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Zhong X, Jacobsohn A, Dufour C, Schwartz C, Sterckeman T. Evaluating a mass balance model for soil trace metals using the historical data from the King's Kitchen Garden (Versailles, France). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133259. [PMID: 38118194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The mass balance of reconstituted Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn fluxes from 1683 to 2021 was compared to the current levels of the soil used only for vegetable production in the King's Kitchen Garden in Versailles (France). This comparison was made on the basis of 4 scenarios of organic matter application in the 18th and 19th centuries and by an uncertainty analysis over the entire period. The topsoil contamination falls within that of French kitchen gardens. Modelling of past fluxes predicted the correct trend (an increase) and order of magnitude of the soil metal contents. It produced a relatively accurate evaluation of the Cu and Zn contents. The model underestimated the Pb contents by about 80%, revealing a large and unknown source of soil contamination by this metal. The calculation overestimated the current Cd levels by about 100%, probably due to various biases, for example on atmospheric fallout or the composition of organic amendments. This assessment shows that modelling the mass balance of trace metal fluxes can be used to predict the long-term trend in the levels of these elements in cultivated soils, providing the input data are chosen according to realistic scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqian Zhong
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Antoine Jacobsohn
- École nationale supérieure de paysage, Potager du Roi, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Christine Dufour
- École nationale supérieure de paysage, Potager du Roi, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Christophe Schwartz
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Thibault Sterckeman
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, F-54000 Nancy, France.
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2
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Osborne C, Gilbert-Parkes S, Spiers G, Lamit LJ, Lilleskov EA, Basiliko N, Watmough S. Global Patterns of Metal and Other Element Enrichment in Bog and Fen Peatlands. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2024; 86:125-139. [PMID: 38340164 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-024-01051-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Peatlands are found on all continents, covering 3% of the global land area. However, the spatial extent and causes of metal enrichment in peatlands is understudied and no attempt has been made to evaluate global patterns of metal enrichment in bog and fen peatlands, despite that certain metals and rare earth elements (REE) arise from anthropogenic sources. We analyzed 368 peat cores sampled in 16 countries across five continents and measured metal and other element concentrations at three depths down to 70 cm as well as estimated cumulative atmospheric S deposition (1850-2009) for each site. Sites were assigned to one of three distinct broadly recognized peatland categories (bog, poor fen, and intermediate-to-moderately rich fen) that varied primarily along a pH gradient. Metal concentrations differed among peatland types, with intermediate-to-moderately rich fens demonstrating the highest concentrations of most metals. Median enrichment factors (EFs; a metric comparing natural and anthropogenic metal deposition) for individual metals were similar among bogs and fens (all groups), with metals likely to be influenced by anthropogenic sources (As, Cd, Co, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Sb) demonstrating median enrichment factors (EFs) > 1.5. Additionally, mean EFs were substantially higher than median values, and the positive correlation (< 0.40) with estimated cumulative atmospheric S deposition, confirmed some level of anthropogenic influence of all pollutant metals except for Hg that was unrelated to S deposition. Contrary to expectations, high EFs were not restricted to pollutant metals, with Mn, K and Rb all exhibiting elevated median EFs that were in the same range as pollutant metals likely due to peatland biogeochemical processes leading to enrichment of these nutrients in surface soil horizons. The global patterns of metal enrichment in bogs and fens identified in this study underscore the importance of these peatlands as environmental archives of metal deposition, but also illustrates that biogeochemical processes can enrich metals in surface peat and EFs alone do not necessarily indicate atmospheric contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetwynd Osborne
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Spencer Gilbert-Parkes
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada
| | | | | | - Erik A Lilleskov
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - Nathan Basiliko
- Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Shaun Watmough
- School of the Environment, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada.
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3
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Xu H, Wang H, Singh BP, Croot P, Zhang C. Identification of possible sources for potentially toxic elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their spatially varying relationships in urban soils of Dublin, Ireland. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 333:122034. [PMID: 37339731 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) harm the ecosystem and human health, especially in urban areas. Identifying and understanding their potential sources and underlying interactions in urban soils are critical for informed management and risk assessment. This study investigated the potential sources and the spatially varying relationships between 9 PTEs and PAHs in the topsoil of Dublin by combining positive matrix factorisation (PMF) and geographically weighted regression (GWR). The PMF model allocated four possible sources based on species concentrations and uncertainties. The factor profiles indicated the associations with high-temperature combustion (PAHs), natural lithologic factors (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni), mineralisation and mining (Zn), as well as anthropogenic inputs (Cu, Hg, Pb), respectively. In addition, selected representative elements Cr, Zn, and Pb showed distinct spatial interactions with PAHs in the GWR model. Negative relationships between PAHs and Cr were observed in all samples, suggesting the control of Cr concentrations by natural factors. Negative relationships between PAHs and Zn in the eastern and north-eastern regions were related to mineralisation and anthropogenic Zn-Pb mining. In contrast, the surrounding regions exhibited a natural relationship between these two variables with positive coefficients. Increasing positive coefficients from west to east were observed between PAHs and Pb in the study area. This special pattern was consistent with prevailing south-westerly wind direction in Dublin, highlighting the predominant influences on PAHs and Pb concentrations from vehicle and coal combustion through atmospheric deposition. Our results provided a better understanding of geochemical features for PTEs and PAHs in the topsoil of Dublin, demonstrating the efficiency of combined approaches of receptor models and spatial analysis in environmental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofan Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, China.
