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Scholten C, Ghasoub M, Geeraert B, Joshi S, Wedderburn CJ, Roos A, Subramoney S, Hoffman N, Narr K, Woods R, Zar HJ, Stein DJ, Donald K, Lebel C. Prenatal tobacco and alcohol exposure, white matter microstructure, and early language skills in toddlers from a South African birth cohort. Front Integr Neurosci 2024; 18:1438888. [PMID: 39286039 PMCID: PMC11402807 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2024.1438888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tobacco and alcohol are the two most common substances used during pregnancy, and both can disrupt neurodevelopment, resulting in cognitive and behavioral deficits including language difficulties. Previous studies show that children with prenatal substance exposure exhibit microstructural alterations in major white matter pathways, though few studies have investigated the impact of prenatal substance exposure on white matter microstructure and language skills during the toddler years. Methods In this study, 93 children (34 exposed to alcohol and/or tobacco) aged 23 years from the Drakenstein Child Health Study, South Africa, completed Expressive and Receptive Communication assessments from the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (BSID-III) and underwent diffusion MRI scans. Diffusion images were preprocessed, and 11 major white matter tracts were isolated. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were extracted for each white matter tract. Linear regression was used to examine differences between the tobacco/alcohol exposed group and unexposed controls for FA, MD, and language scores, as well as relationships between brain metrics and language. There were no significant group differences in language scores or FA. Results Children with alcohol or tobacco exposure had lower average MD in the splenium of the corpus callosum compared to unexposed controls. Significant interactions between prenatal substance exposure and language scores were seen in 7 tracts but did not survive multiple comparisons correction. Discussion Our findings show that prenatal alcohol and/or tobacco exposure appear to alter the relationship between white matter microstructure and early language skills in this population of toddlers, potentially laying the basis of language deficits observed later in older children with prenatal substance exposure, which may have implications for learning and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Scholten
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mohammad Ghasoub
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Bryce Geeraert
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Shantanu Joshi
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Catherine J Wedderburn
- Division of Developmental Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Annerine Roos
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Unit of Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sivenesi Subramoney
- Division of Developmental Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nadia Hoffman
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Katherine Narr
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioural Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Roger Woods
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioural Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- The Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behaviour, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Heather J Zar
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Unit on Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dan J Stein
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Unit of Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kirsten Donald
- Division of Developmental Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Catherine Lebel
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Serra M, Simola N, Pollack AE, Costa G. Brain dysfunctions and neurotoxicity induced by psychostimulants in experimental models and humans: an overview of recent findings. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1908-1918. [PMID: 38227515 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.390971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical studies indicate that psychostimulants, in addition to having abuse potential, may elicit brain dysfunctions and/or neurotoxic effects. Central toxicity induced by psychostimulants may pose serious health risks since the recreational use of these substances is on the rise among young people and adults. The present review provides an overview of recent research, conducted between 2018 and 2023, focusing on brain dysfunctions and neurotoxic effects elicited in experimental models and humans by amphetamine, cocaine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, methylphenidate, caffeine, and nicotine. Detailed elucidation of factors and mechanisms that underlie psychostimulant-induced brain dysfunction and neurotoxicity is crucial for understanding the acute and enduring noxious brain effects that may occur in individuals who use psychostimulants for recreational and/or therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Serra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Nicola Simola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alexia E Pollack
