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Liu Y, Du Y, Li Y, Li C, Zhong S, Xu Z, Wang C, Du D. Does Bidens pilosa L. Affect Carbon and Nitrogen Contents, Enzymatic Activities, and Bacterial Communities in Soil Treated with Different Forms of Nitrogen Deposition? Microorganisms 2024; 12:1624. [PMID: 39203466 PMCID: PMC11356382 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12081624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The deposition of nitrogen in soil may be influenced by the presence of different nitrogen components, which may affect the accessibility of soil nitrogen and invasive plant-soil microbe interactions. This, in turn, may alter the success of invasive plants. This study aimed to clarify the influences of the invasive plant Bidens pilosa L. on the physicochemical properties, carbon and nitrogen contents, enzymatic activities, and bacterial communities in soil in comparison to the native plant Pterocypsela laciniata (Houtt.) Shih treated with simulated nitrogen deposition at 5 g nitrogen m-2 yr-1 in four forms (nitrate, ammonium, urea, and mixed nitrogen). Monocultural B. pilosa resulted in a notable increase in soil pH but a substantial decrease in the moisture, electrical conductivity, ammonium content, and the activities of polyphenol oxidase, β-xylosidase, FDA hydrolase, and sucrase in soil in comparison to the control. Co-cultivating B. pilosa and P. laciniata resulted in a notable increase in total soil organic carbon content in comparison to the control. Monocultural B. pilosa resulted in a notable decrease in soil bacterial alpha diversity in comparison to monocultural P. laciniata. Soil FDA hydrolase activity and soil bacterial alpha diversity, especially the indices of Shannon's diversity, Simpson's dominance, and Pielou's evenness, exhibited a notable decline under co-cultivated B. pilosa and P. laciniata treated with nitrate in comparison to those treated with ammonium, urea, and mixed nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingsheng Liu
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.L.); (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (C.L.); (S.Z.); (Z.X.)
| | - Yizhuo Du
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.L.); (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (C.L.); (S.Z.); (Z.X.)
| | - Yue Li
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.L.); (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (C.L.); (S.Z.); (Z.X.)
| | - Chuang Li
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.L.); (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (C.L.); (S.Z.); (Z.X.)
| | - Shanshan Zhong
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.L.); (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (C.L.); (S.Z.); (Z.X.)
| | - Zhelun Xu
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.L.); (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (C.L.); (S.Z.); (Z.X.)
- Weed Research Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Congyan Wang
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.L.); (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (C.L.); (S.Z.); (Z.X.)
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Daolin Du
- Jingjiang College, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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Zhang Q, Guo X, Zhao T, Jin C, Xiao C, He Y. Atmospheric organic nitrogen deposition around the Danjiangkou Reservoir: Fluxes, characteristics and evidence of agricultural source. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122906. [PMID: 37952919 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) deposition was the substantial component of dissolved total nitrogen (DTN) deposition in the world's nitrogen deposition hot spots areas. However, the information on the importance for DON deposition and its sources was still scarce, which limited the comprehensive assessment of the ecological threat from nitrogen deposition. Six sampling sites around the Danjiangkou Reservoir were set up to collect the dry and wet deposition samples from October 2017 to September 2021. The results showed that dry and wet DTN deposition averaged 34.72 kg ha-1 yr-1 and 22.27 kg ha-1 yr-1, respectively. Dry NH4+-N, NO3--N and DON deposition averaged 14.28 kg ha-1 yr-1, 5.91 kg ha-1 yr-1 and 14.53 kg ha-1 yr-1, respectively. Wet NH4+-N, NO3--N and DON deposition averaged 11.14 kg ha-1 yr-1, 3.89 kg ha-1 yr-1and 7.24 kg ha-1 yr-1, respectively. The contributions of DON to DTN were 41.85% (in dry deposition) and 32.50% (in wet deposition), respectively. Dry DON deposition varied between 26.44 kg ha-1 yr-1 and 9.11 kg ha-1 yr-1, and significantly differed among six sampling sites (P < 0.05). The different intensity of agricultural activities disturbance at the sampling sites was the important reason for the spatial variations of DON deposition. DON deposition was significantly correlated with ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) deposition (P < 0.05). According to the results of positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, agriculture source contributed significantly to the DON deposition, the contributions at six sampling sites ranged from 45.8% to 73.7% in dry deposition, and from 56.8% to 81.6% in wet deposition. In summary, our findings found that agricultural activities were the important factors influencing the spatial patterns of DON deposition around Danjiangkou Reservoir and provided new evidence for the anthropogenic source of DON deposition in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmiao Zhang
- Institute of Resources & Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
| | - Xiaoming Guo
- Institute of Resources & Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China.