| | - Hailong Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, China
| | - Bhupinder Pal Singh
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Peter Croot
- Irish Centre for Research in Applied Geoscience (iCRAG), Earth and Ocean Sciences, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Ireland
| | - Chaosheng Zhang
- International Network for Environment and Health (INEH), School of Geography, Archaeology & Irish Studies, University of Galway, Ireland.
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4
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Newman JE, Levasseur PA, Beckett P, Watmough SA. The impact of severe pollution from smelter emissions on carbon and metal accumulation in peatlands in Ontario, Canada. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 320:121102. [PMID: 36669721 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Peatlands are unique habitats that function as a carbon (C) sink and an archive of atmospheric metal deposition. Sphagnum mosses are key components of peatlands but can be adversely impacted by air pollution potentially affecting rates of C and metal accumulation in peat. In this study we evaluate how the loss of Sphagnum in peatlands close to a copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) smelter in Sudbury, Ontario affected C accumulation and metal profiles. The depth of accumulated peat formed during the 100+ year period of smelter activities also increased with distance from the smelter. Concurrently, peat bulk density decreased with distance from the smelter, which resulted in relatively similar average rates of apparent C accumulation (32-46 g/m2/yr). These rates are within the range of published values despite the historically high pollution loadings. Surface peat close to the smelters was greatly enriched in Cu and Ni, and Cu profiles in dated peat cores generally coincide with known pollution histories much better than Ni that increased well before the beginning of smelter activities likely a result of post-deposition mobility in peat cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi E Newman
- Environmental and Life Sciences, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada.
| | - Patrick A Levasseur
- Environmental and Life Sciences, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Peter Beckett
- School of Natural Sciences and the Vale Living with Lakes Centre, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Shaun A Watmough
- School of the Environment, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada
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Wu X, Jiang W, Yu K, Xu S, Yang H, Wang N, Wei C, Feng C, Sun Y, Xie S. Coral-inferred historical changes of nickel emissions related to industrial and transportation activities in the Beibu Gulf, northern South China Sea. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127422. [PMID: 34634698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most abundant metals in heavy oils, Ni has suffered so notably increasing impacts from industrial and traffic activities that anthropogenic Ni emissions have altered natural geochemical processes. The coral Ni/Ca has become a reliable proxy for characterizing marine pollution, but this potential has been unexploited for highlighting oil pollution. Here, we utilized a high-resolution record of geochemical parameters (Ni/Ca, δ18O, and δ13C) in a Porites coral of an offshore island in the northern South China Sea to reconstruct of Ni distribution patterns in surface seawater from 1984 to 2015. The coral Ni/Ca ratios exhibit minor fluctuations, except for multiple mutation peaks (0.20 ± 0.42 μmol/mol) during the period from 1984 to 1993. The ratio was low and stable (0.10 ± 0.09 μmol/mol) from 1994 to 2008, and then increased rapidly with significant variations (1.60 ± 4.56 μmol/mol) from 2009 to 2015. The coral Ni/Ca ratios captured all significant Ni discharges, and this demonstrates its potential for recording oil spill episodes. The historical variations in the contributions of Ni indicate that industrial and traffic activities should be responsible for changes in the anthropogenic input. The leaks and consumptions of petroleum likely account for the primary Ni emission sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyuan Wu
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, PR China.
| | - Kefu Yu
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, PR China.