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts-Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giulia Costa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Hartwell M, Bloom M, Elenwo C, Gooch T, Dunn K, Breslin F, Croff JM. Association of prenatal substance exposure and the development of the amygdala, hippocampus, and parahippocampus. J Osteopath Med 2024; 0:jom-2023-0277. [PMID: 38915228 DOI: 10.1515/jom-2023-0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Prenatal substance exposure (PSE) can lead to various harmful outcomes for the developing fetus and is linked to many emotional, behavioral, and cognitive difficulties later in life. Therefore, examination of the relationship between the development of associated brain structures and PSE is important for the development of more specific or new preventative methods. OBJECTIVES Our study's primary objective was to examine the relationship between the physical development of the amygdala, hippocampus, and parahippocampus following prenatal alcohol, tobacco, and prescription opioid exposure. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, a longitudinal neuroimaging study that measures brain morphometry from childhood throughout adolescence. Data were collected from approximately 12,000 children (ages 9 and 10) and parents across 22 sites within the United States. Prenatal opioid, tobacco, and alcohol use was determined through parent self-report of use during pregnancy. We extracted variables assessing the volumetric size (mm3) of the amygdala, hippocampus, and parahippocampal gyrus as well as brain volume, poverty level, age, sex, and race/ethnicity for controls within our adjusted models. We reported sociodemographic characteristics of the sample overall and by children who had PSE. We calculated and reported the means of each of the specific brain regions by substance exposure. Finally, we constructed multivariable regression models to measure the associations between different PSE and the demographic characteristics, total brain volume, and volume of each brain structure. RESULTS Among the total sample, 24.6% had prenatal alcohol exposure, 13.6% had prenatal tobacco exposure, and 1.2% had prenatal opioid exposure. On average, those with prenatal tobacco exposure were found to have a statistically significant smaller parahippocampus. CONCLUSIONS We found a significant association between prenatal tobacco exposure and smaller parahippocampal volume, which may have profound impacts on the livelihood of individuals including motor delays, poor cognitive and behavioral outcomes, and long-term health consequences. Given the cumulative neurodevelopmental effects associated with PSE, we recommend that healthcare providers increase screening rates, detection, and referrals for cessation. Additionally, we recommend that medical associations lobby policymakers to address upstream barriers to the effective identification of at-risk pregnant individuals, specifically, eliminating or significantly reducing punitive legal consequences stemming from state laws concerning prenatal substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah Hartwell
- Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Director of Office of Medical Student Research, Office of Medical Student Research, 12373 Oklahoma State University College of Osteopathic Medicine at Cherokee Nation , Tahlequah, OK, USA
| | - Molly Bloom
- Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Covenant Elenwo
- Office of Medical Student Research, 12373 Oklahoma State University College of Osteopathic Medicine at Cherokee Nation , Tahlequah, OK, USA
| | - Trey Gooch
- Office of Medical Student Research, 12373 Oklahoma State University College of Osteopathic Medicine at Cherokee Nation , Tahlequah, OK, USA
| | - Kelly Dunn
- Clinical Assistant Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Florence Breslin
- Program Director of Clinical Registry Systems, Department of Rural Health, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Julie M Croff
- Executive Director of Clinical and Population Research, National Center for Wellness and Recovery, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Professor, Department of Rural Health, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
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Neophytou AM, Aalborg J, Magzamen S, Moore BF, Ferrara A, Karagas MR, Trasande L, Dabelea D. Bridging Differences in Cohort Analyses of the Relationship between Secondhand Smoke Exposure during Pregnancy and Birth Weight: The Transportability Framework in the ECHO Program. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:57007. [PMID: 38771935 PMCID: PMC11108581 DOI: 10.1289/ehp13961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estimates for the effects of environmental exposures on health outcomes, including secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure, often present considerable variability across studies. Knowledge of the reasons behind these differences can aid our understanding of effects in specific populations as well as inform practices of combining data from multiple studies. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the presence of effect modification by measured sociodemographic characteristics on the effect of SHS exposure during pregnancy on birth weights that may drive differences observed across cohorts. We also aimed to quantify the extent to which differences in the cohort mean effects observed across cohorts in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) consortium are due to differing distributions of these characteristics. METHODS We assessed the presence of effect modification and transportability of effect estimates across five ECHO cohorts in a total of 6,771 mother-offspring dyads. We assessed the presence of effect modification via gradient boosting of regression trees based on the H-statistic. We estimated individual cohort effects using linear models and targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE). We then estimated transported effects from one cohort to each of the remaining cohorts using a robust nonparametric estimation approach relying on TMLE estimators and compared them to the original effect estimates for these cohorts. RESULTS Observed effect estimates varied across the five cohorts, ranging from significantly lower birth weight associated with exposure [- 167.3 g ; 95% confidence interval (CI): - 270.4 , - 64.1 ] to higher birth weight with wide CIs, including the null (42.4 g ; 95% CI: - 15.0 , 99.8). Transported effect estimates only minimally explained differences in the point estimates for two out of the four cohort pairs. DISCUSSION Our findings of weak to moderate evidence of effect modification and transportability indicate that unmeasured individual-level and contextual factors and sources of bias may be responsible for differences in the effect estimates observed across ECHO cohorts. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13961.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas M. Neophytou
