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Lee JD, Chiou TH, Zhang HJ, Chao HR, Chen KY, Gou YY, Huang CE, Lin SL, Wang LC. Persistent Halogenated Organic Pollutants in Deep-Water-Deposited Particulates from South China Sea. TOXICS 2023; 11:968. [PMID: 38133369 PMCID: PMC10748163 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11120968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
POP data are limited in the marine environment; thus, this study aimed to investigate background persistent organic pollutant (POP) levels in oceanic deep-water-deposited particulates in the South China Sea (SCS). Six POPs, including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs), polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (PCDEs), and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), were investigated in eight pooled samples from the SCS from 20 September 2013 to 23 March 2014 and 15 April 2014 to 24 October 2014 at depths of 2000 m and 3500 m. PBDEs were the most predominant compounds, with the highest mean Σ14PBDE of 125 ± 114 ng/g dry weight (d.w.), followed by Σ17PCDD/F, Σ12PBDD/F, and Σ12DL-PCB (275 ± 1930, 253 ± 216, and 116 ± 166 pg/g d.w., respectively). Most PBDD/F, PBB, and PCDE congeners were below the detection limits. PCDDs had the highest toxic equivalency (TEQ), followed by PBDDs and DL-PCBs. Among the six POPs, PBDEs were the major components of the marine-deposited particles, regarding both concentrations and mass fluxes. Compared to 3500 m, PBDE levels were higher at a depth of 2000 m. PBDE mass fluxes were 20.9 and 14.2 ng/m2/day or 68.2 and 75.9 ng/m2/year at deep-water 2000 and 3500 m, respectively. This study first investigated POP levels in oceanic deep-water-deposited particles from existing global data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-De Lee
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; (J.-D.L.); (Y.-Y.G.)
| | - Tsyr-Huei Chiou
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - Hong-Jie Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100811, China;
| | - How-Ran Chao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; (J.-D.L.); (Y.-Y.G.)
- Center for Agricultural, Forestry, Fishery, Livestock and Aquaculture Carbon Emission Inventory and Emerging Compounds, General Research Service Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Institute of Food Safety Management, College of Agriculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C, Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Kuang-Yu Chen
- National Applied Research Laboratories, Taiwan Ocean Research Institute, Kaohsiung 852, Taiwan;
| | - Yan-You Gou
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; (J.-D.L.); (Y.-Y.G.)
| | - Chien-Er Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Cheng Shiu University, Niaosong District, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- Super Micro Mass Research & Technology Center, Cheng Shiu University, Niaosong District, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Lun Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - Lin-Chi Wang
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Nanzih District, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
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Cao S, Zhang P, Cai M, Yang Y, Liu Y, Ge L, Ma H. Occurrence, spatial distributions, and ecological risk of pyrethroids in coastal regions of South Yellow and East China Seas. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 179:113725. [PMID: 35567963 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroids are increasingly receiving attention as aqueous micropollutants, but their presence has been reported only in a few small coastal areas. In this study, we investigated the distribution, sources, and risks of nine pyrethroids in large marine zones. The 40 seawater samples were collected from the South Yellow Sea (SYS) and East China Sea (ECS) in China, during the spring of 2020, using a high-volume, solid-phase extraction method. The total pyrethroid concentrations ranged from 0.72 to 1.82 ng L-1 in the SYS and from 0.02 to 11.0 ng L-1 in the ECS. We used cluster analysis to classify pollutant sources into five categories, and discussed the influence of sources on the transport and distribution of pyrethroids in each group. Ecological risk assessment indicated that pyrethroids pose a high risk to crustaceans and a negligible risk to others. These results are important for understanding the behavior of pyrethroids in marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengkai Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China.
| | - Minghong Cai
- Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, PR China
| | - Yan Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Yanguang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), Qingdao 266061, PR China
| | - Linke Ge
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China.
| | - Hongrui Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
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van der Schyff V, Kwet Yive NSC, Polder A, Cole NC, Tatayah V, Kylin H, Bouwman H. Persistent organic pollutants in sea bird eggs from the Indian Ocean's Mascarene Basin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 771:145348. [PMID: 33540163 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report the concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in seabird eggs from St. Brandon's Atoll, a tropical island system in the western Indian Ocean. Ten eggs each of sooty terns (Onychoprion fuscatus), fairy terns (Gygis alba), and common noddies (Anous stolidus) were collected from the atoll. For a terrestrial reference, we analysed three feral chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) eggs from the same location. Sooty tern eggs contained the highest mean concentrations of three chemical classes: ƩCHL3 (0.21 ng/g wm; wet mass), ƩPCB10 (1.5 ng/g wm), and ƩPBDE6 (1.1 ng/g wm). Fairy tern eggs contained the highest mean concentrations of HCB (0.68 ng/g wm) and ƩCHB5 (0.83 ng/g wm). The chicken eggs contained the highest mean concentrations of ƩDDT3 (2.6 ng/g wm), while common noddy eggs contained the highest mean concentrations of ƩHCH2 (0.5 ng/g wm). We surmise that the differences in chemical composition between species reflect different pollutant compositions in prey from the bird's different foraging ranges. The sooty terns foraging offshore contained higher POPs concentrations than the nearshore-foraging common noddies. Fairy tern eggs contained intermediate concentrations, commensurate with their intermediate foraging. Inter-island differences in contaminant concentrations were seen between eggs of the common noddies from St. Brandon's Atoll and Rodrigues Island, 520 km to the south-east. Concentrations of contaminants found in this study were lower than values quantified by other studies, making St. Brandon's Atoll an ideal reference site to monitor background concentrations of POPs in the tropical Indian Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica van der Schyff
- Research Unit, Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | | | - Anuschka Polder
- Research Unit, Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - Nik C Cole
- Research Unit, Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, Les Augrès Manor, Trinity, Jersey Channel Islands, UK; Mauritian Wildlife Foundation, Grannum Road, Vacoas, Mauritius
| | - Vikash Tatayah
- Mauritian Wildlife Foundation, Grannum Road, Vacoas, Mauritius
| | - Henrik Kylin
- Research Unit, Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Department of Water and Environmental Studies, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hindrik Bouwman
- Research Unit, Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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van der Schyff V, du Preez M, Blom K, Kwet Yive NSC, Klánová J, Přibylová P, Audy O, Martiník J, Bouwman H. Chlorinated and brominated persistent compounds in hard coral, soft coral, and parrotfish from remote Mascarene islands. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 267:129316. [PMID: 33352370 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Persistent halogenated compounds (PHC) are of concern for human and environmental health. Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are regulated by international treaties, but alternative compounds such as novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) and Dechlorane Plus (DP) are not-yet they are increasingly used. There are no data on PHCs in coral reef biota from tropical islands in the western Indian Ocean (WIO). For this assessment, three hard coral genera, two soft coral genera, and ember parrotfish (Scarus rubroviolaceus) were collected from the remote Rodrigues, Agalega, and St. Brandon's Atoll (Republic of Mauritius) in the Mascarene Basin of the WIO. Five compounds - Pentabromotoluene (PBT), γ-HCH, p,p'-DDE, HCB, and BDE-47- were quantifiable in all samples. Hard coral consistently contained the lowest concentrations of PHCs, except for NBFRs. The presence of BDE-47 suggests long-range aerial transport. We quantified DP, currently a candidate POP, in coral reef biota. PBT was measured in all samples also suggests long-range transport. Because the hard coral, soft coral, and fish had differing concentrations and patterns of PHCs, future surveys should stratify sampling accordingly. Agalega and St. Brandon's Atoll can be considered as locations to monitor changes in background concentrations of pollutants due to their remoteness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica van der Schyff
- Research Unit: Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | - Marinus du Preez
- Research Unit: Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Karin Blom
- Research Unit: Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | | | - Jana Klánová
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Sciences, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Přibylová
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Sciences, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Audy
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Sciences, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Martiník
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Sciences, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hindrik Bouwman
- Research Unit: Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Saktrakulkla P, Lan T, Hua J, Marek RF, Thorne PS, Hornbuckle KC. Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Food. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:11443-11452. [PMID: 32816464 PMCID: PMC7759298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We measured the concentrations of 205 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners in 26 food items: beef steak, butter, canned tuna, catfish, cheese, eggs, french fries, fried chicken, ground beef, ground pork, hamburger, hot dog, ice cream, liver, luncheon meat, margarine, meat-free dinner, milk, pizza, poultry, salmon, sausage, shrimp, sliced ham, tilapia, and vegetable oil. Using Diet History Questionnaire II, we calculated the PCB dietary exposure in mothers and children participating in the AESOP Study in East Chicago, Indiana, and Columbus Junction, Iowa. Salmon had the highest concentration followed by canned tuna, but fish is a minor contributor to exposure. Other animal proteins are more important sources of PCB dietary exposure in this study population. Despite the inclusion of few congeners and food types in previous studies, we found evidence of a decline in PCB concentrations over the last 20 years. We also found strong associations of PCB congener distributions with Aroclors in most foods and found manufacturing byproduct PCBs, including PCB11, in tilapia and catfish. The reduction in PCB levels in food indicates that dietary exposure is comparable to PCB inhalation exposures reported for the same study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panithi Saktrakulkla
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, IIHR-Hydroscience and Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Tuo Lan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, and The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Jason Hua
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, IIHR-Hydroscience and Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Rachel F Marek
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, IIHR-Hydroscience and Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Peter S Thorne
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, and The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Keri C Hornbuckle
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, IIHR-Hydroscience and Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
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6
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Munschy C, Bely N, Héas-Moisan K, Olivier N, Pollono C, Hollanda S, Bodin N. Tissue-specific bioaccumulation of a wide range of legacy and emerging persistent organic contaminants in swordfish (Xiphias gladius) from Seychelles, Western Indian Ocean. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 158:111436. [PMID: 32753219 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Swordfish (Xiphias gladius) is a major marine resource of high economic value to industrial and artisanal fisheries. As a top predator with a long lifespan, it is prone to accumulate high levels of contaminants. The bioaccumulation of a wide range of both legacy and emerging persistent organic contaminants was investigated in the muscle, liver and gonads of swordfish collected from the Seychelles, western Indian Ocean. The detection of all target contaminants, some at frequencies above 80%, highlights their widespread occurrence, albeit at low levels. Mean concentrations in muscle were 5637, 491 and 331 pg g-1 ww for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), respectively. ∑BFR mean concentrations were far below, i.e. 47 pg g-1 ww. The data are among the first obtained for such a high diversity of contaminants in an oceanic top predator worldwide and constitute a benchmark of the contamination of Indian Ocean ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Munschy
- IFREMER (French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea), Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Organic Contaminants, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 3, France.
