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Chen S, Liu D, Huang L, Guo C, Gao X, Xu Z, Yang Z, Chen Y, Li M, Yang J. Global associations between long-term exposure to PM 2.5 constituents and health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 474:134715. [PMID: 38838524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Existing studies on the most impactful component remain controversial, hindering the optimization of future air quality standards that concerns particle composition. We aimed to summarize the health risk associated with PM2.5 components and identify those components with the greatest health risk. We performed a meta-analysis to quantify the combined health effects of PM2.5 components, and used the meta-smoothing to produce the pooled concentration-response (C-R) curves. Out of 8954 initial articles, 80 cohort studies met the inclusion criteria, including a total of 198.08 million population. The pooled C-R curves demonstrated approximately J-shaped association between total mortality and exposure to BC, and NO3-, but U-shaped and inverted U-shaped relationship withSO42- and OC, respectively. In addition, this study found that exposure to various elements, including BC,SO42-NO3-, NH4+, Zn, Ni, and Si, were significantly associated with an increased risk of total mortality, with Ni presenting the largest estimate. And exposure to NO3-, Zn, and Si was positively associated with an increased risk of respiratory mortality, while exposure to BC, SO42-, and NO3- showed a positive association with risk of cardiovascular mortality. For health outcome of morbidity, BC was notably associated with a higher incidence of asthma, type 2 diabetes and stroke. Subgroup analysis revealed a higher susceptibility to PM2.5 components in Asia compared to Europe and North America, and females showed a higher vulnerability. Given the significant health effects of PM2.5 components, governments are advised to introduce them in regional monitoring and air quality control guidelines. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: PM2.5 is a complex mixture of chemical components from various sources, and each component has unique physicochemical properties and uncertain toxicity, posing significant threat to public health. This study systematically reviewed cohort studies on the association between long-term exposure to 13 PM2.5 components and the risk of morbidity and mortality. And we applied the meta-smoothing approach to establish the pooled concentration-response associations between PM2.5 components and mortality globally. Our findings will provide strong support for PM2.5 components monitoring and the improvement of air quality-related regulations. This will aid in helping to enhance health intervention strategies and mitigating public exposure to detrimental particulate matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China; School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Di Liu
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Cui Guo
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, Faculty of Architecture, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Xiaoke Gao
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zhou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China; School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
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2
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Huang W, Xu H, Wu J, Ren M, Ke Y, Qiao J. Toward cleaner air and better health: Current state, challenges, and priorities. Science 2024; 385:386-390. [PMID: 39052781 DOI: 10.1126/science.adp7832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The most up-to-date estimate of the global burden of disease indicates that ambient air pollution, including fine particulate matter and ozone, contributes to an estimated 5.2 million deaths each year. In this review, we highlight the challenges in estimating population exposure to air pollution and attributable health risks, particularly in low- and middle-income countries and among vulnerable populations. To protect public health, the evidence so far confirms urgent needs to prioritize interdisciplinary research on air pollution exposure and risk assessment and to develop evidence-based intervention policies and risk communication strategies. Here, we synthesize the emerging evidence supporting the monitoring and evaluation of the progress in implementation of the Global Air Quality Guidelines prepared by the World Health Organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Institute for Global Health, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbing Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wu
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Minghui Ren
- Peking University Institute for Global Health, Beijing, China
- Department of Global Health, Peking University School of Public Health, and China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Ke
- Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Leonetti A, Peansukwech U, Charnnarong J, Cha'on U, Suttiprapa S, Anutrakulchai S. Effects of particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration and components on mortality in chronic kidney disease patients: a nationwide spatial-temporal analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16810. [PMID: 39039106 PMCID: PMC11263396 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67642-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major global public health issue and the leading cause of death in Thailand. This study investigated the spatial-temporal association between PM2.5 and its components (organic carbon, black carbon, dust, sulfate, and sea salt) and CKD mortality in Thailand from 2012 to 2021. The Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Application version 2 (MERRA-2), a NASA atmospheric satellite model, was assessed for the temporal data of PM2.5 concentration and aerosol components. Spatial resources of 77 provinces were integrated using the Geographical Information System (GIS). Multivariate Poisson regression and Bayesian inference analyses were conducted to explore the effects of PM2.5 on CKD mortality across the provinces. Our analysis included 718,686 CKD-related deaths, resulting in a mortality rate of 1107 cases per 100,000 population where was the highest rate in Northeast region. The average age of the deceased was 72.43 ± 13.10 years, with males comprising 50.46% of the cases. Adjusting for age, sex, underlying diseases, co-morbidities, CKD complications, replacement therapy, population density, and income, each 1 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5, black carbon, dust, sulfate, and organic carbon was significantly associated with increased CKD mortality across 77 provinces. Incidence rate ratios were 1.04 (95% CI 1.03-1.04) for PM2.5, 1.11 (95% CI 1.10-1.13) for black carbon, 1.24 (95% CI 1.22-1.25) for dust, 1.16 (95% CI 1.16-1.17) for sulfate, and 1.05 (95% CI 1.04-1.05) for organic carbon. These findings emphasize the significant impact of PM2.5 on CKD mortality and underscore the need for strategies to reduce PM emissions and manage CKD co-morbidities effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Leonetti
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Udomlack Peansukwech
- Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in the Northeast of Thailand (CKDNET), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Ubon Cha'on
- Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in the Northeast of Thailand (CKDNET), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sutas Suttiprapa
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| | - Sirirat Anutrakulchai
- Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in the Northeast of Thailand (CKDNET), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
- Anandamahidol Foundation, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Division of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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Musa M, Rahman P, Saha SK, Chen Z, Ali MAS, Gao Y. Cross-sectional analysis of socioeconomic drivers of PM2.5 pollution in emerging SAARC economies. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16357. [PMID: 39014028 PMCID: PMC11252395 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67199-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Within the intricate interplay of socio-economic, natural and anthropogenic factors, haze pollution stands as a stark emblem of environmental degradation, particularly in the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) region. Despite significant efforts to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, several SAARC nations consistently rank among the world's most polluted. Addressing this critical research gap, this study employs robust econometric methodologies to elucidate the dynamics of haze pollution across SAARC countries from 1998 to 2020. These methodologies include the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) and Augmented Mean Group (AMG) estimator, Panel two-stage least squares (TSLS), Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) and Dumitrescu-Hurlin (D-H) causality test. The analysis reveals a statistically significant cointegrating relationship between PM2.5 and economic indicators, with economic development and consumption expenditure exhibiting positive associations and rainfall demonstrating a mitigating effect. Furthermore, a bidirectional causality is established between temperature and economic growth, both influencing PM2.5 concentrations. These findings emphasize the crucial role of evidence-based policy strategies in curbing air pollution. Based on these insights, recommendations focus on prioritizing green economic paradigms, intensifying forest conservation efforts, fostering the adoption of eco-friendly energy technologies in manufacturing and proactively implementing climate-sensitive policies. By embracing these recommendations, SAARC nations can formulate comprehensive and sustainable approaches to combat air pollution, paving the way for a healthier atmospheric environment for their citizens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Musa
- School of Business Administration, Xi'an Eurasia University, No. 8 Dongyi Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, 710065, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Preethu Rahman
- International Business School, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620, West Chang'an Avenue, Chang'an District, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Swapan Kumar Saha
- Department of Marketing, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
- College of Business Administration, International University of Business Agriculture and Technology (IUBAT), Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Zhe Chen
- School of Business Administration, Xi'an Eurasia University, No. 8 Dongyi Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, 710065, Shaanxi, China.