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Jenny Aalborg
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sheryl Magzamen
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Brianna F. Moore
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Assiamira Ferrara
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Margaret R. Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Greenwood PB, DeSerisy M, Koe E, Rodriguez E, Salas L, Perera FP, Herbstman J, Pagliaccio D, Margolis AE. Combined and sequential exposure to prenatal second hand smoke and postnatal maternal distress is associated with cingulo-opercular global efficiency and attention problems in school-age children. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2024; 102:107338. [PMID: 38431065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to secondhand (environmental) tobacco smoke (SHS) is associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes, including altered functional activation of cognitive control brain circuitry and increased attention problems in children. Exposure to SHS is more common among Black youth who are also disproportionately exposed to socioeconomic disadvantage and concomitant maternal distress. We examine the combined effects of exposure to prenatal SHS and postnatal maternal distress on the global efficiency (GE) of the brain's cingulo-opercular (CO) and fronto-parietal control (FP) networks in childhood, as well as associated attention problems. METHODS Thirty-two children of non-smoking mothers followed in a prospective longitudinal birth cohort at the Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health (CCCEH) completed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at ages 7-9 years old. GE scores were extracted from general connectivity data collected while children completed the Simon Spatial Incompatibility functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) task. Prenatal SHS was measured using maternal urinary cotinine from the third trimester; postnatal maternal distress was assessed at child age 5 using the Psychiatric Epidemiology Research Interview (PERI-D). The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) measured Attention and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) problems at ages 7-9. Linear regressions examined the interaction between prenatal SHS and postnatal maternal distress on the GE of the CO or FP networks, as well as associations between exposure-related network alterations and attention problems. All models controlled for age, sex, maternal education at prenatal visit, race/ethnicity, global brain correlation, and mean head motion. RESULTS The prenatal SHS by postnatal maternal distress interaction term associated with the GE of the CO network (β = 0.673, Bu = 0.042, t(22) = 2.427, p = .024, D = 1.42, 95% CI [0.006, 0.079], but not the FP network (β = 0.138, Bu = 0.006, t(22) = 0.434, p = .668, 95% CI [-0.022, 0.033]). Higher GE of the CO network was associated with more attention problems (β = 0.472, Bu = 43.076, t(23) = 2.780, p = .011, D = 1.74, n = 31, 95% CI [11.024, 75.128], n = 31) and ADHD risk (β = 0.436, Bu = 21.961, t(29) = 2.567, p = .018, D = 1.81, 95% CI [4.219, 39.703], n = 30). CONCLUSIONS These preliminary findings suggest that sequential prenatal SHS exposure and postnatal maternal distress could alter the efficiency of the CO network and increase risk for downstream attention problems and ADHD. These findings are consistent with prior studies showing that prenatal SHS exposure is associated with altered function of brain regions that support cognitive control and with ADHD problems. Our model also identifies postnatal maternal distress as a significant moderator of this association. These data highlight the combined neurotoxic effects of exposure to prenatal SHS and postnatal maternal distress. Critically, such exposures are disproportionately distributed among youth from minoritized groups, pointing to potential pathways to known mental health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige B Greenwood
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mariah DeSerisy
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emily Koe
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth Rodriguez
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leilani Salas
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frederica P Perera
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julie Herbstman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Pagliaccio
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amy E Margolis
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
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Rodriguez Rivera PJ, Liang H, Isaiah A, Cloak CC, Menken MS, Ryan MC, Ernst T, Chang L. Prenatal tobacco exposure on brain morphometry partially mediated poor cognitive performance in preadolescent children. NEUROIMMUNE PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS 2023; 2:375-386. [PMID: 38058999 PMCID: PMC10696570 DOI: 10.1515/nipt-2023-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate whether prenatal tobacco exposure (PTE) is related to poorer cognitive performance, abnormal brain morphometry, and whether poor cognitive performance is mediated by PTE-related structural brain differences. Methods The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study dataset was used to compare structural MRI data and neurocognitive (NIH Toolbox®) scores in 9-to-10-year-old children with (n=620) and without PTE (n=10,989). We also evaluated whether PTE effects on brain morphometry mediated PTE effects on neurocognitive scores. Group effects were evaluated using Linear Mixed Models, covaried for socio-demographics and prenatal exposures to alcohol and/or marijuana, and corrected for multiple comparisons using the false-discovery rate (FDR). Results Compared to unexposed children, those with PTE had poorer performance (all p-values <0.05) on executive function, working memory, episodic memory, reading decoding, crystallized intelligence, fluid intelligence and