| | - Tongqian Zhao
- Institute of Resources & Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
| | - Chao Jin
- Institute of Resources & Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
| | - Chunyan Xiao
- Institute of Resources & Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
| | - Yuxiao He
- Institute of Resources & Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China
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Xi Y, Wang Q, Zhu J, Yang M, Hao T, Chen Y, Zhang Q, He N, Yu G. Atmospheric wet organic nitrogen deposition in China: Insights from the national observation network. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 898:165629. [PMID: 37467980 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Organic nitrogen (N) is an important component of atmospheric reactive N deposition, and its bioavailability is almost as important as that of inorganic N. Currently, there are limited reports of national observations of organic N deposition; most stations are concentrated in rural and urban areas, with even fewer long-term observations of natural ecosystems in remote areas. Based on the China Wet Deposition Observation Network, this study regularly collected monthly wet deposition samples from 43 typical ecosystems from 2013 to 2021 and measured related N concentrations. The aim was to provide a more comprehensive assessment of the multi-component characteristics of atmospheric wet N deposition and reveal the influencing factors and potential sources of wet dissolved organic N (DON) deposition. The results showed that atmospheric wet deposition fluxes of NO3-, NH4+, DON and dissolved total N (DTN) were 4.68, 5.25, 4.32, and 13.05 kg N ha-1 yr-1, respectively, and that DON accounted for 30 % of DTN deposition (potentially up to 50 % in remote areas). Wet DON deposition was related to anthropogenic emissions (agriculture, biomass burning, and traffic), natural emissions (volatile organic compound emissions from vegetation), and precipitation processes. The wet DON deposition flux was higher in South, Central, and Southwest China, with more precipitation and intensive agricultural activities or more vegetation cover, and lower in Northwest China and Inner Mongolia, with less precipitation and human activities or vegetation cover. DON was the main contributor to DTN deposition in remote areas and was possibly related to natural emissions. In rural and urban areas, DON may have been more influenced by agricultural activities and anthropogenic emissions. This study quantified the long-term spatiotemporal patterns of wet N deposition and provides a reference for future N addition experiments and N cycle studies. Further consideration of DON deposition is required, especially in the context of anthropogenic control of NO2 and NH3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xi
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiufeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Meng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianxiang Hao
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanran Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiongyu Zhang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Nianpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Guirui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Cui X, Peng L, Guo Y, Zhang G, Liu H, Wen Y, Zhang G, Sun J. Distribution, source identification and ecological effects of aerosol dissolved nutrients in the Bohai Bay. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 320:121069. [PMID: 36639046 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The atmospheric aerosols around the Bohai Bay are affected intensively by the surrounding industrial, shipping and other human activities. Although atmospheric dry deposition is an important way for nutrients to enter the Bohai Bay, few studies explore the distribution patterns, source and deposition fluxes of typical nutrients in aerosols and their impacts on the marine ecosystem. This paper explored the spatial-temporal distribution of typical aerosol nutrients in summer and autumn, and their source and ecological effects were illustrated further. The mean concentration of dissolved total phosphorus (DTP), dissolved total nitrogen (DTN), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), ammonium (NH4-N), nitrate (NO3-N), nitrite (NO2-N), silicate (SiO3-Si), phosphate (PO4-P), and dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) were 31.22, 847.22, 288.19, 559.77, 288.19, 304.00, 253.65, 2.12, 15.74 and 15.48 nmol/m3, respectively, while their fluxes were corresponding to 0.61, 8.36, 2.52, 4.90, 1.41, 2.49, 0.02, 0.04, 0.19 and 0.26 mmol/(m2 month). Typical aerosol nutrient concentrations in autumn were mostly higher than those in summer, with high values occurring mainly in the central region. The potential sources of pollution were mainly concentrated in Shandong and Mongolia, and the sources of pollution were mainly agriculture, dust and industry. The large N:P and N:Si ratios in the dry deposition likely exacerbated Si and P limitation in the water column. These results provided the data basis for evaluating the pollution status and revealed that the dry deposition of aerosol nutrients should not be neglected by the ecological environment in the Bohai Bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Cui
- Research Centre for Indian Ocean Ecosystem, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Liying Peng
- Research Centre for Indian Ocean Ecosystem, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Research Centre for Indian Ocean Ecosystem, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Guicheng Zhang
- Research Centre for Indian Ocean Ecosystem, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Haijiao Liu
- Research Centre for Indian Ocean Ecosystem, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yujian Wen
- Research Centre for Indian Ocean Ecosystem, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Research Centre for Indian Ocean Ecosystem, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Research Centre for Indian Ocean Ecosystem, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China; Institute for Advanced Marine Research, China University of Geosciences, Guangzhou, 511462, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, 430074, China.
