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Cao T, Hao T, Xiao D, Zhang WF, Ji P, Jia YH, Wang J, Wang XJ, Guan H, Tao K. [Effect and mechanism of human adipose-derived stem cell exosomes on diabetic peripheral neuropathy]. Zhonghua Shao Shang Yu Chuang Mian Xiu Fu Za Zhi 2024; 40:240-248. [PMID: 38548394 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20231207-00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the changes of artemin protein expression in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and to explore the regulatory effect of human adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) exosomes on the change of artemin protein expression. Methods: This research was a prospective observational clinical research combined with experimental research. Thirteen DPN patients (9 males and 4 females, aged 32 to 68 years) who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University (hereinafter referred to as our hospital) from May 2022 to October 2023 and met the inclusion criteria were selected as DPN group, and 5 non-diabetes patients (4 males and 1 female, aged 29 to 61 years) who were admitted to our hospital in the same period of time and met the inclusion criteria were selected as control group. The toe nerve or sural nerve tissue in the abandoned tissue after debridement or amputation of patients in the two groups was collected. The pathological changes of nerve tissue were observed after hematoxylin-eosin staining; the protein expressions of S100β and artemin in nerve tissue were observed after immunofluorescence staining, and the artemin protein expression was quantified; the protein and mRNA expressions of artemin were detected by Western blotting and real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, respectively (the sample number in DPN group and control group was 13 and 5, respectively). Twelve male C57BL/6 mice aged 3 to 5 days were collected to isolate Schwann cells, and the cells were divided into conventional culture group cultured routinely, high glucose alone group (cultured with high concentration of glucose solution only), and high glucose+exosome group (cultured with high concentration of glucose solution and extracted human ADSC exosomes). After 24 hours of culture, the cell proliferation activity was detected by cell counting kit 8 (n=6). After 48 hours of culture, the protein expression of artemin was detected by Western blotting (n=3). Results: Compared with those in control group, the neural supporting cells decreased and the inflammatory cells increased in the nerve tissue of patients in DPN group, showing typical manifestations of nerve injury. Immunofluorescence staining showed that compared with those in control group, the nuclei was more, and the protein expression of S100β was lower in nerve tissue of patients in DPN group. The protein expression of artemin in nerve tissue of patients in DPN group was 71±31, which was significantly lower than 1 729±62 in control group (t=76.92, P<0.05). Western blotting detection showed that the protein expression of artemin in nerve tissue of patients in DPN group was 0.74±0.08, which was significantly lower than 0.97±0.06 in control group (t=5.49, P<0.05). The artemin mRNA expression in nerve tissue of patients in DPN group was significantly lower than that in control group (t=7.65, P<0.05). After 24 hours of culture, compared with that in conventional culture group, the proliferation activities of Schwann cells in high glucose alone group and high glucose+exosome group were significantly decreased (P<0.05); compared with that in high glucose alone group, the proliferation activity of Schwann cells in high glucose+exosome group was significantly increased (P<0.05). After 48 hours of culture, compared with those in conventional culture group, the protein expressions of artemin of Schwann cells in high glucose alone group and high glucose+exosome group were significantly decreased (P<0.05); compared with that in high glucose alone group, the protein expression of artemin of Schwann cells in high glucose+exosome group was significantly increased (P<0.05). Conclusions: The protein expression of artemin in nerve tissue of DPN patients is lower than that in normal nerve tissue, which may be related to the reduction of proliferation activity of Schwann cells by high glucose. Human ADSC exosomes may improve the proliferation activity of Schwann cells by increasing artemin protein expression, thereby delaying the progression of DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Cao
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Burn Center of PLA, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - T Hao
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Burn Center of PLA, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - D Xiao
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Burn Center of PLA, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - W F Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - P Ji
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Burn Center of PLA, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Y H Jia
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Burn Center of PLA, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Emergency, PLA 63600 Army Hospital, Jiuquan 712750, China
| | - X J Wang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Burn Center of PLA, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - H Guan
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Burn Center of PLA, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - K Tao
- Department of Wound Repair, Center for Wound Repair and Regenerative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China
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Chen Y, Wang Q, Zhu J, Yang M, Hao T, Zhang Q, Xi Y, Yu G. Multi-elemental stoichiometric ratios of atmospheric wet deposition in Chinese terrestrial ecosystems. Environ Res 2024; 245:117987. [PMID: 38141918 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Intense human activities have significantly altered the concentrations of atmospheric components that enter ecosystems through wet and dry deposition, thereby affecting elemental cycles. However, atmospheric wet deposition multi-elemental stoichiometric ratios are poorly understood, hindering systematic exploration of atmospheric deposition effects on ecosystems. Monthly precipitation concentrations of six elements-nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg)-were measured from 2013 to 2021 by the China Wet Deposition Observation Network (ChinaWD). The multi-elemental stoichiometric ratio of atmospheric wet deposition in Chinese terrestrial ecosystems was N: K: Ca: Mg: S: P = 31: 11: 67: 5.5: 28: 1, and there were differences between vegetation zones. Wet deposition N: S and N: Ca ratios exhibited initially increasing then decreasing inter-annual trends, whereas N: P ratios did not exhibit significant trends, with strong interannual variability. Wet deposition of multi-elements was significantly spatially negatively correlated with soil nutrient elements content (except for N), which indicates that wet deposition could facilitate soil nutrient replenishment, especially for nutrient-poor areas. Wet N deposition and N: P ratios were spatially negatively correlated with ecosystem and soil P densities. Meanwhile, wet deposition N: P ratios were all higher than those of ecosystem components (vegetation, soil, litter, and microorganisms) in different vegetation zones. High input of N deposition may reinforce P limitations in part of the ecosystem. The findings of this study establish a foundation for designing multi-elemental control experiments and exploring the ecological effects of atmospheric deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanran Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Qiufeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jianxing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Meng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Tianxiang Hao
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qiongyu Zhang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yue Xi
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Guirui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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Hao T, Cao T, Ji P, Zhang WF, Tao K. [Research advances on the role of Schwann cells in diabetic peripheral neuropathy]. Zhonghua Shao Shang Yu Chuang Mian Xiu Fu Za Zhi 2023; 39:1190-1194. [PMID: 38129308 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20230727-00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the common chronic complications of diabetes, resulting in neuropathy of spinal nerve, cranial nerve, and vegetative nerve. Diabetic distal symmetric multiple neuropathy is the most representative lesion of DPN, including symptoms of bilateral limbs pain, numbness, and paresthesia, etc. DPN is one of the main reasons causing diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). Schwann cells (SCs) are the primary glia cells of the peripheral nervous system, which play very important role in repairing after nerve injury. As the target cells of chronic hyperglycemia, SCs' functions, including the formation of myelin sheath, the secretion of neurotrophic factors, energy supplying for the axon, and the guidance of axon regeneration, etc., are damaged under the action of high glucose. The destroyed functions of SCs can inhibit the repair of damaged nerves and accelerate the progress of DPN. Therefore, if the damage of high glucose to SCs can be effectively reduced, it will provide a new way for the treatment of DPN and DFU and reduce the morbidity of DFU. This review focuses on the function of SCs and its relationship with DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hao