overall cognition. Exposed children also had thinner parahippocampal gyri, smaller surface areas in the posterior-cingulate and pericalcarine cortices; the lingual and inferior parietal gyri, and smaller thalamic volumes (all p-values <0.001). Furthermore, among children with PTE, girls had smaller surface areas in the superior-frontal (interaction-FDR-p=0.01), precuneus (interaction-FDR-p=0.03) and postcentral gyri (interaction-FDR-p=0.02), while boys had smaller putamen volumes (interaction-FDR-p=0.02). Smaller surface areas across regions of the frontal and parietal lobes, and lower thalamic volumes, partially mediated the associations between PTE and poorer neurocognitive scores (p-values <0.001). Conclusions Our findings suggest PTE may lead to poorer cognitive performance and abnormal brain morphometry, with sex-specific effects in some brain regions, in pre-adolescent children. The poor cognition in children with PTE may result from the smaller areas and subcortical brain volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J. Rodriguez Rivera
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Huajun Liang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amal Isaiah
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christine C. Cloak
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Miriam S. Menken
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Meghann C. Ryan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Ernst
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Linda Chang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Liu R, Pagliaccio D, Herbstman JB, Fox NA, Margolis AE. Prenatal exposure to air pollution and childhood internalizing problems: roles of shyness and anterior cingulate cortex activity. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023; 64:1037-1044. [PMID: 36789477 PMCID: PMC10272087 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to air pollution increases the risk for psychiatric disorders characterized by internalizing problems. In this study, we examined the roles of shyness and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) activity in the association between prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and children's internalizing problems at 7-9 years old. METHODS Participants include 53 children (31 girls, 22 boys). Personal air monitoring was conducted over 48 continuous hours during the third trimester of pregnancy to measure 8 PAHs. Mothers reported children's shyness (Emotionality Activity Sociability Temperament Survey) at age 5 and internalizing problems (Child Behavior Checklist) at ages 7-9. ACC activity was measured by fMRI during the Simon Spatial Incompatibility task at ages 7-9. RESULTS Shyness mediated the association between prenatal PAH exposure and internalizing problems. Higher prenatal PAH exposure predicted increased shyness, which in turn predicted greater internalizing problems. Moreover, left ACC activity during the Simon task moderated the association between prenatal PAH exposure and internalizing problems. Prenatal PAH exposure predicted increased risk for internalizing problems only when children showed heightened left ACC activity during the resolution of cognitive conflict. CONCLUSIONS Our study innovatively synthesizes the fields of developmental psychology and environmental health science to offer new insights into the risk factors for anxiety disorders. Facilitating the development of healthy reactive and regulatory processes may improve the developmental outcomes for children highly exposed to air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Liu
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - David Pagliaccio
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julie B. Herbstman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nathan A. Fox
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | - Amy E. Margolis
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Zhang Y, Wan Y, Liu H, Qian X, Ma J, Xu S, Xia W, Li Y. Low level of urinary cotinine in pregnant women also matters: variability, exposure characteristics, and association with oxidative stress markers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27624-8. [PMID: 37328725 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27624-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
China has relatively high indoor contamination of nicotine, according to recent publications. Therefore, nicotine exposure risks for sensitive populations such as pregnant women in China are of concern. The variability of its internal exposure levels across three trimesters among pregnant women is not well documented. Factors related with nicotine exposure across pregnancy and its associations with oxidative stress markers are also understudied. Based on a birth cohort, we measured concentrations of cotinine (a major metabolite of nicotine) and oxidative stress markers including 8-OHdG, 8-OHG, and HNE-MA in urine samples collected at three trimesters from 1,155 pregnant women enrolled between January 2014 and June 2017 in Wuhan, China. The variability of urinary cotinine across the trimesters, potential factors associated with it, as well as the relationships between urinary cotinine and oxidative stress markers were assessed in pregnant women with cotinine concentrations of < 50 ng/mL (the cutoff value to distinguish smokers and non-smokers). Urinary specific gravity adjusted median concentrations of cotinine (ng/mL) in the entire pregnancy, first, second, and third trimester were 3.04, 3.32, 3.36, and 2.50, respectively, which exhibited fair reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.47) across pregnancy. Most participants had an estimated daily intake of nicotine higher than the acceptable value (100 ng/kg-bw/day) recommended by the UK and the USA. Maternal age, education level, pre-pregnancy body mass index, and sampling seasons were related to urinary concentrations of cotinine. After adjusting for confounding factors, significant positive relationships (β; 95% confidence interval) were observed between urinary cotinine concentrations and 8-OHdG (0.28; 0.25, 0.30), 8-OHG (0.27; 0.25, 0.29), and HNE-MA (0.27; 0.21, 0.32), respectively (p < 0.01). These results lend insight into the major factors associated with nicotine exposure of pregnant women at environmentally relevant levels and its potential effect on oxidative stress with a large sample size, and warrant the necessity of reducing the exposure in sensitive populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjian Wan