| | - N Bely
- IFREMER (French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea), Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Organic Contaminants, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - K Héas-Moisan
- IFREMER (French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea), Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Organic Contaminants, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - N Olivier
- IFREMER (French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea), Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Organic Contaminants, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - C Pollono
- IFREMER (French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea), Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Organic Contaminants, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - S Hollanda
- SFA (Seychelles Fishing Authority), Fishing Port, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles
| | - N Bodin
- SFA (Seychelles Fishing Authority), Fishing Port, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles; IRD (French Research Institute for Sustainable Development), Fishing Port, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles
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Munschy C, Vigneau E, Bely N, Héas-Moisan K, Olivier N, Pollono C, Hollanda S, Bodin N. Legacy and emerging organic contaminants: Levels and profiles in top predator fish from the western Indian Ocean in relation to their trophic ecology. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 188:109761. [PMID: 32562947 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Tuna and billfish are large pelagic fish of ecological importance in open oceans. As top predators with a long lifespan, they are prone to exposure to various contaminants such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and contaminants of emerging concern. In this study, three pollutant families were investigated, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs) and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), including perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs). Contamination was investigated in individuals from three tropical tuna species, namely bigeye (Thunnus obesus), skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis) and yellowfin (Thunnusalbacares) tunas and the billfish swordfish (Xiphias gladius), collected from various areas of the western Indian Ocean (WIO) in 2013-2014. Contamination levels and profiles were examined in fish muscle, together with biological parameters (fish length / age, sex, lipid content) and ecological tracers (carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes). POP levels were low in all species in comparison to other locations worldwide, revealing a low impact of anthropogenic organic contaminants in the WIO. A predominance of OCPs (especially DDTs) versus PCBs was highlighted in all species; PFASs were predominant over chlorinated POPs in tunas. Among the studied PFASs, long-chain PFCAs were found to prevail over PFOS in all species. Organic contaminant profiles differed across species according to their foraging habitat; swordfish and bigeye tuna, which both feed in deep oceanic layers, showed similarities in their contaminant profiles. Geographically, the distinct DDT profiles of fish from the Mozambique Channel suggested an exposure to different DDT sources, in line with regional use of this insecticide and coupled with an extended residence time of fish in the Channel. To our knowledge, the data presented here are among the first obtained for legacy and emerging organic contaminants in various species of large pelagic predators from the WIO.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Munschy
- IFREMER (French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea), Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Organic Contaminants, Rue de L'Ile D'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311, Nantes Cedex 3, France.
| | - E Vigneau
- StatSC, ONIRIS, INRA, 44322, Nantes, France
| | - N Bely
- IFREMER (French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea), Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Organic Contaminants, Rue de L'Ile D'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - K Héas-Moisan
- IFREMER (French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea), Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Organic Contaminants, Rue de L'Ile D'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - N Olivier
- IFREMER (French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea), Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Organic Contaminants, Rue de L'Ile D'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - C Pollono
- IFREMER (French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea), Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Organic Contaminants, Rue de L'Ile D'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - S Hollanda
- SFA (Seychelles Fishing Authority), Fishing Port, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles
| | - N Bodin
- SFA (Seychelles Fishing Authority), Fishing Port, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles; Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), UMR MARBEC, Fishing Port, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles
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Klinčić D, Herceg Romanić S, Kljaković-Gašpić Z, Tičina V. Legacy persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in archive samples of wild Bluefin tuna from the Mediterranean Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 155:111086. [PMID: 32469755 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were quantified in archive samples of dorsal white muscle of the wild Bluefin tuna (BFT) (n = 9) collected in the central Adriatic. PCBs were the predominant organochlorine (OC) compounds (60.8-69.4% of the total OC load) found. The contribution of HCB and ΣHCHs was significantly lower, ranging from <LOD (α- and β-HCH) to 1.5% (γ-HCH). p,p'-DDE was the predominant OCP compound (60-89% of the ΣOCPs). PCB and DDT levels were comparable to the values previously found for tuna from the Mediterranean Sea, known as one of the areas most polluted by PCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darija Klinčić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
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9
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Qiu YW, Wang DX, Zhang G. Assessment of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in sediments of the Eastern Indian Ocean. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 710:136335. [PMID: 31926415 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in sediments from the Eastern Indian Ocean were analyzed by GC-MS/MS to explore the status of contamination, distribution and their potential sources and risk. The average (±SD) concentrations of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (∑16PAHs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (∑10PBDEs), dechlorane plus (∑2DP), organochlorine pesticides (∑22OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (∑31PCBs) in sediments were 79,900 ± 31,400, 173 ± 62, 42 ± 24, 1051 ± 305 and 147 ± 24 pg g-1 dw (or 11,200 ± 7200, 28 ± 26, 6 ± 6, 168 ± 121 and 24 ± 17 ng g-1 organic carbon), respectively. The concentrations of POPs in sediments were generally at low to median levels compared to those recorded in other ocean sediments. Composition analyses suggest that PAHs originate from both petrogenic and pyrogenic sources, while dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) mainly comes from technical-DDT, hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) from lindane, and chlordane from fresh inputs. The risk assessments show that the targeted chemicals except for chlordane and naphthalene in sediments do not pose potential biological effects to the organisms in the Eastern Indian Ocean. The present study contributes to the very rare data on PAHs, PBDEs, DP, OCPs and PCBs in the vast deep-ocean and will deepen our knowledge of the fate of POPs in ocean environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Wen Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510301, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ocean Remote Sensing, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
| | - Dong-Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Muñoz CC, Vermeiren P. Maternal Transfer of Persistent Organic Pollutants to Sea Turtle Eggs: A Meta-Analysis Addressing Knowledge and Data Gaps Toward an Improved Synthesis of Research Outputs. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:9-29. [PMID: 31560792 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Maternal transfer of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) confronts developing embryos with a pollution legacy and poses conservation concerns due to its potential impacts unto subsequent generations. We conducted a systematic review focusing on: 1) processes of POP maternal transfer, 2) challenges and opportunities to synthesizing current knowledge on POP concentrations in eggs, and 3) a meta-analysis of patterns in current egg pollution data. Results suggest selective maternal transfer of individual compounds. These relate to biological factors such as the foraging and remigration behavior, and to the selective mobilization of POPs during vitellogenesis, such as increased diffusion limitation for lipophilic POPs and slower release and higher reabsorption of apolar POPs. A key gap relates to knowledge of further selective toxicokinetics during embryonic development, as research to date has mainly focused on initial uptake into eggs. Challenges in the synthesis of current data on egg contamination profiles relate to methodological differences, varying analytical approaches, restricted data access, and reporting transparency among studies. To increase opportunities in the use of current data, we propose best practice guidelines, and synthesize a database on POP concentrations within sea turtle eggs. The meta-analysis revealed a geographical and taxonomic bias on the West Atlantic Ocean, including the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea, with most studies conducted on green turtles. Concentrations of POPs show temporal patterns related to trends in usage, production, release, and persistence in the environment, often with regional patterns. The trophic level has the potential to influence POP patterns with higher concentrations in loggerheads compared to other species, but this is confounded by temporal and geographic trends. We argue for more mechanistically process-focused and methodologically comparable research. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;39:9-29. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia C Muñoz
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Peter Vermeiren
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
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Pizzochero AC, de la Torre A, Sanz P, Navarro I, Michel LN, Lepoint G, Das K, Schnitzler JG, Chenery SR, McCarthy ID, Malm O, Dorneles PR, Martínez MÁ. Occurrence of legacy and emerging organic pollutants in whitemouth croakers from Southeastern Brazil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 682:719-728. [PMID: 31129551 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The whitemouth croaker (Micropogonias furnieri) is one of the most commercially important species along the Atlantic coast of South America. Moreover, some of its biological traits (long life span, inshore feeding, high trophic position) make this species a suitable sentinel of coastal pollution. Here, we investigated contamination by multiple legacy and emerging organic pollutants, such as brominated and chlorinated flame retardants, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), in whitemouth croakers from two estuaries (Guanabara and Sepetiba Bays) located in industrialized and urbanized areas in Rio de Janeiro State, Southeastern Brazil. Furthermore, we assessed how biological and ecological features could explain the observed contamination patterns. Regarding brominated flame retardants, concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) varied from 7.6 to 879.7 pg g-1 wet weight (w.w.), with high contribution of tetra-, penta-, hexa- and deca-BDEs. The sum of chlorinated flame retardants (dechlorane-related compounds, ΣDRC) ranged from <LOD to 41.1 pg g-1 w.w., mostly represented by Dechlorane 603 and Dechlorane Plus (DP). Concentrations of PCDDs and PCDFs varied from <LOD to 1.7 pg g-1 w.w., while the Toxic Equivalent (TEQ-PCDD/Fs) levels ranged from 0.1 to 0.2 pg g-1 w.w. Positive correlations between δ15N and concentrations of tri-, tetra- and penta-BDEs, as well as ΣDRC, DP and anti-DP isomers suggested that ecological factors (namely biomagnification along the food web) influence contamination of whitemouth croakers in the estuaries studied. Moreover, the sum of PBDEs (ΣPBDE), tri- and tetra-BDEs concentrations were negatively correlated with fish size, suggesting that depuration by fishes and/or habitat shift throughout the whitemouth croaker's life cycle might also influence concentrations. Overall, our study emphasized the need for further investigations to help understand the complex patterns of bioaccumulation and biomagnification that seem to exist in Southeastern Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Pizzochero
- Radioisotope Laboratory, Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil.