| | - Shendong Xu
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, PR China
| | - Haodan Yang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Ning Wang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Chaoshuai Wei
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Chunmei Feng
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Yinan Sun
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Sirong Xie
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
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6
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Lopez AM, Fitzsimmons JN, Adams HM, Dellapenna TM, Brandon AD. A time-series of heavy metal geochemistry in sediments of Galveston Bay estuary, Texas, 2017-2019. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150446. [PMID: 34599961 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Galveston Bay is an anthropogenic-influenced estuary where industrial runoff, wastewater, and shipping vessel discharges enter the bay alongside natural freshwaters. Here, heavy metal concentrations in Galveston Bay surface sediment (2-year quarterly time-series) and a single sediment core are presented to explore the anthropogenic and geochemical controls on the spatiotemporal distributions, fluxes, sources, and potential toxicity of metals within this estuary. Samples were leached to distinguish authigenic sediment coatings from geogenic crystalline material. Spatial differences dominate the observed concentration variability, with higher metal concentrations in eastern vs. western bay sediments, as the eastern bay is where metals are flocculated from the dissolved phase and/or sediments are hydrodynamically trapped. Temporal variations are a secondary controlling factor, with sediment metal concentrations positively correlated with Trinity River discharge. Core data indicate stable Fe, Pb Ni, Cd and Hg levels during the 20th century but increasing Cu and Zn levels in recent years. Galveston Bay sediments are potentially toxic for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Sb, Zn and Hg, based on federal toxicity standards. Enrichment factors and statistical analyses suggest that Ni and Cr originate from natural sources, while anthropogenic sources dominate supply of As, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb, Sb, and Zn. This unique time-series shows that major flooding events, such as Hurricane Harvey in 2017, affect surface sediment metal distributions in Galveston Bay, but not any more than the natural geochemical controls on spatiotemporal distributions of metals in anthropogenic-influenced estuaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Lopez
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, USA.
| | | | - Hannah M Adams
- Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Timothy M Dellapenna
- Department of Marine Sciences/Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77553, USA.
| | - Alan D Brandon
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, USA.
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7
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Liu H, Gu Y, Qin Y, Yu Z, Huang X, Xie S, Zheng M, Zhang Z, Cheng S. The elemental enrichments at Dajiuhu Peatland in the Middle Yangtze Valley in response to changes in East Asian monsoon and human activity since 20,000 cal yr BP. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 757:143990. [PMID: 33316522 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Here we present multiproxy inorganic geochemical records from a peat core (ZK5) from the Dajiuhu Basin in central China to investigate peatland deposition processes and atmospheric metal pollution and to explore their relationships with East Asian monsoon change and human activities in the Middle Yangtze Valley since 20,000 cal yr BP. The peat physicochemical data including total organic carbon (TOC), trace elements, and grain-size show that the site has changed from a lake during the cold-wet Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 20,000-18,000 cal yr BP), to a marshy wetland during the mild last deglaciation (18,000-11,500 cal yr BP) and a peatland during the mostly warm and dry Holocene (11,500 cal yr BP-present). This general sequence corresponds with changes in East Asian monsoon indicated by stalagmites δ18O records and boreal summer insolation. Marked decreases in trace element concentrations correspond to two periods of peatland expansion during the abrupt hydroclimatic transitions from the LGM to the last deglaciation and from the last deglaciation to the early Holocene. Warm-dry mid-Holocene might induce high organic matter decomposition in peat sediments. Increasing natural element concentrations since the late Holocene are correlated with the weakening of the summer monsoon and elevated atmospheric dust deposition. Increasing Cu and Pb concentrations in peat record indicate large-scale Cu smelting during the Bronze Age and excessive coal burning during the 10th century or so. The anthropogenic heavy metals were transported by prevailing East Asian summer monsoon and deposited in the Dajiuhu Basin during periods of heightened human activities. Our compilation of heavy metals records across China confirmed the noticeable impacts of the historical human activity on deposition environments during the late Holocene. Consequently, trace elements from the Dajiuhu Basin are reliable proxies for capturing monsoon climate-induced peatland deposition response and present important evidence for a historical atmospheric heavy metal pollution in the Middle Yangtze Valley. Our results offer useful references for peatland evolution and protection under the background of global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongye Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution & Eco-Restoration (WEER), China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yansheng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution & Eco-Restoration (WEER), China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Yangmin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution & Eco-Restoration (WEER), China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zicheng Yu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA; Institute for Peat and Mire Research, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xianyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shucheng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Min Zheng
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhiqi Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution & Eco-Restoration (WEER), China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Shennongjia National Park Administration, Shennongjia 442400, Hubei, China
| | - Shenggao Cheng
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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Vasil’eva IE, Shabanova EV. Plant-Matrix Certified Reference Materials as a Tool for Ensuring the Uniformity of Chemical Measurements. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934821020143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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De Vleeschouwer F, Baron S, Cloy JM, Enrico M, Ettler V, Fagel N, Kempter H, Kylander M, Li C, Longman J, Martinez-Cortizas A, Marx S, Mattielli N, Mighall T, Nieminen TM, Piotrowska N, Pontevedra-Pombal X, Pratte S, Renson V, Shotyk W, Shuttleworth E, Sikorski J, Stromsoe N, Talbot J, von Scheffer C, Weiss D, Zaccone C, Le Roux G. Comment on: "A novel approach to peatlands as archives of total cumulative spatial pollution loads from atmospheric deposition of airborne elements complementary to EMEP data: Priority pollutants (Pb, Cd, Hg)" by Ewa Miszczak, Sebastian Stefaniak, Adam Michczyński, Eiliv Steinnes and Irena Twardowska. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 737:138699. [PMID: 32376094 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A recent paper by Miszczak et al. (2020) examines metal contamination of mires in Poland and Norway. The authors conclude that lead (Pb) records in ombrotrophic peatlands cannot be used to reconstruct the chronological history of anthropogenic activities due to post-depositional mobility of the metal. We contest this general conclusion which stands in contrast with a significant body of literature demonstrating that Pb is largely immobile in the vast majority of ombrotrophic peatlands. Our aim is to reaffirm the crucial contribution that peat records have made to our knowledge of atmospheric Pb contamination. In addition, we reiterate the necessity of following established protocols to produce reliable records of anthropogenic Pb contamination in environmental archives.
