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Díez-Palet I, Jaén C, Marco E, Van Drooge BL, Fernández P, Grimalt JO. Measurement of volatile organic compounds using tethered balloons in a polluted industrial site in Catalonia (Spain). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34020-3. [PMID: 38922473 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the chemical composition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) near emission sources and in the background atmosphere above the mixing layer height (MLH) provides insight into the fate of VOCs and is essential for developing effective air pollution control strategies. Unfortunately, knowledge of the qualitative and quantitative changes of VOCs and their vertical transport in the atmosphere is limited due to challenging experimental setups. In this study, an innovative method using tethered balloons was tested and implemented to sample 40 VOCs and O3 below and above the MLH at an industrial site in Spain. VOC and O3 samples were collected with different types of sorbent cartridges and analyzed using chromatographic techniques. Overall, a decrease in VOC concentration with altitude was observed along with a homogeneous chemical composition up to 300 m AGL. This decrease with altitude denoted the primary origin of these VOCs, which were strongly influenced by industrial processes and the traffic emissions in the area. Conversely, O3 concentrations were notably higher at balloon level and increased during nighttime temperature inversion episodes in those samples collected above the mixing layer. Ground samples contained freshly emitted pollutants of industrial origin, while balloon samples consisted of aged pollutants from traffic, other combustion sources, or from a secondary origin. This study is the first to assess the vertical composition of VOCs at a site of these characteristics and demonstrates that tethered balloons are a cost-effective method for studying air pollution dynamics from the ground to higher altitudes in the low troposphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Díez-Palet
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Clara Jaén
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Esther Marco
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Barend L Van Drooge
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pilar Fernández
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan O Grimalt
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Zhao R, Yin B, Zhang N, Wang J, Geng C, Wang X, Han B, Li K, Li P, Yu H, Yang W, Bai Z. Aircraft-based observation of gaseous pollutants in the lower troposphere over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 773:144818. [PMID: 33592482 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the spatial and vertical distribution of atmospheric pollutants (SO2, NOx, CO and O3), aircraft-based measurements (model: Yun-12, 12 flights, 27 h total flight time) were conducted from near the surface up to 2400 m over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region between June 17th and July 22nd 2016. The results showed that high concentrations of primary gaseous pollutants (SO2, NOx, CO) were generally present in Beijing, Tianjin, Langfang and Tangshan areas, while high values of O3 frequently appeared in areas far from the city. The flights at noon and dusk measured higher O3 concentrations at 600 m and lower O3 concentrations at higher altitudes, implying a strong influence by photochemical production. Back trajectory analysis suggested that the high levels of gaseous pollutants, especially at 600 m, were associated with pollution sources transported from the southerly direction during the observation period. The first simultaneous vertical distribution measurements using aircraft and tethered balloon were conducted in Gaocun (a rural site between Beijing and Tianjin) on June 17th. The results indicated that an inversion layer at the top of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) significantly suppressed vertical exchange through the PBL and resulted in a "two-layer" vertical distribution of pollutants above and below the PBL. Additionally, a residual high O3 layer (79.9 ± 2.5 ppb, 500-1000 m) was observed above the PBL, and it contributed to the surface peak O3 level at noon through downward transport along with the opening up of the PBL. These results indicate that coupled effects of horizontal and vertical transport should be investigated in future studies to improve the chemical transport models used to study the vertical distribution and regional transport over the BTH region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruojie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Baohui Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Chunmei Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China.
| | - Xinhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Bin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Kangwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Peng Li
- Tianjin Eco-Environmental Monitoring Center, Tianjin 300191, PR China
| | - Hao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Wen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China.