- Center for Public Health Laboratory Service, Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention & Control, Wuhan, Hubei, 430024, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Qian
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaolong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Margolis AE, Lee SH, Liu R, Goolsby L, Champagne F, Herbstman J, Beebe B. Associations between prenatal exposure to second hand smoke and infant self-regulation in a New York city longitudinal prospective birth cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 227:115652. [PMID: 36894114 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to active or passive maternal smoking -also referred to as second hand smoke (SHS) exposure - are associated with externalizing behaviors, hyperactivity and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, problems which derive in part from altered self-regulation. OBJECTIVES Determine the influence of prenatal SHS on infant self-regulation using direct measures of infant behavior in 99 mothers from the Fair Start birth cohort followed at the Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health. METHODS Self-regulation was operationalized with self-contingency, the likelihood of maintaining/changing behavior from second-to-second, measured via split-screen video recordings of mothers playing with their 4-month infants. Mother and infant facial and vocal affect, gaze-on/-off partner, and mother touch were coded on a 1 s time-base. Third trimester prenatal SHS was assessed via self-report of a smoker in the home. Weighted-lag time-series models tested conditional effects of SHS-exposure (vs. non-exposure) on infant self-contingency for eight modality-pairings (e.g., mother gaze-infant gaze). Individual-seconds time-series models and analysis of predicted values at t0 interrogated significant weighted-lag findings. Because prior findings link developmental risk factors with lowered self-contingency, we hypothesized that prenatal SHSSHS would predict lowered infant self-contingency. RESULTS Relative to non-exposed infants, those who were prenatally exposed to SHS had lower self-contingency (more variable behavior) in all eight models. Follow-up analyses showed that, given infants were likely to be in the most negative facial or vocal affect, those with prenatal SHS were more likely to make larger behavioral changes, moving into less negative or more positive affect and to alternate between gaze-on and off mother. Mothers who were exposed to SHS during pregnancy (vs. non-exposed) showed a similar, albeit less prevalent, pattern of larger changes out of negative facial affect. CONCLUSION These findings extend prior work linking prenatal SHS with youth dysregulated behavior, showing similar effects in infancy, a critically important period that sthe stage for future child development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Margolis
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Sang Han Lee
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, The Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
| | - Ran Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lindsay Goolsby
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Frances Champagne
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Julie Herbstman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Beatrice Beebe
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
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10
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Alonso F, Rath J, Ramírez AS, Cantrell J, Jordan A, Suarez S, Moran MB. Perceptions of and Experiences With Cigarette and E-Cigarette Use Among a Diverse Population of US Latino Adolescents and Young Adults. Am J Health Promot 2023; 37:646-653. [PMID: 36608694 PMCID: PMC10663052 DOI: 10.1177/08901171221151125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine potential unique factors influencing cigarette and e-cigarette use in US Latino youth. APPROACH We conducted a qualitative study assessing cigarette and e-cigarette perceptions and experiences, including experiences with/perceptions of the products, cultural influences and influences of friends and family. SETTING Four online discussion boards, conducted in October 2020. PARTICIPANTS 92 Latino youth aged 15-21 years living in the US. METHOD Data from the discussion groups were coded and analyzed by three trained coders using a thematic analysis approach. RESULTS Stress relief emerged as the dominant theme connected with both cigarettes and e-cigarettes. Apart from stress, perceptions of and experiences with the products differed. E-cigarettes were commonly viewed as trendy and cool and participants often reported using them due to curiosity and popularity. Participants commonly compared e-cigarettes to cigarettes, noting benefits of e-cigarettes. Participants also noted more negative short and long-term health effects of cigarette use, and discussed generational differences between the two products. CONCLUSION Findings from this study help address a dearth of research examining tobacco use among diverse groups of Latino youth. Findings indicate that despite differences in country of heritage, Latino youth are united by similar opinions about cigarettes and e-cigarettes. Additionally, they share cultural values and experiences which could be leveraged for tobacco control communications that cut across populations of Latino youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Alonso
- Department of Health, Behavior & Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jessica Rath
- Department of Health, Behavior & Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Schroeder Institute at Truth Initiative, Washington, DC, USA
| | - A. Susana Ramírez