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5
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Tan J, Su H, Itahashi S, Tao W, Wang S, Li R, Fu H, Huang K, Fu JS, Cheng Y. Quantifying the wet deposition of reactive nitrogen over China: Synthesis of observations and models. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158007. [PMID: 35970459 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Accurate estimation on reaction nitrogen (Nr) deposition is highly demanded for assessing the impacts on the environment and human beings. This study investigated the wet deposition of inorganic nitrogen (IN) in mainland China by measurements from over 500 sites from five observational networks/databases and ensemble results of eleven chemical transport models (CTMs). Each data source has its focus and limitations and together formed a comprehensive view over China. But the inconsistency among different sources may hinder the appropriate usage of data. Model evaluation results demonstrated the models' deficiency in simulating the wet NO3- deposition over Southeast China (40 % underestimation) and showed an overall underestimation of wet NH4+ deposition over the hotspot regions (5-60 % underestimation). A synthesis of this study and twelve reference studies was conducted to quantify the national amount of wet IN deposition. The estimations by CTMs ranged 2.4-3.9 Tg(N) yr-1 for wet NOy deposition and 4-6.7 Tg(N) yr-1 for wet NHx deposition, after adjusting the results with 10-19 % underestimations in wet NOy deposition and 1-40 % underestimations in wet NHx deposition. The estimations by ground observations ranged 7.1-9 Tg(N) yr-1 for wet NOy deposition and 8-13.1 Tg(N) yr-1 for wet NHx deposition, which were 20-275 % higher than the estimation by CTMs, but the results were strongly influenced by the abundances and representative of measurements. Studies using statistical techniques to interpolate site observations predicted 3-5.5 Tg(N) yr-1 for wet NOy deposition and 3.9-7.2 Tg(N) yr-1 for wet NHx deposition. This approach benefited from high accuracy and good robustness of the statistical models, but the uncertainty in the interpolation methods could be a potential drawback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Tan
- Minerva Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany; Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Hang Su
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany.
| | - Syuichi Itahashi
- Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Abiko, Chiba 270-1194, Japan
| | - Wei Tao
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Siwen Wang
- Minerva Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany; Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Rui Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongbo Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Kan Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Joshua S Fu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Yafang Cheng
- Minerva Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
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Mishra M, Kulshrestha UC. Wet deposition of total dissolved nitrogen in Indo-Gangetic Plain (India). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:9282-9292. [PMID: 34505249 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16293-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Very limited information on the magnitude and environmental impacts of both inorganic and organic forms of nitrogen (N) wet deposition is available in India. Molar concentrations of inorganic (NH4+ and NO3-) and organic N in rainwater were monitored at three different land use sites in Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) during the monsoon period (June-September) of 2017. It has been observed that dissolved organic N (DON) contributed significantly to the total dissolved N (TDN) ranging from 5 to 60%. Dissolved inorganic N (DIN = NH4+ + NO3-) concentration was recorded as high as 221.0 μmol L-1 at urban site to as low as 65.9 μmol L-1 at the rural site. A similar pattern was also observed for DON. NH4+ contribution to TDN had the order urban megacity (65%) > urban (70%) > rural (75%). Agriculture and animal husbandry are the primary sources of NH4+ emissions in the rural site. However, NO3- has shown a contrasting trend at these sites (25%, 15%, and 8%, respectively). Wet deposition fluxes of atmospheric TDN were observed to be higher at urban sites. This can be attributed to a variety of local