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Affiliation(s)
- F De Vleeschouwer
- Instituto Franco-Argentino para el Estudio del Clima y sus Impactos (UMI IFAECI/CNRS-CONICET-UBA-IRD), Argentina.
| | - S Baron
- Laboratoire TRACES (CNRS, Université de Toulouse), France
| | - J M Cloy
- Scotland's Rural College, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M Enrico
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - V Ettler
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - N Fagel
- AGEs, Département de Géologie, Université de Liège, Belgium
| | - H Kempter
- Welzheimer Str. 14, D-71566 Althuette, Germany
| | - M Kylander
- Department of Geological Sciences and the Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - C Li
- Geoscience Environnement Toulouse (CNRS-UPS-IRD-CNAP-CNES), France
| | - J Longman
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, UK
| | | | - S Marx
- GeoQuEST Research Centre, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - N Mattielli
- Laboratoire G-Time, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - T Mighall
- School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - T M Nieminen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland Luke, Helsinki, Finland
| | - N Piotrowska
- Silesian University of Technology, Institute of Physics-CSE, GADAM Center, Gliwice, Poland
| | | | - S Pratte
- Department of Geography, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - V Renson
- Research Reactor, University of Missouri, USA
| | - W Shotyk
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - J Sikorski
- Silesian University of Technology, Institute of Physics-CSE, GADAM Center, Gliwice, Poland
| | - N Stromsoe
- College of Engineering, IT and Environment, Charles Darwin University, Australia
| | - J Talbot
- Département de Géographie, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - C von Scheffer
- Institute for Ecosystem Research, Kiel University, Germany
| | - D Weiss
- Imperial College London, UK; Princeton University, Princeton, USA
| | - C Zaccone
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Italy
| | - G Le Roux
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
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Miszczak E, Stefaniak S, Michczyński A, Steinnes E, Twardowska I. A novel approach to peatlands as archives of total cumulative spatial pollution loads from atmospheric deposition of airborne elements complementary to EMEP data: priority pollutants (Pb, Cd, Hg). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 705:135776. [PMID: 31972936 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach to using peatlands for assessment of cumulative contributions from long-range transport of pollutants (LRTP) - airborne trace elements - to spatial pollution was exemplified in evaluating retrospective atmospheric deposition of priority pollutants (Pb, Cd, Hg) in peat bogs in Norway in areas minor affected by local sources of pollution and in NW Poland located on the way of possible LRTP from Poland to Norway. Peat from the corresponding 14C-dated layers of five ombrotrophic bogs in each country, was analysed for trace element contents. Pollutant concentrations/load distribution along the peat profiles related to bulk density has given a clear evidence of uneven density-dependent temporal vertical migration of all studied elements that distorts the chronology of their deposition. Much higher loads of Pb, Cd and Hg in southern Norwegian bogs than in bogs located in NW Poland proved transboundary transport from neighbouring highly industrialized European countries to be much more significant contributor to high deposition of the priority pollutants in this area and rather excludes LRTP from Poland as a major source of total land pollution in southernmost Norway. The study showed excellent applicability of peat bogs for the exact assessment of retrospective cumulative pollutant loads from LRTP, but not for the identification of deposition chronology. Combining the use of ombrotrophic peat bogs as tools for retrospective monitoring of cumulative land pollution with airborne elements with current LRTP data within the Cooperative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-Range Transmission of Air Pollutants in Europe (EMEP) may provide a complete reliable picture of the effect of anthropogenic emissions on soil quality and create a foundation of optimum environmental policy and activities in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Miszczak
- Institute of Environmental Engineering of the Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie st. 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Sebastian Stefaniak
- Institute of Environmental Engineering of the Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie st. 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Adam Michczyński
- Silesian University of Technology, Institute of Physics, Department of Radioisotopes, GADAM Centre of Excellence, Konarskiego st. 22b, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Eiliv Steinnes
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Irena Twardowska
- Institute of Environmental Engineering of the Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie st. 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland.