- Department of Public Health, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Cantrell
- Department of Social and Behavioral Science, New York University School of Global Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ashton Jordan
- Department of Health, Behavior & Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sebastian Suarez
- Leonard N. Stern School of Business, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meghan B. Moran
- Department of Health, Behavior & Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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11
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Fuemmeler BF, Glasgow TE, Schechter JC, Maguire R, Sheng Y, Bidopia T, Barsell DJ, Ksinan A, Zhang J, Lin Y, Hoyo C, Murphy S, Qin J, Wang X, Kollins S. Prenatal and Childhood Smoke Exposure Associations with Cognition, Language, and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. J Pediatr 2023; 256:77-84.e1. [PMID: 36513211 PMCID: PMC10962780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the relationships of prenatal and childhood smoke exposure with specific neurodevelopmental and behavioral problems during early childhood. STUDY DESIGN A subsample (n = 386) of mother-child dyads from the Newborn Epigenetic Study (NEST) prebirth cohort participated in the study. Cotinine concentrations were used to objectively measure prenatal and childhood smoke exposure when youth were aged 3-13 years. Multivariable regression models were used to estimate associations of prenatal and childhood cotinine concentrations with performance on the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and behavioral symptoms, measured using the Behavior Assessment System for Children, 2nd edition (BASC-2). RESULTS After adjusting for confounders, childhood cotinine concentrations were associated with poorer cognitive performance on tasks measuring cognitive flexibility (B = -1.29; P = .03), episodic memory (B = -0.97; P = .02), receptive language development (B = -0.58; P = .01), and inhibitory control and attention (B = -1.59; P = .006). Although childhood cotinine concentration was associated with higher levels of attention problems (B = 0.83; P = .004) on the BASC-2, after adjustment for confounders, the association is nonsignificant. Although associations for maternal cotinine concentrations were null, an interaction was detected between prenatal and childhood cotinine concentrations on the NIH Toolbox Picture Vocabulary Task (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that childhood tobacco smoke exposure may lead to poorer attention regulation and language acquisition, complex visual processing ability, and attention problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard F Fuemmeler
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA.
| | - Trevin E Glasgow
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Julia C Schechter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Rachel Maguire
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Tatyana Bidopia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - D Jeremy Barsell
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Albert Ksinan
- Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Yan Lin
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Cathrine Hoyo
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Susan Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Jian Qin
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiangtian Wang
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC
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12
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Margolis AE, Cohen JW, Ramphal B, Thomas L, Rauh V, Herbstman J, Pagliaccio D. Prenatal Exposure to Air Pollution and Early Life Stress Effects on Hippocampal Subregional Volumes and Associations with Visual-Spatial Reasoning. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 2:292-300. [PMID: 35978944 PMCID: PMC9380862 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Children from economically distressed families and neighborhoods are at risk for stress and pollution exposure and potential neurotoxic sequelae. We examine dimensions of early-life stress affecting hippocampal volumes, how prenatal exposure to air pollution might magnify these effects, and associations between hippocampal volumes and visuospatial reasoning. Methods Fifty-three Hispanic/Latinx and/or Black children of ages 7 to 9 years were recruited from a longitudinal birth cohort for magnetic resonance imaging and cognitive assessment. Exposure to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was measured during the third trimester of pregnancy. Maternal report of psychosocial stress was collected at child age 5 and served as measures of early-life stress. Whole hippocampus and subfield volumes were extracted using FreeSurfer. Wechsler performance IQ measured visuospatial reasoning. Results Maternal perceived stress associated with smaller right hippocampal volume among their children (B = −0.57, t34 = −3.05, 95% CI, −0.95 to −0.19). Prenatal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon moderated the association between maternal perceived stress and right CA1, CA3, and CA4/dentate gyrus volumes (B ≥ 0.68, t33 ≥ 2.17) such that higher prenatal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure magnified negative associations between stress and volume, whereas this was buffered at lower exposure. Right CA3 and CA4/dentate gyrus volumes (B ≥ 0.35, t33 > 2.16) were associated with greater performance IQ. Conclusions Prenatal and early-life exposures to chemical and social stressors are likely compounding. Socioeconomic deprivation and disparities increase risk of these exposures that exert critical neurobiological effects. Developing deeper understandings of these complex interactions will facilitate more focused public health strategies to protect and foster the development of children at greatest risk of mental and physical effects associated with poverty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E. Margolis
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Address correspondence to Amy Margolis, Ph.D.
