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Sun Z, Wang X, Liu C, Fang G, Chu L, Gu C, Gao J. Persistent Free Radicals from Low-Molecular-Weight Organic Compounds Enhance Cross-Coupling Reactions and Toxicity of Anthracene on Amorphous Silica Surfaces under Light. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:3716-3726. [PMID: 33635628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination has raised great environmental concerns, while the effects of low-molecular-weight organic compounds (LMWOCs) on PAH photodegradation at amorphous silica (AS)/air interfaces have been largely ignored. In this study, the phototransformation of anthracene (ANT) at amorphous silica (AS)/air interfaces was investigated with the addition of LMWOCs. ANT removal was attributed to •OH attacking and the energy transfer process via 3ANT*. Light irradiation induced the fractured ≡SiO• or ≡Si• generation on AS surfaces, which could react with absorbed H2O and O2 to generate •OH and further yield a series of hydroxylated products of ANT. The presence of citric acid and oxalic acid improved •OH generation and enhanced ANT removal by 1.0- and 2.2-fold, respectively. For comparison, the presence of catechol and hydroquinone significantly decreased ANT removal and produced coupling products. The results of density functional theory calculations suggest that persistent free radicals (PFRs) on AS surfaces from catechol or hydroquinone after •OH attacking prefer to cross-couple with ANT via C-C bonding rather than self-couple. Dianthrone and cross-coupling products might possess higher ecotoxicity, while hydroxylated products were less ecotoxic than their parent compounds based on Ecological Structure Activity Relationships (ECOSAR) estimation. The results of this study revealed the potential ecotoxicity of PAH-adsorbed particulates coexisting with LMWOCs and also provided a new insight into PAH transformation through PFR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinghao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Cun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Guodong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Longgang Chu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cheng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Juan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
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Howitt JA, Mondon J, Mitchell BD, Kidd T, Eshelman B. Urban stormwater inputs to an adapted coastal wetland: role in water treatment and impacts on wetland biota. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 485-486:534-544. [PMID: 24747245 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The Lake Pertobe wetland system is a semi-natural wetland that has been modified primarily for recreational use. However, this lake system receives stormwater from much of the central business district of Warrnambool City (Victoria, Australia) and serves as a buffer zone between the stormwater system and the Merri River and Merri Marine Sanctuary. This work considers the impact of stormwater inputs on Lake Pertobe and the effectiveness of the lake in protecting the associated marine sanctuary. Sediment contaminants (including heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)) and water quality parameters within the lake, groundwater and stormwater system were measured. Water quality parameters were highly variable between stormwater drains and rain events. Suspended solids rapidly settled along open drains and shortly after entering the lake. Groundwater inputs increased both salinity and dissolved nitrogen in some stormwater drains. Some evidence of bioaccumulation of metals in the food chain was identified and sediment concentrations of several PAHs were very high. The lake acted as a sink for PAHs and some metals and reductions in Escherichia coli, biological oxygen demand and total phosphorus were observed, affording some protection to the associated marine sanctuary. Nutrient retention was inadequate overall and it was identified that managing the lake primarily as a recreational facility impacted on the effectiveness of stormwater treatment in the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Howitt
- Center for Integrated Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, PO Box 423, Warrnambool, VIC 3280, Australia; Institute for Land Water and Society, and School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia.
| | - Julie Mondon
- Center for Integrated Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, PO Box 423, Warrnambool, VIC 3280, Australia
| | - Bradley D Mitchell
- Center for Integrated Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, PO Box 423, Warrnambool, VIC 3280, Australia
| | - Toby Kidd
- Center for Integrated Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, PO Box 423, Warrnambool, VIC 3280, Australia
| | - Bruce Eshelman
- Center for Integrated Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, PO Box 423, Warrnambool, VIC 3280, Australia
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Manzetti S. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Environment: Environmental Fate and Transformation. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2013.781042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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