| | - Adrián de la Torre
- Persistent Organic Pollutants Group, Environmental Department, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Sanz
- Persistent Organic Pollutants Group, Environmental Department, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Navarro
- Persistent Organic Pollutants Group, Environmental Department, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
| | - Loïc N Michel
- Freshwater and Oceanic Sciences Unit of reSearch (FOCUS), Laboratory of Oceanology, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Gilles Lepoint
- Freshwater and Oceanic Sciences Unit of reSearch (FOCUS), Laboratory of Oceanology, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Krishna Das
- Freshwater and Oceanic Sciences Unit of reSearch (FOCUS), Laboratory of Oceanology, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Joseph G Schnitzler
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research (ITAW), University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Simon R Chenery
- British Geological Survey (BGS), Kingsley Dunham Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ian D McCarthy
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University (BU), Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Olaf Malm
- Radioisotope Laboratory, Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil
| | - Paulo R Dorneles
- Radioisotope Laboratory, Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil
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Lavandier R, Arêas J, Quinete N, de Moura JF, Taniguchi S, Montone R, Siciliano S, Hauser-Davis RA, Moreira I. PCB and PBDE contamination in Tursiops truncatus and Stenella frontalis, two data-deficient threatened dolphin species from the Brazilian coast. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 167:485-493. [PMID: 30368142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) levels were assessed in the liver and muscle of two data-deficient threatened dolphin species, the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus, n = 4) and the Atlantic spotted dolphin (Stenella frontalis, n = 6), sampled off the Southeastern Brazilian coast. PCB concentrations were greater in liver compared to muscle, with males presenting higher concentrations than females. The three main detected PCB congeners were PCBs 138, 153 and 180. A predominance of hexachlorinated congeners was observed, followed by hepta- and penta-PCBs. For both species, Cl 3 and Cl 4 levels were higher in muscle compared to liver, while Cl 5 to Cl 8 and ∑PCBs were higher in liver. PBDE concentrations were significantly higher in Atlantic spotted dolphin muscle and liver compared to bottlenose dolphins. Similarly to PCBs, the highest PBDE concentrations were observed in males. The presence of PBDE congeners BDE-47, -100 and -99 in the muscle and liver of both species suggests the existence of a pollution source in Brazil by a penta-BDE mixture, as PBDEs have never been produced in Brazil. Interspecific PCB and PBDE profiles were very similar, which may be related to the similar characteristics of the analyzed species, mainly geographic distribution and life and feeding habits. This study furthers knowledge on environmental PCB and PBDE contamination, assisting in the establishment of dolphin population conservation strategies. In addition, this study calls into question the current threshold values established for PCBs and PBDEs, and demonstrates the lack of information and knowledge in this regard for cetaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Lavandier
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rua Marquês de São Vicente, 225, Gávea, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22453-900, Brazil.
| | - Jennifer Arêas
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Natalia Quinete
- Southeast Environmental Research Center (SERC) - Florida International University, University Park, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Jailson F de Moura
- Systems Ecology Group, Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Fahrenheitstrasse 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Satie Taniguchi
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Praça do Oceanográfico 191, Butantã, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Rosalinda Montone
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Praça do Oceanográfico 191, Butantã, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Salvatore Siciliano
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis
- Centro de Estudos da Saúde do Trabalhador e Ecologia Humana (CESTEH), ENSP, FIOCRUZ, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, 1480, 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isabel Moreira
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rua Marquês de São Vicente, 225, Gávea, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22453-900, Brazil
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Nicklisch SCT, Bonito LT, Sandin S, Hamdoun A. Geographic Differences in Persistent Organic Pollutant Levels of Yellowfin Tuna. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:067014. [PMID: 28686554 PMCID: PMC5714290 DOI: 10.1289/ehp518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fish are a source of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the human diet. Although species, trophic level, and means of production are typically considered in predicting fish pollutant load, and thus recommendations of consumption, capture location is usually not accounted for. OBJECTIVES Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) are harvested from across the world's oceans and are widely consumed. Here, we determined geographic variation in the overall mass, concentration, and composition of POPs in yellowfin and examined the differences in levels of several POP congeners of potential relevance to human health. METHODS We sampled dorsal muscle of 117 yellowfin tuna from 12 locations worldwide, and measured POP levels using combined liquid or gas chromatography and mass spectrometry according to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standard procedures. RESULTS POP levels varied significantly among sites, more than 36-fold on a mass basis. Individual fish levels ranged from 0.16 to 138.29 ng/g wet weight and lipid-normalized concentrations from 0.1 to 12.7 μM. Levels of 10 congeners that interfere with the cellular defense protein P-glycoprotein, termed transporter interfering compounds (TICs), ranged from 0.05 to 35.03 ng/g wet weight and from 0.03 to 3.32 μM in tuna lipid. Levels of TICs, and their individual congeners, were strongly associated with the overall POP load. Risk-based analysis of several carcinogenic POPs indicated that the fish with the highest levels of these potentially harmful compounds were clustered at specific geographic locations. CONCLUSIONS Capture location is an important consideration when assessing the level and risk of human exposure to POPs through ingestion of wild fish. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP518.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha C T Nicklisch
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lindsay T Bonito
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Stuart Sandin
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Amro Hamdoun
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California, USA
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Pemberthy D, Quintero A, Martrat MG, Parera J, Ábalos M, Abad E, Villa AL. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and dioxin-like PCBs in commercialized food products from Colombia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 568:1185-1191. [PMID: 27173454 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) are commonly known as dioxins and are the most toxic members of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) because present a variety of health effects especially as promoting agent of growing and transformation of cancer cells. They are bio-accumulate in humans primarily via the diet, specifically by ingestion of foods that have high lipid content which are generally associated with foods of animal origin such as oils and fats and with fishery and dairy products. In Colombia the Ministry of Health and Social Protection which is the entity responsible for surveillance food conditions, has established maximum levels for dioxins and dl-PCBs in oils from animal and vegetable origins. Oils of vegetable and animal origin represent an appreciable intake in the country thus the presence of dioxins and dl-PCBs in these materials is a matter of concern because they can bioaccumulate in fat. In this contribution the levels of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs in olive, soybean, fish oil, butter and shrimp consumed in Colombia were determined using HRGC-HRMS and were compared with the maximum levels permitted in oil samples according to both the Colombian and European regulations. WHO-TEQ concentrations for PCDD/Fs and dioxin like PCBs ranged from 0.24 to 1.710pgWHO-TEQ PCDD/Fg(-1) of fat and from 0.050 to 3.000pgWHO-TEQ PCBg(-1) of fat, respectively. As expected, fish oils and shrimp present the highest WHO-TEQ PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs values followed by butter and soybean oil sample, while the olive oil shows the lowest levels. In general, the vegetable oils show levels below the limits established by both the Colombian and European regulations. The levels from soybean oil found in this study were slightly higher than the threshold established both by the Commission Regulation European Union (EU) and the Colombian legislation, while fish oils showed concentrations above the European regulations. Furthermore, shrimp exhibited values below the maximum concentration levels established by the EU and Colombian regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pemberthy
- Environmental Catalysis Research Group, Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering School, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-2, Medellín, Colombia; Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Institute of Environmental Assessments and Water Research, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Quintero
- Environmental Catalysis Research Group, Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering School, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-2, Medellín, Colombia
| | - M G Martrat
- Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Institute of Environmental Assessments and Water Research, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Parera
- Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Institute of Environmental Assessments and Water Research, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Ábalos
- Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Institute of Environmental Assessments and Water Research, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Abad
- Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Institute of Environmental Assessments and Water Research, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A L Villa
- Environmental Catalysis Research Group, Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering School, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-2, Medellín, Colombia.