sources such as vehicular emission, microbial emissions, biomass burning, human excreta due to higher population density, and transportation from surrounding areas, as observed from concentration weighted trajectories (CWT) model and cluster analysis. Upwind region of IGP has experienced major influence of air mass transported from agriculturally rich northwest part of India. However, both the downwind sites have experienced by-and-large the influence of south-westerly air masses originated over the Arabian Sea. This study has found that the DON contributes significantly to TDN, and therefore, its inclusion for nitrogen budget assessment in South Asia is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Mishra
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
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Zhang Q, Li Y, Wang M, Wang K, Meng F, Liu L, Zhao Y, Ma L, Zhu Q, Xu W, Zhang F. Atmospheric nitrogen deposition: A review of quantification methods and its spatial pattern derived from the global monitoring networks. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 216:112180. [PMID: 33865187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition is a vital component of the global N cycle. Excessive N deposition on the Earth's surface has adverse impacts on ecosystems and humans. Quantification of atmospheric N deposition is indispensable for assessing and addressing N deposition-induced environmental issues. In the present review, we firstly summarized the current methods applied to quantify N deposition (wet, dry, and total N deposition), their advantages and major limitations. Secondly, we illustrated the long-term N deposition monitoring networks worldwide and the results attained via such long-term monitoring. Results show that China faces heavier N deposition than the United States, European countries, and other countries in East Asia. Next, we proposed a framework for estimating the atmospheric wet and dry N deposition using a combined method of surface monitoring, modeling, and satellite remote sensing. Finally, we put forth the critical research challenges and future directions of the atmospheric N deposition. CAPSULE: A review of quantification methods and the global data on nitrogen deposition and a systematic framework was proposed for quantifying nitrogen deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yanan Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mengru Wang
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fanlei Meng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuanhong Zhao
- College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, Hebei, China
| | - Qichao Zhu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Valiela I, Liu D, Lloret J, Chenoweth K, Hanacek D. Stable isotopic evidence of nitrogen sources and C4 metabolism driving the world's largest macroalgal green tides in the Yellow Sea. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17437. [PMID: 30487594 PMCID: PMC6261935 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35309-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During recent years, rapid seasonal growth of macroalgae covered extensive areas within the Yellow Sea, developing the world's most spatially extensive "green tide". The remarkably fast accumulation of macroalgal biomass is the joint result of high nitrogen supplies in Yellow Sea waters, plus ability of the macroalgae to optionally use C4 photosynthetic pathways that facilitate rapid growth. Stable isotopic evidence shows that the high nitrogen supply is derived from anthropogenic sources, conveyed from watersheds via river discharges, and by direct atmospheric deposition. Wastewater and manures supply about half the nitrogen used by the macroalgae, fertiliser and atmospheric deposition each furnish about a quarter of the nitrogen in macroalgae. The massive green tides affecting the Yellow Sea are likely to increase, with significant current and future environmental and human consequences. Addressing these changing trajectories will demand concerted investment in new basic and applied research as the basis for developing management policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Valiela
- The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 02543, USA
| | - Dongyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Javier Lloret
- The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 02543, USA
| | - Kelsey Chenoweth
- The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 02543, USA.