| | | | - Yanhua Gao
- School of Business Administration, Xi'an Eurasia University, No. 8 Dongyi Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, 710065, Shaanxi, China
- Graduate School of Management, Post Graduate Centre, Management and Science University, University Drive, Off Persiaran Olahraga, Section 13, Shah Alam, 40100, Selangor, Malaysia
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Maji K, Li Z, Vaidyanathan A, Hu Y, Stowell JD, Milando C, Wellenius G, Kinney PL, Russell AG, Odman MT. Estimated Impacts of Prescribed Fires on Air Quality and Premature Deaths in Georgia and Surrounding Areas in the US, 2015-2020. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:12343-12355. [PMID: 38943591 PMCID: PMC11256750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Smoke from wildfires poses a substantial threat to health in communities near and far. To mitigate the extent and potential damage of wildfires, prescribed burning techniques are commonly employed as land management tools; however, they introduce their own smoke-related risks. This study investigates the impact of prescribed fires on daily average PM2.5 and maximum daily 8-h averaged O3 (MDA8-O3) concentrations and estimates premature deaths associated with short-term exposure to prescribed fire PM2.5 and MDA8-O3 in Georgia and surrounding areas of the Southeastern US from 2015 to 2020. Our findings indicate that over the study domain, prescribed fire contributes to average daily PM2.5 by 0.94 ± 1.45 μg/m3 (mean ± standard deviation), accounting for 14.0% of year-round ambient PM2.5. Higher average daily contributions were predicted during the extensive burning season (January-April): 1.43 ± 1.97 μg/m3 (20.0% of ambient PM2.5). Additionally, prescribed burning is also responsible for an annual average increase of 0.36 ± 0.61 ppb in MDA8-O3 (approximately 0.8% of ambient MDA8-O3) and 1.3% (0.62 ± 0.88 ppb) during the extensive burning season. We estimate that short-term exposure to prescribed fire PM2.5 and MDA8-O3 could have caused 2665 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2249-3080) and 233 (95% CI: 148-317) excess deaths, respectively. These results suggest that smoke from prescribed burns increases the mortality. However, refraining from such burns may escalate the risk of wildfires; therefore, the trade-offs between the health impacts of wildfires and prescribed fires, including morbidity, need to be taken into consideration in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal
J. Maji
- School
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Zongrun Li
- School
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ambarish Vaidyanathan
- School
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- National
Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States
| | - Yongtao Hu
- School
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jennifer D. Stowell
- School
of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - Chad Milando
- School
of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - Gregory Wellenius
- School
of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - Patrick L. Kinney
- School
of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - Armistead G. Russell
- School
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - M. Talat Odman
- School
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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6
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Zhu S, Zhang F, Xie X, Zhu W, Tang H, Zhao D, Ruan L, Li D. Association between long-term exposure to fine particulate matter and its chemical constituents and premature death in individuals living with HIV/AIDS. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 351:124052. [PMID: 38703976 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with an increased total mortality. However, the association of PM2.5 with mortality in people living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS, PLWHA) and the relationship between its constituents and adverse outcomes remain unknown. In this cohort study, 28,140 PLWHA were recruited from the HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Response Information Management System of the Hubei Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention in China between 2001 and 2020. The annual PM2.5 chemical composition data, including sulfate (SO42-), nitrate (NO3-), ammonium (NH4+), black carbon (BC), and organic matter (OM), was extracted from the Tracking Air Pollution (TAP) dataset in China. A Cox proportional hazard model with time-varying exposure and time-to-event quantile-based generalized (g) computation was used to assess the associations between PM2.5 chemical constituents, and mortality in PLWHA. A multivariate Cox proportional hazard model estimated an excess hazard ratio (eHR) of 0.32% [95% confidence interval (CI): (0.01%, 0.64%)] for AIDS-related death (ARD), associated with 1 μg/m3 rise in PM2.5 exposure. An increase of 1 μg/m3 in NH4+ was associated with 5.13% [95% CI: (2.89%, 7.43%)] and 2.97% [95% CI: (1.52%, 4.44%)] increase in the risk of ARD and all-cause deaths (ACD), respectively. When estimated using survival-based quantile g-computation, the eHR for ARD with a joint change in a decile increase in all five components was 6.10% [95% CI: 3.77%, 8.48%)]. Long-term exposure to PM2.5 chemical composition, particularly NH4+ increased the risk of death in PLWHA. This study provides epidemiological evidence that SO42- and NH4+ increased the risk of ARD and that NH4+ increased the risk of ACD in PLWHA. Multi-constituent analyses further suggested that NH4+ may be a key component in increasing the risk of premature death in patients with HIV/AIDS. Individuals aged ≥65 with HIV/AIDS are more vulnerable to SO42-, and consequent ACD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Faxue Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiaoxin Xie
- Guiyang Public Health Treatment Center, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Heng Tang
- Institute for the Prevention and Control of HIV/AIDS, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Dingyuan Zhao
- Institute for the Prevention and Control of HIV/AIDS, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Lianguo Ruan
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Research Center for Communicable Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Joint Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Health, Wuhan Institute of Virology and Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Dejia Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Karimi B, Samadi S. Long-term exposure to air pollution on cardio-respiratory, and lung cancer mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2024; 22:75-95. [PMID: 38887768 PMCID: PMC11180069 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-024-00900-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Air pollution is a major cause of specific deaths worldwide. This review article aimed to investigate the results of cohort studies for air pollution connected with the all-cause, cardio-respiratory, and lung cancer mortality risk by performing a meta-analysis. Relevant cohort studies were searched in electronic databases (PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus). We used a random effect model to estimate the pooled relative risks (RRs) and their 95% CIs (confidence intervals) of mortality. The risk of bias for each included study was also assessed by Office of Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT) checklists. We applied statistical tests for heterogeneity and sensitivity analyses. The registration code of this study in PROSPERO was CRD42023422945. A total of 88 cohort studies were eligible and included in the final analysis. The pooled relative risk (RR) per 10 μg/m3 increase of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was 1.080 (95% CI 1.068-1.092) for all-cause mortality, 1.058 (95% CI 1.055-1.062) for cardiovascular mortality, 1.066 (95%CI 1.034-1.097) for respiratory mortality and 1.118 (95% CI 1.076-1.159) for lung cancer mortality. We observed positive increased associations between exposure to PM2.5, PM10, black carbon (BC), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) with all-cause, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, and lung cancer mortality, but the associations were not significant for nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and ozone (O3). The risk of mortality for males and the elderly was higher compared to females and younger age. The pooled effect estimates derived from cohort studies provide substantial evidence of adverse air pollution associations with all-cause, cardiovascular, respiratory, and lung cancer mortality. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40201-024-00900-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrooz Karimi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Sadegh Samadi
- Department of Occupational Health and safety, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
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Li Z, Wang Y, Wu W, Zhao Y, Wang S, Wang P, Lin X, Gong Y, Wu Z, Li X, Sun J, Zhao N, Huang Y, Hu S, Zhang W. The relative contribution of PM 2.5 components to the obstructive ventilatory dysfunction-insights from a large ventilatory function examination of 305,022 workers in southern China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 187:108721. [PMID: 38718675 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The new round of WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-related Burden of Disease assessment requires futher research to provide more evidence, especially on the health impact of ambient air pollution around the workplace. However, the evidence linking obstructive ventilatory dysfunction (OVD) to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its chemical components in workers is very limited. Evidence is even more scarce on the interactive effects between occupational factors and particle exposures. We aimed to fill these gaps based on a large ventilatory function examination of workers in southern China. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study among 363,788 workers in southern China in 2020. The annual average concentration of PM2.5 and its components were evaluated around the workplace through validated spatiotemporal models. We used mixed-effect models to evaluate the risk of OVD related to PM2.5 and its components. Results were further stratified by basic characteristics and occupational factors. FINDINGS Among the 305,022 workers, 119,936 were observed with OVD. We found for each interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM2.5 concentration, the risk of OVD increased by 27.8 (95 % confidence interval (CI): 26.5-29.2 %). The estimates were 10.9 % (95 %CI: 9.7-12.1 %), 15.8 % (95 %CI: 14.5-17.2 %), 2.6 % (95 %CI: 1.4-3.8 %), 17.1 % (95 %CI: 15.9-18.4 %), and 11 % (95 %CI: 9.9-12.2 %), respectively, for each IQR increment in sulfate, nitrate, ammonium salt, organic matter and black carbon. We observed greater effect estimates among females, younger workers, workers with a length of service of 24-45 months, and professional skill workers. Furthermore, it is particularly noteworthy that the noise-exposed workers, high-temperature-exposed workers, and less-dust-exposed workers were at a 5.7-68.2 % greater risk than others. INTERPRETATION PM2.5 and its components were significantly associated with an increased risk of OVD, with stronger links among certain vulnerable subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Li
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong, China; Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Center for Health Information Research & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Center for Health Information Research & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjing Wu
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Center for Health Information Research & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanjie Zhao
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Center for Health Information Research & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Shenghao Wang
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Center for Health Information Research & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Pengyu Wang
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Center for Health Information Research & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xian Lin
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Center for Health Information Research & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yajun Gong
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijia Wu
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong, China; Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Center for Health Information Research & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Center for Health Information Research & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongshun Huang
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shijie Hu
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wangjian Zhang
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health & Center for Health Information Research & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China.