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da Silva AMF, Pavesi T, Rosa ACS, Santos TPD, de Medeiros Tabalipa M, Lemes VRR, Alves SR, de Novaes Sarcinelli P. Organochlorines and polychlorinated biphenyl environmental pollution in south coast of Rio De Janeiro state. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 108:325-331. [PMID: 27184129 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the burden of environmental pollution by Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Organochlorine Pesticides (OCs) in two localities of Rio de Janeiro coast, through the determination of these levels in specimens of mullets and croakers collected from May to August 2008, at Guanabara Bay (GB) and from Araújo Island (AI), at Paraty Bay. Twenty three organochlorine pollutants were detected in croakers at GB and twenty in mullets and all PCBs congeners investigated in the study were present in the two species. Ratio ∑DDT/∑PCB of 1.4 shows an important contribution of agricultural residues in GB and p,p'-DDE/∑DDT of 0.1 demonstrates a reintroduction of DDT. Consumption of mullet may represent a risk to the health of fishermen families from GB, with average and maximum estimated daily intake of ∑DDT of 9.012μg/kg p.c. and 26,174μg/kg p.c., representing 45% and 131% of ADI established by WHO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Ferreira da Silva
- Centro de Estudos da Saúde do Trabalhador e Ecologia Humana, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, 1480, CEP 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thelma Pavesi
- Centro de Estudos da Saúde do Trabalhador e Ecologia Humana, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, 1480, CEP 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Simões Rosa
- Centro de Estudos da Saúde do Trabalhador e Ecologia Humana, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, 1480, CEP 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tatyane Pereira Dos Santos
- Centro de Estudos da Saúde do Trabalhador e Ecologia Humana, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, 1480, CEP 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marianne de Medeiros Tabalipa
- Centro de Estudos da Saúde do Trabalhador e Ecologia Humana, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, 1480, CEP 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vera Regina Rossi Lemes
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, Coordenadoria de Controle de Doenças, Divisão de Bromatologia e Química, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 355, Cerqueira Cesar, CEP 01246-902 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Rabello Alves
- Centro de Estudos da Saúde do Trabalhador e Ecologia Humana, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, 1480, CEP 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paula de Novaes Sarcinelli
- Centro de Estudos da Saúde do Trabalhador e Ecologia Humana, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, 1480, CEP 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Munschy C, Bodin N, Potier M, Héas-Moisan K, Pollono C, Degroote M, West W, Hollanda SJ, Puech A, Bourjea J, Nikolic N. Persistent Organic Pollutants in albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga) from Reunion Island (Southwest Indian Ocean) and South Africa in relation to biological and trophic characteristics. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 148:196-206. [PMID: 27084988 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga) by Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), namely polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT), was investigated in individuals collected from Reunion Island (RI) and South Africa's (SA) southern coastlines in 2013, in relation to biological parameters and feeding ecology. The results showed lower PCB and DDT concentrations than those previously reported in various tuna species worldwide. A predominance of DDTs over PCBs was revealed, reflecting continuing inputs of DDT. Tuna collected from SA exhibited higher contamination levels than those from RI, related to higher dietary inputs and higher total lipid content. Greater variability in contamination levels and profiles was identified in tuna from RI, explained by a higher diversity of prey and more individualistic foraging behaviour. PCB and DDT contamination levels and profiles varied significantly in tuna from the two investigated areas, probably reflecting exposure to different sources of contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Munschy
- IFREMER (Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer), Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Organic Contaminants, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 3, France.
| | - N Bodin
- IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement), UMR 248 MARBEC (MARine Biodiversity, Exploitation & Conservation), Fishing Port, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles
| | - M Potier
- IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement), UMR 248 MARBEC (MARine Biodiversity, Exploitation & Conservation), Centre de Recherche Halieutique, Avenue Jean Monnet, BP 171, 34200 Sète, France
| | - K Héas-Moisan
- IFREMER (Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer), Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Organic Contaminants, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - C Pollono
- IFREMER (Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer), Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Organic Contaminants, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - M Degroote
- IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement), UMR 248 MARBEC (MARine Biodiversity, Exploitation & Conservation), Fishing Port, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles
| | - W West
- DAFF (Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries), Private Bag X2, Roggebaai 8012, South Africa
| | - S J Hollanda
- SFA (Seychelles Fishing Authority), Fishing Port, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles
| | - A Puech
- IFREMER, Délégation Ocean Indien, Rue Jean Bertho, BP 60, 97822 Le Port Cedex, La Réunion, France
| | - J Bourjea
- IFREMER, UMR 248 MARBEC (MARine Biodiversity, Exploitation & Conservation), Centre de Recherche Halieutique, Avenue Jean Monnet, BP 171, 34200 Sète, France
| | - N Nikolic
- IFREMER, Délégation Ocean Indien, Rue Jean Bertho, BP 60, 97822 Le Port Cedex, La Réunion, France
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Bonito LT, Hamdoun A, Sandin SA. Evaluation of the global impacts of mitigation on persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic pollutants in marine fish. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1573. [PMID: 26839747 PMCID: PMC4734435 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic pollutants (PBTs) are well-studied individually, their distribution and variability on a global scale are largely unknown, particularly in marine fish. Using 2,662 measurements collected from peer-reviewed literature spanning 1969-2012, we examined variability of five classes of PBTs, considering effects of geography, habitat, and trophic level on observed concentrations. While we see large-scale spatial patterning in some PBTs (chlordanes, polychlorinated biphenyls), habitat type and trophic level did not contribute to significant patterning, with the exception of mercury. We further examined patterns of change in PBT concentration as a function of sampling year. All PBTs showed significant declines in concentration levels through time, ranging from 15-30% reduction per decade across PBT groups. Despite consistent evidence of reductions, variation in pollutant concentration remains high, indicating ongoing consumer risk of exposure to fish with pollutant levels exceeding EPA screening values. The temporal trends indicate that mitigation programs are effective, but that global levels decline slowly. In order for monitoring efforts to provide more targeted assessments of risk to PBT exposure, these data highlight an urgent need for improved replication and standardization of pollutant monitoring protocols for marine finfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay T Bonito
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, CA , United States of America
| | - Amro Hamdoun
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, CA , United States of America
| | - Stuart A Sandin
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, CA , United States of America
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Ito A, Yamashita R, Takada H, Yamamoto T, Shiomi K, Zavalaga C, Abe T, Watanabe S, Yamamoto M, Sato K, Kohno H, Yoda K, Iida T, Watanuki Y. Contaminants in tracked seabirds showing regional patterns of marine pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:7862-7867. [PMID: 23755887 DOI: 10.1021/es4014773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ocean-scale monitoring of pollution is challenging. Seabirds are useful indicators because they travel over a broad foraging range. Nevertheless, this coarse spatial resolution is not fine enough to discriminate pollution in a finer scale. Previous studies have demonstrated that pollution levels are higher in the Sea of Japan and South and East China Seas than the Northen Pacific Ocean. To test these findings in a wide-ranging animal, we tracked streaked shearwaters (Calonectris leucomelas) from four islands in Japan using global positioning system (GPS) and measured persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the oil of their preen glands. The POPs did not change during 6 to 21 days when birds from Awashima were foraging only in the Sea of Japan, while it increased when they crossed to the Pacific through the Tsugaru Strait and foraged along the eastern coast of Hokkaido where industrial cities occur. These results indicate that POPs in the oil reflect relatively short-term exposure. Concentrations of POPs displayed greater variation among regions. Total polychlorinated biphenyls were highest in birds foraging in a small area of the semiclosed Seto Inland Sea surrounded by urbanized coast, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) was highest in birds foraging in the East China Sea, and total hexachlorocyclohexanes were highest in birds foraging in the Sea of Japan. All were lowest in birds foraging in the Pacific. This distribution of POPs concentration partly agrees with previous findings based on mussels, fish, and seawater and possibly reflects the mobility and emission sources of each type of POP. These results highlight the importance of information on the foraging area of highly mobile top predators to make them more effective monitors of regional marine pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuo Ito
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University , Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
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Lavandier R, Quinete N, Hauser-Davis RA, Dias PS, Taniguchi S, Montone R, Moreira I. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in three fish species from an estuary in the southeastern coast of Brazil. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 90:2435-2443. [PMID: 23211324 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and Polybrominated Diphenyls Ethers (PBDEs) are two highly lipophilic classes of persistent organic pollutants able to resist degradation and with the ability to bioaccumulate through the food chain. In Brazil, there are still few studies on PCBs and PBDEs in aquatic organisms. In this study, we determined the levels of PBDEs and PCBs in three different fish species from the Ilha Grande Bay, located in the southern state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. PBDEs levels were very low, with values below the limit of quantification. PCBs concentrations ranged from 2.29 to 27.60 ng g(-1) ww in muscle and from 3.41 to 34.22 ng g(-1) ww in liver of the three investigated fish species. Significant positive correlations were established between PCBs concentration and fish biometric variables in mullet (length and lipid content) and a statistically significant change between seasons in croaker was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Lavandier
- Department of Chemistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rua Marquês de São Vicente, 225, Gávea - Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22453-900, Brazil.