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Burn Center of PLA, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - T Cao
- The Second Department of Surgery, 63600 PLA Hospital, Jiuquan 735000, China
| | - P Ji
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Burn Center of PLA, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - W F Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - K Tao
- Department of Wound Repair, Center for Wound Repair and Regenerative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China
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Xi Y, Wang Q, Zhu J, Yang M, Hao T, Chen Y, Zhang Q, He N, Yu G. Atmospheric wet organic nitrogen deposition in China: Insights from the national observation network. Sci Total Environ 2023; 898:165629. [PMID: 37467980 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Organic nitrogen (N) is an important component of atmospheric reactive N deposition, and its bioavailability is almost as important as that of inorganic N. Currently, there are limited reports of national observations of organic N deposition; most stations are concentrated in rural and urban areas, with even fewer long-term observations of natural ecosystems in remote areas. Based on the China Wet Deposition Observation Network, this study regularly collected monthly wet deposition samples from 43 typical ecosystems from 2013 to 2021 and measured related N concentrations. The aim was to provide a more comprehensive assessment of the multi-component characteristics of atmospheric wet N deposition and reveal the influencing factors and potential sources of wet dissolved organic N (DON) deposition. The results showed that atmospheric wet deposition fluxes of NO3-, NH4+, DON and dissolved total N (DTN) were 4.68, 5.25, 4.32, and 13.05 kg N ha-1 yr-1, respectively, and that DON accounted for 30 % of DTN deposition (potentially up to 50 % in remote areas). Wet DON deposition was related to anthropogenic emissions (agriculture, biomass burning, and traffic), natural emissions (volatile organic compound emissions from vegetation), and precipitation processes. The wet DON deposition flux was higher in South, Central, and Southwest China, with more precipitation and intensive agricultural activities or more vegetation cover, and lower in Northwest China and Inner Mongolia, with less precipitation and human activities or vegetation cover. DON was the main contributor to DTN deposition in remote areas and was possibly related to natural emissions. In rural and urban areas, DON may have been more influenced by agricultural activities and anthropogenic emissions. This study quantified the long-term spatiotemporal patterns of wet N deposition and provides a reference for future N addition experiments and N cycle studies. Further consideration of DON deposition is required, especially in the context of anthropogenic control of NO2 and NH3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xi
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiufeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Meng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianxiang Hao
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanran Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiongyu Zhang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Nianpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Guirui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Ji P, Cao T, Zhang Z, Zheng Z, Liang M, Tian CY, Hao T, Chen LL, Hu DH, Han JT, Tao K. [Effects of the anterolateral thigh chimeric perforator flaps in repairing complex wounds of foot and ankle]. Zhonghua Shao Shang Yu Chuang Mian Xiu Fu Za Zhi 2023; 39:926-932. [PMID: 37899557 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20230627-00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effects of anterolateral thigh chimeric perforator flap in repairing complex wounds of foot and ankle. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted. From May 2018 to June 2022, 23 patients who met the inclusion criteria were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University to repair complex wounds of foot and ankle with anterolateral thigh chimeric perforator flaps, including 15 males and 8 females, aged from 20 to 66 years. The wounds were all accompanied by bone exposure and defects, and were complicated with varying degrees of infection. All patients underwent debridement and continuous vacuum sealing drainage treatment for 1 week in stage Ⅰ, with the skin and soft tissue defect area after debridement being 10 cm×5 cm to 22 cm×7 cm. In stage Ⅱ, the anterolateral thigh chimeric perforator flap was used to cover the defective wound, of which the muscle flap was used to fill the deep invalid cavity of the ankle joint or cover bone and internal fixation exposures, and the skin flap was used to cover the superficial wound, with the area of the skin flap ranging from 11 cm×6 cm to 23 cm×8 cm, and the area of the muscle flap ranging from 4.0 cm×2.5 cm to 8.0 cm×5.0 cm. The survival of the flap was observed after operation. During follow-up, the color, texture, appearance, and complications of the flap were observed, the function of ankle joint and its range of dorsiflexion motion and plantar flexion motion were measured, and the scar hyperplasia and muscular hernia in donor area were observed. Results: Ecchymosis and epidermal necrosis occurred at the tip of the flap in 1 patient on 5 days after operation and healed after dressing change for 1 week; the other flaps of patients survived successfully. After 6 to 40 months of follow-up, the color, texture, and shape of flaps were good, but 1 patient was not satisfied with the shape of the flap because of flap swelling; the ankle joint movement was basically normal, the dorsiflexion motion was 15-30°, and the plantar flexion motion was 20-45°; the scar hyperplasia in the donor area of the flap was not obvious, and no muscular hernia occurred. Conclusions: The anterolateral thigh chimeric perforator flap can effectively fill the deep invalid cavity of ankle joint and cover the superficial wound at the same time, with minimal damage to the donor site. So it is an ideal flap for repairing the complex wounds of foot and ankle.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ji
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Burn Center of PLA, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - T Cao
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Burn Center of PLA, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Burn Center of PLA, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Z Zheng
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Burn Center of PLA, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - M Liang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Burn Center of PLA, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - C Y Tian
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Burn Center of PLA, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - T Hao
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Burn Center of PLA, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - L L Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Xingping People's Hospital, Xingping 713100, China
| | - D H Hu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Burn Center of PLA, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - J T Han
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Burn Center of PLA, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - K Tao
- Department of Wound Repair, Center for Wound Repair and Regenerative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China
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Hao T, Ding X, Han J, Guo Y, Ding G. Manipulating Identical Filter Redundancy for Efficient Pruning on Deep and Complicated CNN. IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst 2023; PP:1-14. [PMID: 37824319 DOI: 10.1109/tnnls.2023.3298263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The existence of redundancy in convolutional neural networks (CNNs) enables us to remove some filters/channels with acceptable performance drops. However, the training objective of CNNs usually tends to minimize an accuracy-related loss function without any attention paid to the redundancy, making the redundancy distribute randomly on all the filters, such that removing any of them may trigger information loss and accuracy drop, necessitating a fine-tuning step for recovery. In this article, we propose to manipulate the redundancy during training to facilitate network pruning. To this end, we propose a novel centripetal SGD (C-SGD) to make some filters identical, resulting in ideal redundancy patterns, as such filters become purely redundant due to their duplicates, hence removing them does not harm the network. As shown on CIFAR and ImageNet, C-SGD delivers better performance because the redundancy is better organized, compared to the existing methods. The efficiency also characterizes C-SGD because it is as fast as regular SGD, requires no fine-tuning, and can be conducted simultaneously on all the layers even in very deep CNNs. Besides, C-SGD can improve the accuracy of CNNs by first training a model with the same architecture but wider layers and then squeezing it into the original width.