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9
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Song X, Wu D, Chen X, Ma Z, Li Q, Chen J. Toxic Potencies of Particulate Matter from Typical Industrial Plants Mediated with Acidity via Metal Dissolution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:6736-6743. [PMID: 38564367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Acidity is an important property of particulate matter (PM) in the atmosphere, but its association with PM toxicity remains unclear. Here, this study quantitively reports the effect of the acidity level on PM toxicity via pH-control experiments and cellular analysis. Oxidative stress and cytotoxicity potencies of acidified PM samples at pH of 1-2 were up to 2.8-5.2 and 2.1-13.2 times higher than those at pH of 8-11, respectively. The toxic potencies of PM samples from real-world smoke plumes at the pH of 2.3 were 9.1-18.2 times greater than those at the pH of 5.6, demonstrating a trend similar to that of acidified PM samples. Furthermore, the impact of acidity on PM toxicity was manifested by promoting metal dissolution. The dramatic increase by 2-3 orders of magnitude in water-soluble metal content dominated the variation in PM toxicity. The significant correlation between sulfate, the pH value, water-soluble Fe, IC20, and EC1.5 (p < 0.05) suggested that acidic sulfate could enhance toxic potencies by dissolving insoluble metals. The findings uncover the superficial association between sulfate and adverse health outcomes in epidemiological research and highlight the control of wet smoke plume emissions to mitigate the toxicity effects of acidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwen Song
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiu Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zizhen Ma
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Institute of Eco-Chongming (SIEC), 20 Cuiniao Road, Chenjia Town, Chongming District, Shanghai 202162, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Institute of Eco-Chongming (SIEC), 20 Cuiniao Road, Chenjia Town, Chongming District, Shanghai 202162, China
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10
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Danesh Yazdi M, Amini H, Wei Y, Castro E, Shi L, Schwartz JD. Long-term exposure to PM2.5 species and all-cause mortality among Medicare patients using mixtures analyses. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 246:118175. [PMID: 38215924 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between long-term exposure to PM2.5 and mortality is well-established; however, the role of individual species is less understood. OBJECTIVES In this study, we assess the overall effect of long-term exposure to PM2.5 as a mixture of species and identify the most harmful of those species while controlling for the others. METHODS We looked at changes in mortality among Medicare participants 65 years of age or older from 2000 to 2018 in response to changes in annual levels of 15 PM2.5 components, namely: organic carbon, elemental carbon, nickel, lead, zinc, sulfate, potassium, vanadium, nitrate, silicon, copper, iron, ammonium, calcium, and bromine. Data on exposure were derived from high-resolution, spatio-temporal models which were then aggregated to ZIP code. We used the rate of deaths in each ZIP code per year as the outcome of interest. Covariates included demographic, temperature, socioeconomic, and access-to-care variables. We used a mixtures approach, a weighted quantile sum, to analyze the joint effects of PM2.5 species on mortality. We further looked at the effects of the components when PM2.5 mass levels were at concentrations below 8 μg/m3, and effect modification by sex, race, Medicaid status, and Census division. RESULTS We found that for each decile increase in the levels of the PM2.5 mixture, the rate of all-cause mortality increased by 1.4% (95% CI: 1.3%-1.4%), the rate of cardiovascular mortality increased by 2.1% (95% CI: 2.0%-2.2%), and the rate of respiratory mortality increased by 1.7% (95% CI: 1.5%-1.9%). These effects estimates remained significant and slightly higher when we restricted to lower concentrations. The highest weights for harmful effects were due to organic carbon, nickel, zinc, sulfate, and vanadium. CONCLUSIONS Long-term exposure to PM2.5 species, as a mixture, increased the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Danesh Yazdi
- Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Heresh Amini
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Institute for Climate Change, Environmental Health, and Exposomics, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yaguang Wei
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edgar Castro
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liuhua Shi
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joel D Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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11
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Li Y, He Z, Wei J, Xu R, Liu T, Zhong Z, Liu L, Liang S, Zheng Y, Chen G, Lv Z, Huang S, Chen X, Sun H, Liu Y. Long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter constituents and mortality from total and site-specific gastrointestinal cancer. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 244:117927. [PMID: 38103778 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure has been associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal cancer mortality, but the attributable constituents remain unclear. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association of long-term exposure to PM2.5 constituents with total and site-specific gastrointestinal cancer mortality using a difference-in-differences approach in Jiangsu province, China during 2015-2020. METHODS We split Jiangsu into 53 spatial units and computed their yearly death number of total gastrointestinal, esophagus, stomach, colorectum, liver, and pancreas cancer. Utilizing a high-quality grid dataset on PM2.5 constituents, we estimated 10-year population-weighted exposure to black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and chloride in each spatial unit. The effect of constituents on gastrointestinal cancer mortality was assessed by controlling time trends, spatial differences, gross domestic product (GDP), and seasonal temperatures. RESULTS Overall, 524,019 gastrointestinal cancer deaths were ascertained in 84.77 million population. Each interquartile range increment of BC (0.46 μg/m3), OC (4.56 μg/m3), and nitrate (1.41 μg/m3) was significantly associated with a 27%, 26%, and 34% increased risk of total gastrointestinal cancer mortality, respectively, and these associations remained significant in PM2.5-adjusted models and constituent-residual models. We also identified robust associations of BC, OC, and nitrate exposures with site-specific gastrointestinal cancer mortality. The mortality risk generally displayed increased trends across the total exposure range and rose steeper at higher levels. We did not identify robust associations for sulfate, ammonium, or chlorine exposure. Higher mortality risk ascribed to constituent exposures was identified in total gastrointestinal and liver cancer among women, stomach cancer among men, and total gastrointestinal and stomach cancer among low-GDP regions. CONCLUSIONS This study offers consistent evidence that long-term exposure to PM2.5-bound BC, OC, and nitrate is associated with total and site-specific gastrointestinal cancer mortality, indicating that these constituents need to be controlled to mitigate the adverse effect of PM2.5 on gastrointestinal cancer mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhimin He
- Department of Environmental Health, Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ruijun Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zihua Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Likun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sihan Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gongbo Chen
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ziquan Lv
- Central Laboratory of Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Suli Huang
- Department of Environment and Health, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi Chen
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yuewei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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12
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Hou T, Zhu L, Wang Y, Peng L. Oxidative stress is the pivot for PM2.5-induced lung injury. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 184:114362. [PMID: 38101601 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a primary air pollutant recognized worldwide as a serious threat to public health. PM2.5, which has a diameter of less than 2.5 μm, is known to cause various diseases, including cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic, and neurological diseases. Studies have shown that the respiratory system is particularly susceptible to PM2.5 as it is the first line of defense against external pollutants. PM2.5 can cause oxidative stress, which is triggered by the catalyzation of biochemical reactions, the activation of oxidases and metabolic enzymes, and mitochondrial dysfunction, all of which can lead to lung injury and aggravate various respiratory diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, and cancer. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the harmful effects and mechanisms of PM2.5 on the respiratory system by activating several detrimental pathways related to inflammation and cellular damage. However, experimental studies have shown that antioxidative therapy methods can effectively cure PM2.5-induced lung injury. This review aims to clarify how PM2.5 induces oxidative stress and the mechanisms by which it is involved in the aggravation of various lung diseases. Additionally, we have listed antioxidant treatments to protect against PM2.5-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhua Hou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130001, China
| | - Laiyu Zhu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130001, China
| | - Yusheng Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130001, China.
| | - Liping Peng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130001, China.
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Li Z, Yim SHL, He X, Xia X, Ho KF, Yu JZ. High spatial resolution estimates of major PM 2.5 components and their associated health risks in Hong Kong using a coupled land use regression and health risk assessment approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167932. [PMID: 37863225 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have focused on the spatial distribution of the typical components and source tracers of PM2.5 and their associated health risks, despite the fact that the chemical components of PM2.5 pose potentially significant and independent risks to human health. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial distribution of major PM2.5 components and their associated health risks in Hong Kong using a coupled land use regression and health risk assessment modeling approach. The established land use regression models of the major PM2.5 components and source tracers achieved a relatively high statistical performance, with training and leave-one-out cross-validation R2 values of 0.85-0.96 and 0.62-0.88, respectively. The high spatial resolution (500 m × 500 m) distribution patterns of the chemical components of PM2.5 showed the heterogeneity of population exposure to different components and the related potential health risks, as evidenced by the weak spatial correlations between the mass of PM2.5 and some components. Elemental carbon, nickel, arsenic, and chromium from PM2.5 made major contributions to the total health risk and should therefore be reduced further. Our results will enable researchers to determine independent associations between exposure to the various components of PM2.5 and health endpoints in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
| | - Steve Hung Lam Yim
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Xiao He
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xi Xia
- School of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Kin-Fai Ho
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian Zhen Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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14