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Abstract
The atmosphere is composed of nitrogen, oxygen and argon, a variety of trace gases, and particles or aerosols from a variety of sources. Reactive, trace gases have short mean residence time in the atmosphere and large spatial and temporal variations in concentration. Many trace gases are removed by reaction with hydroxyl radical and deposition in rainfall or dryfall at the Earth's surface. The upper atmosphere, the stratosphere, contains ozone that screens ultraviolet light from the Earth's surface. Chlorofluorocarbons released by humans lead to the loss of stratospheric ozone, which might eventually render the Earth's land surface uninhabitable. Changes in the composition of the atmosphere, especially rising concentrations of CO2, CH4, and N2O, will lead to climatic changes over much of the Earth's surface.
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Liu J, Wang Z, Zhao H, Peros M, Yang Q, Liu S, Li H, Wang S, Bu Z. Mercury and arsenic in the surface peat soils of the Changbai Mountains, northeastern China: distribution, environmental controls, sources, and ecological risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:34595-34609. [PMID: 30315532 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3380-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The potential toxic risk of mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As) in the soils of mining regions and other artificially disturbed lands receives considerable research attention. However, limited investigation has been conducted into the surface soils of natural globally distributed ecosystems, for example peatlands. In this study, we examine the distribution, controlling factors, sources, and potential ecological risks of Hg and As in 96 samples from 42 peatlands in the Changbai Mountains of northeastern China. The results showed that average concentrations (dry weight) of Hg and As at the samples sites were 169.1 ± 0.1 µg kg-1 and 13.0 ± 7.7 mg kg-1, respectively. The distribution of Hg is largely determined by latitude and altitude, while As is controlled more by pH, total organic carbon (TOC), and ratio of TOC and nitrogen (C/N) at the regional scale. Variations in TOC, C/N ratio, and redox conditions contribute to determining the distribution of Hg, while TOC and redox conditions mainly affected the distribution of Arsenic at the local scale. Mercury mostly comes from regional atmospheric wet deposition, whereas elevated concentrations of As are related to local anthropogenic activities. Overall, Hg and As in the peatlands of the Changbai Mountains pose a moderate level of potential risk to ecological health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China
- Institute for Peat & Mire Research, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China
| | - Zucheng Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China
- Institute for Peat & Mire Research, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China.
- Institute for Peat & Mire Research, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China.
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China.
| | - Matthew Peros
- Department of Environment and Geography, Bishop's University, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1M 1Z7, Canada
| | - Qiannan Yang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China
- Institute for Peat & Mire Research, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China
- Institute for Peat & Mire Research, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China
| | - Hongkai Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China
- Institute for Peat & Mire Research, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China
| | - Shengzhong Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China
- Institute for Peat & Mire Research, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China
| | - Zhaojun Bu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China
- Institute for Peat & Mire Research, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China
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Bohdálková L, Bohdálek P, Břízová E, Pacherová P, Kuběna AA. Atmospheric metal pollution records in the Kovářská Bog (Czech Republic) as an indicator of anthropogenic activities over the last three millennia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 633:857-874. [PMID: 29602122 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Three peat cores were extracted from the Kovářská Bog in the central Ore Mountains to study anthropogenic pollution generated by mining and metallurgy. The core profiles were 14C dated, and concentrations of selected elements were determined by ICP MS and HG-AAS. Principal component analysis indicated that Pb, Cu, As and Ag may be useful elements for the reconstruction of historical atmospheric pollution. Total and anthropogenic accumulation rates (ARs) of Pb, Cu and As estimated for the last ca. 3500years showed similar chronologies, and revealed twelve periods of elevated ARs of Pb, As and Cu related to possible mining and metallurgic activities. In total, four periods of elevated ARs of Pb, Cu and As were detected during the Middle and Late Bronze Ages, including a distinct Late Bronze Age pollution event between 1030BCE and 910BCE. The Iron Age included three episodes of increased ARs of Pb and As; the first and the most distinctive episode, recorded between 730 and 440BCE, was simultaneous with the Bylany culture during the Hallstatt Period. The Roman Age was characterized by one pollution event, two events were detected in the Middle Ages, and the last two during the modern period. Enhanced element ARs in the late 12th and 15th centuries clearly documented the onset of two periods of intense mining in the Ore Mountains. Metal ARs culminated in ca. 1600CE, and subsequently decreased after the beginning of the Thirty Years' War. The last boom of mining between 1700CE and 1830CE represented the last period of important metallurgical operations. Late Medieval and modern period metal ARs are in good agreement with written documents. Earlier pollution peaks suggest that local metal production could have a much longer tradition than commonly believed; however, archaeological or written evidence is scarce or lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leona Bohdálková