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Sprague M, Dick JR, Medina A, Tocher DR, Bell JG, Mourente G. Lipid and fatty acid composition, and persistent organic pollutant levels in tissues of migrating Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus, L.) broodstock. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2012; 171:61-71. [PMID: 22885218 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Lipid class, fatty acid and POP levels were measured in migrating Atlantic bluefin tuna (ABT) tissues caught off the Barbate coast, Spain. Tissue lipids were largely characterized by triacylglycerol, reflecting large energy reserves accumulated prior to reproductive migration. Fatty acid compositions of muscle, liver and adipose exhibited similar profiles, whereas gonads showed a higher affinity for docosahexaenoic acid. Tissue POP concentrations correlated positively with percentage triacylglycerol and negatively with polar lipids. Highest POP concentrations were in adipose and lowest in gonads, reflecting lipid content. DL-PCBs contributed most to total PCDD/F + DL-PCB levels, with mono-ortho concentrations higher in tissues, whereas non-ortho PCBs contributed greater WHO-TEQs due to differences in TEFs. PBDE47 was the most prominent BDE congener in tissues, probably through biotransformation of BDE99 and other higher brominated congeners. The perceived POP risk from ABT consumption should be balanced by the well-established beneficial effects on human health of omega-3 fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sprague
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK.
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Bouwman H, Kylin H, Yive NSCK, Tatayah V, Løken K, Skaare JU, Polder A. First report of chlorinated and brominated hydrocarbon pollutants in marine bird eggs from an oceanic Indian Ocean island. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2012; 118:53-64. [PMID: 22694834 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We report for the first time levels of persistent organic pollutants in marine bird eggs from an oceanic island in the Indian Ocean, the world's third largest ocean. Ten eggs each of the Common Noddy, also known as the Brown Noddy (Anous stolidus), and Sooty Tern (Sterna fuscata) were collected from Ile Cocos off the coast of the island of Rodrigues, located 560 km east of the island of Mauritius. ΣPCBs had the highest levels (2.2 and 2.6n g/g wm, wet mass; 20 and 19 ng/g lm, lipid mass) for common Noddy and Sooty Tern, respectively (and following), then ΣDDT (1.9 and 3.1 ng/g wm; 17 and 23 ng/g lm), and mirex (0.96 and 0.69 ng/g wm; 8.7 and 5.0 ng/gl m). ΣChlordanes (0.094 and 0.15 ng/g wm; 0.48 and 0.73 ng/g lm) and Σtoxaphenes (0.26 and 0.61 ng/g wm; 2.4 and 5.9 ng/g lm) are rare data for these compounds from this ocean. Brominated flame retardants were low (0.08 and 0.07 ng/g wm; 0.7 and 0.7 ng/g lm). Multivariate analyses indicated different contamination patterns in the prey items as Sooty Terns had significantly higher levels of mean Σchlordanes and Σtoxaphenes, as well as CB105, -108 and -157. p,p'-DDE had an association with thinner eggshells in the Sooty Tern. Although the contaminant levels were in all respects low, industrialisation, development on the periphery, commercial exploitation of the marine environment, and pollutants transferred over long distances by marine debris is likely to add to chemical pressure in this region. Monitoring changes in background levels of pollutants in remote regions will indicate such trends, and marine bird eggs from Rodrigues would be an excellent site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hindrik Bouwman
- School of Environmental Sciences and Development (Zoology), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
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Tanabe S, Ramu K. Monitoring temporal and spatial trends of legacy and emerging contaminants in marine environment: results from the environmental specimen bank (es-BANK) of Ehime University, Japan. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2012; 64:1459-1474. [PMID: 22704146 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The Environmental Specimen Bank (es-BANK) for Global Monitoring at the Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Japan has more than four decades of practical experience in specimen banking. Over the years, es-BANK has archived specimens representing a wide range of environmental matrices, i.e. fishes, reptiles, birds, aquatic mammals, terrestrial mammals, human, soils, and sediments. The samples have been collected as part of the various monitoring programs conducted worldwide. The current review is a summary of selected studies conducted at the Center for Marine Environmental Studies, on temporal and spatial trends of legacy and emerging contaminants in the marine environment. One of the major conclusions drawn from the studies is that environmental problems are no more regional issues and, thus, environmental specimen banking should not be limited to national boundaries, but should have a global outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Tanabe
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan.
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Wang Y, Lam JCW, So MK, Yeung LWY, Cai Z, Hung CLH, Lam PKS. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in waterbird eggs of Hong Kong, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 86:242-247. [PMID: 22024097 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of PCDD/Fs, PCBs and PBDEs were measured in 56 egg samples collected from waterbirds of different species (Great Egret, Little Egret, Night Heron and Chinese Pond Heron) from different regions of Hong Kong (Ho Sheung Heung, Mai Po Village and Mai Po Lung Village) during 2000 and 2006. Dominance of 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF indicates a signature associated with commercial usage of PCBs. Although no significant variations were observed within- and between-site in the levels of PCDD/Fs, coplanar PCBs and PBDEs, the concentrations of coplanar PCBs were much higher than PCDD/Fs. Similarity in composition profiles of PCDD/F and coplanar PCBs from different egretries is possibly associated with non-point sources of these contaminants to Hong Kong. Predominant accumulation of BDE-47, BDE-99 and BDE-100 suggested the penta-BDE technical mixtures usage in Hong Kong and its vicinity. Toxic equivalency and Monte Carlo simulation technique showed potential risks on waterbirds due to their exposure to PCDD/Fs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
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The association between obesity and mortality in the elderly differs by serum concentrations of persistent organic pollutants: a possible explanation for the obesity paradox. Int J Obes (Lond) 2011; 36:1170-5. [PMID: 21946706 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2011.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Numerous studies have documented an obesity paradox in which the overweight and obese elderly have a better prognosis than those with ideal body weight. Good prognosis among the overweight or obese elderly may reflect the relative safety of storing the harmful lipophilic chemicals, known as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), in adipose tissue rather than in other critical organs. Therefore, we hypothesized lower mortality among the obese elderly with a higher body burden of POPs, but this pattern may not exist among the obese elderly with a lower body burden of POPs. PARTICIPANTS Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2004 study with a mean 4.2-year follow-up, we tested whether the association between fat mass and total mortality in 635 (652 for organochlorine pesticides) elderly participants aged ≥70 years differed depending on serum concentrations of 23 POPs. RESULTS There were statistically significant interactions between fat mass and POPs in predicting total mortality. In those with low POP concentrations, there was no obesity paradox; mortality increased with fat mass (hazard ratios about 2-3 in the highest vs. lowest quintile of fat mass). However, consistent with an obesity paradox, these patterns completely disappeared in those with high POP concentrations. Compared with the lowest quintile of fat mass, statistically significantly lower mortality was observed in the elderly in the third to fifth quintiles of fat mass. In the case of polychlorinated biphenyls, the mortality in the highest quintile of fat mass was only one-fifth of that in the lowest quintile. CONCLUSION These findings are consistent with our hypothesis that adipose tissue provides relatively safe storage of toxic lipophilic chemicals, a phenomenon that could explain the obesity paradox. Although weight loss may be beneficial among the obese elderly with low POP concentrations, weight loss in the obese elderly with higher serum concentrations of POPs may carry some risk.
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Kawashima A, Akihiro H, Morita H, Fukuoka M, Honda K, Morita M. Dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl adsorbent obtained from enzymatic saccharification residue of lignocellulose. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:4682-4687. [PMID: 21316952 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effective utilization of lignocellulose residue as an adsorbent was investigated. Japanese cypress wood flour subjected to hydrothermal pretreatment and ball-mill grinding was saccharified with an enzyme. The residual wood flour was carbonized and activated by physical and chemical activation to produce adsorbents for persistent organic pollutant removal. The adsorption properties were investigated by pore analysis using the N(2) adsorption/desorption isotherm and adsorption tests for dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in a hexane solution. The obtained adsorbents showed high production yields and adsorption properties for dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayato Kawashima
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan.
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Kawashima A, Katayama M, Matsumoto N, Honda K. Physicochemical characteristics of carbonaceous adsorbent for dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl adsorption. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 83:823-830. [PMID: 21435691 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.02.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
It has been known that dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) are present in almost all types of environments worldwide. Activated carbon treatment has been expected for the removal of DL-PCBs because it is a simple and low-cost removal technology. In the present study, the physicochemical properties of activated carbon were investigated to identify the characteristics of 16 different types of activated carbon on adsorption properties for DL-PCBs. To accomplish this, micropore volume, and pore diameter were calculated by t-plot analysis and the mesopore volume was analyzed by the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method. In addition, the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, pH, metal elements, and surface acid functional groups were analyzed. Then, adsorption experiments using DL-PCB in hexane solution were conducted, and the relationship between adsorption and physicochemical properties of activated carbon was investigated. The results showed that activated carbons having a surface area of 700-1200 m(2)g(-1) and micropores with diameters of about 0.7-0.8 nm exhibited high activity for the adsorption of PCBs. The results also clearly showed that the mesopore volume of activated carbon influenced the adsorption rate and the equilibrium adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayato Kawashima
- Environmental Science for Industry, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan.
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Storelli MM, Barone G, Storelli A, Marcotrigiano GO. Levels and congener profiles of PCBs and PCDD/Fs in blue shark (Prionace glauca) liver from the South-Eastern Mediterranean Sea (Italy). CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 82:37-42. [PMID: 20980044 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Revised: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Liver of blue shark (Prionace glauca) specimens from the South-Eastern Mediterranean Sea were analyzed for the presence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), including coplanar congeners, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs). PCBs were the dominant chemicals, followed by PCDFs and PCDDs. The pattern of PCB congener concentrations in the hepatic tissue was dominated by higher chlorinated compounds. The specific profile of toxic PCDD/F congeners was characterized mainly by 2,3,7,8-TCDF and 2,3,7,8-TCDD, followed by 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD and 2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF. The total 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxic equivalent (TEQs) was 149 pg g⁻¹ lipid wt. The profile of TEQ shows that PCDDs present the greatest risk to this species contributing to total toxicity with a percentage approximately of 60%, while the contribution of PCDFs and DL-PCBs is almost the same being 22.4% and 21.6%, respectively. Further investigations are urgently needed to characterize the PCDD/Fs contamination levels not only in elasmobranch fish but in all Mediterranean marine biota.