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Wei J, Wang J, Li Z, Kondragunta S, Anenberg S, Wang Y, Zhang H, Diner D, Hand J, Lyapustin A, Kahn R, Colarco P, da Silva A, Ichoku C. Long-term mortality burden trends attributed to black carbon and PM 2·5 from wildfire emissions across the continental USA from 2000 to 2020: a deep learning modelling study. Lancet Planet Health 2023; 7:e963-e975. [PMID: 38056967 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(23)00235-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term improvements in air quality and public health in the continental USA were disrupted over the past decade by increased fire emissions that potentially offset the decrease in anthropogenic emissions. This study aims to estimate trends in black carbon and PM2·5 concentrations and their attributable mortality burden across the USA. METHODS In this study, we derived daily concentrations of PM2·5 and its highly toxic black carbon component at a 1-km resolution in the USA from 2000 to 2020 via deep learning that integrated big data from satellites, models, and surface observations. We estimated the annual PM2·5-attributable and black carbon-attributable mortality burden at each 1-km2 grid using concentration-response functions collected from a national cohort study and a meta-analysis study, respectively. We investigated the spatiotemporal linear-regressed trends in PM2·5 and black carbon pollution and their associated premature deaths from 2000 to 2020, and the impact of wildfires on air quality and public health. FINDINGS Our results showed that PM2·5 and black carbon estimates are reliable, with sample-based cross-validated coefficients of determination of 0·82 and 0·80, respectively, for daily estimates (0·97 and 0·95 for monthly estimates). Both PM2·5 and black carbon in the USA showed significantly decreasing trends overall during 2000 to 2020 (22% decrease for PM2·5 and 11% decrease for black carbon), leading to a reduction of around 4200 premature deaths per year (95% CI 2960-5050). However, since 2010, the decreasing trends of fine particles and premature deaths have reversed to increase in the western USA (55% increase in PM2·5, 86% increase in black carbon, and increase of 670 premature deaths [460-810]), while remaining mostly unchanged in the eastern USA. The western USA showed large interannual fluctuations that were attributable to the increasing incidence of wildfires. Furthermore, the black carbon-to-PM2·5 mass ratio increased annually by 2·4% across the USA, mainly due to increasing wildfire emissions in the western USA and more rapid reductions of other components in the eastern USA, suggesting a potential increase in the relative toxicity of PM2·5. 100% of populated areas in the USA have experienced at least one day of PM2·5 pollution exceeding the daily air quality guideline level of 15 μg/m3 during 2000-2020, with 99% experiencing at least 7 days and 85% experiencing at least 30 days. The recent widespread wildfires have greatly increased the daily exposure risks in the western USA, and have also impacted the midwestern USA due to the long-range transport of smoke. INTERPRETATION Wildfires have become increasingly intensive and frequent in the western USA, resulting in a significant increase in smoke-related emissions in populated areas. This increase is likely to have contributed to a decline in air quality and an increase in attributable mortality. Reducing fire risk via effective policies besides mitigation of climate warming, such as wildfire prevention and management, forest restoration, and new revenue generation, could substantially improve air quality and public health in the coming decades. FUNDING National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Applied Science programme, NASA MODIS maintenance programme, NASA MAIA satellite mission programme, NASA GMAO core fund, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) GEO-XO project, NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4) programme, and NOAA Educational Partnership Program with Minority Serving Institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wei
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Iowa Technology Institute, Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Iowa Technology Institute, Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Zhanqing Li
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Shobha Kondragunta
- Center for Satellite Applications and Research, NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Susan Anenberg
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Iowa Technology Institute, Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Huanxin Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Iowa Technology Institute, Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - David Diner
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jenny Hand
- Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Alexei Lyapustin
- Climate and Radiation Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Ralph Kahn
- Climate and Radiation Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Peter Colarco
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Arlindo da Silva
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Charles Ichoku
- Department of Geography and Environmental Systems, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
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15
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Henneman L, Choirat C, Dedoussi I, Dominici F, Roberts J, Zigler C. Mortality risk from United States coal electricity generation. Science 2023; 382:941-946. [PMID: 37995235 PMCID: PMC10870829 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf4915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Policy-makers seeking to limit the impact of coal electricity-generating units (EGUs, also known as power plants) on air quality and climate justify regulations by quantifying the health burden attributable to exposure from these sources. We defined "coal PM2.5" as fine particulate matter associated with coal EGU sulfur dioxide emissions and estimated annual exposure to coal PM2.5 from 480 EGUs in the US. We estimated the number of deaths attributable to coal PM2.5 from 1999 to 2020 using individual-level Medicare death records representing 650 million person-years. Exposure to coal PM2.5 was associated with 2.1 times greater mortality risk than exposure to PM2.5 from all sources. A total of 460,000 deaths were attributable to coal PM2.5, representing 25% of all PM2.5-related Medicare deaths before 2009 and 7% after 2012. Here, we quantify and visualize the contribution of individual EGUs to mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Henneman
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Infrastructure Engineering, George Mason University Volgenau School of Engineering, Fairfax, VA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard Data Science Initiative, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christine Choirat
- Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Irene Dedoussi
- Section Aircraft Noise and Climate Effects, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Francesca Dominici
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard Data Science Initiative, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Roberts
- School of Interactive Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Corwin Zigler
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard Data Science Initiative, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Statistics and Data Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
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16
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Mizutani RF, de Paula Santos U, Arbex RF, Arbex MA, Terra-Filho M. An Evaluation of the Impact of Air Pollution on the Lung Functions of High School Students Living in a Ceramic Industrial Park Zone. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6964. [PMID: 37947522 PMCID: PMC10649640 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20216964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Santa Gertrudes (SG) and Rio Claro (RC), Sao Paulo, Brazil, are located in a ceramic industrial park zone, and their particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 µm (PM10) concentration levels has been among the highest in recently monitored cities in Brazil. Local PM10 was mostly composed of silica. A cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate the lung functions of public high school students in SG, RC, and São Pedro (SP) (control location), Brazil, in 2018. The prevalence of asthma, mean PM10, FVC (forced vital capacity), and FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in the first second) were compared between the locations, and regression analyses were performed. A total of 450 students were included (SG: 158, RC: 153, and SP: 139). The mean FVC% (SG: 95.0% ± 11.8%, RC: 98.8% ± 12.9%, SP: 102.4% ± 13.8%, p < 0.05), the mean FEV1% (SG: 95.7% ± 10.4%, RC: 99.7% ± 12.0%, SP: 103.2% ± 12.0%, p < 0.05) and the mean PM10 (SG: 77.75 ± 38.08 µg/m3, RC: 42.59 ± 23.46 µg/m3, SP: 29.52 ± 9.87 µg/m3, p < 0.01) differed between locations. In regression models, each increase in PM10 by 10 µg/m3 was associated with a decrease in FVC% by 1.10% (95% CI 0.55%-1.65%) and a decrease in FEV1% by 1.27% (95% CI 0.75%-1.79%). Exposure to high levels of silica-rich environmental PM10 was found to be associated with lower FVC and FEV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Futoshi Mizutani
- Pulmonary Division, Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Ubiratan de Paula Santos
- Pulmonary Division, Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Abdo Arbex
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Araraquara, Sao Paulo 14801-340, Brazil
| | - Mario Terra-Filho
- Pulmonary Division, Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
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Zheng C, Tang H, Wang X, Chen Z, Zhang L, Cai J, Cao X, Gu R, Tian Y, Hu Z, Huang G, Wang Z. Air pollution is associated with abnormal left ventricular diastolic function: a nationwide population-based study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1537. [PMID: 37568104 PMCID: PMC10422745 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16416-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution is a growing public health concern of global significance. Till date, few studies have explored the associations between air pollutants and cardiac imaging phenotypes. In this study, we aim to explore the association of ambient air pollution and abnormal left ventricular diastolic function (ALVDF) among a large-scale free-living population. METHODS The participants were from a national representative large-scale cross-sectional study, i.e., the China Hypertension Survey (CHS), 2012-15. After exclusion, 25,983 participants from 14 provinces and 30 districts in China were included for the final analysis. The annual average ambient PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 concentrations were obtained from the chemical data assimilation system (ChemDAS). The clinical evaluation of left ventricular function was conducted in the survey field which was based on echocardiography. Grading diastolic dysfunction was based on Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography (2009). RESULTS The mean age of 25,983 participants was 56.8 years, 46.5% were male, and the crude prevalence of GradeI-III ALVDF were 48.1%, 1.6% and 1.1%, respectively. The ORs (95% CI) for ALVDF in the fully adjusted model were 1.31 (1.11-1.56), 1.11 (1.01-1.21) and 1.18 (0.90-1.54) for an increase of 10 μg/m3 of PM2.5, PM10 and NO2, respectively. And for different grades of ALVDF, elevated concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 exposures significantly increased the risk of gradeIinstead of gradeII ~ III ALVDF. There was a positive linear and "J" shape concentration-response association between annual average ambient PM2.5 and NO2 and the ALVDF risk assessed by the restricted cubic spline. The exposure level of most participants to PM10 was less than 130 μg/m3, and the risk of ALVDF increased significantly with the concentration rise. CONCLUSIONS This large-scale nationwide population study demonstrated a significantly positive association between ambient PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 with ALVDF, especially for mild ALVDF. The functional abnormality may partially explain the enhanced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with air pollution, which highlights the importance of appropriate interventions to reduce ambient air pollution in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyi Zheng
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 15 (Lin), Fengcunxili, Mentougou District, Beijing, 102308, China
| | - Haosu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 15 (Lin), Fengcunxili, Mentougou District, Beijing, 102308, China
| | - Zuo Chen
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 15 (Lin), Fengcunxili, Mentougou District, Beijing, 102308, China
| | - Linfeng Zhang
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 15 (Lin), Fengcunxili, Mentougou District, Beijing, 102308, China
| | - Jiayin Cai
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 15 (Lin), Fengcunxili, Mentougou District, Beijing, 102308, China
| | - Xue Cao
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 15 (Lin), Fengcunxili, Mentougou District, Beijing, 102308, China
| | - Runqing Gu
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 15 (Lin), Fengcunxili, Mentougou District, Beijing, 102308, China
| | - Yixin Tian
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 15 (Lin), Fengcunxili, Mentougou District, Beijing, 102308, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 15 (Lin), Fengcunxili, Mentougou District, Beijing, 102308, China
| | - Gang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zengwu Wang
- Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 15 (Lin), Fengcunxili, Mentougou District, Beijing, 102308, China.