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Li SQ, Zhao YQ, Zhao XL, Wang XG, Li SB, Song LL, Zhou YJ, Zang WT, Hao T, Yao XJ. [A case of prefibrotic primary myelofibrosis in a child with type-Ⅰ CALR gene mutation]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2023; 61:928-930. [PMID: 37803861 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20230616-00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Q Li
- Department of Pediatrics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Y Q Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - X L Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - X G Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - S B Li
- Department of Pediatrics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - L L Song
- Department of Pediatrics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Y J Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - W T Zang
- Department of Pediatrics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - T Hao
- Department of Pediatrics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - X J Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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Cao T, Ji P, Zhang Z, Xiao D, Wang KJ, Li N, Li W, Jin GJ, Hao T, Tao K. [A prospective randomized controlled study of antibiotic bone cement in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer]. Zhonghua Shao Shang Yu Chuang Mian Xiu Fu Za Zhi 2023; 39:311-318. [PMID: 37805732 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20221111-00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the clinical effects and related mechanism of antibiotic bone cement in treating diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). Methods: A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted. From August 2020 to August 2022, 24 patients with DFU who met the inclusion criteria were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University. According to the block randomization, the patients were divided into 2 groups, with 12 patients in each group. In antibiotic bone cement group, there were 7 male and 5 female patients, aged (64±8) years, with the ulcer area of (41±21) cm2. In silver sulfadiazine group, there were 8 male and 4 female patients, aged (62±8) years, with the ulcer area of (38±19) cm2. Under the condition of ensuring the patency of at least one main inferior genicular artery in each patient, the continuous vacuum sealing drainage was performed for 3-5 days after thorough debridement. Thereafter, the wounds in antibiotic bone cement group were treated with gentamicin-laden bone cement, and the wounds in silver sulfadiazine group were treated with silver sulfadiazine cream for dressing change. After 3 weeks of dressing change, the wound was covered with split-thickness skin graft from the lateral thigh on the affected side. Before debridement and after 3 weeks of dressing change, the blood flow intensities of wound tissue and normal skin tissue in foot were measured using laser Doppler flowmeter, and then, the percentage of relative blood flow intensity of wound and the change rate of blood flow intensity were calculated. After 3 weeks of dressing change, the wound margin tissue was taken, the number of CD31-positive neovascular and the vascular morphology were observed and detected by immunohistochemical staining, the morphology of blood vessels surrounded by CD31 and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) double-positive cells was observed by immunofluorescence staining, the cell proliferation activity was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining (denoted as the ratio of Ki67 positive cells), and the protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) was detected by Western blotting. The skin graft survival was observed 3-5 days after skin grafting, and the wound healing time was recorded. Data were statistically analyzed with independent sample t test and Fisher's exact probability test. Results: The percentages of relative blood flow intensity of wounds of patients before debridement were similar between the two groups (P>0.05). After 3 weeks of dressing change, the percentage of relative blood flow intensity of wounds and the change rate of blood flow intensity of patients in antibiotic bone cement group were (44.7±2.0)% and (129±12)%, respectively, which were significantly higher than (28.3±1.2)% and (41±8)% in silver sulfadiazine group (with t values of 24.15 and 20.97, respectively, P<0.05). After 3 weeks of dressing change, compared with those in silver sulfadiazine group, the number of CD31-positive neovascular in the wound margin tissue of patients in antibiotic bone cement group was significantly increased (t=33.81, P<0.05) with larger diameter and more regular arrangement, the vascular wall continuity surrounded by CD31 and α-SMA double-positive cells was better, and the ratio of Ki67 positive cells and protein expression of VEGFR2 were significantly increased (with t values of 40.97 and 47.38, respectively, P<0.05). On post skin grafting day 3-5, all the patients in antibiotic bone cement group and 8 patients in silver sulfadiazine group had good skin graft survival, while 4 patients in silver sulfadiazine group showed spotted/patchy skin graft necrosis, which were cured after corresponding treatment. The wound healing time of patients in antibiotic bone cement group was (47.1±2.9) d, which was significantly shorter than (58.8±2.3) d in silver sulfadiazine group (t=10.86, P<0.05). Conclusions: Compared with silver sulfadiazine, clinical application of antibiotic bone cement for treating DFU has the characteristics of accelerating wound healing and better reconstruction of local blood flow, which may be closely related to the fact that antibiotic bone cement promoted the local angiogenesis effectively in the wound through enhancing the expression of VEGFR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Cao
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Burn Center of PLA, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - P Ji
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Burn Center of PLA, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Burn Center of PLA, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - D Xiao
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Burn Center of PLA, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - K J Wang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Burn Center of PLA, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - N Li
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Burn Center of PLA, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - W Li
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Burn Center of PLA, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - G J Jin
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Burn Center of PLA, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - T Hao
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Burn Center of PLA, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - K Tao
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Burn Center of PLA, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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Yu G, Hao T, Yang M. [Ecosystem principles and main issues in regional ecological restoration and environmental governance in China]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2023; 34:289-304. [PMID: 36803706 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202302.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Modern ecology is an analytical method and philosophical concept to solve major resource, environmental and ecological issues encountered during global sustainable development. In the long-term development processes, ecology constantly absorbed and integrated knowledge from related disciplines, forms a system of modern ecology and ecosystem science that closely related to climate system, biological system and socio-economic system, and raises ecosystem principles that directly support the practices of regional ecological restoration and environmental governance. The national needs in the new stage have given ecology a new mission. It is urgently needed to summarize and condense the principles of macro-ecosystems and apply them to regional ecological restoration and environmental governance with the aim to promote the high-quality development of society and economy. Against the background of the multiple severe challenges faced by global sustainable development, we comprehensively elaborated the logics and scientific mission of ecosystem science, organized the principle system of ecosystem science related to ecological restoration and environmental governance, and discussed major academic problems in regional ecological restoration and environmental governance of China. Finally, we emphasized that China has several regional macro-ecosystems of global significances. Conducting theoretical and practical research on macro-ecosystem is not only an urgent need for the construction of ecological civilization, but also the forefront of ecosystem science research, which is expected to make new contributions to theory development of ecology, and global ecological and environmental governance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guirui Yu
- Synthesis Research Center of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianxiang Hao
- Synthesis Research Center of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Synthesis Research Center of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Lu P, Hao T, Li X, Wang H, Zhai X, Tian Q, Bai W, Stevens C, Zhang W. Ambient nitrogen deposition drives plant‐diversity decline by nitrogen accumulation in a closed grassland ecosystem. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Tianxiang Hao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Key Laboratory of Plant–Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- College of Resource and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Hong Wang
- Mountain Area Research Institute Agricultural University of Hebei Baoding China
| | - Xiufeng Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- College of Resource and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Qiuying Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Wenming Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Carly Stevens
- Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancaster UK
| | - Wen‐Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- College of Resource and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Inner Mongolia Research Center for Prataculture Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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Zhao B, Xie Z, Liu R, Wang H, Wang M, Zhang L, Gao R, Wu X, Hao T, Fang Q, Liu C, Zhang T, Chen C. Fabrication of an ultrafine-grained W-ZrC-Re alloy with high thermal stability. Fusion Engineering and Design 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2020.112208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Hao T, Ma WX, Chen DW, Wen XR, Huang B, Wu XY, Ran XX. [Acute perirenal hemorrhage after lower limb digital subtraction angiography in one patient with diabetic foot]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2021; 60:150-152. [PMID: 33503728 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20200228-00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Hao
- Diabetic Foot Care Centre, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - W X Ma
- Diabetic Foot Care Centre, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - D W Chen
- Diabetic Foot Care Centre, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - X R Wen
- Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - B Huang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - X Y Wu
- Diabetic Foot Care Centre, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - X X Ran
- Diabetic Foot Care Centre, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Tan Q, Hao T, Gao S, Liu X, Wang G, Yu Q. Soil organic carbon turnover recovers faster than plant diversity in the grassland when high nitrogen addition is ceased: Derived from soil 14C evidences. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Hao T, Zhu Q, Zeng M, Shen J, Shi X, Liu X, Zhang F, de Vries W. Impacts of nitrogen fertilizer type and application rate on soil acidification rate under a wheat-maize double cropping system. J Environ Manage 2020; 270:110888. [PMID: 32721326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) fertilizer-induced soil acidification in Chinese croplands is well-known, but insight in the impacts of different N fertilizer management approaches (fertilizer type and rate) on soil acidification rates is very limited. Here, we conducted a field experiment on a moderate acid soil to quantify soil acidification rates in response to N fertilization by different fertilizer types and N rates through monitoring the fate of elements (mainly nutrients) related to H+ production and consumption. Two N fertilizer types (urea and NH4Cl) and three N rates (control, optimized and conventional, 0/120/240 kg N ha-1 for wheat, 0/160/320 kg N ha-1 for maize) were included. Nitrogen addition led to an average H+ production of 4.0, 8.7, 11.4, 29.7 and 52.6 keq ha-1 yr-1, respectively, for the control, optimized urea, conventional urea, optimized NH4Cl and conventional NH4Cl plots. This was accompanied with a decline in soil base saturation of 1-10% and in soil pH of 0.1-0.7 units in the topsoil (0-20 cm). Removal of base cations by crop harvesting and N transformations contributed ~70% and ~20% to the H+ production in the urea treated plots, being ~20% and ~75% in the NH4Cl treated plots, respectively. The large NH4+ input via fertilization in the NH4Cl treated plots strongly enhanced the H+ production induced by N transformations. The low contribution of N transformations to the H+ production in the urea treated plots was due to the limited NO3- leaching, induced by the high N losses to air caused by denitrification. Increased N addition by urea, however, strongly increased H+ production by enhanced plant uptake of base cations, mainly due to a large potassium uptake in straw. Our results highlight the important role of optimizing fertilizer form and N rate as well as straw return to the field in alleviating soil acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Hao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; School of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qichao Zhu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; School of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mufan Zeng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jianbo Shen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; School of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaojun Shi
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Xuejun Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; School of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; School of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wim de Vries
- Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Alterra-Wageningen UR, Soil Science Centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Zhu Q, Liu X, Hao T, Zeng M, Shen J, Zhang F, de Vries W. Cropland acidification increases risk of yield losses and food insecurity in China. Environ Pollut 2020; 256:113145. [PMID: 31662249 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Distinct cropland acidification has been reported in China due to nitrogen (N) fertilizer overuse. However, the impacts on food production and thereby on food security are largely unknown. Yield losses in the period 1980-2050 were therefore assessed by simulating soil pH changes combined with derived pH-yield relationships for wheat, maize and rice. If the N fertilizer input continues to increase at 1% annually, the predicted average soil pH decline is about one unit and relative yield losses are expected to increase from approximately 4%-24% during 2010-2050. If the N fertilizer increase stops in 2020 (N2020), the expected losses are approximately 16% in 2050, which is comparable to a scenario of 100% crop residue return (100%RR). However, if 30% of the N fertilizer is replaced by manure N (30%MR), the losses reduce to near 5% in 2050. Soil acidification was predicted to reverse and expected losses are only 2.5% in 2050 in a combined scenario of N2020, 100%RR and 30%MR. Our results illustrate the potential food insecurity induced by cropland acidification and address the necessity of mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Zhu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejun Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Tianxiang Hao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Mufan Zeng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbo Shen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China.