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Yu HY, Guo Y, Zeng EY. Dietary intake of persistent organic pollutants and potential health risks via consumption of global aquatic products. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2010; 29:2135-2142. [PMID: 20872674 DOI: 10.1002/etc.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The concentration levels of typical persistent organic pollutants such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) including dioxin-like PCBs (DL-PCBs) and non-dioxin-like PCBs, organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in global aquatic products from major producing countries were summarized. Daily intakes of these compounds via consumption of various aquatic products for global consumers were also estimated based on available literature data. Risk assessment based upon existing criteria for OCPs and PBDEs shows that there is minimal risk to global consumers from consumption of aquatic products, with the exception of products from specific regions located around known heavy-point sources. Exposure to dioxins through consumption of aquatic products, excluding marine fish, is also in the range of the acceptable level, lower than 4 pg World Health Organization toxic equivalent (WHO-TEQ)/kg bw/d; however, dioxin intake via marine fish may cause hazards to human health, especially for Europeans. Regarding PCBs, there is cancer risk for global consumers via consumption of aquatic products, especially marine fish, based on cancer and noncancer hazard ratio assessment. Generally, European consumers have higher exposure levels of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs, while Americans and Asians have relatively higher exposure levels of OCPs and PCBs. In contrast, all global populations are found to have lower exposure levels of PBDEs, which may be attributed to its relatively shorter history of use compared with PCBs and OCPs. Finally, the estimated total amounts of PCBs, OCPs, and PBDEs stored in global aquatic products constitute only a small portion of the total amount that has been used, and the majority obviously occurs in other environmental media or even remains in commercial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Yun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Choi HG, Moon HB, Choi M, Yu J, Kim SS. Mussel watch program for organic contaminants along the Korean coast, 2001-2007. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2010; 169:473-485. [PMID: 19888665 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-009-1190-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Accepted: 10/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The level and extent of organic contaminants along the Korean coast were estimated through the mussel watch program, established in 2001. Mussels and oysters were collected at 20 sites along the Korean coast in 2001 and at 25 sites from 2002 to 2007. The mussel tissues were analyzed for PCBs, organochlorine presticides, PAHs, BTs, and PCDD/Fs. PCBs, PAHs, BTs, and PCDD/Fs were ubiquitous contaminants along the Korean coast, showing mean detection frequencies of more than 95% over 7 years. The concentrations of organic contaminants in mussels along the Korean coast were relatively low or moderate compared with foreign studies. Concentrations of DDTs, PCBs, and PCDD/Fs were below the action or maximum levels for humans established by USFDA and EU. Elevated concentrations above the 85th percentile were found for PCBs, PAHs, BTs, and PCDD/Fs at sites near industrial complexes or big harbors, for HCHs at sites near non-industrial complexes, and for DDTs at sites near both non-industrial and industrial complexes. Using two nonparametric tests to assess temporal trends, the Spearman test revealed that BTs and PCDD/Fs had significant decreasing trends at four sites (Gwangyang Bay, Cheonsu Bay, Garorym Bay, and the Incheon coast) and at six sites (Hupo coast, Guryongpo coast, eastern part of Geojedo, Gunsan coast, Garorym Bay, and Asan Bay), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Gu Choi
- Environment Research Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, 408-1, Sirang-ri, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 619-705, Republic of Korea.
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Kolasinski J, Taddei D, Cuet P, Frouin P. AChE and EROD activities in two echinoderms, Holothuria leucospilota and Holoturia atra (Holothuroidea), in a coral reef (Reunion Island, South-western Indian Ocean). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2010; 45:699-708. [PMID: 20390918 DOI: 10.1080/10934521003648917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AChE and EROD activities were investigated in two holothurian species, Holothuria leucospilota and Holoturia atra, from a tropical coral reef. These organisms were collected from 3 back-reef stations, where temperature and salinity were homogeneous. The activity levels of both AChE and EROD varied significantly between the two species, but were in the range of values determined in other echinoderm species. AChE activity levels were higher in the longitudinal muscle than in the tentacle tegument. Among the several tissues tested, the digestive tract wall exhibited higher EROD activity levels. Sex did not influence AChE and EROD activity levels in both species. Animal biomass and EROD activity levels were only correlated in the tegument tissue of H. atra, and we hypothesize a possible influence of age. EROD activity did not show intraspecific variability. A significant relationship was found between AChE activity and Cuvierian tubules time of expulsion in Holothuria leucospilota. Individuals collected at the southern site presented both lower AChE activity levels and Cuvierian tubules time of expulsion, indicating possible neural disturbance. More information on holothurians biology and physiology is needed to further assess biomarkers in these key species. This study is the first of its kind performed in the coastal waters of Reunion Island and data obtained represent reference values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kolasinski
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Marine, Université de La Réunion, La Réunion, France.
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Spalding A, Kernan J, Lockette W. The Metabolic Syndrome: A Modern Plague Spread by Modern Technology. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2009; 11:755-60. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7176.2009.00191.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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van de Merwe JP, Hodge M, Olszowy HA, Whittier JM, Ibrahim K, Lee SY. Chemical contamination of green turtle (Chelonia mydas) eggs in peninsular Malaysia: implications for conservation and public health. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2009; 117:1397-401. [PMID: 19750104 PMCID: PMC2737016 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0900813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Accepted: 05/29/2009] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent organic pollutants (POPs)-such as organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)-and heavy metals have been reported in sea turtles at various stages of their life cycle. These chemicals can disrupt development and function of wildlife. Furthermore, in areas such as Peninsular Malaysia, where the human consumption of sea turtle eggs is prevalent, egg contamination may also have public health implications. OBJECTIVE In the present study we investigated conservation and human health risks associated with the chemical contamination of green turtle (Chelonia mydas) eggs in Peninsular Malaysia. METHODS Fifty-five C. mydas eggs were collected from markets in Peninsular Malaysia and analyzed for POPs and heavy metals. We conducted screening risk assessments (SRAs) and calculated the percent of acceptable daily intake (ADI) for POPs and metals to assess conservation and human health risks associated with egg contamination. RESULTS C. mydas eggs were available in 9 of the 33 markets visited. These eggs came from seven nesting areas from as far away as Borneo Malaysia. SRAs indicated a significant risk to embryonic development associated with the observed arsenic concentrations. Furthermore, the concentrations of coplanar PCBs represented 3 300 times the ADI values set by the World Health Organization. CONCLUSIONS The concentrations of POPs and heavy metals reported in C. mydas eggs from markets in Peninsular Malaysia pose considerable risks to sea turtle conservation and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P van de Merwe
- Griffith School of Environment and Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
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Kawashima A, Watanabe S, Iwakiri R, Honda K. Removal of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs from fish oil by countercurrent supercritical CO2 extraction and activated carbon treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 75:788-794. [PMID: 19181365 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2008] [Revised: 12/21/2008] [Accepted: 12/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
It has been known that fish oils are prone to contamination by polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs). In this study, the removal of contaminants from fish oil by countercurrent supercritical CO(2) extraction (CC-SCE) and activated carbon treatment was investigated. Fish oil was treated by CC-SCE at 70 degrees C and 30MPa and with a CO(2)/oil ratio of 72; this resulted in a 93% reduction in the sum of PCDDs, PCDFs and DL-PCBs concentration level by and 85% reduction in toxic equivalency (TEQ). CC-SCE uses 40% less CO(2) and yields 30% more refined oil than semi-batch-type processes. Subsequent treatment by activated carbon reduced the concentration level by 94% and TEQ by 93%. CC-SCE is effective for the removal of DL-PCBs, whereas activated carbon treatment is effective for the removal of PCDD/Fs. These results reveal that the combination of CC-SCE and activated carbon treatment is applicable to the removal of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs from fish oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayato Kawashima
- Environmental Science for Industry, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan.
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Munschy C, Guiot N, Héas-Moisan K, Tixier C, Tronczyński J. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in marine mussels from French coasts: levels, patterns and temporal trends from 1981 to 2005. CHEMOSPHERE 2008; 73:945-953. [PMID: 18701131 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2008] [Revised: 06/12/2008] [Accepted: 06/24/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The levels and temporal trends of toxic polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were determined in archived marine mussels collected between 1981 and 2005 from selected sites along French coasts. The geographical distribution and levels of PCDD/Fs generally reflect regional inputs of these contaminants: the highest concentrations were determined in samples from the Seine river estuary (English Channel) and Toulon area (Mediterranean coast); the lowest levels were determined in Corsica (Mediterranean Sea). PCDD/F isomeric composition showed a fairly homogeneous distribution pattern throughout the various sampling sites. This pattern, dominated by 2,3,7,8-TCDF and OCDD, can be considered as typical for the study species. However, on a more local scale, some differences in isomeric composition in mussels were identified in relation to local source characteristics. The time trend study showed a pronounced decrease in PCDD/F concentrations over the 24-year period at most sites, except Toulon on the Mediterranean Sea, where the decrease was not significant. This overall decrease probably reflects the general drop in PCDD/F emissions in Europe since 1980. However, high concentrations were determined in mussels collected in recent years (1999, 2001 and 2005) from the mouth of the Seine river. These concentrations are related to particular hydrological conditions, and intensive sediment dredging due to a new port construction at the mouth of the estuary. The results presented in this paper provide reference data on the contamination of shellfish by persistent organic pollutants in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Munschy
- IFREMER, Laboratoire de Biogéochimie des Contaminants Organiques, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 3, France.