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18
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Zoran MA, Savastru RS, Savastru DM, Tautan MN. Peculiar weather patterns effects on air pollution and COVID-19 spread in Tokyo metropolis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 228:115907. [PMID: 37080275 PMCID: PMC10111861 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
As a pandemic hotspot in Japan, between March 1, 2020-October 1, 2022, Tokyo metropolis experienced seven COVID-19 waves. Motivated by the high rate of COVID-19 incidence and mortality during the seventh wave, and environmental/health challenges we conducted a time-series analysis to investigate the long-term interaction of air quality and climate variability with viral pandemic in Tokyo. Through daily time series geospatial and observational air pollution/climate data, and COVID-19 incidence and death cases, this study compared the environmental conditions during COVID-19 multiwaves. In spite of five State of Emergency (SOEs) restrictions associated with COVID-19 pandemic, during (2020-2022) period air quality recorded low improvements relative to (2015-2019) average annual values, namely: Aerosol Optical Depth increased by 9.13% in 2020 year, and declined by 6.64% in 2021, and 12.03% in 2022; particulate matter PM2.5 and PM10 decreased during 2020, 2021, and 2022 years by 10.22%, 62.26%, 0.39%, and respectively by 4.42%, 3.95%, 5.76%. For (2021-2022) period the average ratio of PM2.5/PM10 was (0.319 ± 0.1640), showing a higher contribution to aerosol loading of traffic-related coarse particles in comparison with fine particles. The highest rates of the daily recorded COVID-19 incidence and death cases in Tokyo during the seventh COVID-19 wave (1 July 2022-1 October 2022) may be attributed to accumulation near the ground of high levels of air pollutants and viral pathogens due to: 1) peculiar persistent atmospheric anticyclonic circulation with strong positive anomalies of geopotential height at 500 hPa; 2) lower levels of Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) heights; 3) high daily maximum air temperature and land surface temperature due to the prolonged heat waves (HWs) in summer 2022; 4) no imposed restrictions. Such findings can guide public decision-makers to design proper strategies to curb pandemics under persistent stable anticyclonic weather conditions and summer HWs in large metropolitan areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Zoran
- IT Department, National Institute of R&D for Optoelectronics, Atomistilor Street 409, MG5, Magurele-Bucharest, 077125, Romania.
| | - Roxana S Savastru
- IT Department, National Institute of R&D for Optoelectronics, Atomistilor Street 409, MG5, Magurele-Bucharest, 077125, Romania
| | - Dan M Savastru
- IT Department, National Institute of R&D for Optoelectronics, Atomistilor Street 409, MG5, Magurele-Bucharest, 077125, Romania
| | - Marina N Tautan
- IT Department, National Institute of R&D for Optoelectronics, Atomistilor Street 409, MG5, Magurele-Bucharest, 077125, Romania
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19
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So R, Chen J, Stafoggia M, de Hoogh K, Katsouyanni K, Vienneau D, Samoli E, Rodopoulou S, Loft S, Lim YH, Westendorp RGJ, Amini H, Cole-Hunter T, Bergmann M, Shahri SMT, Zhang J, Maric M, Mortensen LH, Bauwelinck M, Klompmaker JO, Atkinson RW, Janssen NAH, Oftedal B, Renzi M, Forastiere F, Strak M, Brunekreef B, Hoek G, Andersen ZJ. Long-term exposure to elemental components of fine particulate matter and all-natural and cause-specific mortality in a Danish nationwide administrative cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 224:115552. [PMID: 36822536 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a well-recognized risk factor for premature death. However, evidence on which PM2.5 components are most relevant is unclear. METHODS We evaluated the associations between mortality and long-term exposure to eight PM2.5 elemental components [copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), sulfur (S), nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), silicon (Si), and potassium (K)]. Studied outcomes included death from diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD), dementia, and psychiatric disorders as well as all-natural causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), respiratory diseases (RD), and lung cancer. We followed all residents in Denmark (aged ≥30 years) from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2017. We used European-wide land-use regression models at a 100 × 100 m scale to estimate the residential annual mean levels of exposure to PM2.5 components. The models were developed with supervised linear regression (SLR) and random forest (RF). The associations were evaluated by Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for individual- and area-level socioeconomic factors and total PM2.5 mass. RESULTS Of 3,081,244 individuals, we observed 803,373 death from natural causes during follow-up. We found significant positive associations between all-natural mortality with Si and K from both exposure modeling approaches (hazard ratios; 95% confidence intervals per interquartile range increase): SLR-Si (1.04; 1.03-1.05), RF-Si (1.01; 1.00-1.02), SLR-K (1.03; 1.02-1.04), and RF-K (1.06; 1.05-1.07). Strong associations of K and Si were detected with most causes of mortality except CKD and K, and diabetes and Si (the strongest associations for psychiatric disorders mortality). In addition, Fe was relevant for mortality from RD, lung cancer, CKD, and psychiatric disorders; Zn with mortality from CKD, RD, and lung cancer, and; Ni and V with lung cancer mortality. CONCLUSIONS We present novel results of the relevance of different PM2.5 components for different causes of death, with K and Si seeming to be most consistently associated with mortality in Denmark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina So
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service/ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Klea Katsouyanni
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Danielle Vienneau
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Evangelia Samoli
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia Rodopoulou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Steffen Loft
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rudi G J Westendorp
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Heresh Amini
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Thomas Cole-Hunter
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Bergmann
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jiawei Zhang
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matija Maric
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laust H Mortensen
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Denmark Statistics, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mariska Bauwelinck
- Interface Demography - Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jochem O Klompmaker
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard W Atkinson
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Nicole A H Janssen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Bente Oftedal
- Department of air quality and noise, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Matteo Renzi
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service/ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Forastiere
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service/ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy; Science Policy & Epidemiology Environmental Research Group King's College London, London, UK
| | - Maciek Strak
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Zorana J Andersen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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20
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Zhu X, Liu B, Guo C, Li Z, Cheng M, Zhu X, Wei Y. Short and long-term association of exposure to ambient black carbon with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 324:121086. [PMID: 36649881 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Black carbon (BC) is a product of incomplete or inefficient combustion and may be associated with a variety of adverse effects on human health. The objective of this study was to analyze the association between various mortalities and long-/short-term exposure to BC as an independent pollutant. In this systematic review, we searched 4 databases for original research in English up to 6th October 2022, that investigated population-wide mortality due to BC exposure. We pooled mortality estimates and expressed them as relative risk (RR) per 10 μg/m3 increase in BC. We used a random-effect model to derive the pooled RRs. Of the 3186 studies identified, 29 articles met the eligibility criteria, including 18 long-term exposure studies and 11 short-term exposure studies. In the major meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis, positive associations were found between BC and total mortality and cause-specific disease mortalities. Among them, the short-term effects of BC on total mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality, respiratory disease mortality, and the long-term effects of BC on total mortality, ischemic heart disease mortality, respiratory disease mortality and lung cancer mortality were found to be statistically significant. The heterogeneity of the meta-analysis results was much lower for short-term studies than for long-term. Few studies were at a high risk of bias in any domain. The certainty of the evidence for most of the exposure-outcome pairs was moderate. Our study showed a significantly positive association between short-/long-term BC exposure and various mortalities. We speculate that BC has a higher adverse health effect on the respiratory system than on the cardiovascular system. This is different from the effect of PM2.5. Therefore, more studies are needed to consider BC as a separate pollutant, and not just as a component of PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Bingqian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Chen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Miaomiao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yongjie Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China.