| | - Wim de Vries
- Wageningen University and Research, Environmental Systems Analysis Group, PO Box 47, 6700, AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Wageningen Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700, AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Chen S, Hao T, Goulding K, Misselbrook T, Liu X. Impact of 13-years of nitrogen addition on nitrous oxide and methane fluxes and ecosystem respiration in a temperate grassland. Environ Pollut 2019; 252:675-681. [PMID: 31185356 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) fertilizer application and atmospheric N deposition will profoundly affect greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions, especially nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) fluxes and ecosystem respiration (Re, i.e. CO2 emissions). However, the impacts of long-term N inputs and the often associated N-induced soil acidification on GHG fluxes in arid and semi-arid ecosystems, especially temperate grasslands, are still uncertain. An in situ experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of long-term (13-years) N addition on N2O and CH4 fluxes and Re from a temperate grassland in Inner Mongolia, northeast China, from April 2017 to October 2018. Soil pH values in the 0-5 cm layer receiving 120 (N120) and 240 (N240) kg N ha-1 decreased from 7.12 to 4.37 and 4.18, respectively, after 13 years of N inputs. Soil CH4 uptake was significantly reduced, but N2O emission was enhanced significantly by N addition. However, N addition had no impact on Re. Structural Equation Modeling indicated that soil NH4+-N content was the dominant control of N2O emissions, but with less effect of the decreasing pH. In contrast, CH4 uptake was generally controlled by soil pH and NO3--N content, and Re by forb biomass. The measured changes in N2O and CH4 fluxes and Re from temperate grassland will have a profoundly impact on climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tianxiang Hao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Keith Goulding
- Sustainable Agricultural Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | | | - Xuejun Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Wang R, Xie Z, Liu R, Gao R, Yang J, Fang Q, Zhang T, Song J, Wang X, Hao T, Wu X, Liu C. Effects of ZrC content on the mechanical properties and microstructures of hot-rolled W–ZrC composites. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2019.100705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Hao T, Li CX, Ding XY, Xing XJ. MicroRNA-363-3p/p21(Cip1/Waf1) axis is regulated by HIF-2α in mediating stemness of melanoma cells. Neoplasma 2019; 66:427-436. [PMID: 30784290 DOI: 10.4149/neo_2018_180828n655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a malignant tumor. The acquisition of stemness of melanoma cells aggravates the malignant transformation, which can be regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs, miR). MiR-363-3p is a key tumor-related miRNA, but its role in stemness and melanoma cells is still unknown. Presently, miR-363-3p, induced by hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-2α, played a positive role in the stemness of melanoma cells. The levels of miR-363-3p and HIF-2α were upregulated in melanoma cell lines. Overexpression of HIF-2α significantly increased the levels of miR-363-3p. However, both HIF-2α knockdown and miR-363-3p inhibition inhibited the levels of the stemness markers (CD133, CD271, Jarid1B, and Nanog). Furthermore, the levels of miR-363-3p and HIF-2α were upregulated in fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS)-sorted CD271high/+ cells. Whereas miR-363-3p depletion reduced the proportion and the spheroidization of the CD271high/+ cells, decreased the levels of CD133, CD271, Jarid1B and Nanog with restrained proliferative activity of CD271high/+ cells. Additionally, miR-363-3p was confirmed a key downstream of HIF-2α. Intriguingly, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A [CDKN1A, p21(Cip1/Waf1)], a key inhibitor of S-phase DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression, was confirmed a target gene of miR-363-3p by luciferase reporter gene assay. The protein levels of CD133, CD271, Jarid1B and Nanog were upregulated with enhanced proliferative activity of CD271high/+ cells by inhibition of p21 in melanoma cells. In conclusion, miR-363-3p is induced by HIF-2α to promote the stemness of melanoma cells via inhibiting p21. The present study provides novel insights that HIF-2α/miR-363-3p/p21 signaling may be a potential target of research and therapy of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hao
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - C X Li
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - X Y Ding
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - X J Xing
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Liu R, Xie Z, Yang J, Zhang T, Hao T, Wang X, Fang Q, Liu C. Recent progress on the R&D of W-ZrC alloys for plasma facing components in fusion devices. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Tan Q, Wang G, Liu X, Hao T, Tan W. Responses of soil organic carbon turnover to nitrogen deposition are associated with nitrogen input rates: Derived from soil 14C evidences. Environ Pollut 2018; 238:500-507. [PMID: 29604563 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Elevated atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has exerted profound influences on ecosystems. Understanding the effects of N deposition on the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) is important in the studies of global carbon cycle. Although many studies have examined the effects of N deposition on SOC turnover using N addition experiments, the effects were reported to be different across studies. Thus, we lack a predictive understanding of how SOC turnover respond to atmospheric N deposition. The inconsistent results could be associated with ecosystem types and N addition rates. This study mainly wants to confirm the argument that the response of SOC turnover to N deposition is related with N input rates. We conducted a field experiment with multiple N addition levels (0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 g N m-2·yr-1) in Inner Mongolia Grassland, China. To better reveal the responses of SOC turnover to N enrichment, this study measured the soil 14C contents, because it can indicate SOC turnover directly. Compared with the control treatment (0 g N m-2·yr-1), N addition inhibits SOC turnover at the addition rate of 3 g N m-2·yr-1, whereas SOC turnover is not affected when N addition rate was 6, 12, and 24 g N m-2·yr-1. Our results suggest that N input rates affect the responses of SOC turnover to N enrichment. Thus, this study can confirm the argument mentioned above. Based on this study, it should be considered in the climate prediction model that varied atmospheric N deposition levels across regions may have different impacts on local SOC turnover. In addition, we also carried out a soil incubation to compare between the results obtained in incubation and that in 14C measurements. Two results are found to be inconsistent with each other. This indicates that soil respiration from incubation experiments could not comprehensively assess the effects of N deposition on SOC turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Tan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention-control and Remediation, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guoan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention-control and Remediation, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Xuejun Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention-control and Remediation, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tianxiang Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention-control and Remediation, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenbing Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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Zhu Q, de Vries W, Liu X, Hao T, Zeng M, Shen J, Zhang F. Enhanced acidification in Chinese croplands as derived from element budgets in the period 1980-2010. Sci Total Environ 2018; 618:1497-1505. [PMID: 29089131 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Significant soil pH decrease has been reported in Chinese croplands in response to enhanced chemical fertilizer application and crop yields. However, the temporal and spatial variation of soil acidification rates across Chinese croplands is still unclear. We therefore assessed trends in soil acidification rates across provincial China for the period 1980-2010 by calculating inputs-outputs of major cations and anions in cropland systems. Nitrogen (N) induced proton production increased from 4.7keqH+/ha/yr in 1980 to a peak of 11.0keqH+/ha/yr in 1996 and remained nearly constant after 2000 at a rate of approximately 8.6keqH+/ha/yr. The proton production induced by crop removal increased from 1.2 to 2.3keqH+/ha/yr. The total proton production thus increased from 5.9 to 10.9keqH+/ha/yr in the 30years. As a result, the actual acidification rate, reflected by (base) cation losses, accelerated from 2.3 to 6.2keqH+/ha/yr and the potential acidification rate, reflected by phosphorus accumulation accelerated from 0.2 to 1.3keqH+/ha/yr. The national averaged total acidification rates were thus estimated to increase from 2.6 to 7.6keqH+/ha/yr in the past 30years. The highest soil acidification rate occurred in the Jiangsu Province with a rate of 17.9keqH+/ha/yr, which was due to both high N application rates and high base cation removals by crops and crop residues. The combination of elevated N inputs and decreased N use efficiency (NUE) in response to those N inputs, thus enhancing the nitrate discharge, were the main reasons for the accelerated acidification in Chinese croplands. Considering the expected growth of food demand in the future, and the linkage between grain production and fertilizer N consumption, a further acceleration of soil acidification can thus be expected, unless the N inputs is reduced and/or the NUE is increased substantially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Zhu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Key Lab of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wim de Vries
- Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Alterra-Wageningen UR, Soil Science Centre, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xuejun Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Key Lab of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Tianxiang Hao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Key Lab of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mufan Zeng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Key Lab of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianbo Shen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Key Lab of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Key Lab of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Hossain MZ, Hao T, Silverman B. Stillinger-Weber potential for elastic and fracture properties in graphene and carbon nanotubes. J Phys Condens Matter 2018; 30:055901. [PMID: 29271354 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aaa3cc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a new framework for determining the Stillinger-Weber (SW) potential parameters for modeling fracture in graphene and carbon nanotubes. In addition to fitting the equilibrium material properties, the approach allows fitting the potential to the forcing behavior as well as the mechanical strength of the solid, without requiring ad hoc modification of the nearest-neighbor interactions for avoiding artificial stiffening of the lattice at larger deformation. Consistent with the first-principles results, the potential shows the Young's modulus of graphene to be isotropic under symmetry-preserving and symmetry-breaking deformation conditions. It also shows the Young's modulus of carbon nanotubes to be diameter-dependent under symmetry-breaking loading conditions. The potential addresses the key deficiency of existing empirical potentials in reproducing experimentally observed glass-like brittle fracture in graphene and carbon nanotubes. In simulating the entire deformation process leading to fracture, the SW-potential costs several factors less computational time compared to the state-of-the-art interatomic potentials that enables exploration of the fracture processes in large atomistic systems which are inaccessible otherwise.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Z Hossain
- Laboratory of Mechanics and Physics of Heterogeneous Materials, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States of America
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Zhu Q, Liu X, Hao T, Zeng M, Shen J, Zhang F, De Vries W. Modeling soil acidification in typical Chinese cropping systems. Sci Total Environ 2018; 613-614:1339-1348. [PMID: 28968946 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We applied the adapted model VSD+ to assess cropland acidification in four typical Chinese cropping systems (single Maize (M), Wheat-Maize (W-M), Wheat-Rice (W-R) and Rice-Rice (R-R)) on dominant soils in view of its potential threat to grain production. By considering the current situation and possible improvements in field (nutrient) management, five scenarios were designed: i) Business as usual (BAU); ii) No nitrogen (N) fertilizer increase after 2020 (N2020); iii) 100% crop residues return to cropland (100%RR); iv) manure N was applied to replace 30% of chemical N fertilizer (30%MR) and v) Integrated N2020 and 30%MR with 100%RR after 2020 (INMR). Results illustrated that in the investigated calcareous soils, the calcium carbonate buffering system can keep pH at a high level for >150years. In non-calcareous soils, a moderate to strong decline in both base saturation and pH is predicted for the coming decades in the BAU scenario. We predicted that approximately 13% of the considered croplands may suffer from Al toxicity in 2050 following the BAU scenario. The N2020, 100%RR and 30%MR scenarios reduce the acidification rates by 16%, 47% and 99%, respectively, compared to BAU. INMR is the most effective strategy on reducing acidification and leads to no Al toxicity in croplands in 2050. Both improved manure and field management are required to manage acidification in wheat-maize cropping system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Zhu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Key Lab of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuejun Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Key Lab of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tianxiang Hao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Key Lab of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mufan Zeng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Key Lab of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianbo Shen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Key Lab of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Key Lab of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Wim De Vries
- Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Alterra-Wageningen UR, Soil Science Centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Hao T, Song L, Goulding K, Zhang F, Liu X. Cumulative and partially recoverable impacts of nitrogen addition on a temperate steppe. Ecol Appl 2018; 28:237-248. [PMID: 29113017 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has been shown to decrease biodiversity and change nutrient cycles in terrestrial ecosystems. However, our understanding of ecological responses to chronic N addition and ecological recovery of grassland from N enrichment is limited. Here we present evidence from an 11-year grassland experiment with a range of N addition rates (0, 30, 60, 120, 240, and 480 kg N·ha-1 ·yr-1 ) in Inner Mongolia, China. Chronic N addition led to a reduction in species richness, Shannon diversity index, and soil pH and an increase in aboveground biomass, foliar N, and soil mineral N. High N addition rates (240 and 480 kg N·ha-1 ·yr-1 ) showed significant effects in the first and second years, which stabilized over time. Nitrogen addition at low rates (30 and 60 kg N·ha-1 ·yr-1 ) took longer (e.g., three years or more) to achieve significant effects. The negative impacts of high N addition (480 kg N·ha-1 ·yr-1 ) were reduced and species richness, Shannon diversity index, and soil pH showed a limited but rapid recovery with the cessation of N addition. Our findings suggest serious and cumulative impacts of N addition on plant and soil communities but the potential for partial system recovery over time if N inputs decline or cease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Hao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE and Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Prevention and Remediation, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ling Song
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Keith Goulding
- Sustainable Agricultural Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE and Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Prevention and Remediation, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuejun Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE and Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Prevention and Remediation, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Zeng M, de Vries W, Bonten LTC, Zhu Q, Hao T, Liu X, Xu M, Shi X, Zhang F, Shen J. Model-Based Analysis of the Long-Term Effects of Fertilization Management on Cropland Soil Acidification. Environ Sci Technol 2017; 51:3843-3851. [PMID: 28264162 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural soil acidification in China is known to be caused by the over-application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers, but the long-term impacts of different fertilization practices on intensive cropland soil acidification are largely unknown. Here, we further developed the soil acidification model VSD+ for intensive agricultural systems and validated it against observed data from three long-term fertilization experiments in China. The model simulated well the changes in soil pH and base saturation over the last 20 years. The validated model was adopted to quantify the contribution of N and base cation (BC) fluxes to soil acidification. The net NO3- leaching and NO4+input accounted for 80% of the proton production under N application, whereas one-third of acid was produced by BC uptake when N was not applied. The simulated long-term (1990-2050) effects of different fertilizations on soil acidification showed that balanced N application combined with manure application avoids reduction of both soil pH and base saturation, while application of calcium nitrate and liming increases these two soil properties. Reducing NH4+ input and NO3- leaching by optimizing N management and increasing BC inputs by manure application thus already seem to be effective approaches to mitigating soil acidification in intensive cropland systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mufan Zeng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Key Lab of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wim de Vries
- Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University , P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Alterra-Wageningen UR , Soil Science Centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luc T C Bonten
- Alterra-Wageningen UR , Soil Science Centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Qichao Zhu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Key Lab of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193, China
- Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University , P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tianxiang Hao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Key Lab of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuejun Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Key Lab of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193, China
| | - Minggang Xu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Nutrient Cycling, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaojun Shi
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University , Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Key Lab of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianbo Shen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Key Lab of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193, China