| | - Zhipeng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
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Geng C, Wang J, Yin B, Zhao R, Li P, Yang W, Xiao Z, Li S, Li K, Bai Z. Vertical distribution of volatile organic compounds conducted by tethered balloon in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region of China. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 95:121-129. [PMID: 32653171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as precursors of ozone and secondary organic aerosols can cause adverse effects on the environment and human health. However, knowledge of the VOC vertical profile in the lower troposphere of major Chinese cities is poorly understood. In this study, tethered balloon flights were conducted over the juncture of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei in China during the winter of 2016. Thirty-six vertical air samples were collected on selected heavy and light pollution days at altitudes of 50-1000 meters above ground level. On average, the concentration of total VOCs (TVOCs) at 50-100 m was 4.9 times higher than at 900-1000 m (46.9 ppbV vs. 8.0 ppbV). TVOC concentrations changed rapidly from altitudes of 50-100 to 401-500 m, with an average decrease of 72%. With further altitude increase, the TVOC concentration gradually decreased. The xylene/benzene ratios of 34/36 air samples were lower than 1.1, and the benzene/toluene ratios of 34/36 samples were higher than 0.4, indicating the occurrence of aged air mass during the sampling period. Alkenes contributed most in terms of both OH loss rate (39%-71%) and ozone formation potential (40%-72%), followed by aromatics (6%-38%). Finally, the main factors affecting the vertical distributions of VOCs were local source emission and negative dispersion conditions on polluted days. These data could advance our scientific understanding of VOC vertical distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Baohui Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Ruojie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Peng Li
- Tianjin Eco-Environmental Monitoring Center, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Wen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Zhimei Xiao
- Tianjin Eco-Environmental Monitoring Center, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Shijie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Kangwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Zhipeng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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Ferrero L, Ritter C, Cappelletti D, Moroni B, Močnik G, Mazzola M, Lupi A, Becagli S, Traversi R, Cataldi M, Neuber R, Vitale V, Bolzacchini E. Aerosol optical properties in the Arctic: The role of aerosol chemistry and dust composition in a closure experiment between Lidar and tethered balloon vertical profiles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 686:452-467. [PMID: 31185395 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A closure experiment was conducted over Svalbard by comparing Lidar measurements and optical aerosol properties calculated from aerosol vertical profiles measured using a tethered balloon. Arctic Haze was present together with Icelandic dust. Chemical analysis of filter samples, aerosol size distribution and a full set of meteorological parameters were determined at ground. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDS) data were at disposal showing the presence of several mineralogical phases (i.e., sheet silicates, gypsum, quartz, rutile, hematite). The closure experiment was set up by calculating the backscattering coefficients from tethered balloon data and comparing them with the corresponding lidar profiles. This was preformed in three subsequent steps aimed at determining the importance of a complete aerosol speciation: (i) a simple, columnar refractive index was obtained by the closest Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) station, (ii) the role of water-soluble components, elemental carbon and organic matter (EC/OM) was addressed, (iii) the dust composition was included. When considering the AERONET data, or only the ionic water-soluble components and the EC/OM fraction, results showed an underestimation of the backscattering lidar signal up to 76, 53 and 45% (355, 532 and 1064 nm). Instead, when the dust contribution was included, the underestimation disappeared and the vertically-averaged, backscattering coefficients (1.45 ± 0.30, 0.69 ± 0.15 and 0.34 ± 0.08 Mm-1 sr-1, at 355, 532 and 1064 nm) were found in keeping with the lidar ones (1.60 ± 0.22, 0.75 ± 0.16 and 0.31 ± 0.08 Mm-1 sr-1). Final results were characterized by low RMSE (0.36, 0.08 and 0.04 Mm-1 sr-1) and a high linear correlation (R2 of 0.992, 0.992 and 0.994) with slopes close to one (1.368, 0.931 and 0.977, respectively). This work highlighted the importance of all the aerosol components and of the synergy between single particle and bulk chemical analysis for the optical property characterization in the Arctic.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ferrero
- GEMMA and POLARIS Research Centers, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy.
| | - C Ritter
- Alfred-Wegener Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Forschungsstelle Potsdam, Telegraphenberg 43A, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - D Cappelletti
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy; National Research Council, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, (CNR-ISAC), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - B Moroni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Močnik
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Mazzola
- National Research Council, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, (CNR-ISAC), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - A Lupi
- National Research Council, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, (CNR-ISAC), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - S Becagli
- National Research Council, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, (CNR-ISAC), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - R Traversi
- National Research Council, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, (CNR-ISAC), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - M Cataldi
- GEMMA and POLARIS Research Centers, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - R Neuber
- Alfred-Wegener Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Forschungsstelle Potsdam, Telegraphenberg 43A, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - V Vitale
- National Research Council, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, (CNR-ISAC), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - E Bolzacchini
- GEMMA and POLARIS Research Centers, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy
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Dieu Hien VT, Lin C, Thanh VC, Kim Oanh NT, Thanh BX, Weng CE, Yuan CS, Rene ER. An overview of the development of vertical sampling technologies for ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 247:401-412. [PMID: 31254756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.06.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are harmful to human health and the environment, and are precursors of other toxic air pollutants, e.g. ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). In recent years, due to scientific and technological advancements, vertical VOC profile in the atmosphere has been increasingly studied since it plays an essential role in the atmospheric research by providing multilevel three-dimensional data. Such information will improve the predictive ability of existing air quality models. This review summarizes the latest development of vertical VOC sampling technologies, highlighting the technical and non-technical challenges with possible solutions and future applications of vertical VOC sampling technologies. Further, other important issues concerning ambient VOCs have also been discussed, e.g. emission sources, VOC air samplers, VOC monitoring strategies, factors influencing airborne VOC measurement, the use of VOC data in air quality models and future smart city air quality management. Since ambient VOC levels can fluctuate significantly with altitude, technologies for vertical VOC profiling have been developed from building/tower-based measurements and tethered balloons to aircrafts, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and satellites in order to improve the temporal-spatial capacity and accuracy. Between the existing sampling methods, so far, UAVs are capable of providing more reliable VOC measurements and better temporal-spatial capacities. Heretofore, their disadvantages and challenges, e.g. sampling height, sampling time, sensitivity of the sensors and interferences from other chemical species, have limited the application of UAV for vertical VOC profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vo Thi Dieu Hien
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chitsan Lin
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan.