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Hart K, Kannan K, Tao L, Takahashi S, Tanabe S. Skipjack tuna as a bioindicator of contamination by perfluorinated compounds in the oceans. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2008; 403:215-221. [PMID: 18619650 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2008] [Revised: 05/19/2008] [Accepted: 05/20/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) have emerged as global environmental contaminants. Studies have reported the widespread occurrence of PFCs in biota from marine coastal waters and in remote polar regions. However, few studies have reported the distribution of PFCs in biota from offshore waters and open oceans. In this study, concentrations of nine PFCs were determined in the livers of 60 skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) collected from offshore waters and the open ocean along the Pacific Rim, including the Sea of Japan, the East China Sea, the Indian Ocean, and the Western North Pacific Ocean, during 1997-1999. At least one of the nine PFCs was found in every tuna sample analyzed. Overall, perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) were the predominant compounds found in livers of tuna at concentrations of <1-58.9 and <1-31.6 ng/g, wet wt, respectively. Long-chain perfluorocarboxylates such as perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) and perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoDA) were common in the tuna livers. In livers of tuna from several offshore and open-ocean locations, concentrations of PFUnDA were greater than the concentrations of PFOS. The profiles and concentrations of PFCs in tuna livers suggest that the sources in East Asia are dominated by long-chain perfluorocarboxylates, especially PFUnDA. High concentrations of PFUnDA in tuna may indicate a shift in sources of PFCs in East Asia. The spatial distribution of PFOS in skipjack tuna reflected the concentrations previously reported in seawater samples from the Pacific and Indian Oceans, suggesting that tuna are good bioindicators of pollution by PFOS. Despite its predominance in ocean waters, PFOA was rarely found in tuna livers, indicative of the low bioaccumulation potential of this compound. Our study establishes baseline concentrations of PFCs in skipjack tuna from the oceans of the Asia-Pacific region, enabling future temporal trend studies of PFCs in oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Hart
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, New York, USA
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Torres MA, Barros MP, Campos SCG, Pinto E, Rajamani S, Sayre RT, Colepicolo P. Biochemical biomarkers in algae and marine pollution: a review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2008; 71:1-15. [PMID: 18599121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2007] [Revised: 03/11/2008] [Accepted: 05/09/2008] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution by organic compounds and metals became extensive as mining and industrial activities increased in the 19th century and have intensified since then. Environmental pollutants originating from diverse anthropogenic sources have been known to possess adverse values capable of degrading the ecological integrity of marine environment. The consequences of anthropogenic contamination of marine environments have been ignored or poorly characterized with the possible exception of coastal and estuarine waters close to sewage outlets. Monitoring the impact of pollutants on aquatic life forms is challenging due to the differential sensitivities of organisms to a given pollutant, and the inability to assess the long-term effects of persistent pollutants on the ecosystem as they are bio-accumulated at higher trophic levels. Marine microalgae are particularly promising indicator species for organic and inorganic pollutants since they are typically the most abundant life forms in aquatic environments and occupy the base of the food chain. We review the effects of pollutants on the cellular biochemistry of microalgae and the biochemical mechanisms that microalgae use to detoxify or modify pollutants. In addition, we evaluate the potential uses of microalgae as bioindicator species as an early sentinel in polluted sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moacir A Torres
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Oliveira Ribeiro CA, Vollaire Y, Coulet E, Roche H. Bioaccumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls in the eel (Anguilla anguilla) at the Camargue Nature Reserve - France. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2008; 153:424-31. [PMID: 17900770 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2007] [Revised: 08/01/2007] [Accepted: 08/08/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Fish consumption is a potential source of human exposure to pollutants. Here, we study residue levels of PCBs in the eel, Anguilla anguilla, from the Nature Camargue Reserve in southern France. Chromatographic analysis (GC-ECD) found seventy identifiable congeners, among which, 10 are considered as dioxin-like PCBs, such as the non-ortho PCB 81 and the mono-ortho chlorobiphenyls PCB105, 114, 118, 123, 156, 157, 167, 170, 180. Toxic Equivalents (TEQ, WHO 2005 TEF-Toxic Equivalent Factors) varied among sites with a maximum in eels from Mornès (29.6pgg(-1) dry weight). Indicator PCBs (28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153 and 180) were 22% and 29% of the total PCBs in livers and muscles respectively. Greater homogeneous bioaccumulation in muscle than that in liver suggests an increase risk for humans due to fish consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Oliveira Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Caixa Postal 19031, CEP: 81.531-990 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Storelli MM, Casalino E, Barone G, Marcotrigiano GO. Persistent organic pollutants (PCBs and DDTs) in small size specimens of bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) from the Mediterranean Sea (Ionian Sea). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2008; 34:509-13. [PMID: 18164060 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2007.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2007] [Revised: 11/19/2007] [Accepted: 11/21/2007] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The concentration levels and pattern distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (DDTs), were investigated in liver of small size specimens of bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) from Mediterranean Sea (Ionian Sea). PCB concentrations (average: 526 ng g(-1) lipid wt) were comparable with DDT levels (average: 435 ng g(-1) lipid wt). The specific analysis of PCB congeners revealed a profile dominated by hexa-, penta- and heptachlorinated congeners, while among DDTs, the compounds with the higher concentration was p,p'-DDE, constituting 91.9% of the total DDT. The total 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxic equivalent (TEQs) of coplanar PCBs, including mono- and non-ortho congeners, was 0.55 pg g(-1) wet weight with. The congeners with highest TEQs values were non-ortho congeners followed by mono-ortho ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Storelli
- Pharmacological-Biological Department, Chemistry and Biochemistry Section, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, University of Bari- Strada Prov. le per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano Ba, Italy
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Valdez Domingos FX, Azevedo M, Silva MD, Randi MAF, Freire CA, Silva de Assis HC, Oliveira Ribeiro CA. Multibiomarker assessment of three Brazilian estuaries using oysters as bioindicators. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2007; 105:350-63. [PMID: 17658507 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2007.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2007] [Revised: 06/09/2007] [Accepted: 06/18/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Oysters have been largely employed as bioindicators of environmental quality in biomonitoring studies. Crassostrea rhizophorae was selected to evaluate the health status of three estuarine areas impacted by anthropogenic activities along the Brazilian coast, in three estuarine complexes, ranging in latitude from 7 to 25 degrees S. In each estuary three sites were sampled in Winter and in Summer: a site considered as reference, and two sites next to contamination sources. Condition index was similar at all sites and estuaries, with the highest values found for Itamaracá oysters in Summer. Necrosis, hyperplasia, mucocyte hypertrophy and fusion of ordinary filaments were the main histopathological lesions observed. Muscle cholinesterase activity was overall similar, but with a strong seasonal effect. Inhibition or activation of branchial total ATPase and Na,K-ATPase activities at the contaminated sites was observed. The health status of these estuarine areas is quite similar, and the combined use of biomarkers is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- F X Valdez Domingos
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná. CP. 19031, CEP 81531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Yamaguchi S, Miura C, Ito A, Agusa T, Iwata H, Tanabe S, Tuyen BC, Miura T. Effects of lead, molybdenum, rubidium, arsenic and organochlorines on spermatogenesis in fish: monitoring at Mekong Delta area and in vitro experiment. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2007; 83:43-51. [PMID: 17448548 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2006] [Revised: 03/14/2007] [Accepted: 03/16/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
To estimate the influence of water contaminants on fish reproduction in the Mekong Delta area, we sampled cultivated male catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus), investigated testicular development, and measured persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and trace element levels in muscle and liver, respectively. Various testes sizes were observed although sampling took place during a short period. Histological analysis revealed that all developmental stages of germ cells were observed in catfish with large testis, whereas only necrotic spermatogonia but no other germ cells were observed in catfish with small testis. In small testis, furthermore, vacuolization and hypertrophy of Sertoli cells were observed. Measurement of POPs in muscle and trace elements in liver demonstrated that there were negative correlations between GSI and the concentrations of Pb, Mo, Rb and As. To clarify possible direct effects of Pb, Mo, Rb and As on spermatogenesis in fish, we investigated the effects of these trace elements on spermatogenesis using in vitro testicular organ culture of Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica). Treatment with each of the trace elements alone did not affect spermatogenesis. However, treatment with 10(-7)M of Pb, 10(-5) and 10(-4)M of Mo, 10(-5)-10(-3)M of Rb or 10(-5)M of As inhibited the spermatogenesis induced by 11-ketotestosterone (11KT). Furthermore, treatment with 10(-4)M of As in combination with 11KT caused necrosis of testicular fragments. Taken together, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that Pb, Mo, Rb and As can exert inhibitory effects on spermatogenesis in catfish inhabiting the Mekong Delta area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonoko Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Fish Reproductive Physiology, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