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop an adaptive approach to mine frequent semantic tags (FSTs) from heterogeneous clinical research texts. METHODS We develop a "plug-n-play" framework that integrates replaceable unsupervised kernel algorithms with formatting, functional, and utility wrappers for FST mining. Temporal information identification and semantic equivalence detection were two example functional wrappers. We first compared this approach's recall and efficiency for mining FSTs from ClinicalTrials.gov to that of a recently published tag-mining algorithm. Then we assessed this approach's adaptability to two other types of clinical research texts: clinical data requests and clinical trial protocols, by comparing the prevalence trends of FSTs across three texts. RESULTS Our approach increased the average recall and speed by 12.8% and 47.02% respectively upon the baseline when mining FSTs from ClinicalTrials.gov, and maintained an overlap in relevant FSTs with the base- line ranging between 76.9% and 100% for varying FST frequency thresholds. The FSTs saturated when the data size reached 200 documents. Consistent trends in the prevalence of FST were observed across the three texts as the data size or frequency threshold changed. CONCLUSIONS This paper contributes an adaptive tag-mining framework that is scalable and adaptable without sacrificing its recall. This component-based architectural design can be potentially generalizable to improve the adaptability of other clinical text mining methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C Weng
- Chunhua Weng, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, 622 W 168 Street, PH-20, New York, NY, 10032, USA, E-mail:
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Xi D, Hao T, He Y, Leng J, Sun Y, Yang Y, Mao H, Deng W. Nucleotide sequence and polymorphism of MHC class IIDQBexon 2 alleles in Chinese yakow (Bos grunniens × Bos taurus). Int J Immunogenet 2014; 41:269-75. [DOI: 10.1111/iji.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Xi
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology; Yunnan Agricultural University; Kunming China
| | - T. Hao
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology; Yunnan Agricultural University; Kunming China
| | - Y. He
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology; Yunnan Agricultural University; Kunming China
| | - J. Leng
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology; Yunnan Agricultural University; Kunming China
| | - Y. Sun
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology; Yunnan Agricultural University; Kunming China
| | - Y. Yang
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology; Yunnan Agricultural University; Kunming China
| | - H. Mao
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology; Yunnan Agricultural University; Kunming China
| | - W. Deng
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology; Yunnan Agricultural University; Kunming China
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28
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Ren Y, Hao T, Zhang M, Wang D, Yu H, Wang Y. Crystal structures and electrochemical properties of two Mn(II) 2-sulfoterephthalate complexes with N-donor ligands. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328414030075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Zhu X, Guo Y, Yao S, Yan Q, Xue M, Hao T, Zhou F, Zhu J, Qin D, Lu C. Synergy between Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) vIL-6 and HIV-1 Nef protein in promotion of angiogenesis and oncogenesis: role of the AKT signaling pathway. Oncogene 2013; 33:1986-96. [PMID: 23604117 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the cause of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), which is the most common AIDS-associated malignancy. KS is characterized by neovascularization and spindle cell proliferation. The interaction between HIV-1 and KSHV has a central role in promoting the aggressive manifestations of KS in AIDS patients; however, the pathogenesis underlying AIDS-related KS (AIDS-KS) remains unknown. Herein, we examined the potential of HIV-1 negative factor (Nef) to impact KSHV viral interleukin-6 (vIL-6)-induced angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. In vitro experiments showed that exogenous Nef penetrated vIL-6-expressing endothelial cells. Both internalized and ectopic expression of Nef in endothelial cells and fibroblasts synergized with vIL-6 to promote vascular tube formation and cell proliferation. Using a chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model, we demonstrated that Nef synergistically promotes vIL-6-induced angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. Animal experiments further showed that Nef facilitates vIL-6-induced angiogenesis and tumor formation in athymic nu/nu mice. Mechanistic studies indicated that Nef synergizes with vIL-6 to enhance angiogenesis and tumorigenesis by activating the AKT pathway in the CAM model, as well as nude mice. LY294002, a specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), significantly impaired the ability of Nef to promote vIL-6-induced tumorigenesis in an allograft model of nude mice. Our data provide first-line evidence that Nef may contribute to the pathogenesis underlying AIDS-KS in synergy with vIL-6. These novel findings also suggest that targeting the PI3K/AKT signal may be a potentially effective therapeutic approach in AIDS-KS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhu
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China [2] Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China [3] Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China [4] Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Y Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - S Yao
- Medical School, Quzhou College of Technology, Quzhou, PR China
| | - Q Yan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - M Xue
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - T Hao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - F Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - J Zhu
- Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - D Qin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - C Lu
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China [2] Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China [3] Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
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Pan A, Malik VS, Hao T, Willett WC, Mozaffarian D, Hu FB. Changes in water and beverage intake and long-term weight changes: results from three prospective cohort studies. Int J Obes (Lond) 2013; 37:1378-85. [PMID: 23318721 PMCID: PMC3628978 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2012.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the long-term relationship between changes in water and beverage intake and weight change. SUBJECTS Prospective cohort studies of 50013 women aged 40-64 years in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS, 1986-2006), 52987 women aged 27-44 years in the NHS II (1991-2007) and 21988 men aged 40-64 years in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2006) without obesity and chronic diseases at baseline. MEASURES We assessed the association of weight change within each 4-year interval, with changes in beverage intakes and other lifestyle behaviors during the same period. Multivariate linear regression with robust variance and accounting for within-person repeated measures were used to evaluate the association. Results across the three cohorts were pooled by an inverse-variance-weighted meta-analysis. RESULTS Participants gained an average of 1.45 kg (5th to 95th percentile: -1.87 to 5.46) within each 4-year period. After controlling for age, baseline body mass index and changes in other lifestyle behaviors (diet, smoking habits, exercise, alcohol, sleep duration, TV watching), each 1 cup per day increment of water intake was inversely associated with weight gain within each 4-year period (-0.13 kg; 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.17 to -0.08). The associations for other beverages were: sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) (0.36 kg; 95% CI: 0.24-0.48), fruit juice (0.22 kg; 95% CI: 0.15-0.28), coffee (-0.14 kg; 95% CI: -0.19 to -0.09), tea (-0.03 kg; 95% CI: -0.05 to -0.01), diet beverages (-0.10 kg; 95% CI: -0.14 to -0.06), low-fat milk (0.02 kg; 95% CI: -0.04 to 0.09) and whole milk (0.02 kg; 95% CI: -0.06 to 0.10). We estimated that replacement of 1 serving per day of SSBs by 1 cup per day of water was associated with 0.49 kg (95% CI: 0.32-0.65) less weight gain over each 4-year period, and the replacement estimate of fruit juices by water was 0.35 kg (95% CI: 0.23-0.46). Substitution of SSBs or fruit juices by other beverages (coffee, tea, diet beverages, low-fat and whole milk) were all significantly and inversely associated with weight gain. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that increasing water intake in place of SSBs or fruit juices is associated with lower long-term weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pan
- 1] Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA [2] Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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Hao T, Lu H, Chui HK, van Loosdrecht MCM, Chen GH. Granulation of anaerobic sludge in the sulfate-reducing up-flow sludge bed (SRUSB) of SANI(®) process. Water Sci Technol 2013; 68:560-566. [PMID: 23925183 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2013.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study reports on anaerobic sludge granulation in a laboratory-scale sulfate-reducing up-flow sludge bed (SRUSB) in a novel sulfate reduction, autotrophic denitrification and nitrification integrated (SANI(®)) process for treatment of saline sewage. Granulation occurred in 30 d and reached full development in 90 d. The sulfate-reducing granules grew up to around 1 mm after 90 d with 21 mL/g SVI5 (sludge volume index measured after 5 min) and the biomass concentration reached 29 g/L after 4 months' operation. The reactor removed 89% chemical oxygen demand (COD) and reduced 75% sulfate within 1 h of hydraulic retention time, under a COD loading rate of up to 6.4 kg COD/(m(3) · d).