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21
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Xiang W, Wang W, Du L, Zhao B, Liu X, Zhang X, Yao L, Ge M. Toxicological Effects of Secondary Air Pollutants. Chem Res Chin Univ 2023; 39:326-341. [PMID: 37303472 PMCID: PMC10147539 DOI: 10.1007/s40242-023-3050-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Secondary air pollutants, originating from gaseous pollutants and primary particulate matter emitted by natural sources and human activities, undergo complex atmospheric chemical reactions and multiphase processes. Secondary gaseous pollutants represented by ozone and secondary particulate matter, including sulfates, nitrates, ammonium salts, and secondary organic aerosols, are formed in the atmosphere, affecting air quality and human health. This paper summarizes the formation pathways and mechanisms of important atmospheric secondary pollutants. Meanwhile, different secondary pollutants' toxicological effects and corresponding health risks are evaluated. Studies have shown that secondary pollutants are generally more toxic than primary ones. However, due to their diverse source and complex generation mechanism, the study of the toxicological effects of secondary pollutants is still in its early stages. Therefore, this paper first introduces the formation mechanism of secondary gaseous pollutants and focuses mainly on ozone's toxicological effects. In terms of particulate matter, secondary inorganic and organic particulate matters are summarized separately, then the contribution and toxicological effects of secondary components formed from primary carbonaceous aerosols are discussed. Finally, secondary pollutants generated in the indoor environment are briefly introduced. Overall, a comprehensive review of secondary air pollutants may shed light on the future toxicological and health effects research of secondary air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 P. R. China
| | - Weigang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 P. R. China
| | - Libo Du
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024 P. R. China
| | - Xingyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 P. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 P. R. China
| | - Li Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 P. R. China
| | - Maofa Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 P. R. China
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22
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Hicken MT, Payne-Sturges D, McCoy E. Evaluating Race in Air Pollution and Health Research: Race, PM 2.5 Air Pollution Exposure, and Mortality as a Case Study. Curr Environ Health Rep 2023; 10:1-11. [PMID: 36689136 PMCID: PMC10947792 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-023-00390-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Racial inequities in air pollution exposure have been documented. There is also interest in documenting the modifying role of race in the link between air pollution and health. However, the empirical literature in this area has yielded mixed results with potentially unclear policy implications. We critically evaluate recent empirical papers on the interactive association between race and air pollution exposure on adult mortality in the USA as a case study of the race, pollution, and health literature. Specifically, we evaluate these studies for the conceptualization and discussion of race and the use of race variables that may contribute to the ambiguous results and policy implications both in this specific literature and in the broader literature. RECENT FINDINGS We evaluate ten empirical studies from 2016 to 2022 on the modifying role of race in the association between short- and long-term PM2.5 exposure and specific types of adult mortality (all cause, non-accidental, and heart or cardiovascular diseases) in the USA. In addition to comparing and contrasting the empirical results, we focus our review on the conceptualization, measurement, modeling, and discussion of race and the race variables. Overall, the results indicate no consistent role of race in the association between PM2.5 exposure and mortality. Moreover, conceptualization and discussion of race was often brief and incomplete, even when the empirical results were unexpected or counterintuitive. To build on recent discussions in the epidemiology and environmental epidemiology literature more specifically, we provide a detailed discussion of the meaning of race, the race variables, and the cultural and structural racism that some argue are proxied by race variables. We use theoretical scholarship from the humanities and social sciences along with empirical work from the environmental literature to provide recommendations for future research that can provide an evidence base to inform both social and environmental policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret T Hicken
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson Street3358 ISR, Ann Arbor, MI, 48106, USA.
| | - Devon Payne-Sturges
- School of Public Health, Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland, 255 Valley Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Ember McCoy
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, 440 Church Street; 4503 Dana, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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23
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Goobie GC, Li X, Ryerson CJ, Carlsten C, Johannson KA, Fabisiak JP, Lindell KO, Chen X, Gibson KF, Kass DJ, Nouraie SM, Zhang Y. PM 2.5 and constituent component impacts on global DNA methylation in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 318:120942. [PMID: 36574806 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive interstitial lung disease (ILD) whose outcomes are worsened with air pollution exposures. DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns are altered in lungs and blood from patients with IPF, but the relationship between air pollution exposures and DNAm patterns in IPF remains unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the association of PM2.5 and constituent components with global DNAm in patients with IPF. Patients enrolled in either the University of Pittsburgh Simmons Center for ILD Registry (Simmons) or the U.S.-wide Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation (PFF) Patient Registry with peripheral blood DNA samples were included. The averages of monthly exposures to PM2.5 and constituents over 1-year and 3-months pre-blood collection were matched to patient residential coordinates using satellite-derived hybrid models. Global DNAm percentage (%5 mC) was determined using the ELISA-based MethylFlash assay. Associations of pollutants with %5 mC were assessed using beta-regression, Cox models for mortality, and linear regression for baseline lung function. Mediation proportion was determined for models where pollutant-mortality and pollutant-%5 mC associations were significant. Inclusion criteria were met by 313 Simmons and 746 PFF patients with IPF. Higher PM2.5 3-month exposures prior to blood collection were associated with higher %5 mC in Simmons (β = 0.02, 95%CI 0.0003-0.05, p = 0.047), with trends in the same direction in the 1-year period in both cohorts. Higher exposures to sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and black carbon constituents were associated with higher %5 mC in multiple models. Percent 5 mC was not associated with IPF mortality or lung function, but was found to mediate between 2 and 5% of the associations of PM2.5, sulfate, and ammonium with mortality. In conclusion, we found that higher global DNAm is a novel biomarker for increased PM2.5 and anthropogenic constituent exposure in patients with IPF. Mechanistic research is needed to determine if DNAm has pathogenic relevance in mediating associations between pollutants and mortality in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian C Goobie
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Christopher J Ryerson
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Christopher Carlsten
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Air Pollution Exposure Laboratory, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Kerri A Johannson
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - James P Fabisiak
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Kathleen O Lindell
- Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Kevin F Gibson
- Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Daniel J Kass
- Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - S Mehdi Nouraie
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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24
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Ju K, Lu L, Liao W, Yang C, Xu Z, Wang W, Zhao L, Pan J. Long-term exposure of PM 2.5 components on the adults' depressive symptoms in China - Evidence from a representative longitudinal nationwide cohort. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159434. [PMID: 36244492 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there is growing evidence that long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with depressive symptoms. However, little is known about the individual effects of PM2.5 components, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries. We investigated the association between long-term exposure to major components of PM2.5 and worsening depressive symptoms in Chinese adults based on a large, long-term, nationally representative, population-based prospective cohort. Our data were derived from China Family Panel Study (CFPS) wave 2012, 2016 and 2018 and a long-term (2010-2019) high-resolution PM2.5 components dataset covering the whole China. We assessed respondents' depressive symptoms using standardized scales and applied advanced Fixed-effect ordered logit model (FE-ologit) to capture the ordinal nature of respondents' depressive symptoms and control for individual-specific and time-invariant effects to investigate their associations with PM2.5 components. We included 9503 respondents and the FE-ologit model results indicated that the odds ratio of increase per standard unit was 1.118 (95 % CI: 1.020, 1.225) for black carbon, 1.134 (95 % CI: 1.028, 1.252) for organic matter, 1.127 for ammonium (95 % CI: 1.011, 1.255), 1.107 for nitrate (95 % CI: 0.981, 1.248), and 1.117 for sulfate (95 % CI: 1.020, 1.224). Our study suggests that long-term exposure to PM2.5 components is significantly associated with worsening of depressive symptoms, and that different components may have different toxicity. Reducing PM2.5 emissions, especially the major sources of organic matter and ammonium, may reduce the burden of depressive symptoms in Chinese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ju
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Liyong Lu
- HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Weibin Liao
- HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chenyu Yang
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zongyou Xu
- Medical School, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Wen Wang
- HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Zhao
- HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Jay Pan
- HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; School of Public Administration, Sichuan University.
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25
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Rahman MM, Carter SA, Lin JC, Chow T, Yu X, Martinez MP, Chen Z, Chen JC, Rud D, Lewinger JP, van Donkelaar A, Martin RV, Eckel SP, Schwartz J, Lurmann F, Kleeman MJ, McConnell R, Xiang AH. Associations of Autism Spectrum Disorder with PM 2.5 Components: A Comparative Study Using Two Different Exposure Models. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:405-414. [PMID: 36548990 PMCID: PMC10898516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This retrospective cohort study examined associations of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with prenatal exposure to major fine particulate matter (PM2.5) components estimated using two independent exposure models. The cohort included 318 750 mother-child pairs with singleton deliveries in Kaiser Permanente Southern California hospitals from 2001 to 2014 and followed until age five. ASD cases during follow-up (N = 4559) were identified by ICD codes. Prenatal exposures to PM2.5, elemental (EC) and black carbon (BC), organic matter (OM), nitrate (NO3-), and sulfate (SO42-) were constructed using (i) a source-oriented chemical transport model and (ii) a hybrid model. Exposures were assigned to each maternal address during the entire pregnancy, first, second, and third trimester. In single-pollutant models, ASD was associated with pregnancy-average PM2.5, EC/BC, OM, and SO42- exposures from both exposure models, after adjustment for covariates. The direction of effect estimates was consistent for EC/BC and OM and least consistent for NO3-. EC/BC, OM, and SO42- were generally robust to adjustment for other components and for PM2.5. EC/BC and OM effect estimates were generally larger and more consistent in the first and second trimester and SO42- in the third trimester. Future PM2.5 composition health effect studies might consider using multiple exposure models and a weight of evidence approach when interpreting effect estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mostafijur Rahman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90032, United States
| | - Sarah A Carter
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California 91101, United States
| | - Jane C Lin
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California 91101, United States
| | - Ting Chow
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California 91101, United States
| | - Xin Yu
- Spatial Science Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Mayra P Martinez
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California 91101, United States
| | - Zhanghua Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90032, United States
| | - Jiu-Chiuan Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90032, United States
| | - Daniel Rud
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90032, United States
| | - Juan P Lewinger
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90032, United States
| | - Aaron van Donkelaar
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Randall V Martin
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Sandrah Proctor Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90032, United States
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Fred Lurmann
- Sonoma Technology, Inc., Petaluma, California 94954, United States
| | - Michael J Kleeman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90032, United States
| | - Anny H Xiang
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California 91101, United States
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26
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Zoran MA, Savastru RS, Savastru DM, Tautan MN. Cumulative effects of air pollution and climate drivers on COVID-19 multiwaves in Bucharest, Romania. PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION : TRANSACTIONS OF THE INSTITUTION OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS, PART B 2022; 166:368-383. [PMID: 36034108 PMCID: PMC9391082 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2022.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Over more than two years of global health crisis due to ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, Romania experienced a five-wave pattern. This study aims to assess the potential impact of environmental drivers on COVID-19 transmission in Bucharest, capital of Romania during the analyzed epidemic period. Through descriptive statistics and cross-correlation tests applied to time series of daily observational and geospatial data of major outdoor inhalable particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5) or ≤ 10 µm (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), Aerosol Optical Depth at 550 nm (AOD) and radon (222Rn), we investigated the COVID-19 waves patterns under different meteorological conditions. This study examined the contribution of individual climate variables on the ground level air pollutants concentrations and COVID-19 disease severity. As compared to the long-term average AOD over Bucharest from 2015 to 2019, for the same year periods, this study revealed major AOD level reduction by ~28 % during the spring lockdown of the first COVID-19 wave (15 March 2020-15 May 2020), and ~16 % during the third COVID-19 wave (1 February 2021-1 June 2021). This study found positive correlations between exposure to air pollutants PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, CO and 222Rn, and significant negative correlations, especially for spring-summer periods between ground O3 levels, air temperature, Planetary Boundary Layer height, and surface solar irradiance with COVID-19 incidence and deaths. For the analyzed time period 1 January 2020-1 April 2022, before and during each COVID-19 wave were recorded stagnant synoptic anticyclonic conditions favorable for SARS-CoV-2 virus spreading, with positive Omega surface charts composite average (Pa/s) at 850 mb during fall- winter seasons, clearly evidenced for the second, the fourth and the fifth waves. These findings are relevant for viral infections controls and health safety strategies design in highly polluted urban environments.