| | - Jacob W. Cohen
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Bruce Ramphal
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Lauren Thomas
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Virginia Rauh
- Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Julie Herbstman
- Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - David Pagliaccio
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
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13
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Impact of Electronic Cigarette Vaping on Cerebral Ischemia: What We Know So Far. Transl Stroke Res 2022; 13:923-938. [DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01011-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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14
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Cecil KM. Pediatric Exposures to Neurotoxicants: A Review of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Findings. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12030641. [PMID: 35328193 PMCID: PMC8947432 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12030641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals, including lead and manganese, air pollution, pesticides, environmental tobacco smoke, and flame retardants are among the known and suspected environmental neurotoxicant exposures examined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based studies of pediatric populations. Many studies feature morphological changes associated with the exposures while others employ magnetic resonance spectroscopy, diffusion imaging, task-based, and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging to reveal abnormal metabolic concentrations, white matter disorganization, and atypical patterns of activation. Some studies follow pregnant women and their offspring throughout the lifespan with collection of individual specimens as exposure biomarkers. Others innovatively make use of public databases to obtain relevant exposure biomarkers while taking advantage of these studies in their efforts to monitor developmental features in large, population-based, imaging cohorts. As exposures to neurotoxicants in the womb and throughout childhood have life-long impacts on health and well-being, the importance of these innovative neuroimaging investigations is ever increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim M Cecil
- Departments of Radiology and Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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15
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Polli FS, Kohlmeier KA. Prenatal nicotine alters development of the laterodorsal tegmentum: Possible role for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and drug dependence. World J Psychiatry 2022; 12:212-235. [PMID: 35317337 PMCID: PMC8900586 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i2.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As we cycle between the states of wakefulness and sleep, a bilateral cholinergic nucleus in the pontine brain stem, the laterodorsal tegmentum (LDT), plays a critical role in controlling salience processing, attention, behavioral arousal, and electrophysiological signatures of the sub- and microstates of sleep. Disorders involving abnormal alterations in behavioral and motivated states, such as drug dependence, likely involve dysfunctions in LDT signaling. In addition, as the LDT exhibits connectivity with the thalamus and mesocortical circuits, as well as receives direct, excitatory input from the prefrontal cortex, a role for the LDT in cognitive symptoms characterizing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) including impulsivity, inflexibility, and dysfunctions of attention is suggested. Prenatal nicotine exposure (PNE) is associated with a higher risk for later life development of drug dependence and ADHD, suggesting alteration in development of brain regions involved in these behaviors. PNE has been shown to alter glutamate and cholinergic signaling within the LDT. As glutamate and acetylcholine are major excitatory mediators, these alterations would likely alter excitatory output to target regions in limbic motivational circuits and to thalamic and cortical networks mediating executive control. Further, PNE alters neuronal development and transmission within prefrontal cortex and limbic areas that send input to the LDT, which would compound effects of differential processing within the PNE LDT. When taken together, alterations in signaling in the LDT are likely to play a role in negative behavioral outcomes seen in PNE individuals, including a heightened risk of drug dependence and ADHD behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip S Polli
- Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Kristi A Kohlmeier
- Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
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