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
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Wu D, Hao T, Lu H, Chui HK, van Loosdrecht MCM, Chen GH. Phosphorus release and uptake during start-up of a covered and non-aerated sequencing batch reactor with separate feeding of VFA and sulfate. Water Sci Technol 2012; 65:840-844. [PMID: 22339018 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2012.841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study explored a sulfur cycle-associated biological phosphorus (P) removal process in a covered and non-aerated sequencing batch reactor (SBR) fed with volatile fatty acid (VFA) and sulfate separately. During the 60-day start-up, both phosphate release and uptake rates increased, while poly-phosphate cyclically increased and decreased accordingly. The P-release and P-uptake rates were associated with VFA uptake and sulfate reduction. The average ratio of potassium to phosphate during the P-uptake and P-release was also determined to be 0.29-0.31 mol K/mol P, which is close to a reported value (0.33) for biological phosphorus removal. All this evidence confirmed there was biological P removal in this reactor, in which metabolism could be different from conventional biological P removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
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33
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Xuemei L, Yujie L, Dongdan Z, Hao T, Mingxiang W. e0190 Study on the role of CD4CD25treg on atherosclerosis in ApoE mice. Heart 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2010.208967.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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34
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Huifen R, Zhibin C, Hao T, Yanbing L. e0076 Screening oxidative stress associated genes by GeneChip on peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Heart 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2010.208967.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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35
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Jingguo W, Yanbing L, Hao T, Anli T, Zhongfu M, Hong M. e0128 Angiotensin-(1-7) inhibits vascular remodelling in rat jugular vein grafts via reduced ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK activity. Heart 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2010.208967.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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36
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Hao T, Wen N, Cao JK, Wang HB, Lü SH, Liu T, Lin QX, Duan CM, Wang CY. The support of matrix accumulation and the promotion of sheep articular cartilage defects repair in vivo by chitosan hydrogels. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2010; 18:257-65. [PMID: 19744589 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2009.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Revised: 08/25/2009] [Accepted: 08/26/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chitosan has been widely used as an injectable scaffold in cartilage tissue engineering due to its characteristic biocompatibility and biodegradability. In this study, chitosan was used in its hydrogel form as a scaffold for chondrocytes that act to reconstruct tissue-engineered cartilage and repair articular cartilage defects in the sheep model. This study aims to find a novel way to apply chitosan in cartilage tissue engineering. METHODS Temperature-responsive chitosan hydrogels were prepared by combining chitosan, beta-sodium glycerophosphate (GP) and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC). Tissue-engineered cartilage reconstructions were made in vitro by mixing sheep chondrocytes with a chitosan hydrogel. Cell survival and matrix accumulation were analyzed after 3 weeks in culture. To collect data for in vivo repair, reconstructions cultured for 1 day were transplanted to the freshly prepared defects of the articular cartilage of sheep. Then at both 12 and 24 weeks after transplantation, the grafts were extracted and analyzed histologically and immunohistochemically. RESULTS The results showed that the chondrocytes in the reconstructed cartilage survived and retained their ability to secrete matrix when cultured in vitro. Transplanted in vivo, the reconstructions repaired cartilage defects completely within 24 weeks. The implantation of chitosan hydrogels without chondrocytes also helps to repair cartilage defects. CONCLUSIONS The chitosan-based hydrogel could support matrix accumulation of chondrocytes and could repair sheep cartilage defects in 24 weeks. This study showcased the success of a new technique in its ability to repair articular cartilage defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hao
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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Liang H, Wang Z, Liu D, Hao T, Xu X. Enhancement of resistance to post-burn sepsis by dendritic cells. Burns 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2006.10.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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McKeever U, Barman S, Hao T, Chambers P, Song S, Lunsford L, Hsu YY, Roy K, Hedley ML. Protective immune responses elicited in mice by immunization with formulations of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles. Vaccine 2002; 20:1524-31. [PMID: 11858858 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(01)00509-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Parenteral administration of microparticle encapsulated DNA elicits immune responses to the encoded antigens. Experiments were performed to test whether the addition of certain lipophilic agents to such formulations enhanced the activity of a beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) DNA vaccine. Addition of either taurocholic acid (TA) or monomethoxy polyethylene-glycol-distearoylphosphatidylehanolamine (PEG-DSPE) increased the efficiency of DNA encapsulation. Immunization of mice with encapsulated DNA formulations containing either compound significantly increased the number of antibody positive responders over that achieved with non-lipid containing particles. Moreover, responding animals demonstrated trends towards higher antibody titers and increased T cell responses. Tumor protection against the CT26.CL25 tumor cell line was demonstrated with lipid and non-lipid containing formulations. These results are the first demonstration of protection obtained by parenteral administration of PLG encapsulated DNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- U McKeever
- Zycos Inc., 44 Hartwell Avenue, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Few electron microscopic studies of blister lesions in bullous amyloidosis have been reported, and the mechanism of blister formation remains to be elucidated. This study was designed to examine the nature of bullous amyloidosis ultrastructurally, and clarify the pathogenesis of blister formation. METHODS We examined a 47-year-old woman with IgD-lambda type myeloma, suffering from bullous lesions on her hands and feet caused by trauma or rubbing. Light and electron microscopic studies were performed. RESULT Ultrastructurally, amyloid deposits aggregated under the lamina densa. Keratinocyte protrusions penetrated the dermis through the gap in the lamina densa and enfolded amyloid deposits. Amyloid globules were found in enlarged intercellular spaces of keratinocytes. Desmosomes were sparsely distributed in some areas of the epidermis. CONCLUSION These results indicate that keratinocytes enfold the amyloid globules and take them in the intercellular space of epidermis, and that the breakdown of the lamina densa and widening of the intercellular space between keratinocytes induce skin fragility. Trauma or rubbing of her hands and feet appears to act as the localized precipitating factor of blister formation in bullous amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ochiai
- Department of Dermatology, Nihon University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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40
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Abstract
We evaluated the utility of three in vitro methods to monitor the biological potency of PLGA encapsulated DNA. For each assay we also determined whether the biological activity was influenced by the structural profile of DNA isomers. Collectively, the results indicate that all three methods can be used to evaluate the biological activity of DNA extracted from PLGA microspheres, but they are differentially sensitive to the structural changes of plasmid DNA that can occur during microencapsulation and microsphere storage. More specifically, mammalian cell transfection followed by an enzyme assay affords an accurate determination of DNA potency over time and is less influenced by DNA isoform than bacterial transformation. Cell-free transcription/translation systems can also be utilized, and the results of this assay are influenced by DNA isoform. Finally, bacterial transformation was found to be more sensitive to DNA isoform than the other assay methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hao
- ZYCOS Inc., 44 Hartwell Ave, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
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41
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Agostini I, Popov S, Li J, Dubrovsky L, Hao T, Bukrinsky M. Heat-shock protein 70 can replace viral protein R of HIV-1 during nuclear import of the viral preintegration complex. Exp Cell Res 2000; 259:398-403. [PMID: 10964507 DOI: 10.1006/excr.2000.4992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Heat-shock proteins (Hsp's) are a family of molecular chaperones that contribute to protection from environmental stress. In this report, we demonstrate that a member of this family, Hsp70, facilitates nuclear import of HIV-1 preintegration complexes (PICs). The mechanism of this activity appears to be similar to the one used by Vpr, an HIV-1 protein regulating viral nuclear import and replication in macrophages. Indeed Hsp70 stimulated binding of HIV-1 matrix antigen to GST-karyopherin alpha fusion protein and rescued nuclear import of a Vpr-defective HIV-1 strain in vitro. Binding studies with truncated forms of GST-karyopherin alpha demonstrated that both Vpr and Hsp70 bind to a region in the amino-terminal part of the karyopherin alpha molecule. This region appears to be distinct from the binding sites for two other karyopherin alpha cargoes, basic-type NLS-containing proteins and transcription factor STAT-1. Vpr competed with Hsp70 for binding to karyopherin alpha. These results suggest the presence of a novel regulatory site on karyopherin alpha which is used by Hsp70 and Vpr to stimulate interaction between the HIV-1 PIC and karyopherin alpha and thus promote viral nuclear import.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Agostini
- The Picower Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York 11030, USA
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42