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Key Words
- 222Rn
- 222Rn, Radon
- AOD, Total Aerosol Optical Depth at 550 nm
- Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD)
- CAMS, Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service
- CO, Carbon monoxide
- COVID, 19 Coronavirus Disease 2019
- COVID-19 disease
- Climate variables
- DNC, Daily New COVID-19 positive cases
- DND, Daily New COVID-19 Deaths
- MERS, CoV Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- NO2, Nitrogen dioxide
- NOAA, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration U.S.A.
- O3, Ozone
- Outdoor air pollutants
- PBL, Planetary Boundary Layer height
- PM, Particulate Matter: PM1(1 µm), PM2.5 (2.5 µm) and PM10(10.0 µm) diameter
- RH, Air relative humidity
- SARS, CoV Severe Outdoor Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus
- SARS, CoV-2 Severe Outdoor Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
- SI, Surface solar global irradiance
- SO2, Sulfur dioxide
- Synoptic meteorological circulation
- T, Air temperature at 2 m height
- p, Air pressure
- w, Wind speed intensity
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Zoran
- IT Department, National Institute of R&D for Optoelectronics, Atomistilor Street 409, MG5, Magurele, Bucharest 077125, Romania
| | - Roxana S Savastru
- IT Department, National Institute of R&D for Optoelectronics, Atomistilor Street 409, MG5, Magurele, Bucharest 077125, Romania
| | - Dan M Savastru
- IT Department, National Institute of R&D for Optoelectronics, Atomistilor Street 409, MG5, Magurele, Bucharest 077125, Romania
| | - Marina N Tautan
- IT Department, National Institute of R&D for Optoelectronics, Atomistilor Street 409, MG5, Magurele, Bucharest 077125, Romania
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27
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Li L, Zhu Y, Han B, Chen R, Man X, Sun X, Kan H, Lei Y. Acute exposure to air pollutants increase the risk of acute glaucoma. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1782. [PMID: 36127653 PMCID: PMC9487138 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14078-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ambient air pollution is related to the onset and progression of ocular disease. However, the effect of air pollutants on the acute glaucoma remains unclear. Objective To investigate the effect of air pollutants on the incidence of acute glaucoma (acute angle closure glaucoma and glaucomatocyclitic crisis) among adults. Methods We conducted a time-stratified case-crossover study based on the data of glaucoma outpatients from January, 2015 to Dec, 2021 in Shanghai, China. A conditional logistic regression model combined with a polynomial distributed lag model was applied for the statistical analysis. Each case serves as its own referent by comparing exposures on the day of the outpatient visit to the exposures on the other 3–4 control days on the same week, month and year. To fully capture the delayed effect of air pollution, we used a maximum lag of 7 days in main model. Results A total of 14,385 acute glaucoma outpatients were included in this study. We found exposure to PM2.5, PM10, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) significantly increased the odds of outpatient visit for acute glaucoma. Wherein the odds of acute glaucoma related to PM2.5 and NO2 were higher and more sustained, with OR of 1.07 (95%CI: 1.03–1.11) and 1.12 (95% CI: 1.08–1.17) for an IQR increase over lag 0–3 days, than PM10 and CO over lag 0–1 days (OR:1.03; 95% CI: 1.01–1.05; OR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.01–1.07). Conclusions This case-crossover study provided first-hand evidence that air pollutants, especially PM2.5 and NO2, significantly increased risk of acute glaucoma. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-14078-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Li
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yixiang Zhu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, P.O. Box 249, 130 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Binze Han
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, P.O. Box 249, 130 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Typhoon Institute/CMA, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xiaofei Man
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Center for Children's Health, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xinghuai Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, P.O. Box 249, 130 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Center for Children's Health, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yuan Lei
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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28
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Zoran MA, Savastru RS, Savastru DM, Tautan MN. Impacts of exposure to air pollution, radon and climate drivers on the COVID-19 pandemic in Bucharest, Romania: A time series study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113437. [PMID: 35594963 PMCID: PMC9113773 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
During the ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic disease, like several countries, Romania experienced a multiwaves pattern over more than two years. The spreading pattern of SARS-CoV-2 pathogens in the Bucharest, capital of Romania is a multi-factorial process involving among other factors outdoor environmental variables and viral inactivation. Through descriptive statistics and cross-correlation analysis applied to daily time series of observational and geospatial data, this study aims to evaluate the synergy of COVID-19 incidence and lethality with air pollution and radon under different climate conditions, which may exacerbate the coronavirus' effect on human health. During the entire analyzed period 1 January 2020-21 December 2021, for each of the four COVID-19 waves were recorded different anomalous anticyclonic synoptic meteorological patterns in the mid-troposphere, and favorable stability conditions during fall-early winter seasons for COVID-19 disease fast-spreading, mostly during the second, and the fourth waves. As the temporal pattern of airborne SARS-CoV-2 and its mutagen variants is affected by seasonal variability of the main air pollutants and climate parameters, this paper found: 1) the daily outdoor exposures to air pollutants (particulate matter PM2.5 and PM10, nitrogen dioxide-NO2, sulfur dioxide-SO2, carbon monoxide-CO) and radon - 222Rn, are directly correlated with the daily COVID-19 incidence and mortality, and may contribute to the spread and the severity of the pandemic; 2) the daily ground ozone-O3 levels, air temperature, Planetary Boundary Layer height, and surface solar irradiance are anticorrelated with the daily new COVID-19 incidence and deaths, averageingful for spring-summer periods. Outdoor exposure to ambient air pollution associated with radon is a non-negligible driver of COVID-19 transmission in large metropolitan areas, and climate variables are risk factors in spreading the viral infection. The findings of this study provide useful information for public health authorities and decision-makers to develop future pandemic diseases strategies in high polluted metropolitan environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Zoran
- National Institute of R&D for Optoelectronics, Bucharest, Magurele, Romania.
| | - Roxana S Savastru
- National Institute of R&D for Optoelectronics, Bucharest, Magurele, Romania
| | - Dan M Savastru
- National Institute of R&D for Optoelectronics, Bucharest, Magurele, Romania
| | - Marina N Tautan
- National Institute of R&D for Optoelectronics, Bucharest, Magurele, Romania
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29
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Romanov AA, Tamarovskaya AN, Gusev BA, Leonenko EV, Vasiliev AS, Krikunov EE. Catastrophic PM 2.5 emissions from Siberian forest fires: Impacting factors analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 306:119324. [PMID: 35513193 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With increased forest fires due to climate change, PM2.5 emissions also intensified. Record PM2.5 emissions according to Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service in Russia amounted to 8 megatons (Mt) in 2021, which is 78% higher than the average level of 2004-2021 (4.5 Mt). Seven federal subjects (the constituent entities) with vast forest areas without fire protection produced 86% of emissions (6.8 Mt) in 2021, the major losses (6.1 Mt) in Yakutia (Sakha Republic). The ambient temperature in Eastern Siberia is increasing, especially in months of winter and spring seasons (up to +3.6 °C) in 1990-2020 compared to 1901-2020 (CEDA Archive); climate change has affected meteorological conditions leading to increased forest fires. The results of the SARIMAX model study for PM2.5 emissions considering meteorological factors using ERA5 and burnt forest area using MODIS (MCD64A1), establishing a significant dependence of PM2.5 emissions on the lack of precipitation and the associated parameters of complete and potential evaporation. This influence long before the fire season (up to 9 months), as it affects the snow cover and the dryness of the fuel by the beginning of forest fires. In turn, high PM2.5 emission values are accompanied by a drop in 2 m air temperature and surface solar radiation downwards due to the aerosol saturation with suspended particles. The average COR for seven federal subjects was 0.79, with the highest forecast result in Yakutia (0.95), indicating the maximum propensity for record emissions due to weather conditions. In combination with forest management without fire protection, meteorological parameters have caused an increase in PM2.5 emissions in recent years in Siberia. The forest needs other ways to manage under the pressures of climate change to reduce environmental pollution associated with PM2.5 emissions from vast Siberian fires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey A Romanov
- Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia; A2 Research & Development Lab, Soissons, France.