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Huang SY, Yao M, Tang JL, Lee WC, Tsay W, Cheng AL, Wang CH, Chen YC, Shen MC, Tien HF. Epidemiology of multiple myeloma in Taiwan. Cancer 2007; 110:896-905. [PMID: 17594697 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.22850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of multiple myeloma (MM) is lower in Asia than in western countries. However, no data are available on descriptive epidemiology of MM in Chinese. METHODS From 1979 to 2003, 3602 MM patients were registered in the Taiwan National Cancer Registry. The annual incidence and mortality were calculated and age-standardized to the world standard population in the year 2000. Age-period-cohort effects on incidence were analyzed. The salient clinical data of 526 MM patients in a single institute were also investigated. RESULTS From 1979 to 2003, the average age-adjusted incidence per 100,000 population was 0.75. The incidence increased with age to a peak of 5.2 in those aged 75-79 years. In addition to age, remarkable period and birth cohort effects were found to contribute to increased incidence of MM. The age-adjusted mortality also increased, which accounted for an average of 0.59 per 100,000 deaths; however, the fatality rate was steady at 80%. Clinical and laboratory characteristics and treatment outcomes of the 526 MM patients were similar to those reported elsewhere. Remarkably, extramedullary myeloma (extra-MM) at diagnosis was more common in patients younger than 55 years of age than in others (43% vs 13%, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Incidence of MM in Taiwan has dramatically increased in recent years and is associated with a birth-cohort effect. There are no apparent differences in treatment outcome between MM patients in Taiwan and in other countries. However, prevalence of extra-MM is higher in patients younger than 55 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Yi Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Tanabe S. Chapter 18 Contamination by Persistent Toxic Substances in the Asia-Pacific Region. PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN ASIA: SOURCES, DISTRIBUTIONS, TRANSPORT AND FATE 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1474-8177(07)07018-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Kawashima A, Iwakiri R, Honda K. Experimental study on the removal of dioxins and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBS) from fish oil. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:10294-9. [PMID: 17177573 DOI: 10.1021/jf061962d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Recently, it has been found that fish oils contain a high proportion of contaminants, namely, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (cPCBs). In this study, the removal of contaminants from fish oil by supercritical CO2 extraction (SCE) and by using adsorbents (0.13 wt % of oil) was investigated. Dioxins and cPCBs were extracted from fish oil by SCE at a temperature of 60 degrees C and a pressure of 28 MPa, and the removal efficiencies for PCDDs and PCDFs were in the range of 15-90% and those for cPCBs were in the range of 70-90%. However, 40% of the oil was extracted simultaneously with contaminants. On the adsorbent treatment, activated carbon showed high efficiency, and the removal efficiencies were >90% for PCDDs and PCDFs, but below 30% for cPCBs. A combination of both of these methods is more effective, and almost 100% of the total toxicity equivalence quantity value could be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayato Kawashima
- Environmental Science for Industry, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama-shi, Ehime 790-8566, Japan.
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Kunisue T, Nakanishi S, Oka N, Sato F, Tsurumi M, Tanabe S. Dioxins and related compounds in albatrosses from the Torishima Island, Japan: accumulation features by growth stage and toxicological implications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2006; 40:6919-27. [PMID: 17153995 DOI: 10.1021/es061153a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of dioxins and related compounds (DRCs), such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (Co-PCBs), were determined in eggs, nestlings, and adults of black-footed albatross (BfA; Diomedea nigripes) and short-tailed albatross (StA; Diomedea albatrus) collected from the Torishima Island in Japan during 2002, which is one of their breeding grounds. Observed DRC concentrations, especially PCDFs and non-ortho Co-PCBs, in eggs of BfA and StA were relatively higher than those in other oceanic, coastal, and inland wild birds reported recently and were comparable to those in a pooled BfA egg from Midway Atoll in 1993, implying continuous input of these contaminants into open ocean and possible albatross-specific exposure. Concentrations of PCDDs except 12378-P5CDD and high-chlorinated PCDFs in 3-month-old BfA nestling were lowerthan those in 1-month-old nestling, indicating their developmental dilution. On the other hand, higher levels of T4-H6CDFs and Co-PCBs, especially low-chlorinated congeners such as 2378-T4CDF and T4CB77, were found in 3-month-old BfA nestling, suggesting specific exposure to these contaminants, possibly due to their higher transportability than high-chlorinated congeners. Estimated biomagnification factors of almost all the congeners in adults were apparently greater than those in nestlings, except 2378-T4CDF, T4CB77, and H7-O8-CDD/Fs. This could be due to preferential metabolism of 2378-T4CDF and T4CB77 and lower uptake efficiency of high-chlorinated congeners through the gastrointestinal tract in adults. Toxic equivalents in BfA and StA eggs estimated using WHO-avian toxic equivalency factors exceeded some toxicity thresholds for avian embryos, indicating possible adverse effects of DRCs to albatross embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kunisue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
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Yang ZY, Zeng EY, Wang JZ, Mai BX. A numerical scheme to diagnose interferences in gas chromatography–mass spectrometry quantitation of coeluting isotopically labeled and unlabeled counterparts with partially overlapping ion profiles. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1116:265-71. [PMID: 16600256 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2005] [Revised: 03/11/2006] [Accepted: 03/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Quantitation of chromatographically coeluting compounds with partially overlapping mass profiles is a challenging task, especially if only a low-resolution mass spectrometer is available. To examine whether theoretical predictions can be utilized to determine the appropriate concentration ranges of the coeluting compounds that satisfy the non-interfering condition, we utilized an algorithm based upon a two-component model to compare the experimentally measured and predicted quantitation errors. Selected unlabeled and 13C-labeled polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners were investigated as model compounds. Standard solutions containing various concentration ratios of the unlabeled and 13C-labeled PCB congeners were analyzed, and the data were used to compare with theoretical predictions derived from the chlorine isotopic distributions (35Cl and 37Cl). Good agreements between experimental predictions and theoretical predictions were found on the magnitude of interferences for quantitation of 13C-labeled PCB congeners, as well as on the variability of the quantitation errors with the concentration ratio of 13C-labeled and unlabeled PCB counterparts. In addition, the magnitude of interferences considered in the present study was highly dependent upon the number of coexisting ions included for quantitation and their relative abundances in the mass spectrum. All these results suggest that the magnitude of interferences in quantifying a pair of coeluting compounds with partially overlapping mass spectral profiles can be effectively determined and minimized by carefully selecting the concentration ratio of the coeluting compounds and/or the number of quantitation ions. Finally, the selection of the experimental parameters to satisfy the non-interfering condition can be made purely on the basis of theoretical considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1131, Guangzhou 510640, China; Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Bloom M, Vena J, Olson J, Moysich K. Chronic exposure to dioxin-like compounds and thyroid function among New York anglers. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2006; 21:260-267. [PMID: 21783667 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2005.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2005] [Accepted: 09/09/2005] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Experimental studies suggest that dioxin-like compounds influence thyroid function, although human studies have presented equivocal results. Great Lakes sportfish consumers represent a population with greater potential for exposure to dioxin-like compounds than non-consumers. Thirty-eight licensed anglers participating in a dioxin exposure study, consumers and non-consumers, conducted as part of the New York Angler Cohort Study, donated blood and completed questionnaires regarding demographic, clinical, and sportfish consumption data. Sera were analyzed for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), coplanar biphenyls (PCB), and PCB IUPAC #153, in addition to thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total and free thyroxine (T(4) and fT(4)), total triiodothyronine (T(3)), and lipids. An inverse linear association between serum fT(4) and the sum of dioxin-like congener concentrations (∑DIOXs) in serum (B=-0.3, 95% CI=-0.5, -0.1) was identified adjusting for PCB #153 and serum lipids (R(2)=0.3, p=0.02, n=37). The results of this study are preliminary but suggest an inverse association between dioxin-like compounds and fT(4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bloom
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 270 Farber Hall, 3435 Main St., Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
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Tanabe S. Environmental Specimen Bank in Ehime University (es-BANK), Japan for global monitoring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 8:782-90. [PMID: 16896460 DOI: 10.1039/b602677j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
During the last 40 years, The Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University collected a variety of environmental and biological material comprising about 1000 species and 100,000 samples from many developing and developed countries and also open seas and oceans all over the world. They were categorically archived, catalogued and stocked in our Environment Specimen Bank (es-BANK) facility equipped with a -25 degrees C cold room. We have already exchanged specimens with many scientific institutions and are also eager to widen our collaboration with other specimen banks. In our survey using the air, water, wildlife and human samples, we found that the major emission sources for the industrial chemicals like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are in the developed nations while those of organochlorine (OC) pesticides like dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs), etc. are located in developing countries. However, significant emission of modern environmental contaminants such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) also seems to occur predominantly in countries with high economic growth rates. Apart from the modern incinerators and other industrial installations in developed nations, the compounds, like dioxins and related compounds (DRCs), were also found to be released in significant levels from the municipal solid waste dumping sites of developing countries. By evaluating the distribution patterns of various persistent toxic substances (PTSs) in our studies, we could conclude that DRCs and DDTs are regional contaminants, while PCBs, PBDEs, HCHs and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) are global contaminants. We also found that the pollution by PBDEs has been increasing in the last two decades while that of the legacy OCs has been decreasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Tanabe
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
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