- Czech Geological Survey, Geologicka 6, 152 00 Prague 5, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Institute, AS CR, Belidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Bohdálek
- Czech Geological Survey, Geologicka 6, 152 00 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Břízová
- Czech Geological Survey, Geologicka 6, 152 00 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Pacherová
- Czech Geological Survey, Geologicka 6, 152 00 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Antonín Kuběna
- Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203/8, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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14
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Reconstruction of Atmospheric Lead Pollution During the Roman Period Recorded in Belgian Ombrotrophic Peatlands Cores. ATMOSPHERE 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos9070253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Pratte S, Bao K, Shen J, Mackenzie L, Klamt AM, Wang G, Xing W. Recent atmospheric metal deposition in peatlands of northeast China: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 626:1284-1294. [PMID: 29898536 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
China is one of the fastest-growing economies of the late 20th and early 21st centuries, and heavy metal emissions have increased in parallel with rapid industrialization and urbanization. Over the last decade, several studies of geochemical records from peat have reconstructed changes in atmospheric metal pollution in China. We review the peat records that detail the history of atmospheric metal pollution over the last two centuries in NE China. The ecological risk (ER) of accumulated metals and their potential eco-toxicological effects, through threshold and probable effect concentrations (TEC and PEC), are also evaluated. Peat records of metals show an increase of pollution loads in the environment over the pre-industrial level during the past two centuries, with an unprecedented increase in China over the last 60 years. There is generally good agreement between geochemical peat records from NE China and others records elsewhere in China. However, some discrepancies are observed especially with Hg records from lake sediments. These discrepancies could be explained by several factors, including post-depositional processes or uncertainties arising from dating methods. The ecological risk of heavy metals is found to be relatively weak in the remote and high-altitude environment in NE China. Although, most metals are under the TEC, Pb concentrations usually surpass it and are getting close to the PEC which indicates increasing ecological risks. Some areas of improvement have been highlighted such as the need for more long-term studies on atmospheric metals and a greater number of Pb isotopes records to better capture the long history of human activity and the spatial variability in metal deposition of the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Pratte
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Kunshan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Ji Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Lydia Mackenzie
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Anna-Marie Klamt
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Guoping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Wei Xing
- School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
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16
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Quantitative assessment of Pb sources in isotopic mixtures using a Bayesian mixing model. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6154. [PMID: 29670142 PMCID: PMC5906678 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24474-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) isotopes provide valuable insights into the origin of Pb within a sample, typically allowing for reliable fingerprinting of their source. This is useful for a variety of applications, from tracing sources of pollution-related Pb, to the origins of Pb in archaeological artefacts. However, current approaches investigate source proportions via graphical means, or simple mixing models. As such, an approach, which quantitatively assesses source proportions and fingerprints the signature of analysed Pb, especially for larger numbers of sources, would be valuable. Here we use an advanced Bayesian isotope mixing model for three such applications: tracing dust sources in pre-anthropogenic environmental samples, tracking changing ore exploitation during the Roman period, and identifying the source of Pb in a Roman-age mining artefact. These examples indicate this approach can understand changing Pb sources deposited during both pre-anthropogenic times, when natural cycling of Pb dominated, and the Roman period, one marked by significant anthropogenic pollution. Our archaeometric investigation indicates clear input of Pb from Romanian ores previously speculated, but not proven, to have been the Pb source. Our approach can be applied to a range of disciplines, providing a new method for robustly tracing sources of Pb observed within a variety of environments.