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Wang X, Wu R, Hao T, Chen F. Effects of cigarette smoke extract on E-cadherin expression in cultured airway epithelial cells. Curr Med Sci 2000; 20:32-5. [PMID: 12845751 DOI: 10.1007/bf02887670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/1999] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To investigate whether the change of E-cadherin (ECD) expression plays a role in the injury and repair of airway epithelial cells (AEC) caused by smoking, porcine AECs were cultured by using an enzyme-dispersed method. After exposure of the AECs to cigarette smoke extract (CSE), the ECD expression in the cells was detected by using immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization. The results showed that ECD was distributed on the plasma membrane at the cell junctions of AECs. After exposure to 20% CSE, the membranous ECD expression was decreased, the cytoplasmic ECD expression was increased (P < 0.01) as the exposure time went on. But the content of ECD mRNA in the AECs did not chang. It suggests that the change of ECD expression is regulated at the posttranslational level and plays a role in the injury and repair of AEC caused by smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical University, Wuhan 430030
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43
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Abstract
Poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) microspheres containing plasmid DNA encoding the firefly luciferase gene were prepared using the water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) double emulsion and solvent evaporation method. In this study, we investigated the effects of three process parameters on DNA microencapsulation: (1) emulsification method used to generate the primary emulsion, (2) water/oil ratio during formation of the first emulsion, and (3) surfactant concentration used in the preparation of the second emulsion. The resulting formulations were also analyzed for microsphere size, encapsulation efficiency, and kinetics of DNA release. We found that although each process alteration resulted in encapsulation of biologically active, structurally intact DNA, the surfactant and water/oil ratio significantly affected the size, release kinetics and encapsulation efficiency of plasmid DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Hsu
- Zycos, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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44
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Wang X, Hao T, Wu R. [Effect of cigarette smoke extract on E-cadherin expression of airway epithelial cells]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 1999; 22:414-6. [PMID: 11775814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the possible mechanism of injury by smoking, and the effect of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on E-cadherin (ECD) expression in airway epithelial cells (AEC) was observed. METHODS Mouse trachea and pig AEC were cultured in vitro. After CSE exposure, the expression of ECD in AECs was evaluated using immunohistochemical stain and image analysis. RESULTS ECD was distributed on the plasma membrane at the cell junctions of AECs. At 12th and 24th hour after CSE exposure, the ECD expression on membrane decreased, whereas the cytoplasmic expression increased (P < 0.01) as compared with the normal controls. The expression at 24th hour was higher than that at 12th hour (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS CSE decreases the membranous expression of ECD in AECs, but increases the cytoplasmic expression. The change of ECD expression may mediate the airway epithelial injuries by smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical University, Wuhan 430030
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45
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Trotochaud AE, Hao T, Wu G, Yang Z, Clark SE. The CLAVATA1 receptor-like kinase requires CLAVATA3 for its assembly into a signaling complex that includes KAPP and a Rho-related protein. Plant Cell 1999; 11:393-406. [PMID: 10072399 PMCID: PMC144183 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.11.3.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The CLAVATA1 (CLV1) and CLAVATA3 (CLV3) genes are required to maintain the balance between cell proliferation and organ formation at the Arabidopsis shoot and flower meristems. CLV1 encodes a receptor-like protein kinase. We have found that CLV1 is present in two protein complexes in vivo. One is approximately 185 kD, and the other is approximately 450 kD. In each complex, CLV1 is part of a disulfide-linked multimer of approximately 185 kD. The 450-kD complex contains the protein phosphatase KAPP, which is a negative regulator of CLV1 signaling, and a Rho GTPase-related protein. In clv1 and clv3 mutants, CLV1 is found primarily in the 185-kD complex. We propose that CLV1 is present as an inactive disulfide-linked heterodimer and that CLV3 functions to promote the assembly of the active 450-kD complex, which then relays signal transduction through a Rho GTPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Trotochaud
- Department of Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1048, USA
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46
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Abstract
The Wagner theory, which describes the interfacial polarization in heterogeneous systems, was employed to model the electrorheological (ER) effect under the presumption that the shear stress increment is induced by the interfacial polarization. The currently observed experimental facts, such as the yield stress of some ER fluids, decreases with the applied field frequency increasing or the environment temperature decreasing, while that of other fluids increases with the frequency decreasing or temperature increasing; the strongest ER effect is usually observed in the suspension with the dispersed particle conductivity around 10(-7) S/m; the particle dielectric loss tangent of a good ER fluid usually is above 0.10 at 1000 Hz; and the fluid with a high conductive particle usually has a short response time, can be satisfactorily understood with the extended Wagner model. The Wagner-polarization-induced maximum yield stress of a heterogeneous-type ER fluid is estimated around 7 kPa under the presumption that the dielectric constants of the solid particle and the liquid medium are 10 and 2, respectively, the particle volume fraction is 35%, and the applied electric field strength is 3 kV/mm. It is concluded that the ER effect may substantially correlate with the Wagner polarization, which would help in understanding the mechanism of the ER effect and would provide a strategy for designing high performance ER fluids. Copyright 1998 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hao
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
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47
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Abstract
The dc field rheological properties and frequency dependent dielectric properties of a set of electrorheological (ER) fluids composed of oxidized polyacrylonitrile or aluminosilicate materials dispersed in silicone oil were examined in this paper. Our experimental investigations show that there is a complicated relationship between the dielectric properties of dispersed particles and the ER effect. The dielectric loss of dispersed particles, which has not attracted much attention in previous work, was found to play a considerable role in ER response. The large dielectric loss tangent, experimentally around 0.10 at 1000 Hz, is found to be needed for a strong ER effect. A good ER solid material should first have large dielectric loss, and then the higher the dielectric constant, the stronger the ER effect. The large dielectric loss would facilitate the turning of dispersed particles, and the high dielectric constant would maintain the fibrillation structure stable and strong. Two processes, the particle turning process and the particle polarization process, are thought to be involved in ER activity. Our findings, in connection with the Wagner model, can better explain why the strongest ER effect occurs at particle conductivity of 10(-7) S/m; why the shear stress of some ER fluids decreases with frequency while with others the shear stress increases with frequency; and why trace water can enhance the ER effect considerably, which would help in understanding the mechanism of the ER effect. Too large a dielectric loss is thought to be unfavorable for the ER effect, and its suitable range is worth further study. The results also present a method of designing high performance ER fluids, which would significantly promote development of electrorheology and its application in industrial areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hao
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
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48
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Hao T, Xu Y. Microstructure-Confined Mechanical and Electric Properties of the Electrorheological Fluids under the Oscillatory Mechanical Field. J Colloid Interface Sci 1997; 185:324-31. [PMID: 9028885 DOI: 10.1006/jcis.1996.4485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic properties of two kinds of aluminosilicate-based electrorheological (ER) fluids were investigated under on-state and off-state electric fields. The dynamic responsive (frequency sweep spectrum and strain sweep spectrum) differences between these two ER suspensions were found under the off-state electric field, whereas similarities were observed once an external electric field was applied. Their dc conductances under an oscillatory mechanical field and their mechanical strengths under an oscillatory electric field were also examined. The periodically varied dc current in an oscillatory mechanical field and the decreased shear stress in an ac field were both found in these ER suspensions. The different in situ microstructures of these two ER fluids suggested on the basis of the percolation model, as well as their different response times measured experimentally, were presented to understand the experimental observations. Our results have a direct implication concerning the practical application of ER fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hao
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
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49
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Abstract
The shear stresses and the current densities of four sorts of water-free ER fluids, two oxidized polyacrylonitriles-based and two aluminosilicates-based, were investigated at elevated and reduced temperatures in order to elucidate the operating mechanism. The complicated relationships among the mechanical properties, the current density, and temperature were especially addressed. The Wagner model was introduced to interpret our observations, instead of the commonly used conductivity model. It is found that the conductivity of the dispersed particles determines the temperature dependence of the shear stress and the current density of an ER fluid. Our findings have direct implication for the design of industrially required ER fluids and would be significant for ER applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hao
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
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50
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Zhang G, Feng Z, Hao T, Zhang H, Jiang Z. [Effect of allitridum on macrophage-medicated cytotoxicity]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 1996; 21:45-7, inside back cover. [PMID: 8703354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G Zhang
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical University, Wuhan
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