| | - Vu Chi Thanh
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, 35899, USA
| | - Nguyen Thi Kim Oanh
- Environmental Engineering and Management, Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand
| | - Bui Xuan Thanh
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Technology, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Chien-Erh Weng
- Department of Electronic Communication Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Shin Yuan
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Eldon R Rene
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, IHE-Delft Institute for Water Education, 2601DA Delft, the Netherlands
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Vo TDH, Lin C, Weng CE, Yuan CS, Lee CW, Hung CH, Bui XT, Lo KC, Lin JX. Vertical stratification of volatile organic compounds and their photochemical product formation potential in an industrial urban area. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 217:327-336. [PMID: 29614481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.03.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
High emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the petrochemical industry and vehicle exhaust may contribute to high ozone formation potential (OFP) and secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOAFP). In this study, the vertical profiles of VOCs were created for the southern Taiwan industrial city of Kaohsiung. Vertical air samples were collected up to 1000 m using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). In Renwu District, VOC distribution was affected by the inversion layer up to 200 m height. Total VOCs (36-327 ppbv), OFP (66-831 ppbv) and SOAFP (0.12-5.55 ppbv) stratified by height were the highest values at 300 m. The VOCs originated from both local and long-distance transport sources. These findings can be integrated into Kaohsiung's future air quality improvement plans and serve as a reference for other industrialized areas worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi-Dieu-Hien Vo
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chitsan Lin
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Erh Weng
- Department of Electronic Communication Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Shin Yuan
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Lee
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsuang Hung
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Xuan-Thanh Bui
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Technology, Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Kuo-Cheng Lo
- Department of Military Meteorology, Air Force Institute of Technology, Kaohsiung 82047, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Xian Lin
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
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Sun J, Wang Y, Wu F, Tang G, Wang L, Wang Y, Yang Y. Vertical characteristics of VOCs in the lower troposphere over the North China Plain during pollution periods. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 236:907-915. [PMID: 29157970 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, photochemical smog and gray haze-fog have frequently appeared over northern China. To determine the spatial distribution of volatile organic compounds (VOC) during a pollution period, tethered balloon flights were conducted over a suburban site on the North China Plain. Statistical analysis showed that the VOCs concentrations peaked at the surface, and decreased with altitude. A rapid decrease appeared from the surface to 400 m, with concnetrations of alkanes, alkenes, aromatics and halocarbons decreasing by 48.0%, 53.3%, 43.3% and 51.1%, respectively. At heights in the range of 500-1000 m, alkenes concnetrations decline by 40.2%; alkanes and halocarbons concnetrations only decreased by 24.8% and 6.4%, respectively; and aromatics increased slightly by 5.5%. High concentrations VOCs covered a higher range of height (400 m) on heavy pollution days due to lacking of diffusion power. The VOCs concentrations decreased by 50% at 200 m on light pollution days. The transport of air mass affected the composition and concentration of high-altitude VOCs, especially on lightly polluted days. These air masses originated in areas with abundant traffic and combustion sources. Reactive aromatics (kOH>20,000 ppm-1 min-1 and kOH<20,000 ppm-1 min-1) were the main contributor to the ozone formation, accounting for 37%, on the surface on light pollution days. The contribution increased to 52% with pollution aggravated, and increased to 64% with height. The contributions of reactive aromatics were influenced by the degree of air mass aging. Under the umbrella of aging air mass, the contribution of reactive aromatics increased with height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sun
- LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100191, China; Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Center of Technical Support and Service, China
| | - Yuesi Wang
- LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Fangkun Wu
- LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100191, China; Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Center of Technical Support and Service, China
| | - Guiqian Tang
- LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lili Wang
- LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yinghong Wang
- LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100191, China
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Liang MS, Keener TC. Atmospheric Feedback of Urban Boundary Layer with Implications for Climate Adaptation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:10598-10606. [PMID: 26237246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b02444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric structure changes in response to the urban form, land use, and the type of land cover (LULC). This interaction controls thermal and air pollutant transport and distribution. The interrelationships among LULC, ambient temperature, and air quality were analyzed and found to be significant in a case study in Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A. Within the urban canopy layer (UCL), traffic-origin PM2.5 and black carbon followed Gaussian dispersion in the near road area in the daytime, while higher concentrations, over 1 order of magnitude, were correlated to the lapse rate under nocturnal inversions. In the overlying urban boundary layer (UBL), ambient temperature and PM2.5 variations were correlated among urban-wide locations indicating effective thermal and mass communications. Beyond the spatial correlation, LULC-related local urban heat island effects are noteworthy. The high-density urbanized zone along a narrow highway-following corridor is marked by higher nighttime temperature by ∼1.6 °C with a long-term increase by 2.0 °C/decade, and by a higher PM2.5 concentration, than in the low-density residential LULC. These results indicate that the urban LULC may have contributed to the nocturnal thermal inversion affecting urban air circulation and air quality in UCL and UBL. Such relationships point to the potentials of climate adaptation through urban planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa S Liang
- Department of Biomedical, Chemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Timothy C Keener
- Department of Biomedical, Chemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
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