| | - Daniella Hanacek
- The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 02543, USA
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Lin J, Peng X, Hua X, Sun S, Wang Y, Yan X. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on Leymus chinensis seedlings under salt–alkali stress and nitrogen deposition conditions: from osmotic adjustment and ion balance. RSC Adv 2018; 8:14500-14509. [PMID: 35540780 PMCID: PMC9079982 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00721g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen deposition and soil salinization–alkalization have become major environmental problems throughout the world. Leymus chinensis is the dominant, and considered the most valuable, species for grassland restoration in the Northeast of China. However, little information exists concerning the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the adaptation of seedlings to the interactive effects of nitrogen and salt–alkali stress, especially from the perspective of osmotic adjustment and ion balance. Experiments were conducted in a greenhouse and Leymus chinensis seedlings were cultivated with NaCl/NaHCO3 under two nitrogen treatments (different concentrations of NH4+/NO3−). Root colonization, seedling growth, ion content, and solute accumulation were measured. The results showed that the colonization rate and the dry weights of the seedlings were both decreased with the increasing salt–alkali concentration, and were much lower under alkali stress. Both of the nitrogen treatments decreased the colonization rate and dry weights compared with those of the AM seedlings, especially under the N2 (more NH4+–N content) treatment. The Na+ content increased but the K+ content decreased under salt–alkali stress, and more markedly under alkali stress. AMF colonization decreased the Na+ content and increased the K+ content to some extent. In addition, the nitrogen treatments had a negative effect on the two ions in the AM seedlings. Under salt stress, the seedlings accumulated abundant Cl− to maintain osmotic and ionic balance, but alkali stress inhibited the absorption of anions and the seedlings accumulated organic acids in order to resist the imbalance of both osmosis and ions, whether under the AM or nitrogen treatments. In addition, proline accumulation is thought to be a typical adaptive feature in both AM and non-AM plants under nitrogen and salt–alkali stress. Our results suggest that the salt–alkali tolerance of Leymus chinensis seedlings is enhanced by association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and the seedlings can adapt to the nitrogen and salt–alkali conditions by adjusting their osmotic adjustment and ion balance. Excessive nitrogen partly decreased the salt–alkali tolerance of the Leymus chinensis seedlings. We evaluated the contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to the growth, ion content, and solute accumulation of Leymus chinensis seedlings under salt–alkali stress and nitrogen deposition.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixiang Lin
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center
- Northeast Forestry University
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field
- Ministry of Education
- Harbin
| | - Xiaoyuan Peng
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center
- Northeast Forestry University
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field
- Ministry of Education
- Harbin
| | - Xiaoyu Hua
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center
- Northeast Forestry University
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field
- Ministry of Education
- Harbin
| | - Shengnan Sun
- Colleges of Animal Science and Technology
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225009
- China
| | - Yingnan Wang
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center
- Northeast Forestry University
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field
- Ministry of Education
- Harbin
| | - Xiufeng Yan
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center
- Northeast Forestry University
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field
- Ministry of Education
- Harbin
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10
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Lin J, Wang Y, Sun S, Mu C, Yan X. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth, photosynthesis and photosynthetic pigments of Leymus chinensis seedlings under salt-alkali stress and nitrogen deposition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 576:234-241. [PMID: 27788438 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Leymus chinensis is the most promising grass species for salt-alkaline grassland restoration in northern China. However, little information exists concerning the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis in the adaptation of seedlings to salt-alkali stress, particularly under increased nitrogen deposition, which has become a major environmental problem throughout the world. In this study, Leymus chinensis seedlings were cultivated in soil with 0, 100 and 200mM NaCl/NaHCO3 under two forms of nitrogen (10mM NH4NO3 or NH4Cl: NH4NO3=3:1), and the root colonization, growth and photosynthetic characteristics of the seedlings were measured. The results showed that the colonization rate and intensity decreased with increasing salt-alkali stress and were much lower under alkali stress. The nitrogen treatments also decreased the colonization, particularly under the NH4+-N treatment. Compared with the non-mycorrhizal controls, mycorrhizal seedlings generally presented higher plant biomass, photosynthetic parameters and contents of photosynthetic pigments under stresses, and the inhibitive effects of alkali stress were substantially stronger. In addition, both nitrogen forms decreased the physiological indexes compared with those of the AM seedlings. Our results suggest that salt stress and alkali stress are significantly different and that the salt-alkali tolerance of Leymus chinensis seedlings could be enhanced by associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, in which would yield better plant growth and photosynthesis. Excessive nitrogen in the soil affects mycorrhizal colonization and thereby inhibits the growth and photosynthetic ability of the seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixiang Lin
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yingnan Wang
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shengnan Sun
- Colleges of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chunsheng Mu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xiufeng Yan
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China.