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Abstract
Synthesizing published data, we provide a quantitative summary of the global biogeochemical cycle of vanadium (V), including both human-derived and natural fluxes. Through mining of V ores (130 × 109 g V/y) and extraction and combustion of fossil fuels (600 × 109 g V/y), humans are the predominant force in the geochemical cycle of V at Earth's surface. Human emissions of V to the atmosphere are now likely to exceed background emissions by as much as a factor of 1.7, and, presumably, we have altered the deposition of V from the atmosphere by a similar amount. Excessive V in air and water has potential, but poorly documented, consequences for human health. Much of the atmospheric flux probably derives from emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels, but the magnitude of this flux depends on the type of fuel, with relatively low emissions from coal and higher contributions from heavy crude oils, tar sands bitumen, and petroleum coke. Increasing interest in petroleum derived from unconventional deposits is likely to lead to greater emissions of V to the atmosphere in the near future. Our analysis further suggests that the flux of V in rivers has been incremented by about 15% from human activities. Overall, the budget of dissolved V in the oceans is remarkably well balanced-with about 40 × 109 g V/y to 50 × 109 g V/y inputs and outputs, and a mean residence time for dissolved V in seawater of about 130,000 y with respect to inputs from rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Schlesinger
- Earth and Ocean Sciences, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Emily M Klein
- Earth and Ocean Sciences, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Avner Vengosh
- Earth and Ocean Sciences, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
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18
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Talbot J, Moore TR, Wang M, Ouellet Dallaire C, Riley JL. Distribution of lead and mercury in Ontario peatlands. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 231:890-898. [PMID: 28886534 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
While considerable attention has been given to the measurement of mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) concentrations and accumulation in detailed peat cores in central Canada, the geographic distribution and density of sampling are generally limited. Here, we use the Ontario Peatland Inventory to examine broad patterns of Hg and Pb concentration with depth, based on 338 peat cores (containing >1500 analyzed samples) from 127 bogs, fens and swamps located in southeastern, northeastern and northwestern sections of Ontario. Overall, Hg concentrations averaged 0.05 μg g-1 and that of Pb averaged 10.8 μg g-1. Maximum values in the top 50 cm of the profiles are 0.08 μg g-1 and 26.2 μg g-1 for Hg and Pb, respectively. The ratio between these values (surface) and the values from below 100 cm (background), where peat likely accumulated before 1850 and industrial activities were limited, are 2.3 and 6.6 for Hg and Pb, respectively. The highest surface:background concentration ratios are generally found in the westernmost part of the province and in the southeast for Hg and around areas that are more heavily populated for Pb. Our results show that a vast amount of Hg and Pb are stored in Ontarian peatlands, although the spatial distribution of these stores varies. The rapid decomposition of peat in a changing climate could release these pollutants to the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Talbot
- Département de Géographie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2V 2B8, Canada.
| | - Tim R Moore
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0B9, Canada
| | - Meng Wang
- Center for Ecological Forecasting and Global Change, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | | | - John L Riley
- Nature Conservancy of Canada, Toronto, ON M4R 1A1, Canada
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19
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Souter L, Watmough SA. The impact of drought and air pollution on metal profiles in peat cores. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 541:1031-1040. [PMID: 26473705 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Peat cores have long been used to reconstruct atmospheric metal deposition; however, debate remains regarding how well historical depositional patterns are preserved in peat. This study examined peat cores sampled from 14 peatlands in the Sudbury region of Ontario, Canada, which has a well-documented history of acid and metal deposition. Copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) concentrations within individual peat cores were strongly correlated and were elevated in the upper 10 cm, especially in the sites closest to the main Copper Cliff smelter. In contrast, nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) concentrations were often elevated at depths greater than 10 cm, indicating much greater post-depositional movement of these metals compared with Cu and Pb. Post-depositional movement of metals is supported by the observation that Ni and Co concentrations in peat pore water increased by approximately 530 and 960% for Ni and Co, respectively between spring and summer due to drought-induced acidification, but there was much less change in Cu concentration. Sphagnum cover and (210)Pb activity measured at 10 cm at the 14 sites significantly increased with distance from Copper Cliff, and the surface peat von Post score decreased with distance from Copper Cliff, indicating the rate of peat formation increases with distance from Sudbury presumably as a result of improved Sphagnum survival. This study shows that the ability of peat to preserve deposition histories of some metals is strongly affected by drought-induced post-depositional movement and that loss of Sphagnum due to air pollution impairs the rate of peat formation, further affecting metal profiles in peatlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Souter
- Environmental and Life Sciences Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - Shaun A Watmough
- Environmental Resource Studies Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada.