| | - Anastasia N Tamarovskaya
- Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia; A2 Research & Development Lab, Soissons, France
| | - Boris A Gusev
- Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia; A2 Research & Development Lab, Soissons, France
| | | | | | - Elijah E Krikunov
- Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia; A2 Research & Development Lab, Soissons, France
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30
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Chen J, Hoek G, de Hoogh K, Rodopoulou S, Andersen ZJ, Bellander T, Brandt J, Fecht D, Forastiere F, Gulliver J, Hertel O, Hoffmann B, Hvidtfeldt UA, Verschuren WMM, Jöckel KH, Jørgensen JT, Katsouyanni K, Ketzel M, Méndez DY, Leander K, Liu S, Ljungman P, Faure E, Magnusson PKE, Nagel G, Pershagen G, Peters A, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Rizzuto D, Samoli E, van der Schouw YT, Schramm S, Severi G, Stafoggia M, Strak M, Sørensen M, Tjønneland A, Weinmayr G, Wolf K, Zitt E, Brunekreef B, Thurston GD. Long-Term Exposure to Source-Specific Fine Particles and Mortality─A Pooled Analysis of 14 European Cohorts within the ELAPSE Project. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:9277-9290. [PMID: 35737879 PMCID: PMC9261290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We assessed mortality risks associated with source-specific fine particles (PM2.5) in a pooled European cohort of 323,782 participants. Cox proportional hazard models were applied to estimate mortality hazard ratios (HRs) for source-specific PM2.5 identified through a source apportionment analysis. Exposure to 2010 annual average concentrations of source-specific PM2.5 components was assessed at baseline residential addresses. The source apportionment resulted in the identification of five sources: traffic, residual oil combustion, soil, biomass and agriculture, and industry. In single-source analysis, all identified sources were significantly positively associated with increased natural mortality risks. In multisource analysis, associations with all sources attenuated but remained statistically significant with traffic, oil, and biomass and agriculture. The highest association per interquartile increase was observed for the traffic component (HR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.04 and 1.08 per 2.86 μg/m3 increase) across five identified sources. On a 1 μg/m3 basis, the residual oil-related PM2.5 had the strongest association (HR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.05 and 1.22), which was substantially higher than that for generic PM2.5 mass, suggesting that past estimates using the generic PM2.5 exposure response function have underestimated the potential clean air health benefits of reducing fossil-fuel combustion. Source-specific associations with cause-specific mortality were in general consistent with findings of natural mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Institute
for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht
University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute
for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht
University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss
Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
- University
of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sophia Rodopoulou
- Department
of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Zorana J. Andersen
- Section
of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tom Bellander
- Institute
of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre
for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, 113 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jørgen Brandt
- Department
of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
- iClimate—Interdisciplinary
Center for Climate Change, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Daniela Fecht
- MRC
Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, W2
1PG London, U.K.
| | - Francesco Forastiere
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region
Health Service, ASL Roma
1, 00147 Rome, Italy
- Environmental Research Group, School of
Public Health, Imperial College London, W2 1PG London, U.K.
| | - John Gulliver
- MRC
Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, W2
1PG London, U.K.
- Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability
& School of
Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leicester, U.K.
| | - Ole Hertel
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus
University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Barbara Hoffmann
- Institute
for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre
for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40001 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - W. M. Monique Verschuren
- National Institute for Public Health and
the Environment, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical
Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical
Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45259 Essen, Germany
| | - Jeanette T. Jørgensen
- Section
of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klea Katsouyanni
- Department
of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
- Environmental Research Group, School of
Public Health, Imperial College London, W2 1PG London, U.K.
| | - Matthias Ketzel
- Department
of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), University of Surrey, GU2
7XH Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Diego Yacamán Méndez
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Region Stockholm, 113 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Leander
- Institute
of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shuo Liu
- Section
of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Petter Ljungman
- Institute
of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Danderyd
University
Hospital, 182 88 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elodie Faure
- University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy,
“Exposome and Heredity” Team, CESP UMR1018, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Patrik K. E. Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and
Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gabriele Nagel
- Institute
of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm
University, Helmholtzstrasse 22, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Göran Pershagen
- Institute
of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre
for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, 113 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute
of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig
Maximilians Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ole Raaschou-Nielsen
- Department
of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
- Danish
Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Debora Rizzuto
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences,
and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm
University, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evangelia Samoli
- Department
of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Yvonne T. van der Schouw
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sara Schramm
- Institute for Medical
Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical
Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45259 Essen, Germany
| | - Gianluca Severi
- University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy,
“Exposome and Heredity” Team, CESP UMR1018, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Applications
“G. Parenti” (DISIA), University
of Florence, 50121 Firenze FI, Italy
| | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Institute
of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region
Health Service, ASL Roma
1, 00147 Rome, Italy
| | - Maciej Strak
- Institute
for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht
University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
- National Institute for Public Health and
the Environment, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mette Sørensen
- Danish
Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Natural Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Section
of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish
Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gudrun Weinmayr
- Institute
of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm
University, Helmholtzstrasse 22, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Kathrin Wolf
- Institute
of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Emanuel Zitt
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine (aks), 6900 Bregenz, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, LKH Feldkirch, 6800 Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Institute
for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht
University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - George D. Thurston
- Departments of Environmental Medicine and
Population
Health, New York University Grossman School
of Medicine, New York, 10010-2598 New York, United States
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PM2.5 composition and disease aggravation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Environ Epidemiol 2022; 6:e204. [PMID: 35434459 PMCID: PMC9005248 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Larson PS, Espira L, Glenn BE, Larson MC, Crowe CS, Jang S, O’Neill MS. Long-Term PM 2.5 Exposure Is Associated with Symptoms of Acute Respiratory Infections among Children under Five Years of Age in Kenya, 2014. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052525. [PMID: 35270217 PMCID: PMC8909525 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Short-term exposures to air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM) have been associated with increased risk for symptoms of acute respiratory infections (ARIs). Less well understood is how long-term exposures to fine PM (PM2.5) might increase risk of ARIs and their symptoms. This research uses georeferenced Demographic Health Survey (DHS) data from Kenya (2014) along with a remote sensing based raster of PM2.5 concentrations to test associations between PM2.5 exposure and ARI symptoms in children for up to 12 monthly lags. Methods: Predicted PM2.5 concentrations were extracted from raster of monthly averages for latitude/longitude locations of survey clusters. These data and other environmental and demographic data were used in a logistic regression model of ARI symptoms within a distributed lag nonlinear modeling framework (DLNM) to test lag associations of PM2.5 exposure with binary presence/absence of ARI symptoms in the previous two weeks. Results: Out of 7036 children under five for whom data were available, 46.8% reported ARI symptoms in the previous two weeks. Exposure to PM2.5 within the same month and as an average for the previous 12 months was 18.31 and 22.1 µg/m3, respectively, far in excess of guidelines set by the World Health Organization. One-year average PM2.5 exposure was higher for children who experienced ARI symptoms compared with children who did not (22.4 vs. 21.8 µg/m3, p < 0.0001.) Logistic regression models using the DLNM framework indicated that while PM exposure was not significantly associated with ARI symptoms for early lags, exposure to high concentrations of PM2.5 (90th percentile) was associated with elevated odds for ARI symptoms along a gradient of lag exposure time even when controlling for age, sex, types of cooking fuels, and precipitation. Conclusions: Long-term exposure to high concentrations of PM2.5 may increase risk for acute respiratory problems in small children. However, more work should be carried out to increase capacity to accurately measure air pollutants in emerging economies such as Kenya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S. Larson
- Social Environment and Health Program, Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; (C.S.C.); (M.S.O.)
- Correspondence: (P.S.L.); (L.E.); Tel.: +1-734-730-2372 (P.S.L.)
| | - Leon Espira
- Center for Global Health Equity, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Correspondence: (P.S.L.); (L.E.); Tel.: +1-734-730-2372 (P.S.L.)
| | - Bailey E. Glenn
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;
| | | | - Christopher S. Crowe
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; (C.S.C.); (M.S.O.)
| | - Seoyeon Jang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA;
| | - Marie S. O’Neill
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; (C.S.C.); (M.S.O.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA;
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Thurston GD. Fossil fuel combustion and PM 2.5 mass air pollution associations with mortality. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 160:107066. [PMID: 34974236 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- George D Thurston
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY 10010-2598, USA.
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