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11
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Li C, Yan F, Kang S, Chen P, Qu B, Hu Z, Sillanpää M. Concentration, sources, and flux of dissolved organic carbon of precipitation at Lhasa city, the Tibetan Plateau. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:12915-12921. [PMID: 26988365 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6455-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) plays an important role in the climate system, but few data are available on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). In this study, 89 precipitation samples were collected at Lhasa, the largest city of southern Tibet, from March to December 2013. The average concentration and wet deposition flux of DOC was 1.10 mg C L(-1) and 0.63 g C m(-2) year(-1), respectively. Seasonally, low DOC concentration and high flux appeared during the monsoon period, which were in line with heavy precipitation amount, reflecting dilution effect of precipitation for the DOC. Compared to other regions, the values of Lhasa were lower than those of large cities (e.g., Beijing and Seoul) mainly because of less air pollution of Lhasa. The principal component analysis (PCA) of DOC and ions (Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Na(+), K(+), NH4 (+), Cl(-), NO3 (-), and SO4 (2-)) showed that DOC of Lhasa was derived mainly from the natural sources, followed by anthropogenic burning activities. Furthermore, △(14)C value of DOC indicated that fossil fuel combustion contributed around 28 % of the rainwater DOC of Lhasa, indicating that the atmosphere of Lhasa has been influenced by emission from fossil fuel combustion or high-temperature industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoliu Li
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Fangping Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Shichang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Pengfei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Bin Qu
- Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, FIN-50130, Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Zhaofu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, FIN-50130, Mikkeli, Finland
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12
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Zhu J, He N, Wang Q, Yuan G, Wen D, Yu G, Jia Y. The composition, spatial patterns, and influencing factors of atmospheric wet nitrogen deposition in Chinese terrestrial ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 511:777-85. [PMID: 25617702 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition is an important component of the global N cycle, and is a key source of biologically available N. Understanding the spatio-temporal patterns and influencing factors of N deposition is essential to evaluate its ecological effects on terrestrial ecosystems, and to provide a scientific basis for global change research. In this study, we monitored the monthly atmospheric N deposition in rainfall at 41 stations from the Chinese Ecosystem Research Network through measuring total N (TN), total dissolved N (TDN), ammonium (NH4+-N), and nitrate (NO3--N). The results showed that the atmospheric wet deposition of TDN, NH4+-N, and NO3--N were 13.69, 7.25, and 5.93 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1), respectively. The deposition of TN and total particulate N (TPN) was 18.02 and 4.33 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) respectively, in 2013. TPN accounted for 24% of TN, while NH4+-N and NO3--N made up 40% and 33%, respectively, confirming the assumption that atmospheric wet N deposition would be underestimated without particulate N in rainfall. The N deposition was higher in Central and Southern China, and lower in North-west, North-east, Inner Mongolia, and Qinghai-Tibet regions. Precipitation, N fertilizer use, and energy consumption were significantly correlated with wet N deposition (all p<0.01). Models that included precipitation and N fertilizer can explain 80-91% of the variability in wet N deposition. Our findings reveal, for the first time, the composition of the wet N deposition in China at different scales and highlight the importance of TPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nianpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Qiufeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Guofu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ding Wen
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guirui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yanlong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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13
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Cui J, Zhou J, Peng Y, He YQ, Yang H, Xu LJ, Chan A. Long-term atmospheric wet deposition of dissolved organic nitrogen in a typical red-soil agro-ecosystem, Southeastern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2014; 16:1050-1058. [PMID: 24643306 DOI: 10.1039/c3em00613a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) from atmospheric deposition has been a growing concern in the world and atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition is increasing quickly in China especially Southeastern China. In our study, DON wet deposition was estimated by collecting and analyzing rainwater samples continuously over eight years (2005-2012) in a typical red-soil farmland ecosystem, Southeast China. Results showed that the volume-weighted-average DON concentration varied from 0.2 to 3.3 mg N L(-1) with an average of 1.2 mg N L(-1). DON flux ranged from 5.7 to 71.6 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) and averaged 19.7 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) which accounted for 34.6% of the total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) in wet deposition during the eight-year period. Analysis of DON concentration and flux, contribution of DON to TDN, rainfall, rain frequency, air temperature and wind frequency and the application of pig manure revealed possible pollution sources. Significant positive linear relation of annual DON flux and usage of pig manure (P<0.0001) suggested that agricultural activities, especially application of pig manure, were the main source of DON in the study area. In conclusion, DON wet deposition was an important part of TDN and would have a possible effect on N cycle in the red-soil agro-ecosystem in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cui
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71st East Beijing Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China. zhoujing@.issas.ac.cn
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