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20
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de Paula PHM, Mateus VL, Araripe DR, Duyck CB, Saint'Pierre TD, Gioda A. Biomonitoring of metals for air pollution assessment using a hemiepiphyte herb (Struthanthus flexicaulis). CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 138:429-437. [PMID: 26160299 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This work presents first results on elemental characterization of a parasite plant, Struthanthus flexicaulis, collected in urban, industrial and rural areas of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, in order to evaluate this plant as a biomonitor of metals pollution. The results were also compared to those obtained for fine particulate matter (PM2.5) collected from filters in nearby locales. The concentrations of PM2.5 measured in the filters were between 8.0 and 18.0 μg m(-3); in some places, these measurements were higher than the 10 μg m(-3), concentration recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Samples of the leaves and filters with PM were submitted to acid extraction, and the extracts were employed to determine major elements (Ba, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, P and S) by ICP OES and minor elements (Cr, Cu, La, Mn, Pb, Sr, Ti and Zn) by ICP-MS. Elements' extraction efficiency was evaluated by applying the method to the certified reference materials (CMR) of tomato leaves (NIST 1573(rd)) and urban dust (NIST 1648a). The concentrations of Ca, K and Mg were higher in leaves, while Ba, Ca, K and Zn showed higher concentrations in the PM. As expected, rural sites presented lower metal content. Enrichment factor (EF) and principal component analysis with multiple linear regression analysis (PCA-MLRA) were applied to the concentrations of elements in PM2.5 and in the leaves. Anthropogenic sources could be identified with both tools, which supports the use of S. flexicaulis as a biomonitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Henrique M de Paula
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Department of Chemistry, Rua Marquês de São Vicente 225, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vinícius L Mateus
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Department of Chemistry, Rua Marquês de São Vicente 225, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Denise R Araripe
- Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Department of Chemistry, Valonguinhos, Outeiro de São João Batista, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Christiane B Duyck
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Department of Chemistry, Rua Marquês de São Vicente 225, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Department of Chemistry, Valonguinhos, Outeiro de São João Batista, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tatiana D Saint'Pierre
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Department of Chemistry, Rua Marquês de São Vicente 225, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adriana Gioda
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Department of Chemistry, Rua Marquês de São Vicente 225, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Atmospheric Deposition History of Trace Metals and Metalloids for the Last 200 Years Recorded by Three Peat Cores in Great Hinggan Mountain, Northeast China. ATMOSPHERE 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos6030380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Pérez-Rodríguez M, Horák-Terra I, Rodríguez-Lado L, Aboal JR, Martínez Cortizas A. Long-term (∼57 ka) controls on mercury accumulation in the Southern Hemisphere reconstructed using a peat record from Pinheiro mire (Minas Gerais, Brazil). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:1356-1364. [PMID: 25545204 DOI: 10.1021/es504826d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Natural archives have been used to reconstruct mercury atmospheric deposition at different spatial and temporal scales during the Holocene in the Northern Hemisphere. In this study, we present the results from a Brazilian mountain mire (Pinheiro mire, Minas Gerais, SE Brazil), extending back to ∼57 ka. The core was analyzed for mercury concentration, organic matter content, organic carbon isotopic composition, and tracers of mineral matter flux. Principal components analysis followed by principal components regression enabled us to determine the evolution of the weight of the latent processes governing the accumulation of mercury through time. We show that climate change was the main driver for the variations of mercury concentrations, either indirectly by (i) enhancing soil erosion in the mire's catchment, which led to a decrease in mercury concentration due to dilution by low mercury-containing mineral matter, (ii) increasing regional dust deposition, which resulted in increased concentrations, or directly, by long-term changes in atmospheric wet deposition (arid vs humid periods). Internal peat processes (i.e., decomposition and mass loss) had a minor influence at the time scale represented by the core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pérez-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Biología and ‡Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , Campus Sur s/n, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
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De Vleeschouwer F, Vanneste H, Mauquoy D, Piotrowska N, Torrejón F, Roland T, Stein A, Le Roux G. Emissions from pre-Hispanic metallurgy in the South American atmosphere. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111315. [PMID: 25353346 PMCID: PMC4213032 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallurgical activities have been undertaken in northern South America (NSA) for millennia. However, it is still unknown how far atmospheric emissions from these activities have been transported. Since the timing of metallurgical activities is currently estimated from scarce archaeological discoveries, the availability of reliable and continuous records to refine the timing of past metal deposition in South America is essential, as it provides an alternative to discontinuous archives, as well as evidence for global trace metal transport. We show in a peat record from Tierra del Fuego that anthropogenic metals likely have been emitted into the atmosphere and transported from NSA to southern South America (SSA) over the last 4200 yrs. These findings are supported by modern time back-trajectories from NSA to SSA. We further show that apparent anthropogenic Cu and Sb emissions predate any archaeological evidence for metallurgical activities. Lead and Sn were also emitted into the atmosphere as by-products of Inca and Spanish metallurgy, whereas local coal-gold rushes and the industrial revolution contributed to local contamination. We suggest that the onset of pre-Hispanic metallurgical activities is earlier than previously reported from archaeological records and that atmospheric emissions of metals were transported from NSA to SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- François De Vleeschouwer
- Université de Toulouse, INP, UPS, EcoLab (Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement), ENSAT, Castanet Tolosan, France
- CNRS, EcoLab, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Heleen Vanneste
- Université de Toulouse, INP, UPS, EcoLab (Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement), ENSAT, Castanet Tolosan, France
- CNRS, EcoLab, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Dmitri Mauquoy
- School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Piotrowska
- Department of Radioisotopes, Institute of Physics, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Fernando Torrejón
- Environmental Sciences Center EULA-Chile, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Thomas Roland
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Palaeoenvironmental Laboratory (PLUS), Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ariel Stein
- NOAA/Air Resources Laboratory, R/ARL - NCWCP, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gaël Le Roux
- Université de Toulouse, INP, UPS, EcoLab (Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement), ENSAT, Castanet Tolosan, France
- CNRS, EcoLab, Castanet Tolosan, France
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