and/or postnatal exposure to PBDEs may cause long-lasting behavioral abnormalities, particularly on motor activity and cognition. This paper is focused on reviewing the current status of PBDEs in the environment, as well as the critical adverse health effects based on the recent studies on the toxic effects of PBDEs.
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Fromme H, Albrecht M, Appel M, Hilger B, Völkel W, Liebl B, Roscher E. PCBs, PCDD/Fs, and PBDEs in blood samples of a rural population in South Germany. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2015; 218:41-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Bramwell L, Fernandes A, Rose M, Harrad S, Pless-Mulloli T. PBDEs and PBBs in human serum and breast milk from cohabiting UK couples. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 116:67-74. [PMID: 24745556 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of PBDEs and PBBs were measured in matched blood and breast milk samples from 10 UK couples collected in 2011-12. These data are the first measurements in human serum from the UK since the 2004 EU ban on all uses of the penta-and octa-BDE formulations and the 2008 ban on the use of the deca-BDE formulation in some applications. Serum ∑PBDE tri-hepta concentrations ranging from 1.0 to 16 ng g(-1) lipid weight, with median 4.0 ng g(-1) lw were measured. Breast milk ∑PBDE tri-hepta concentrations ranged from 1.3 to 21 ng g(-1) lw, with median 5.7 ng g(-1) lw. Couples had similar serum congener concentrations unless one of them frequently stayed away from home for work (different diet and dust exposures) or one had occupational exposure to foams and furnishings or electronics. BB-153 were measured above LOD in 40% of sera and 100% of breast milks samples, with median concentrations of 0.04 and 0.06, and maximums of 0.91 and 0.79 ng g(-1) lw respectively. Concentrations in this study indicated a modest decrease from pre-ban levels reported for the UK. BDE-209 was detected above the limit of detection (LOD) in 15% of sera and 83% of breast milks, with ranges <1.2-20 and <0.2-1.0 ng g(-1) lw respectively. Average daily infant intakes were estimated at 17, 5, 5 and 3 ng kg(-1) bw for BDE-47,-99,-153 and -209 respectively, all well below relevant US-EPA threshold reference dose values (RfDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Bramwell
- Institute of Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK.
| | - Alwyn Fernandes
- Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK
| | - Martin Rose
- Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK
| | - Stuart Harrad
- Birmingham University, School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Tanja Pless-Mulloli
- Institute of Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK
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Degroote S, Hunting D, Sébire G, Takser L. Autistic-like traits in Lewis rats exposed perinatally to a mixture of common endocrine disruptors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4161/23273747.2014.976123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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28
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Exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers and male reproductive function in Greenland, Poland and Ukraine. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 43:1-7. [PMID: 24513925 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Animal and a few human studies suggest that polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) may affect male reproductive function. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if male reproductive function was associated with serum level of PBDEs. We evaluated, in a cross-sectional study, the effects of environmental exposure to BDE-47 and BDE-153 on reproductive hormones and semen quality, including markers of DNA damage and apoptosis, in 299 spouses of pregnant women from Greenland, Poland and Ukraine. Adjusted linear regression models indicated no strong associations between BDE-47 or BDE-153 exposure and markers of male semen quality or reproductive hormones. In the largest study to date we demonstrate that BDE-47 and BDE-153 exposure was not associated with altered semen characteristics or reproductive hormones, indicating that male reproductive function is not affected by the exposure level of these compounds in fertile European or Arctic populations.
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Orta-García S, Pérez-Vázquez F, González-Vega C, Varela-Silva JA, Hernández-González L, Pérez-Maldonado I. Concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in human blood samples from Mexico City, Mexico. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 472:496-501. [PMID: 24300460 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Studies in Mexico have demonstrated exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in people living in different sites through the country. However, studies evaluating exposure to POPs in people living in Mexico City (one of most contaminated places in the world) are scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolite dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) in the blood as exposure biomarkers in people living in Mexico City. A total of 123 participants (blood donors aged 20-60 years) were recruited during 2010 in Mexico City. Quantitative analyses of blood samples were performed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Levels of the assessed compounds ranged from non-detectable (<LOD) to 350 ng/g lipid; from 8.20 to 91.0 ng/g lipid and from <LOD to 34.0 ng/g lipid for total PBDEs, total PCBs and total DDT, respectively. The current study indicates POP exposure in the people assessed and highlights the need for further biomonitoring studies of these POPs in the region. In this regard, biomonitoring of toxins on a global scale may be the first step towards the prevention of toxin-induced illnesses in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Orta-García
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico; Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Zona Media, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Rioverde, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Francisco Pérez-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Carolina González-Vega
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - José Antonio Varela-Silva
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | | | - Iván Pérez-Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico; Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Mexico.
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